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McGinty EM, Craine EB, Miller ND, Ocana-Gallegos C, Spalding EP, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Evaluating relationships between seed morphological traits and seed dormancy in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1161165. [PMID: 37929178 PMCID: PMC10623317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Quinoa is a high-value, nutritious crop that performs well in variable environments, marginal soils, and in diverse crop rotations. Quinoa's many attributes make it an ideal crop for supporting human health in global communities and economies. To date, quinoa research has largely focused on traits in adult plants important for enhancing plant phenotypic plasticity, abiotic stress, disease resistance, and yield. Fewer studies have evaluated quinoa seed dormancy and suggest that most modern quinoa varieties have weak or no seed dormancy, and a narrow window of seed viability post-harvest. In other crops, diminished seed dormancy is a major risk factor for preharvest sprouting (PHS; germination on the panicle due to rain prior to harvest) and may also pose a similar risk for quinoa. Methods This study (1) developed a dormancy screening assay to characterize seed dormancy strength in a large collection of quinoa varieties, (2) investigated if morphological variables including seed coat color, seed coat thickness, seed shape including eccentricity which evaluates the roundness or flatness of a seed, and other agronomic traits like crude protein content and seed moisture, contribute to quinoa seed dormancy, and (3) evaluated the use of a phenetic modeling approach to explore relationships between seed morphology and seed dormancy. Results Dormancy screening indicated seed dormancy ranges in quinoa varieties from none to strong dormancy. Further, phenetic modeling approaches indicate that seed coat thickness and eccentricity are important morphological variables that impact quinoa seed dormancy strength. Conclusions While dormancy screening and phenetic modeling approaches do not provide a direct solution to preventing PHS in quinoa, they do provide new tools for identifying dormant varieties as well as morphological variables contributing to seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cristina Ocana-Gallegos
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Craine EB, Davies A, Packer D, Miller ND, Schmöckel SM, Spalding EP, Tester M, Murphy KM. A comprehensive characterization of agronomic and end-use quality phenotypes across a quinoa world core collection. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1101547. [PMID: 36875583 PMCID: PMC9978749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a pseudocereal with high protein quality originating from the Andean region of South America, has broad genetic variation and adaptability to diverse agroecological conditions, contributing to the potential to serve as a global keystone protein crop in a changing climate. However, the germplasm resources currently available to facilitate quinoa expansion worldwide are restricted to a small portion of quinoa's total genetic diversity, in part because of day-length sensitivity and issues related to seed sovereignty. This study aimed to characterize phenotypic relationships and variation within a quinoa world core collection. The 360 accessions were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in each of two greenhouses in Pullman, WA during the summer of 2018. Phenological stages, plant height, and inflorescence characteristics were recorded. Seed yield, composition, thousand seed weight, nutritional composition, shape, size, and color were measured using a high-throughput phenotyping pipeline. Considerable variation existed among the germplasm. Crude protein content ranged from 11.24% to 17.81% (fixed at 14% moisture). We found that protein content was negatively correlated with yield and positively correlated with total amino acid content and days to harvest. Mean essential amino acids values met adult daily requirements but not leucine and lysine infant requirements. Yield was positively correlated with thousand seed weight and seed area, and negatively correlated with ash content and days to harvest. The accessions clustered into four groups, with one-group representing useful accessions for long-day breeding programs. The results of this study establish a practical resource for plant breeders to leverage as they strategically develop germplasm in support of the global expansion of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alathea Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Daniel Packer
- Sustainable Seed Systems Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra M. Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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Nalbandian E, Pietrysiak E, Murphy KM, Ganjyal GM. Different breeding lines of quinoa significantly influence the quality of baked cookies and cooked grains. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5225-5239. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Pietrysiak
- School of Food Science Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Girish M. Ganjyal
- School of Food Science Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
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Kellogg JA, Klarquist EF, Waziri AD, Luftig D, Carbonero F, Solverson P, Perrigue M, Aytekin D, Walton J, Garland-Campbell K, Murphy KM. Developing a definition of biofortification through the synthesis of food biofortification publications: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2022; 20:2109-2116. [DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tabatabaei I, Alseekh S, Shahid M, Leniak E, Wagner M, Mahmoudi H, Thushar S, Fernie AR, Murphy KM, Schmöckel SM, Tester M, Mueller-Roeber B, Skirycz A, Balazadeh S. The diversity of quinoa morphological traits and seed metabolic composition. Sci Data 2022; 9:323. [PMID: 35725573 PMCID: PMC9209433 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an herbaceous annual crop of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae). It is increasingly cultivated for its nutritious grains, which are rich in protein and essential amino acids, lipids, and minerals. Quinoa exhibits a high tolerance towards various abiotic stresses including drought and salinity, which supports its agricultural cultivation under climate change conditions. The use of quinoa grains is compromised by anti-nutritional saponins, a terpenoid class of secondary metabolites deposited in the seed coat; their removal before consumption requires extensive washing, an economically and environmentally unfavorable process; or their accumulation can be reduced through breeding. In this study, we analyzed the seed metabolomes, including amino acids, fatty acids, and saponins, from 471 quinoa cultivars, including two related species, by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Additionally, we determined a large number of agronomic traits including biomass, flowering time, and seed yield. The results revealed considerable diversity between genotypes and provide a knowledge base for future breeding or genome editing of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Tabatabaei
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Department Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Academic City, Near Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ewa Leniak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mateusz Wagner
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Henda Mahmoudi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Academic City, Near Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumitha Thushar
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Academic City, Near Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Washington State University, Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, 273 Johnson Hall, PO Box 646420, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Sandra M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mark Tester
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Department Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. .,Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Habiyaremye C, Ndayiramije O, D'Alpoim Guedes J, Murphy KM. Assessing the Adaptability of Quinoa and Millet in Two Agroecological Zones of Rwanda. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.850280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and millet species (including Eleusine coracana, Panicum miliaceum, and Setaria italica) are nutritionally valuable seed crops with versatile applications in food production and consumption. Both quinoa and millet have the potential to provide drought-tolerant, nutritious complementary crops to maize that is predominantly cultivated in Rwanda. This study evaluated quinoa and millet genotypes and assessed their agronomic performance in two agroecological zones of Rwanda. Twenty quinoa and fourteen millet cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, emergence, days to heading, flowering, and maturity, and plant height in 2016 and 2017 in Musanze, a highland region (2,254 m above sea level), and Kirehe, in the Eastern lowlands of Rwanda (1,478 m above sea level). Quinoa yield ranged from 189 to 1,855 kg/ha in Musanze and from 140 to 1,259 kg/ha in Kirehe. Millet yield ranged from 16 to 1,536 kg/ha in Musanze and from 21 to 159 kg/ha in Kirehe. Mean cultivar plant height was shorter in Kirehe (μ = 73 and 58 cm for quinoa and millets, respectively), than Musanze (μ = 93 and 76 cm for quinoa and millets, respectively). There was a genotype × environment interaction for maturity in quinoa and millet in both years. Across locations, “Titicaca” and “Earlybird” (Panicum miliaceum) were the earliest maturing quinoa and millet varieties, respectively, both with an average of 91 days to maturity. The results suggest that quinoa and millet have potential as regional crops for inclusion in the traditional dryland cropping rotations in Rwanda, thereby contributing to increased cropping system diversity and food security.
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Oeller EC, Clark RE, Hinojosa L, Murphy KM, Crowder DW. Effects of Agronomic Practices on Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) Population Dynamics in Quinoa. Environ Entomol 2021; 50:852-859. [PMID: 33960388 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crop diversification often promotes farm sustainability. However, proper management of newly introduced crops is difficult when pests are unknown. Characterizing herbivore dynamics on new crops, and how they respond to agronomic factors, is crucial for integrated pest management. Here we explored factors affecting Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) herbivores in quinoa crops of Washington State. Quinoa is a newly introduced crop for North America that has multiple varieties and a range of agronomic practices used for cultivation. Through arthropod surveys and discussions with growers, we determined that Lygus spp. was the most abundant insect herbivore and likely contributed to low quinoa yields in previous seasons. We assessed how different varieties (Pison and QQ74), irrigation regimes (present and not), and planting methods (direct-seeded and transplanted) affected Lygus population dynamics. Lygus phenology was correlated with timing of quinoa seed-set in July and August, corresponding to a period when quinoa is most susceptible to Lygus. Both irrigation and planting manipulations had significant effects on Lygus abundance. Irrigation reduced Lygus abundance compared with nonirrigated plots in 2018. Planting method had a significant effect on Lygus populations in both 2017 and 2018, but effects differed among years. Variety had a significant effect on Lygus abundance, but only in nonirrigated plots. Overall, our study shows that Lygus is a common insect herbivore in quinoa, and careful selection of variety, planting method, and irrigation regime may be key components of effective control in seasons where Lygus abundance is high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E Clark
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Leonardo Hinojosa
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Kellogg JA, Reganold JP, Murphy KM, Carpenter-Boggs LA. A Plant-Fungus Bioassay Supports the Classification of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as Inconsistently Mycorrhizal. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:135-144. [PMID: 33580815 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is becoming an increasingly important food crop. Understanding the microbiome of quinoa and its relationships with soil microorganisms may improve crop yield potential or nutrient use efficiency. Whether quinoa is a host or non-host of a key soil symbiont, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is suddenly up for debate with recent field studies reporting root colonization and presence of arbuscules. This research seeks to add evidence to the mycorrhizal classification of quinoa as we investigated additional conditions not previously explored in quinoa that may affect root colonization. A greenhouse study used six AMF species, two AMF commercial inoculant products, and a diverse set of 10 quinoa genotypes. Results showed 0 to 3% quinoa root colonization by AMF when grown under greenhouse conditions. Across quinoa genotypes, AMF inoculant affected shoot dry weight (p = 0.066) and height (p = 0.031). Mykos Gold produced greater dry biomass than Claroideoglomus eutunicatum (27% increase), Rhizophagus clarus (26% increase), and within genotype CQ119, the control (21% increase). No treatment increased plant height compared to control, but Funneliformis mosseae increased height compared to C. eutunicatum (25% increase) and Rhizophagus intraradices (25% increase). Although quinoa plants were minimally colonized by AMF, plant growth responses fell along the mutualism-parasitism continuum. Individual AMF treatments increased leaf greenness in quinoa genotypes 49ALC and QQ87, while R. clarus decreased greenness in CQ119 compared to the control. Our research findings support the recommendation to classify quinoa as non-mycorrhizal when no companion plant is present and inconsistently mycorrhizal when conditional colonization occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne A Kellogg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Johnson Hall, PO 646420, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - John P Reganold
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Johnson Hall, PO 646420, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Johnson Hall, PO 646420, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lynne A Carpenter-Boggs
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Johnson Hall, PO 646420, Pullman, WA, USA
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Craine EB, Bramwell S, Ross CF, Fisk S, Murphy KM. Strategic malting barley improvement for craft brewers through consumer sensory evaluation of malt and beer. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3628-3644. [PMID: 34190346 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
American craft brewers are targeting barley malt as a novel source of flavor and as a means of differentiation. However, fundamental tools have only recently emerged to aid barley breeders in supporting this effort, such as the hot steep malt sensory method, a wort preparation method recently approved by the American Society of Brewing Chemists for evaluation of extractable malt flavor. The primary objective of this study was to determine if insights into beer liking and sensory attributes can be gained through hot steep malt sensory using an untrained panel of craft beer consumers (n = 95). We evaluated consumer acceptance of hot steep and beer samples of different barley genotypes using a 9-point hedonic scale, check-all-that-apply (CATA), and open comment during separate sensory panels. Beers brewed with Washington State University breeding lines (n = 4), selected for all-malt craft brewing, generally had higher consumer acceptance than the industry-standard control variety (CDC Copeland). Genotype had a significant influence on the consumer acceptance of beer aroma, appearance, taste/flavor, sweetness, and overall liking but only on hot steep appearance. Significant differences between genotypes were found for 18% (fruity and other) and 46% (chemical, citrus, earthy, fruity, stale, and sweet aromatic) of CATA attributes for the hot steep and beer panels, respectively. Hot steep and beer liking and sensory attributes had low correlation coefficients. For example, beer overall liking was negatively correlated with chemical (r = -0.338, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with fruity (r = 0.265, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates that untrained craft beer consumers can better differentiate among genotypes using beers than hot steep samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In general, Washington State University barley breeding lines had higher consumer acceptance than the control variety, CDC Copeland. Each genotype had a distinctive beer flavor profile, such as 12WA_120.14 (fruity and sweet aromatic), which had the highest consumer acceptance ratings, and 10WA_107.43 (citrus), which has been released as the variety "Palmer." The results illustrate that the use of different barley genotypes presents varied sensory properties in the final beer and that particular malt and beer sensory attributes may influence consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Craine
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen Bramwell
- Thurston County Extension, Washington State University, Washington, USA
| | - Carolyn F Ross
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Washington, USA
| | - Scott Fisk
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Washington, USA
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Habiyaremye C, Schroeder KL, Reganold JP, White D, Packer D, Murphy KM. Effect of Nitrogen and Seeding Rate on β-Glucan, Protein, and Grain Yield of Naked Food Barley in No-Till Cropping Systems in the Palouse Region of the Pacific Northwest. Front Sustain Food Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.663445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a storied history as a food crop, and it has long been a dietary staple of peoples in temperate climates. Contemporary research studies have focused mostly on hulled barley for malt and animal feed. As such, nitrogen (N) and seeding rate agronomic data for naked food barley are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the effects of N on ß-glucan and protein content, and N and seeding rate on phenotypic characteristics of naked food barley, including grain yield, emergence, plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, test weight, percent plump kernels, and percent thin kernels. Experiments were conducted at two no-till farms, located in Almota, WA, and Genesee, ID, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest from 2016 to 2018. The experiment comprised two varieties (“Havener” and “Julie”), employed N rates of 0, 62, 95, 129, and 162 kg N ha−1, and seeding rates of 250, 310, and 375 seeds/m−2. Increased N fertilization rate was shown to significantly increase all response variables, except β-glucan content of the variety Julie, days to heading, test weight, and percent plump and thin kernels. Increased N fertilization resulted in higher mean grain yield of Havener and Julie in both Almota and Genesee up to 95 kg N ha−1. Havener had higher yields (3,908 kg N ha−1) than Julie (3,099 kg N ha−1) across locations and years. Julie had higher β-glucan (8.2%) and protein (12.6%) content compared to Havener (β-glucan = 6.6%; protein = 9.1%). Our results indicate that β-glucan content is associated with genotype, environmental, and agronomic factors in dryland cropping systems of the Palouse.
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McGinty EM, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:458. [PMID: 33670959 PMCID: PMC7997350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
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Craine EB, Murphy KM. Corrigendum: Seed Composition and Amino Acid Profiles for Quinoa Grown in Washington State. Front Nutr 2020; 7:605674. [PMID: 33240922 PMCID: PMC7680897 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.605674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Craine
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal celebrated for its excellent nutritional quality and potential to improve global food security, especially in marginal environments. However, minimal information is available on how genotype influences seed composition, and thus, nutritional quality. This study aimed to provide a baseline for nutritional quality of Washington grown quinoa and test the hypothesis that these samples contain adequate amounts of essential amino acids to meet daily requirements set by the World Health Organization (WHO). One hundred samples, representing commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines adapted to Washington State, were analyzed for content of 23 amino acids, as well as crude protein, ash, moisture, and crude fat. Mean essential amino acid values for Washington grown quinoa met the daily requirements for all age groups for all essential amino acids, except for the amount of leucine required by infants. We found that only nine genotypes met the leucine requirements for all age groups. A total of 52 and 94 samples met the lysine and tryptophan requirements for all age groups, respectively. Mean values for isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, valine, and the sulfur and aromatic amino acids are higher for Washington grown samples than those reported previously reported in the literature. Our results show that not all Washington grown quinoa samples meet daily requirements of essential amino acids, and we identify limiting amino acids for the germplasm and environments investigated. This study provides the first report of leucine as a limiting amino acid in quinoa. Additional research is needed to better understand variation in quinoa nutritional composition, identify varieties that meet daily requirements, and explore how genotype, environment, and management interactions influence nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Craine
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Li F, Hunt K, Buggy AK, Murphy KM, Ho QT, O'Callaghan TF, Butler F, Jordan K, Tobin JT. The effects of sequential heat treatment on microbial reduction and spore inactivation during milk processing. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Eustis A, Murphy KM, Barrios-Masias FH. Leaf Gas Exchange Performance of Ten Quinoa Genotypes under a Simulated Heat Wave. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E81. [PMID: 31936466 PMCID: PMC7020487 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly nutritious crop that is resilient to a wide range of abiotic stresses; however, sensitivity to high temperatures is regarded as an impediment to adoption in regions prone to heat waves. Heat stress is usually associated with a decrease in crop reproductive capacity (e.g., pollen viability), yet little is known about how leaf physiological performance of quinoa is affected by high temperatures. Several trials were conducted to understand the effect of high temperatures, without confounding stressors such as drought, on ten selected quinoa genotypes considered to encompass heat sensitive and heat tolerant plant material. Plants were grown under favorable temperatures and exposed to two temperature treatments over four consecutive days. The heat treatment simulated heat waves with maximum and minimum temperatures higher during the day and night, while the control treatment was maintained under favorable temperatures (maximum and minimum temperatures for 'Heat': 45/30 °C and 'Control': 20/14 °C). Leaf gas exchange (day), chlorophyll fluorescence (predawn and day) and dark respiration (night) were measured. Results show that most quinoa genotypes under the heat treatment increased their photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance, resulting in a lower intrinsic water use efficiency. This was partly corroborated by an increase in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). Dark respiration decreased under the heat treatment in most genotypes, and temperature treatment did not affect aboveground biomass by harvest (shoot and seeds). These results suggest that heat stress alone favors increases in leaf carbon assimilation capacity although the tradeoff is higher plant water demand, which may lead to plant water stress and lower yields under non-irrigated field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Eustis
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA;
| | - Felipe H. Barrios-Masias
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
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16
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Kelleher CM, Aydogdu T, Murphy KM, O'Mahony JA, Kelly AL, O'Callaghan DJ, McCarthy NA. The effect of protein profile and preheating on denaturation of whey proteins and development of viscosity in milk protein beverages during heat treatment. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh M Kelleher
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department Teagasc Food Research Centre Cork Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Tugce Aydogdu
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department Teagasc Food Research Centre Cork Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department Teagasc Food Research Centre Cork Ireland
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Donal J O'Callaghan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department Teagasc Food Research Centre Cork Ireland
| | - Noel A McCarthy
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department Teagasc Food Research Centre Cork Ireland
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17
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David R Curran
- Respiratory Medicine, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Gardner M, Maliro MFA, Goldberger JR, Murphy KM. Assessing the Potential Adoption of Quinoa for Human Consumption in Central Malawi. Front Sustain Food Syst 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Clark I, Jones SS, Reganold JP, Sanguinet KA, Murphy KM. Agronomic Performance of Perennial Grain Genotypes in the Palouse Region of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Front Sustain Food Syst 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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20
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Topaz CM, Klingenberg B, Turek D, Heggeseth B, Harris PE, Blackwood JC, Chavoya CO, Nelson S, Murphy KM. Diversity of artists in major U.S. museums. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212852. [PMID: 30893328 PMCID: PMC6426178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. art museum sector is grappling with diversity. While previous work has investigated the demographic diversity of museum staffs and visitors, the diversity of artists in their collections has remained unreported. We conduct the first large-scale study of artist diversity in museums. By scraping the public online catalogs of 18 major U.S. museums, deploying a sample of 10,000 artist records comprising over 9,000 unique artists to crowdsourcing, and analyzing 45,000 responses, we infer artist genders, ethnicities, geographic origins, and birth decades. Our results are threefold. First, we provide estimates of gender and ethnic diversity at each museum, and overall, we find that 85% of artists are white and 87% are men. Second, we identify museums that are outliers, having significantly higher or lower representation of certain demographic groups than the rest of the pool. Third, we find that the relationship between museum collection mission and artist diversity is weak, suggesting that a museum wishing to increase diversity might do so without changing its emphases on specific time periods and regions. Our methodology can be used to broadly and efficiently assess diversity in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Topaz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bernhard Klingenberg
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Data Science, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel Turek
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Brianna Heggeseth
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Pamela E. Harris
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Julie C. Blackwood
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - C. Ondine Chavoya
- Department of Art, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Steven Nelson
- Department of Art History, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
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21
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Hinojosa L, González JA, Barrios-Masias FH, Fuentes F, Murphy KM. Quinoa Abiotic Stress Responses: A Review. Plants (Basel) 2018; 7:E106. [PMID: 30501077 PMCID: PMC6313892 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse Andean crop that has earned special attention worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits and its ability to adapt to contrasting environments, including nutrient-poor and saline soils and drought stressed marginal agroecosystems. Drought and salinity are the abiotic stresses most studied in quinoa; however, studies of other important stress factors, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, and UV-B light irradiance, are severely limited. In the last few decades, the incidence of abiotic stress has been accentuated by the increase in unpredictable weather patterns. Furthermore, stresses habitually occur as combinations of two or more. The goals of this review are to: (1) provide an in-depth description of the existing knowledge of quinoa's tolerance to different abiotic stressors; (2) summarize quinoa's physiological responses to these stressors; and (3) describe novel advances in molecular tools that can aid our understanding of the mechanisms underlying quinoa's abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Hinojosa
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agrnomía, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba 060106, Ecuador.
| | - Juan A González
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Instituto de Ecología, Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán Post 4000, Argentina.
| | - Felipe H Barrios-Masias
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago 4860, Chile.
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.
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22
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Drapala KP, Murphy KM, Ho QT, Crowley SV, Mulcahy S, McCarthy NA, O'Mahony JA. Short communication: Multi-component interactions causing solidification during industrial-scale manufacture of pre-crystallized acid whey powders. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10743-10749. [PMID: 30292547 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acid whey (AW) is the liquid co-product arising from acid-induced precipitation of casein from skim milk. Further processing of AW is often challenging due to its high mineral content, which can promote aggregation of whey proteins, which contributes to high viscosity of the liquid concentrate during subsequent lactose crystallization and drying steps. This study focuses on mineral precipitation, protein aggregation, and lactose crystallization in liquid AW concentrates (∼55% total solids), and on the microstructure of the final powders from 2 independent industrial-scale trials. These AW concentrates were observed to solidify either during processing or during storage (24 h) of pre-crystallized concentrate. The more rapid solidification in the former was associated with a greater extent of lactose crystallization and a higher ash-to-protein ratio in that concentrate. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis indicated the presence of a loose network of protein aggregates (≤10 µm) and lactose crystals (100-300 µm) distributed throughout the solidified AW concentrate. Mineral-based precipitate was also evident, using scanning electron microscopy, at the surface of AW powder particles, indicating the formation of insoluble calcium phosphate during processing. These results provide new information on the composition- and process-dependent physicochemical changes that are useful in designing and optimizing processes for AW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil P Drapala
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF; Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; Dairy Processing Technology Centre, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - Quang Tri Ho
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; Dairy Processing Technology Centre, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - Shane V Crowley
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF
| | - Shane Mulcahy
- Arrabawn Co-Operative Society Ltd., Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland E45 XP86
| | - Noel A McCarthy
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996; Dairy Processing Technology Centre, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF; Dairy Processing Technology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 K8AF.
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23
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Ho QT, Murphy KM, Drapala KP, O'Callaghan TF, Fenelon MA, O'Mahony JA, McCarthy NA. Effect of pH and heat treatment on viscosity and heat coagulation properties of milk protein concentrate. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Murphy KM, Ho QT, Drapala KP, Keena GM, Fenelon MA, O'Mahony JA, McCarthy NA. Influence of protein standardisation media and heat treatment on viscosity and related physicochemical properties of skim milk concentrate. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Langer EM, Kendsersky ND, Daniel CJ, Kuziel GM, Pelz C, Murphy KM, Capecchi MR, Sears RC. ZEB1-repressed microRNAs inhibit autocrine signaling that promotes vascular mimicry of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:1005-1019. [PMID: 29084210 PMCID: PMC5823716 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During normal tumor growth and in response to some therapies, tumor cells experience acute or chronic deprivation of nutrients and oxygen and induce tumor vascularization. While this occurs predominately through sprouting angiogenesis, tumor cells have also been shown to directly contribute to vessel formation through vascular mimicry (VM) and/or endothelial transdifferentiation. The extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms underlying tumor cell adoption of endothelial phenotypes, however, are not well understood. Here we show that serum withdrawal induces mesenchymal breast cancer cells to undergo VM and that knockdown of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator, Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), or overexpression of the ZEB1-repressed microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-200c, miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182 inhibits this process. We find that secreted proteins Fibronectin 1 (FN1) and serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family E member 2 (SERPINE2) are essential for VM in this system. These secreted factors are upregulated in mesenchymal cells in response to serum withdrawal, and overexpression of VM-inhibiting miRNAs abrogates this upregulation. Intriguingly, the receptors for these secreted proteins, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and Integrin beta 1 (ITGB1), are also targets of the VM-inhibiting miRNAs, suggesting that autocrine signaling stimulating VM is regulated by ZEB1-repressed miRNA clusters. Together, these data provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of VM and suggest that miRNAs repressed during EMT, in addition to suppressing migratory and stem-like properties of tumor cells, also inhibit endothelial phenotypes of breast cancer cells adopted in response to a nutrient-deficient microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - N D Kendsersky
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C J Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - G M Kuziel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Pelz
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K M Murphy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M R Capecchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Wu G, Morris CF, Murphy KM. Quinoa Starch Characteristics and Their Correlations with the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) of Cooked Quinoa. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2387-2395. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Wu
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
| | - Craig F. Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory; E-202 Food Quality Building; Washington State Univ.; Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences; Washington State Univ.; Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Aluwi
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
| | - Girish M. Ganjyal
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, U.S.A
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28
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Winkler LR, Hasenbeck A, Murphy KM, Hermes JC. Replacing Corn and Wheat in Layer Diets with Hulless Oats Shows Effects on Sensory Properties and Yolk Quality of Eggs. Front Nutr 2017; 4:37. [PMID: 28824917 PMCID: PMC5534467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
US organic poultry producers are under pressure to find feed alternatives to corn and wheat. Hulless oats offer advantages such as wide geographic adaptation of the plant and high concentrations of protein and oil in the grain. They have shown considerable potential in experimental work as a feed grain for poultry, but more research is needed into their influence on the sensory and nutritional properties of eggs. In this study, hulless oats were substituted for corn or wheat at 200 g kg−1 in diets fed to Hy-Line Brown hens and eggs were sampled for sensory evaluation after 8 weeks. Discrimination tests of blended and baked egg samples found evidence of difference between eggs from oat-based diets and those from the oat-free control (p < 0.05 for eggs from an oat-corn diet, p < 0.01 for eggs from an oat-wheat diet). Acceptance tests of similar samples showed that eggs from the oat-wheat diet were significantly less liked than control eggs for their texture (p < 0.01) and response to cooking (p < 0.01), while eggs from the oat-corn diet were somewhat less liked. Yolk weight was greater (p < 0.05) in control eggs (34.1 g) than eggs from oat-corn (31.6 g) or oat-wheat (31.2 g) diets, leading to smaller yolk proportion in the oat-fed eggs. Fatty acid profile differences across treatments were not of nutritional significance, and no evidence was found that the feeding of hulless oats improved storage properties of eggs. In this study, modifying the carbohydrate source in layer diets was shown to change textural properties of cooked eggs in a way that was perceptible to untrained consumers, probably by reducing the yolk proportion. This finding was not commercially relevant owing to small effect size, and results overall add to existing evidence that hulless oats can be fed to poultry at a moderate proportion of the diet with no negative effect on consumer acceptability of eggs. Regardless of the small effect size, however, findings are interesting from the food chemistry perspective because they provide novel evidence of how the thermal properties of eggs can be altered by a change in hen dietary carbohydrate source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa R Winkler
- Sustainable Seed Systems Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Aimee Hasenbeck
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - James C Hermes
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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29
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Wu G, Ross CF, Morris CF, Murphy KM. Lexicon Development, Consumer Acceptance, and Drivers of Liking of Quinoa Varieties. J Food Sci 2017; 82:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Wu
- School of Food Science Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
| | - Carolyn F. Ross
- School of Food Science Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
| | - Craig F. Morris
- USDA‐ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, E‐202 Food Quality Building Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State Univ. Pullman WA 99164 U.S.A
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30
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Murphy KM. A quiet harvest: linkage between ritual, seed selection and the historical use of the finger-bladed knife as a traditional plant breeding tool in Ifugao, Philippines. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2017; 13:3. [PMID: 28086808 PMCID: PMC5237252 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-016-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The transverse harvest knife, also commonly called the finger or finger-bladed knife, has been utilized by rice farmers in southeast Asia for many centuries. The finger knife persisted in many traditional cultures long after the introduction of the sickle, a tool which provided farmers with the means to execute a much faster harvest. Several theories in interpretative archaeology have attempted to account for this rejection of more modern technological innovations. These theories, which include community-based social organization ideas and practical reasons for the continued use of the finger knife, are presented in this paper. Here I suggest an alternate theory based on a re-interpretation of existing research and fusion of existing theories: the primary reason for the historical and continued use of the finger knife is for seed selection through a centuries old tradition of plant breeding. Though I accept the accuracy of the practical and community-based, socio-cultural reasons for the use of the finger knife put forth by other authors, I suggest that seed selection and genetic improvement was the driving factor in the use of the finger knife. Indeed, intricate planting and harvesting rituals, which both ensured and encouraged varietal conservation and improvement co-evolved with the use of the finger knife as the primary harvest tool due to its unique ability to aid the farmer in the art and science of seed selection. When combined with previous ideas, this interpretative theory, based on the connection between ethnoagronomy and material culture, may provide a more complete picture of the story around the persistence of the finger knife in traditional rice-growing cultures in southeast Asia. I focus my theory on the terrace-building Ifugao people in the mountainous Cordillera region of northcentral Philippines; however, to put the use of the finger into a wider regional context, I draw from examples of the use of the finger knife in other traditional cultures throughout the region of southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 113 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA.
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31
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Habiyaremye C, Matanguihan JB, D’Alpoim Guedes J, Ganjyal GM, Whiteman MR, Kidwell KK, Murphy KM. Proso Millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) and Its Potential for Cultivation in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.: A Review. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:1961. [PMID: 28119699 PMCID: PMC5220228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a warm season grass with a growing season of 60-100 days. It is a highly nutritious cereal grain used for human consumption, bird seed, and/or ethanol production. Unique characteristics, such as drought and heat tolerance, make proso millet a promising alternative cash crop for the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the United States. Development of proso millet varieties adapted to dryland farming regions of the PNW could give growers a much-needed option for diversifying their predominantly wheat-based cropping systems. In this review, the agronomic characteristics of proso millet are discussed, with emphasis on growth habits and environmental requirements, place in prevailing crop rotations in the PNW, and nutritional and health benefits. The genetics of proso millet and the genomic resources available for breeding adapted varieties are also discussed. Last, challenges and opportunities of proso millet cultivation in the PNW are explored, including the potential for entering novel and regional markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Habiyaremye
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Janet B. Matanguihan
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Girish M. Ganjyal
- Food Processing Lab, School of Food Science, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael R. Whiteman
- International Programs, International Research and Agricultural Development, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Kimberlee K. Kidwell
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
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Maliro MFA, Guwela VF, Nyaika J, Murphy KM. Preliminary Studies of the Performance of Quinoa (C henopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions of Central Malawi. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:227. [PMID: 28289421 PMCID: PMC5327821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of sustainable intensification of agriculture in Malawi has led to the evaluation of innovative, regionally novel or under-utilized crop species. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has the potential to provide a drought tolerant, nutritious alternative to maize. We evaluated 11 diverse varieties of quinoa for their yield and agronomic performance at two locations, Bunda and Bembeke, in Malawi. The varieties originated from Ecuador, Chile and Bolivia in South America; the United States and Canada in North America; and, Denmark in Europe, and were chosen based on their variation in morphological and agronomic traits, and their potential for adaptation to the climate of Malawi. Plant height, panicle length, days to maturity, harvest index, and seed yield were recorded for each variety under irrigation at Bunda and Bembeke, and under rainfed conditions at Bunda. Plant height was significantly influenced by both genotype and environment. There were also significant differences between the two locations for panicle length whereas genotype and genotype × environment (G × E) interaction were not significantly different. Differences were found for genotype and G × E interaction for harvest index. Notably, differences for genotype, environment and G × E were found for grain yield. Seed yield was higher at Bunda (237-3019 kg/ha) than Bembeke (62-692 kg/ha) under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding genotype at Bunda was Titicaca (3019 kg/ha) whereas Multi-Hued was the highest (692 kg/ha) at Bembeke. Strong positive correlations between seed yield and (1) plant height (r = 0.74), (2) days to maturity (r = 0.76), and (3) biomass (r = 0.87) were found under irrigated conditions. The rainfed evaluations at Bunda revealed significant differences in seed yield, plant biomass, and seed size among the genotypes. The highest yielding genotype was Black Seeded (2050 kg/ha) followed by Multi-Hued (1603 kg/ha) and Bio-Bio (1446 kg/ha). Ecuadorian (257 kg/ha) was the lowest yielding genotype. In general the seed yields of the genotypes were lower under rainfed conditions than under irrigated conditions at Bunda. The results also highlight the need to continue evaluating a diverse number of cultivars to select for genotypes adapted to specific agro-ecological areas and across seasons in Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses F. A. Maliro
- Bunda College Campus, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLilongwe, Malawi
- *Correspondence: Moses F. A. Maliro, ;
| | | | - Jacinta Nyaika
- Bunda College Campus, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
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Murphy KM, O'Donnell KA, Higgins AB, O'Neill C, Cafferkey MT. Irish strains of Neisseria meningitidis: characterisation using multilocus sequence typing. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 60:204-9. [PMID: 14725336 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2003.11783700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 56 Neisseria meningitidis strains are analysed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Twenty-nine distinct sequence types (STs) were identified, eight of which were new. Four known hypervirulent clones--ST-11 (electrophoretic type [ET]-37) complex, ST-44 complex (lineage 3), ST-32 (ET-5) complex and ST-8 complex (cluster A4)--were identified by MLST in 35 disease-associated and four carrier strains. Two other clones (ST-22 complex and ST-269 complex) were identified in nine disease-associated and one carrier strain. The remaining strains were heterogeneous. Additional sequencing within the FumC gene further distinguished the ET-15 clone within the ST-11 (ET-37) clonal complex. This resolution of isolates into genetic clones by MLST enhances the more traditional techniques of serotyping and serosubtyping. The data obtained established that hyperendemic meningococcal disease in Ireland could be attributed to strains belonging to four major hypervirulent clones, all of which account for elevated levels of disease worldwide. The extra information provided by MLST will be used to study the population structure and epidemiology of N. meningitidis and will allow a comparison of Irish strains with those circulating globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Murphy
- Irish Meningococcal and Meningitis Reference Laboratory, The Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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Aluwi NA, Gu B, Dhumal GS, Medina‐Meza IG, Murphy KM, Ganjyal GM. Impacts of Scarification and Degermination on the Expansion Characteristics of Select Quinoa Varieties during Extrusion Processing. J Food Sci 2016; 81:E2939-E2949. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Aluwi
- School of Food Science Washington State Univ Pullman Wash U.S.A
| | - Bon‐Jae Gu
- School of Food Science Washington State Univ Pullman Wash U.S.A
| | | | | | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State Univ Pullman Wash U.S.A
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McCarthy NA, Kennedy D, Hogan SA, Kelly PM, Thapa K, Murphy KM, Fenelon MA. Emulsification properties of pea protein isolate using homogenization, microfluidization and ultrasonication. Food Res Int 2016; 89:415-421. [PMID: 28460933 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pea protein isolate (PPI) is used in many food formulations, due to its low cost, commercial availability and excellent amino acid profile. The objective of this study was to determine the emulsification properties of PPI. Particle size of PPI powders showed neither temperature (25-65°C) nor time (up to 24h) increased solubilisation of powder particles during mixing. Heating PPI dispersions (10%, w/w, protein) from 45 to 90°C led to an increase in storage modulus (G'; Pa) at 71°C, indicating the onset of protein aggregation. Gel formation occurred at 79°C (G'>1Pa). Pea protein-stabilised emulsions made using homogenization (15MPa; 1 pass) or microfluidization (50MPa; 1 pass) resulted in the formation of cold-set gels, with gel strength increasing with increasing oil concentration and fluidic pressure. Droplet size and viscosity of pea protein-stabilised emulsions decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing ultrasonication time. Overall, ultrasonication (<50°C) can create a uniform droplet size emulsion, while, homogenization and microfluidization can produce cold-set gels for use in a wide-range of food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel A McCarthy
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Kennedy
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Philip M Kelly
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Krishtina Thapa
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark A Fenelon
- Food Chemistry & Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Kowalski RJ, Medina-Meza IG, Thapa BB, Murphy KM, Ganjyal GM. Extrusion processing characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) var. Cherry Vanilla. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murphy KM, Mash R, Malan Z. The case for behavioural change counselling for the prevention of NCDs and improvement of self-management of chronic conditions. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1187885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Murphy KM, Bazile D, Kellogg J, Rahmanian M. Development of a Worldwide Consortium on Evolutionary Participatory Breeding in Quinoa. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:608. [PMID: 27242815 PMCID: PMC4860605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa is gaining global importance due to its excellent protein quality and tolerance of abiotic stresses. The last 60 years have seen major strides in the expansion of quinoa crop production and experimentation. Quinoa's wide genetic diversity has led to its agronomic versatility and adaptation to different soil types, particularly saline soils, and environments with extremely variable conditions in terms of humidity, altitude, and temperature. The potential of quinoa to contribute to global food security was recognized in 2013 in the declaration of the International Year of Quinoa (IYQ). Promoting the use of improved homogeneous quinoa varieties standardized to comply with applicable norms on seeds or suited to intensified conventional agriculture farming systems may not generate the necessary resilience needed to respond to current and future global challenges. Maintaining and increasing quinoa biodiversity is imperative, as the dynamics of the global expansion of quinoa may constitute a threat to farmers if the spread is generated with a narrow genetic base. In this article, we propose that the method of evolutionary participatory breeding could be a useful tool to develop new quinoa genetic material in cooperation with farmers. We introduce preliminary results on quinoa population development with farmers in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. We conclude that a global collaborative network on quinoa (GCN-Quinoa) could be the baseline for participatory plant breeding programs originating in developing or developed countries to meet the needs of farmers across a diversity of agronomic systems and a wide range of physical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
- *Correspondence: Kevin M. Murphy,
| | - Didier Bazile
- Unité Propre de Recherche Gestion des Ressources Renouvelables et Environnement, Department of Environment and Societies, French Agricultural Research and International Cooperation OrganizationMontpellier, France
| | - Julianne Kellogg
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, PullmanWA, USA
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Wu G, Peterson AJ, Morris CF, Murphy KM. Quinoa Seed Quality Response to Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Salinity. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:790. [PMID: 27375648 PMCID: PMC4891947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an Andean crop with an edible seed that both contains high protein content and provides high quality protein with a balanced amino acid profile in embryonic tissues. Quinoa is a halophyte adapted to harsh environments with highly saline soil. In this study, four quinoa varieties were grown under six salinity treatments and two levels of fertilization, and then evaluated for quinoa seed quality characteristics, including protein content, seed hardness, and seed density. Concentrations of 8, 16, and 32 dS m(-1) of NaCl and Na2SO4, were applied to the soil medium across low (1 g N, 0.29 g P, 0.29 g K per pot) and high (3 g N, 0.85 g P, 0.86 g K per pot) fertilizer treatments. Seed protein content differed across soil salinity treatments, varieties, and fertilization levels. Protein content of quinoa grown under salinized soil ranged from 13.0 to 16.7%, comparable to that from non-saline conditions. NaCl and Na2SO4 exhibited different impacts on protein content. Whereas the different concentrations of NaCl did not show differential effects on protein content, the seed from 32 dS m(-1) Na2SO4 contained the highest protein content. Seed hardness differed among varieties, and was moderately influenced by salinity level (P = 0.09). Seed density was affected significantly by variety and Na2SO4 concentration, but was unaffected by NaCl concentration. The samples from 8 dS m(-1) Na2SO4 soil had lower density (0.66 g/cm(3)) than those from 16 dS m(-1) and 32 dS m(-1) Na2SO4, 0.74 and 0.72g/cm(3), respectively. This paper identifies changes in critical seed quality traits of quinoa as influenced by soil salinity and fertility, and offers insights into variety response and choice across different abiotic stresses in the field environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Wu
- School of Food Science, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Adam J. Peterson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Craig F. Morris
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service-Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- *Correspondence: Kevin M. Murphy,
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Haddad MR, Patel KD, Sullivan PH, Goldstein DS, Murphy KM, Centeno JA, Kaler SG. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Mottled-dappled, an embryonic lethal Menkes disease mouse model. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:294-300. [PMID: 25456742 PMCID: PMC4259894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mottled-dappled (Mo-dp) is a mouse model of Menkes disease caused by a large, previously uncharacterized deletion in the 5' region of Atp7a, the mouse ortholog of ATP7A. Affected mutants die in utero at embryonic day 17, and show bending and thickening of the ribs and distortion of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and limbs. To characterize this allele, we designed a custom 4x180K microarray on the mouse X chromosome and performed comparative genomic hybridization using extracted DNA from normal and carrier Mo-dp females, and identified an approximately 9 kb deletion. We used PCR to fine-map the breakpoints and amplify a junction fragment of 630 bp. Sequencing of the junction fragment disclosed the exact breakpoint locations and that the Mo-dp deletion is precisely 8990 bp, including approximately 2 kb in the promoter region of Atp7a. Western blot analysis of Mo-dp heterozygous brains showed diminished amounts of Atp7a protein, consistent with reduced expression due to the promoter region deletion on one allele. In heterozygous females, brain copper levels tended to be lower compared to wild type whereas neurochemical analyses revealed higher dihydroxyphenylacetic acid:dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPAC:DHPG) and dopamine:norepinephrine (DA:NE) ratios compared to normal (P=0.002 and 0.029, respectively), consistent with partial deficiency of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, a copper-dependent enzyme. Heterozygous females showed no significant differences in body weight compared to wild type females. Our results delineate the molecular details of the Mo-dp mutation for the first time and define novel biochemical findings in heterozygous female carriers of this allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Reine Haddad
- Section on Translational Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Keyur D Patel
- Section on Translational Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Patricia H Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Joint Pathology Center, Malcolm Grow Medical Clinic, Andrews Air Force Base, Camp Springs, MD 20762, USA.
| | - Jose A Centeno
- Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Joint Pathology Center, Malcolm Grow Medical Clinic, Andrews Air Force Base, Camp Springs, MD 20762, USA.
| | - Stephen G Kaler
- Section on Translational Neuroscience, Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Texture differences of cooked quinoa were studied among 13 different varieties. Correlations between the texture parameters and seed composition, seed characteristics, cooking quality, flour pasting properties, and flour thermal properties were determined. The results showed that texture of cooked quinoa was significantly differed among varieties. 'Black,' 'Cahuil,' and 'Red Commercial' yielded harder texture, while '49ALC,' '1ESP,' and 'Col.#6197' showed softer texture. '49ALC,' '1ESP,' 'Col.#6197,' and 'QQ63' were more adhesive, while other varieties were not sticky. The texture profile correlated to physical--chemical properties in different ways. Protein content was positively correlated with all the texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters. Seed hardness was positively correlated with TPA hardness, gumminess, and chewiness at P ≤ 0.09. Seed density was negatively correlated with TPA hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, whereas seed coat proportion was positively correlated with these TPA parameters. Increased cooking time of quinoa was correlated with increased hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The water uptake ratio was inversely related to TPA hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Rapid Visco Analyzer peak viscosity was negatively correlated with the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (P < 0.07); breakdown was also negatively correlated with those TPA parameters (P < 0.09); final viscosity and setback were negatively correlated with the hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness (P < 0.05); setback was correlated with the adhesiveness as well (r = -0.63, P = 0.02). Onset gelatinization temperature (To ) was significantly positively correlated with all the texture profile parameters, and peak temperature (Tp ) was moderately correlated with cohesiveness, whereas neither conclusion temperature (Tc ) nor enthalpy correlated with the texture of cooked quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Wu
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
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Rustgi S, Matanguihan J, Mejías JH, Gemini R, Brew-Appiah RAT, Wen N, Osorio C, Ankrah N, Murphy KM, von Wettstein D. Assessment of genetic diversity among barley cultivars and breeding lines adapted to the US Pacific Northwest, and its implications in breeding barley for imidazolinone-resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100998. [PMID: 24967712 PMCID: PMC4072767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive application of imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides had a significant impact on barley productivity contributing to a continuous decline in its acreage over the last two decades. A possible solution to this problem is to transfer IMI-resistance from a recently characterized mutation in the 'Bob' barley AHAS (acetohydroxy acid synthase) gene to other food, feed and malting barley cultivars. We focused our efforts on transferring IMI-resistance to barley varieties adapted to the US Pacific Northwest (PNW), since it comprises ∼23% (335,000 ha) of the US agricultural land under barley production. To effectively breed for IMI-resistance, we studied the genetic diversity among 13 two-rowed spring barley cultivars/breeding-lines from the PNW using 61 microsatellite markers, and selected six barley genotypes that showed medium to high genetic dissimilarity with the 'Bob' AHAS mutant. The six selected genotypes were used to make 29-53 crosses with the AHAS mutant and a range of 358-471 F1 seeds were obtained. To make informed selection for the recovery of the recipient parent genome, the genetic location of the AHAS gene was determined and its genetic nature assessed. Large F2 populations ranging in size from 2158-2846 individuals were evaluated for herbicide resistance and seedling vigor. Based on the results, F3 lines from the six most vigorous F2 genotypes per cross combination were evaluated for their genetic background. A range of 20%-90% recovery of the recipient parent genome for the carrier chromosome was observed. An effort was made to determine the critical dose of herbicide to distinguish between heterozygotes and homozygotes for the mutant allele. Results suggested that the mutant can survive up to the 10× field recommended dose of herbicide, and the 8× and 10× herbicide doses can distinguish between the two AHAS mutant genotypes. Finally, implications of this research in sustaining barley productivity in the PNW are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janet Matanguihan
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jaime H. Mejías
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Vilcún, Chile
| | - Richa Gemini
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rhoda A. T. Brew-Appiah
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nuan Wen
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Claudia Osorio
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nii Ankrah
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Centre for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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Pitino A, Squillaci S, Spairani C, Cosimi MF, Feyles E, Ricci D, Bardari F, Graziano M, Morabito F, Cesarani F, Garruso M, Belletti M, Beierl K, Murphy KM. Primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney. A case report with pathologic appraisal investigation and literature review. Pathologica 2011; 103:271-278. [PMID: 22393682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a soft tissue neoplasm with clearly defined histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features that usually arises in the extremities of young adults. The occurrence of these tumors in the kidney is extremely rare and have been prevalently described in case reports. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the frequency of primary renal synovial sarcomas and the pathologic progression in recognition of this possibly under-diagnosed entity. A comprehensive review of the literature has also been performed with a focus on survival. We report the clinico-pathological features of an intrarenal SS occurring in a 67-year-old man. The tumour, measuring 4 cm in its greatest diameter, completely replaced the cortex and the medulla of the inferior region of the left kidney compressing the iliopsoas muscle. Radiological imaging was consistent with a renal cell carcinoma. Histologically, the tumour was composed of atypical monotonous vimentin+, CD99+, bcl-2+ spindle cells exhibiting a haphazard fascicular growth pattern and a high mitotic rate (3 to 5 mitoses per HPF). The diagnosis was supported by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction which demonstrated SYT-SSX2 gene fusion. The patient was alive with local recurrence of disease 24 months after surgery. Synovial sarcomas occurring in the kidney, in analogy to other sites, tend to have an aggressive biologic behaviour. Despite being extremely uncommon, with only 44 cases reported to date, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant spindle cell tumours of the kidney. This study also emphasizes the importance of a correct pathologic diagnosis for prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pitino
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, San Giacomo Hospital, Novi Ligure, AL, Italy
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Meng L, Lu L, Murphy KM, Yuede CM, Cheverud JM, Csernansky JG, Dong H. Neuroanatomic and behavioral traits for autistic disorders in age-specific restricted index selection mice. Neuroscience 2011; 189:215-22. [PMID: 21624435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism is believed to be influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors, and appropriate animal models are needed to assess the influence of such factors on relevant neurodevelopmental phenotypes. A set of inbred mouse strains (Atchley strains) including A12 (E+L0) and A22 (E-L0) were generated by age-specific restricted index selection from a baseline random-bred ICR mouse population obtained from Harlan Sprague-Dawley [Atchley et al. (1997) Genetics 146(2):629-640; Indianapolis, IN, USA). As compared with the A22 strain, A12 mice had significantly increased early (P0-P10) body weight gain with minimal changes in late (P28-P56) body weight gain. We found that these strains also differed in brain weight, brain volume, cell proliferation, and FGF-2 levels in certain brain regions. Specifically, brain weight and volume were significantly greater in A12 mice than that in A22 mice at P10 and P28. Quantitative analysis of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling of proliferating cells showed that the number of BrdU-positive cells in the A12 strain were significantly greater in the frontal cortex and lesser in the dentate gyrus than that in the A22 strain at P28. Western blot revealed that fibroblast growth factors-2 (FGF-2), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), expression was significantly increased in the frontal cortex of A12 strain at P28. Also, A12 mice exhibited decreased intra-strain social interaction and increased repetitive stereotyped behaviors at P28. Our study suggests that A12 mice may partially mimic the anatomic and behavioral traits of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, and therefore may yield insights into the developmental mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Common bunt, caused by the seedborne and soilborne pathogens Tilletia caries and T. laevis, has re-emerged as a major disease in organic wheat. In conventional agriculture, common bunt is routinely managed with the use of synthetic chemical seed treatments. For this reason, common bunt is a relatively unimportant disease in conventional agriculture. However, since synthetic chemical inputs are prohibited in organic agriculture, common bunt is a major threat once more in organic wheat and seed production. The challenge today is to manage the disease without the use of chemical seed treatments. This review reports on the management of common bunt under organic farming systems, mainly through host resistance and organic seed treatments. We report the history of screening wheat germplasm for bunt resistance, the search for new sources of resistance, and identification and mapping of bunt resistance genes. Since the pathogen has a gene-for-gene relationship with the host, this review also includes a summary of work on pathogen race identification and virulence patterns of field isolates. Also included are studies on the physiological and molecular basis of host resistance. Alternative seed treatments are discussed, including physical seed treatments, and microbial-based and plant-based treatments acceptable in organic systems. The article concludes with a brief discussion on the current gaps in research on the management of common bunt in organic wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S S Jones
- Washington State University, Mount Vernon
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Yoon HH, Catalano P, Gibson MK, Skaar TC, Philips S, Montgomery EA, Hafez MJ, Powell M, Liu G, Forastiere AA, Benson AB, Kleinberg LR, Murphy KM. Genetic variation in radiation and platinum pathways predicts severe acute radiation toxicity in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with cisplatin-based preoperative radiochemotherapy: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:863-70. [PMID: 21286719 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline genetic variations may partly explain the clinical observation that normal tissue tolerance to radiochemotherapy varies by individual. Our objective was to evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in radiation/platinum pathways and serious treatment-related toxicity in subjects with esophageal adenocarcinoma who received cisplatin-based preoperative radiochemotherapy. METHODS In a multicenter clinical trial (E1201), 81 eligible treatment-naïve subjects with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma received cisplatin-based chemotherapy concurrent with radiotherapy, with planned subsequent surgical resection. Toxicity endpoints were defined as grade ≥3 radiation-related or myelosuppressive events probably or definitely related to therapy, occurring during or up to 6 weeks following the completion of radiochemotherapy. SNPs were analyzed in 60 subjects in pathways related to nucleotide/base excision- or double stranded break repair, or platinum influx, efflux, or detoxification. RESULTS Grade ≥3 radiation-related toxicity (mostly dysphagia) and myelosuppression occurred in 18 and 33% of subjects, respectively. The variant alleles of the XRCC2 5' flanking SNP (detected in 28% of subjects) and of GST-Pi Ile-105-Val (detected in 65% of subjects) were each associated with higher odds of serious radiation-related toxicity compared to the major allele homozygote (47% vs. 9%, and 31% vs. 0%, respectively; P = 0.005). No SNP was associated with myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS This novel finding in a well-characterized cohort with robust endpoint data supports further investigation of XRCC2 and GST-Pi as potential predictors of radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Yoon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Murphy KM, Teakle DS, Macrae IC. Kinetics of Colonization of Adult Queensland Fruit Flies (Bactrocera tryoni) by Dinitrogen-Fixing Alimentary Tract Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 60:2508-17. [PMID: 16349328 PMCID: PMC201677 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.7.2508-2517.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The average total population of bacteria remained constant in the alimentary tracts of adult laboratory-raised Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni) although the insects had ingested large numbers of live bacteria as part of their diet. The mean number of bacteria (about 13 million) present in the gut of the insects from 12 to 55 days after emergence was not significantly modified when, at 5 days after emergence, the flies were fed antibiotic-resistant bacteria belonging to two species commonly isolated from the gut of field-collected B. tryoni. Flies were fed one marked dinitrogen-fixing strain each of either Klebsiella oxytoca or Enterobacter cloacae, and the gastrointestinal tracts of fed flies were shown to be colonized within 7 days by antibiotic-resistant isolates of K. oxytoca but not E. cloacae. The composition of the microbial population also appeared to be stable in that the distribution and frequency of bacterial taxa among individual flies exhibited similar patterns whether or not the flies had been bacteria fed. Isolates of either E. cloacae or K. oxytoca, constituting 70% of the total numbers, were usually dominant, with oxidative species including pseudomonads forming the balance of the population. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria could be spread from one cage of flies to the adjacent surfaces of a second cage within a few days and had reached a control group several meters distant by 3 weeks. Restriction of marked bacteria to the population of one in five flies sampled from the control group over the next 30 days suggested that the bacterial population in the gut of the insect was susceptible to alteration in the first week after emergence but that thereafter it entered a steady state and was less likely to be perturbed by the introduction of newly encountered strains. All populations sampled, including controls, included at least one isolate of the dinitrogen-fixing family Enterobacteriaceae; many were distinct from the marked strains fed to the flies. Nitrogenase activity detected by the acetylene reduction assay was associated with flies fed dinitrogen-fixing bacteria as well as with control groups given either no supplement or free access to a yeast hydrolysate preparation. Nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere may supplement the nutrition of the alimentary tract microbial population of B. tryoni. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the principal site of bacterial colonization in the abdominal alimentary tract was the lumen of the midgut inside the peritrophic membrane. No intracellular symbionts were seen in the gut tissues nor were bacteria found attached to the cuticular folds of the hindgut. The ultrastructure of the gut resembled that of other fly genera except that the intercellular spaces between rectal epithelial cells were more extensive, suggesting a role for unspecialized epithelium in water and solute uptake in B. tryoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Murphy
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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O'Connell MP, Eogan M, Murphy KM, White B, Keane DP, O'Donnell J. Solvent–detergent plasma as replacement therapy in a pregnant patient with factor V deficiency. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 16:69-70. [PMID: 15370088 DOI: 10.1080/14767050412331284408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This case illustrates the successful treatment of factor V deficiency in pregnancy using solvent-detergent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P O'Connell
- Department of Obstetrics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Truong W, Plester JC, Hancock WW, Merani S, Murphy TL, Murphy KM, Kaye J, Anderson CC, Shapiro AMJ. Combined coinhibitory and costimulatory modulation with anti-BTLA and CTLA4Ig facilitates tolerance in murine islet allografts. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:2663-74. [PMID: 17983390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Complex interactions between positive and negative cosignaling receptors ultimately determine the fate of the immune response. The recently identified coinhibitory receptor, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), contributes to regulation of autoimmune and potentially alloimmune responses. We investigated the role of BTLA in a fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mouse islet transplant model. We report that anti-BTLA mAb (6F7) alone does not accelerate graft rejection. Rather, while CTLA4Ig alone improved allograft survival, the addition of anti-BTLA mAb to CTLA4Ig led to indefinite (>100 days) allograft survival. Immediately after treatment with anti-BTLA mAb and CTLA4Ig, islet allografts showed intact islets and insulin production despite a host cellular response, with local accumulation of Foxp3+ cells. We clearly demonstrate that combined therapy with anti-BTLA mAb and CTLA4Ig mice induced donor-specific tolerance, since mice accepted a second donor-specific islet graft without further treatment and rejected third party grafts. CTLA4Ig and anti-BTLA mAb limited the initial in vivo proliferation of CFSE-labeled allogeneic lymphocytes, and anti-BTLA mAb enhanced the proportion of PD-1 expressing T cells while depleting pathogenic BTLA+ lymphocytes. We conclude that targeting the BTLA pathway in conjunction with CTLA4Ig costimulatory blockade may be a useful strategy for promoting immunological tolerance in murine islet allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Truong
- The Surgical Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Olivry T, Paps JS, Bizikova P, Murphy KM, Jackson HA, Zebala J. A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low-dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:1040-2. [PMID: 17714562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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