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Sedhom YSA, Rabie HA, Awaad HA, Alomran MM, ALshamrani SM, Mansour E, Ali MMA. Genetic Potential of Newly Developed Maize Hybrids under Different Water-Availability Conditions in an Arid Environment. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:453. [PMID: 38672723 PMCID: PMC11051332 DOI: 10.3390/life14040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought is a crucial environmental stress that tremendously impacts maize production, particularly under abrupt climate changes. Consequently, breeding drought-tolerant and high-yielding maize hybrids has become decisive in sustaining its production and ensuring global food security under the global fast-growing population. The present study aimed to explore drought tolerance and agronomic performance of newly developed maize inbred lines and their hybrids. Ten newly developed maize inbred lines were crossed with two high-yielding testers using a line × tester mating design. The developed twenty hybrids alongside two high-yielding commercial hybrids were evaluated under water-deficit (5411 m3/ha) and well-watered (7990 m3/ha) conditions in dry summer climate conditions. Highly significant variations were detected among the evaluated hybrids for all studied agronomic traits under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. The inbred lines L10 and L6 were particularly notable, demonstrating the most significant negative general combining ability (GCA) effects for earliness, which is crucial for stress avoidance in both environmental settings. Inbred lines L11, L7, L6, and L1 also showed the highest positive and most significant GCA effects for key yield traits, indicating their potential as parents in breeding programs. The crosses L-10×T-1 and L-6×T-2 were outstanding for their heterotic effects on earliness in days to tasseling and silking. Similarly, the crosses L-4×T-2 and L-1×T-1 excelled in plant and ear heights under both irrigation regimes. The hybrids L-1×T-2 and L-7×T-1 demonstrated superior heterosis for chlorophyll content, number of rows per ear, and overall grain yield. Additionally, hybrids L-11×T-1 and L-11×T-2 exhibited remarkable heterotic effects for the number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield, highlighting their potential in breeding for productivity. Based on drought tolerance indices and cluster analysis, the cross combinations L-11×T-1, L-11×T-2, L-7×T-1, and L-1×T-2 were classified as the most drought-tolerant crosses. The principal component analysis highlighted traits such as days to tasseling, days to silking, chlorophyll content, plant height, ear height, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, and 100-kernel weight can be taken as selection criteria for improving grain yield in maize breeding programs under limited water conditions. Based on the summarized results, the identified genetic materials could be considered promising under both conditions and hold potential for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youstina S. A. Sedhom
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (Y.S.A.S.); (H.A.R.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Hassan A. Rabie
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (Y.S.A.S.); (H.A.R.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Hassan A. Awaad
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (Y.S.A.S.); (H.A.R.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Maryam M. Alomran
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha M. ALshamrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (Y.S.A.S.); (H.A.R.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed M. A. Ali
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (Y.S.A.S.); (H.A.R.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
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Alshegaihi RM. The complete chloroplast genome of the halophyte flowering plant Suaeda monoica from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:60. [PMID: 38165474 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome (plastome) of the annual flowering halophyte herb Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel. family (Amaranthaceae) that grows in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was identified for the first time in this study. Suaeda monoica is a medicinal plant species whose taxonomic classification remains controversial. Further, studying the species is useful for current conservation and management efforts. In the current study, the full chloroplast genome S. monoica was reassembled using whole-genome next-generation sequencing and compared with the previously published chloroplast genomes of Suaeda species. The chloroplast genome size of Suaeda monoica was 151,789 bp, with a single large copy of 83,404 bp, a small single copy of 18,007 bp and two inverted repeats regions of 25,189 bp. GC content in the whole genome was 36.4%. The cp genome included 87 genes that coded for proteins, 37 genes coding for tRNA, 8 genes coding for rRNA and one non-coding pseudogene. Five chloroplast genome features were compared between S. monoica and S. japonica, S. glauca, S. salsa, S. malacosperma and S. physophora. Among Suaeda genus and equal to most angiosperms chloroplast genomes, the RSCU values were conservative. Two pseudogenes (accD and ycf1), rpl16 intron and ndhF-rpl32 intergenic spacer, were highlighted as suitable DNA barcodes for different Suaeda species. Phylogenetic analyses show Suaeda cluster into three main groups; one in which S. monoica was closer to S. salsa. The obtained result provided valuable information on the characteristics of the S. monoica chloroplast genome and the phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Alshegaihi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Zannat A, Hussain MA, Md Abdullah AH, Hossain MI, Saifullah M, Safhi FA, Alshallash KS, Mansour E, ElSayed AI, Hossain MS. Exploring genotypic variability and interrelationships among growth, yield, and quality characteristics in diverse tomato genotypes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18958. [PMID: 37600404 PMCID: PMC10432218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is the most consumed vegetable crop worldwide, with excellent beneficial health properties and high content of vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, total antioxidants, and phenolic compounds. Hence, improving its genotypes is crucial to sustain its production and ensure food security, principally under the fast-growing worldwide population and abrupt global climate change. The present study aimed to explore the genotypic variability associated with specific characteristics in twenty-five diverse tomato genotypes. In addition, the relationships between growth, yield, and quality traits using both univariate (correlation coefficient, path analysis) and multivariate (principal component, principal coordinates, canonical variate) analysis methods were explored. The results indicated that the evaluated genotypes possessed highly significant variation. This is appropriate for future hybridization through tomato breeding programs. All evaluated genotypes demonstrated considerable potential to develop strong hybrid vigour for growth, yield, and quality characteristics. In particular, the genotypes LS009, LS011, and LS014 could be considered promising, high-yielding, and resistant to yellow leaf curl virus infestation (YLCV) disease parents for future breeding schemes. The number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, and fruit weight proved strong positive relationships with fruit yield. Accordingly, these characteristics demonstrate their importance in improving fruit yield and could be exploited as indirect criteria for selecting high-yielding tomato genotypes through breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arova Zannat
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Habib Md Abdullah
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hossain
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saifullah
- Natural Resources Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- College of Science and Humanities-Huraymila, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Md Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
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AL-Kahtani SN, Kamara MM, Taha EKA, El-Wakeil N, Aljabr A, Mousa KM. Combining Ability and Inheritance Nature of Agronomic Traits and Resistance to Pink Stem ( Sesamia cretica) and Purple-Lined ( Chilo agamemnon) Borers in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1105. [PMID: 36903963 PMCID: PMC10005691 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) purple-lined borer (PLB), Chilo agamemnon (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are considered the most devastating insect pests of maize production in the Mediterranean region. The frequent use of chemical insecticides has resulted in the evolution of resistance to various insect pests as well as the pernicious impact on natural enemies and environmental hazardousness. Therefore, developing resistant and high-yielding hybrids is the best economic and environmental approach to cope with these destructive insects. Accordingly, the objective of the study was to estimate the combining ability of maize inbred lines (ILs), identify promising hybrids, determine gene action controlling agronomic traits and resistance to PSB and PLB, and investigate inter-relationships among evaluated traits. A half-diallel mating design was employed to cross seven diverse maize inbreds to generate 21 F1 hybrids. The developed F1 hybrids, alongside high-yielding commercial check hybrid (SC-132), were assessed in field trials for two years under natural infestation. Substantial variations were obtained among the evaluated hybrids for all recorded characteristics. The non-additive gene action was major for grain yield and its contributing traits, while the additive gene action was more important in controlling the inheritance of PSB and PLB resistance. The inbred line IL1 was identified to be a good combiner for earliness and developing short-stature genotypes. Additionally, IL6 and IL7 were recognized as excellent combiners to enhance resistance to PSB, PLB and grain yield. The hybrid combinations IL1×IL6, IL3×IL6, and IL3×IL7 were determined to be excellent specific combiners for resistance to PSB, PLB and grain yield. Strong positive associations were identified among grain yield, its related traits, and resistance to PSB and PLB. This implies their importance as useful traits for indirect selection for improving grain yield. Otherwise, the resistance against PSB and PLB was negatively associated with the silking date, indicating that earliness would be favorable for escaping from the borer's attack. It could be concluded that the inheritance of PSB and PLB resistance can be governed by the additive gene effects, and the IL1×IL6, IL3×IL6, and IL3×IL7 hybrid combinations can be recommended as excellent combiners for resistance to PSB and PLB and good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad N. AL-Kahtani
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural Sciences & Foods, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - El-Kazafy A. Taha
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nabil El-Wakeil
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural Sciences & Foods, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljabr
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural Sciences & Foods, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareem M. Mousa
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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Abdelrahman M, Alharbi K, El-Denary ME, Abd El-Megeed T, Naeem ES, Monir S, Al-Shaye NA, Ammar MH, Attia K, Dora SA, Draz ASE. Detection of Superior Rice Genotypes and Yield Stability under Different Nitrogen Levels Using AMMI Model and Stability Statistics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2775. [PMID: 36297799 PMCID: PMC9611647 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture is a prerequisite for food and environmental security. Chemical fertilization, especially nitrogenous fertilization, is considered the most consumed for field crops. In rice crops, plants consume much less than half of the applied N-fertilizer. In the current investigation, multiple N environments were generated by applying different N doses of urea fertilizer to a permanent transplanted field for two successive summer growing seasons at the rice research and training center, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt. A set of 55 genotypes consisting of 25 Jabonica, 4 Tropical Japonica, 20 Indica, and 6 Indica/Japonica were transplanted under no N (0N), Low N (LN), medium N (MN), and High N (HN) (i.e., 0, 48, 96, and 165 Kg N ha-1, respectively). Highly significant differences were detected among the tested genotypes. AMMI analysis of variance revealed the existence of the genotype via nitrogen interaction (GNI) on yield performance. The GNI principal components (IPCA); IPCA1 and IPCA2 scores were significant and contributed values of 71.1 and 21.7%, respectively. The highest-ranked genotypes were MTU1010, IR22, SK2046, SK2058, IR66, and Yabani LuLu based on their grain yield means (30.7, 29.9, 29.5, 29.3, 28.8, and 28.5 g plant-1). These genotypes were grouped into the same subcluster (SCL) according to the stability analysis ranking matrix. Based on AMMI analysis and biplots, MTU1010 and Yabani LuLu showed yield stability across environments. Meanwhile, the which-won-where biplot showed that IR22 was superior under unfavorable N-levels and MTU1010 was stable across the different environments. These findings are considered to be of great importance to breeders for initiating low-nitrogen-input breeding programs for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat E. El-Denary
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Taher Abd El-Megeed
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Naeem
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Samah Monir
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Najla A. Al-Shaye
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megahed H. Ammar
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
| | - Kotb Attia
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said A. Dora
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33716, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Salam E. Draz
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt
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Abd El-hady MA, Abd-Elkrem YM, Rady MOA, Mansour E, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF, El-temsah ME. Impact on plant productivity under low-fertility sandy soil in arid environment by revitalization of lentil roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:937073. [PMID: 35991439 PMCID: PMC9386484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is one of the essential legume crops, which provides protein for humans and animals. This legume can improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, which is imperative in low-fertility soils. The growth and productivity of lentil could be enhanced through improving nutrition and root revitalization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of root activator (RA) and phosphorus (P) application on morphological, physiological, agronomic, and quality traits of lentil under newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil in an arid environment. The RA was applied at four levels of 0 (RA0-untreated control), 1.25 (RA1), 2.5 (RA2), and 3.75 (RA3) l ha-1. RA contained 9% potassium humate, 1,600 ppm indole butyric acid, 200 ppm gibberellic acid, and 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid. The recommended rate of phosphorus (P) fertilization in the newly reclaimed low-fertility sandy soil (75 kg P2O5 ha-1) was applied, and its amount was increased and decreased by 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 vs. non-added control. Thus, P rates were applied at four rates 0 (P0; control), 50 (P1), 75 (P2), and 100 (P3) kg phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ha-1. Our results revealed that treated lentil plants with the high levels of both treatments (RA3 and P3) exhibited superiority in root measurements (root length, total number of nodules plant-1, number of active nodules plant-1, dry weights of active nodules, and total root), nitrogenase activity, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, yield traits, and seed proteins and carbohydrates. However, the recommended P level (75 kg P2O5 ha-1, P2) under the high level of RA (3.75 l ha-1, RA3) displayed non-significant differences in yield traits (plant height, 1,000-seed weight, seed yield ha-1) and quality traits (protein and carbohydrate) with the high P level (100 kg P2O5 ha-1, P3). Accordingly, its recommended economically and environmentally to use this coapplication of RA3 and P3 in low-fertility soil for better lentil growth, and seed yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed O. A. Rady
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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