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Zhao X, Zhu Z, Sang Z, Ma L, Yin Q, Jia Z. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Demonstrate the Ca 2+-Mediated Alleviation of Salt Stress in Magnolia wufengensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2418. [PMID: 39273902 PMCID: PMC11396891 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Magnolia wufengensis, a newly discovered ornamental species in the Magnoliaceae family, is susceptible to salinity. Moreover, Ca2+ is an essential element for plant growth and is receiving increasing attention for its ability to mitigate the negative effects of environmental stress on plants. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ca2+ on the growth and transcriptome of M. wufengensis under salt stress. The treatments used here were as follows: control, NaCl (150 mmol/L), CaCl2 (5 mmol/L), and NaCl (150 mmol/L) + CaCl2 (5 mmol/L). After a 60-day treatment period, plant growth indices were determined, and leaves were collected for physiological analysis and transcriptome investigation. The combined application of NaCl and CaCl2 alleviated phenotypic damage and restored seedling growth. Moreover, RNA sequencing data revealed that in the Na vs. control group and the NaCa vs. Na group, there were 968 and 2632 differentially expressed genes, respectively, which were both primarily enriched in secondary metabolism, glutathione metabolism, signaling hormone metabolism, glucose metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These pathways were analyzed to screen key genes: the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G1 (ABCG1) genes, which are related to transmembrane transport; the calmodulin genes, which are related to signal transmission; and the glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and peroxidase (POD) genes related to antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, we constructed a hypothesis model of Ca2+-enhanced salt tolerance in M. wufengensis. This study reveals the potential mechanisms by which Ca2+ enhances the salt tolerance of M. wufengensis and provides a theoretical reference for its cultivation in saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- College of Agriculture, HuBei Three Gorges Polytechnic, Yichang 443199, China
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forest Science Research Institute of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Yichang 443400, China
| | - Luyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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El-Ghamry AM, El-Sherpiny MA, Alkharpotly AEA, Ghazi DA, Helmy AA, Siddiqui MH, Pessarakli M, Hossain MA, Elghareeb EM. The synergistic effects of organic composts and microelements co-application in enhancing potato productivity in saline soils. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32694. [PMID: 38988530 PMCID: PMC11233941 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major threat hindering the optimum growth, yield, and nutritional value of potato. The application of organic composts and micronutrients can effectively ameliorate the salinity-deleterious effects on potato growth and productivity. Herein, the combined effect of banana and soybean composts (BCo and SCo) application alongside foliar supplementation of boron (B), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), and titanium (Ti) were investigated for improving growth, physiology, and agronomical attributes of potato plants grown in saline alluvial soil. Salinity stress significantly reduced biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content, NPK concentrations, yield attributes, and tuber quality, while inducing malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes. Co-application of either BCo or SCo with trace elements markedly alleviated salinity-adverse effects on potato growth and productivity. These promotive effects were also associated with a significant reduction in malondialdehyde content and activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. The co-application of BCo and B/Se was the most effective among other treatments. Principle component analysis and heatmap also highlighted the efficacy of the co-application of organic composts and micronutrients in improving the salinity tolerance of potato plants. In essence, the co-application of BCo with B and Se can be adopted as a promising strategy for enhancing the productivity of potato crops in salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M. El-Ghamry
- Soil Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sherpiny
- Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, El-Gama St., Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Abd-Elbaset A. Alkharpotly
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, 81528, Egypt
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of desert and environmental agricultural, Matrouh University, 51511, Egypt
| | - Dina A. Ghazi
- Soil Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Helmy
- Soil Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Eman M. Elghareeb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Kanwal R, Maqsood MF, Shahbaz M, Naz N, Zulfiqar U, Ali MF, Jamil M, Khalid F, Ali Q, Sabir MA, Chaudhary T, Ali HM, Alsakkaf WAA. Exogenous ascorbic acid as a potent regulator of antioxidants, osmo-protectants, and lipid peroxidation in pea under salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:247. [PMID: 38575856 PMCID: PMC10996094 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.), a globally cultivated leguminous crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance, faces a critical challenge of soil salinity, which significantly hampers crop growth and production worldwide. A pot experiment was carried out in the Botanical Garden, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur to alleviate the negative impacts of sodium chloride (NaCl) on pea through foliar application of ascorbic acid (AsA). Two pea varieties Meteor (V1) and Sarsabz (V2) were tested against salinity, i.e. 0 mM NaCl (Control) and 100 mM NaCl. Three levels of ascorbic acid 0 (Control), 5 and 10 mM were applied through foliar spray. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) with three replicates. Salt stress resulted in the suppression of growth, photosynthetic activity, and yield attributes in pea plants. However, the application of AsA treatments effectively alleviated these inhibitory effects. Under stress conditions, the application of AsA treatment led to a substantial increase in chlorophyll a (41.1%), chl. b (56.1%), total chl. contents (44.6%) and carotenoids (58.4%). Under salt stress, there was an increase in Na+ accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the application of AsA increased the contents of proline (26.9%), endogenous AsA (23.1%), total soluble sugars (17.1%), total phenolics (29.7%), and enzymatic antioxidants i.e. SOD (22.3%), POD (34.1%) and CAT (39%) in both varieties under stress. Salinity reduced the yield attributes while foliarly applied AsA increased the pod length (38.7%), number of pods per plant (40%) and 100 seed weight (45.2%). To sum up, the application of AsA alleviated salt-induced damage in pea plants by enhancing photosynthetic pigments, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, maintaining ion homeostasis, and reducing excessive ROS accumulation through the limitation of lipid peroxidation. Overall, V2 (Sarsabz) performed better as compared to the V1 (Meteor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Kanwal
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fraz Ali
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Khalid
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem Sabir
- Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences 2100, Godollo, Hungary.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed A A Alsakkaf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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van den Burg S, Deolu-Ajayi AO, Nauta R, Cervi WR, van der Werf A, Poelman M, Wilbers GJ, Snethlage J, van Alphen M, van der Meer IM. Knowledge gaps on how to adapt crop production under changing saline circumstances in the Netherlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170118. [PMID: 38232830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Salinization, the increase and accumulation of salts in water and soil, impacts productivity of arable crops and is exacerbated by climate change. The Netherlands, like several other deltas and semi-arid regions, faces increasing salinization that negatively impacts agriculture and freshwater availability. Although a lot of salinity expertise exist in the Netherlands, several knowledge gaps on the impact of salinization in the Netherlands, as well as steps to facilitate closing this knowledge gaps to improve saline agriculture in the Netherlands, still exist. This review/opinion article moves beyond existing papers on salinization in bringing together various adaptation measures by thoroughly reviewing the measures through a triple P (People, Planet, Profit) lens. Five main salinity adaptation measures of the crop-soil-water continuum are 1) breeding and selection of salt tolerant varieties, 2) increased cultivation of halophytes, 3) soil management interventions, 4) use of biostimulants, and 5) irrigation techniques. These adaptation measures are described, discussed and analysed for their compliance to the sustainable development elements People, Planet and Profit. All five adaptation measures have potential positive impact on livelihood, contribute to food security and generate revenue but on the other hand, these measures may contribute to unwarranted changes of the ecosystem. The paper ends with a concluding chapter in which the bottlenecks and knowledge gaps that need resolving are identified based on the critical, including triple P, assessment of the discussed adaptation measures. Three key knowledge gaps on breeding, agronomy, environmental sciences and socioeconomics are identified with several approaches that lead to insights elucidated. Thereby informing on future research and action plans to optimize implementation of salinity adaptation measures in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander van den Burg
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ayodeji O Deolu-Ajayi
- Wageningen Plant Research, Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Reinier Nauta
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Rossi Cervi
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Adrie van der Werf
- Wageningen Plant Research, Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix Poelman
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 77, 4400 AB Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Wilbers
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judit Snethlage
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 47, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica van Alphen
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 29703, 2502 LS The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M van der Meer
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, P. O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R, Mangal V, Kumar A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Sagar V, Singh B. Salt stress influences the proliferation of Fusarium solani and enhances the severity of wilt disease in potato. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26718. [PMID: 38434015 PMCID: PMC10906416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress in potato production, whereas wilt disease, caused by Fusarium solani, is the significant biotic stress. An experiment was performed to decipher the occurrence of wilt incidence by F. solani FJ1 under the influence of salinity in both in vitroand pot culture conditions. High salt concentration negatively influenced root and shoot development in the variety "Kufri Jyoti" but positively affected the mycelial growth and sporulation behaviours of F. solani FJ1. There was abundant whitish mycelial growth with enhanced biomass and high sporulation (microconidia production) in F. solani FJ1 cultured on salt-supplemented media. Moreover, under high salinity conditions (EC 2-8 dS m-1), severe wilting and rotting of vascular bundles were observed in plants artificially inoculated with F. solani FJ1. The mortality rate of potato plants was significantly higher under individual and combined stresses as compared to control. The wilt index of individual and combined stressed plants was also substantially higher compared to the control. Additionally, compared to the control, there was a significant decrease in total chlorophyll content and membrane stability index of the leaves under combined stress. However, the total phenols were increased under stress conditions. The total sugar content of potato plants decreased in infected plants, but increased when exposed to salt stress or a combination of salt stress and pathogen infection. F. solani infection also increased the activity of peroxidase (POX) and decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that Fusarium wilt and dry rot will be a more severe disease for potato cultivation in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vikas Mangal
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
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Pecherina A, Dimitrieva A, Mudrilov M, Ladeynova M, Zanegina D, Brilkina A, Vodeneev V. Salt-Induced Early Changes in Photosynthesis Activity Caused by Root-to-Shoot Signaling in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1229. [PMID: 38279229 PMCID: PMC10816847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most dangerous types of stress in agriculture. Acting on the root, salinity causes changes in physiological processes in the shoot, especially photosynthesis, which is crucial for plant productivity. In our study, we used potato plants, the most important crop, to investigate the role of salt-induced signals in changes in photosynthesis activity. We found a salt-induced polyphasic decrease in photosynthesis activity, and the earliest phase started several minutes after salt addition. We found that salt addition triggered rapid hydraulic and calcium waves from root to shoot, which occurred earlier than the first phase of the photosynthesis response. The inhibition of calcium signals by lanthanum decreased with the formation of rapid changes in photosynthesis. In addition to this, a comparison of the characteristic times of signal propagation and the formation of a response revealed the role of calcium waves in the modulation of rapid changes in photosynthesis. Calcium waves are activated by the ionic component of salinity. The salt-induced decrease in transpiration corresponds in time to the second phase of the photosynthetic response, and it can be the cause of this change. The accumulation of sodium in the leaves occurs a few hours after salt addition, and it can be the cause of the long-term suppression of photosynthesis. Thus, salinity modulates photosynthetic activity in plants in different ways: both through the activation of rapid distant signals and by reducing the water input and sodium accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pecherina
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Anastasia Dimitrieva
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maxim Mudrilov
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Daria Zanegina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.D.); (M.M.); (M.L.)
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Kumawat G, Jakhar ML, Singh V, Singh J, Gothwal DK, Yadava DK. High throughput phenotyping of functional traits and key indices for selection of salt tolerant Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] genotypes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14178. [PMID: 38342492 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The current scanty knowledge about the salt tolerance mechanism underlying the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress hinders the potential production of numerous crops, including Indian mustard. To explore the traits and mechanism for salt tolerance, high throughput phenotyping of 250 stabilized F7:8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) mapping population of Indian mustard were conducted under control and salinity (ECiw 12 dS m-1 ) for 54 morpho-physio-seed-quality traits. Most of the traits were reduced with variable percentages under salt stress. The stress tolerance index (STI) of YPP showed a significant negative association with Na+ concentration of root (RNa), indicating that RILs with low Na+ concentration have high seed yield and a positive significant association with STI of yield-related traits, photosynthesis rate (Pn), intrinsic water use efficiency (inWUE), fresh weight of upper leaf (USFW), fresh weight of branches (BrFW), fresh weight of basal leaf (BLFW), and fresh weight of middle leaf (MLFW) revealed that by improving these traits seed yield per plant (YPP) was improved. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) of 54 STI and new index composite selection index (CSI), RILs viz., R114, R150, R164, R170, and R206 were identified as stable performers which can be exploited for quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/gene discovery and serve as potential donors to combat salt stress. Our research will serve to determine the relative importance of different functional traits of salt tolerance mechanisms that can be used to screen colossal germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Kumawat
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Rajasthan, India
- Livestock Feed Resource Management and Technology Centre, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Mohan Lal Jakhar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijayata Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Jogendra Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Gothwal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadava
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
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Rai GK, Mishra S, Chouhan R, Mushtaq M, Chowdhary AA, Rai PK, Kumar RR, Kumar P, Perez-Alfocea F, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Srivastava V, Gandhi SG. Plant salinity stress, sensing, and its mitigation through WRKY. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238507. [PMID: 37860245 PMCID: PMC10582725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity or salt stress has deleterious effects on plant growth and development. It imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses, including oxidative stress on the plants and is responsible for the reduction of overall crop productivity and therefore challenges global food security. Plants respond to salinity, by triggering homoeostatic mechanisms that counter salt-triggered disturbances in the physiology and biochemistry of plants. This involves the activation of many signaling components such as SOS pathway, ABA pathway, and ROS and osmotic stress signaling. These biochemical responses are accompanied by transcriptional modulation of stress-responsive genes, which is mostly mediated by salt-induced transcription factor (TF) activity. Among the TFs, the multifaceted significance of WRKY proteins has been realized in many diverse avenues of plants' life including regulation of plant stress response. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to highlight the significance of salinity in a global perspective, the mechanism of salt sensing in plants, and the contribution of WRKYs in the modulation of plants' response to salinity stress. This review will be a substantial tool to investigate this problem in different perspectives, targeting WRKY and offering directions to better manage salinity stress in the field to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Aksar Ali Chowdhary
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pradeep K. Rai
- Advance Center for Horticulture Research, Udheywala, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Jodhpur, India
| | - Francisco Perez-Alfocea
- Department of Nutrition, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura (CEBAS), of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
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Wang H, Li J, Liu H, Chen S, Zaman QU, Rehman M, El-Kahtany K, Fahad S, Deng G, Yang J. Variability in morpho-biochemical, photosynthetic pigmentation, enzymatic and quality attributes of potato for salinity stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108036. [PMID: 37738866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress has emerged as a growing global concern, exerting a significant impact on agricultural productivity. The challenges of salt stress on potatoes are crucial for ensuring food security and sustainable agriculture. To address this issue a pot trial was executed to evaluate the impacts of NaCl in the soil on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and quality attributes of potato, plants were grown in soil spiked with various concentrations of NaCl (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 g kg-1 of soil). Results revealed that salt stress have negative impacts on the growth, biomass, photosynthesis and quality attributes of potato. Lower level of salt stress 1 g kg-1 of soil improved the fresh and dry biomass of leaves (78.70 and 47.74%) and tubers (86.04 and 88.92%) as compared to control, respectively. Higher levels of salt stress (7 g kg-1) increased lipid peroxidation in leaves and improved the enzymatic antioxidants. It was observed that enzyme activities i.e., SOD (134.97%), POD (101.02%), and CAT (28.87%) increased in leaves and are inversely related to the NaCl concentration. The combination of reduction in chlorophyll contents and soluble sugars resulted in lower levels of quality attributes i.e., amylose (68.90%) and amylopectin (16.70%) of potato. Linear relationship in growth, biomass and physiological attributes showed the strong association with increased salt stress. Furthermore, the PCA-heatmap synergy offers identifying clusters of co-regulated attributes, which pinpoint the physiological responses that exhibit the strongest correlation with increasing salt stress levels. Findings indicate that potato can be grown successfully with (1 g kg-1 of NaCl in soil) without negative impacts on plant quality. Furthermore, this study contributes valuable insights into the complexities of salt stress on potato plants and provides a foundation for developing strategies to enhance their resilience in salt-affected environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Qamar Uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Khaled El-Kahtany
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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10
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Han X, Yang R, Zhang L, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y. A Review of Potato Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10726. [PMID: 37445900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato is the world's fourth largest food crop. Due to limited arable land and an ever-increasing demand for food from a growing population, it is critical to increase crop yields on existing acreage. Soil salinization is an increasing problem that dramatically impacts crop yields and restricts the growing area of potato. One possible solution to this problem is the development of salt-tolerant transgenic potato cultivars. In this work, we review the current potato planting distribution and the ways in which it overlaps with salinized land, in addition to covering the development and utilization of potato salt-tolerant cultivars. We also provide an overview of the current progress toward identifying potato salt tolerance genes and how they may be deployed to overcome the current challenges facing potato growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiaorong Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yazhi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Shi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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11
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Laksana C, Sophiphun O, Chanprame S. In vitro and in vivo screening for the identification of salt-tolerant sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) clones: molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses to salt stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103655. [PMID: 37213693 PMCID: PMC10193298 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is a glycophyte whose growth and yield can be negatively affected by salt stress. As the arable lands with potential saline soils expand annually, the increase of salt-tolerance in sugarcane cultivars is highly desired. We, herein, employed in vitro and in vivo conditions in order to screen sugarcane plants for salt tolerance at the cellular and at the whole plant levels. Calli of sugarcane cv. Khon Kaen 3 (KK3) were selected after culturing in selective media containing various NaCl concentrations, and regenerated plants were then reselected after culturing in selective media containing higher NaCl concentrations. The surviving plants were finally selected after an exposure to 254 mM NaCl under greenhouse conditions. A total of 11 sugarcane plants survived the selection process. Four plants that exhibited tolerance to the four different salt concentrations applied during the aforementioned screening process were then selected for the undertaking of further molecular, biochemical, and physiological studies. The construction of a dendrogram has revealed that the most salt-tolerant plant was characterized by the lowest genetic similarity to the original cultivar. The relative expression levels of six genes (i.e., SoDREB, SoNHX1, SoSOS1, SoHKT, SoBADH, and SoMIPS) were found to be significantly higher in the salt-tolerance clones than those measured in the original plant. The measured proline levels, the glycine betaine content, the relative water content, the SPAD unit, the contents of chlorophyll a and b, as well as the K+/Na+ ratios of the salt-tolerant clones were also found to be significantly higher than those of the original plant.When the salt-tolerant clones were grown in a low saline soil, they exhibited a higher Brix percentage than that of the original cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanakan Laksana
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus, Sakaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Onsulang Sophiphun
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus, Sakaeo 27160, Thailand
| | - Sontichai Chanprame
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, 73140,Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Sanwal SK, Kesh H, Kumar A, Dubey BK, Khar A, Rouphael Y, Kumar P. Salt Tolerance Potential in Onion: Confirmation through Physiological and Biochemical Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3325. [PMID: 36501363 PMCID: PMC9739851 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Production of many crops, including onion, under salinity is lagging due to limited information on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant onion genotypes based on physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with their differential responses. Thirty-six accessions were evaluated under control and salt stress conditions, and based on growth and bulb yield. Results revealed that plant height (6.07%), number of leaves per plant (3.07%), bulb diameter (11.38%), bulb yield per plant (31.24%), and total soluble solids (8.34%) were reduced significantly compared to control. Based on percent bulb yield reduction, seven varieties were classified as salt tolerant (with <20% yield reduction), seven as salt-sensitive (with >40% yield reduction) and the remaining as moderately tolerant (with 20 to 40% yield reduction). Finally, seven salt-tolerant and seven salt-sensitive accessions were selected for detailed study of their physiological and biochemical traits and their differential responses under salinity. High relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline content (PRO), and better antioxidants such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in tolerant accessions, viz. POS35, NHRDF Red (L-28), GWO 1, POS36, NHRDF Red-4 (L-744), POS37, and POS38. Conversely, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, reduced activity of antioxidants, more membrane injury, and high Na+/K+ ratio were observed in sensitive accessions, viz. ALR, GJWO 3, Kalyanpur Red Round, NHRDF Red-3 (L-652), Agrifound White, and NHRDF (L-920). Stepwise regression analysis identified bulb diameter), plant height, APX, stomatal conductance (gS), POX, CAT, MDA, MSI, and bulb Na+/K+ ratio as predictor traits accounting for maximum variation in bulb yield under salinity. The identified seven salt-tolerant varieties can be used in future onion breeding programs for developing tolerant genotypes for salt-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Kesh
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Bhanu Kumar Dubey
- National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Anil Khar
- ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
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