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Lin ZR, Bao MY, Xiong HM, Cao D, Bai LP, Zhang W, Chen CY, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Boswellianols A-I, Structurally Diverse Diterpenoids from the Oleo-Gum Resin of Boswellia carterii and Their TGF- β Inhibition Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1074. [PMID: 38674483 PMCID: PMC11054202 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Olibanum, a golden oleo-gum resin from species in the Boswellia genus (Burseraceae family), is a famous traditional herbal medicine widely used around the world. Previous phytochemical studies mainly focused on the non-polar fractions of olibanum. In this study, nine novel diterpenoids, boswellianols A-I (1-9), and three known compounds were isolated from the polar methanolic fraction of the oleo-gum resin of Boswellia carterii. Their structures were determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis as well as experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data comparison. Compound 1 is a novel diterpenoid possessing an undescribed prenylmaaliane-type skeleton with a 6/6/3 tricyclic system. Compounds 2-4 were unusual prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenoids, and compounds 5-9 were new highly oxidized cembrane-type diterpenoids. Compounds 1 and 5 showed significant transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) inhibitory activity via inhibiting the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and the expression of fibronectin and N-cadherin (the biomarker of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition) in a dose-dependent manner in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells, indicating that compounds 1 and 5 should be potential anti-fibrosis agents. These findings give a new insight into the chemical constituents of the polar fraction of olibanum and their inhibitory activities on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Meng-Yu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Hao-Ming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Dai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Jiaheng Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; (Z.-R.L.); (M.-Y.B.); (H.-M.X.); (D.C.); (L.-P.B.); (W.Z.)
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Yan X, Ma X, Dai D, Yan X, Han X, Bao X, Xie Q. Potent pigmentation inhibitory activity of incensole-enriched frankincense volatile oil-identification, efficacy and mechanism. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:244-255. [PMID: 37430475 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frankincense volatile oil (FVO) has long been considered a side product in pharmaceutical industry since frankincense of large molecular weight is the prime target. However, the volatile oil recycled in the extract process might contain a series of functional actives, serving as promising ingredients in the cosmetic field. METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was utilized to determine the species and amount of active ingredients in FVO. Subsequently, zebrafish models were used to evaluate pigmentation inhibition, ROS elimination and neutrophil activation. In vitro DPPH test was also conducted to consolidate the anti-oxidation efficacy. Based on the test results, network pharmacology was incorporated, where GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to discover the interrelations between active ingredients. RESULTS About 40 actives molecules were identified, including incensole, acetate incensole, and acetate incensole oxide. The FVO demonstrated great depigmentation activity by suppressing melanin synthesis, as well as providing free radical scavenging and anti-inflammation effect. In network pharmacology analysis, 192 intersected targets were identified. By enrichment analysis and network construction, a series of whitening signal pathways, and hub genes, containing STAT3,MAPK3,MAPK1 were identified. CONCLUSION The current study quantified the components of FVO, evaluated its efficacy in skin depigmentation, and give pioneering insights on the possible mechanism. The results confirmed that the FVO could serve as whitening agent in topical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Yan
- Fosun Cosmetics (ShangHai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Fosun Cosmetics (ShangHai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Daoxin Dai
- Fosun Cosmetics (ShangHai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yan
- Fosun Cosmetics (ShangHai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyan Han
- Fosun Cosmetics (ShangHai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Bao
- Fosun Cosmetics (ShangHai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufang Xie
- Hebei Wanbang Folon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hebei Province, China
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Bhargav P, Chaurasia S, Kumar A, Srivastava G, Pant Y, Chanotiya CS, Ghosh S. Unraveling the terpene synthase family and characterization of BsTPS2 contributing to (S)-( +)-linalool biosynthesis in Boswellia. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:219-236. [PMID: 37898975 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Boswellia tree bark exudes oleo-gum resin in response to wounding, which is rich in terpene volatiles. But, the molecular and biochemical basis of wound-induced formation of resin volatiles remains poorly understood. Here, we combined RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolite analysis to unravel the terpene synthase (TPS) family contributing to wound-induced biosynthesis of resin volatiles in B. serrata, an economically-important Boswellia species. The analysis of large-scale RNA-seq data of bark and leaf samples representing more than 600 million sequencing reads led to the identification of 32 TPSs, which were classified based on phylogenetic relationship into various TPSs families found in angiosperm species such as TPS-a, b, c, e/f, and g. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis of bark samples collected at 0-24 h post-wounding shortlisted 14 BsTPSs that showed wound-induced transcriptional upregulation in bark, suggesting their important role in wound-induced biosynthesis of resin volatiles. Biochemical characterization of a bark preferentially-expressed and wound-inducible TPS (BsTPS2) in vitro and in planta assays revealed its involvement in resin terpene biosynthesis. Bacterially-expressed recombinant BsTPS2 catalyzed the conversion of GPP and FPP into (S)-( +)-linalool and (E)-(-)-nerolidol, respectively, in vitro assays. However, BsTPS2 expression in Nicotiana benthamiana found that BsTPS2 is a plastidial linalool synthase. In contrast, cytosolic expression of BsTPS2 did not form any product. Overall, the present work unraveled a suite of TPSs that potentially contributed to the biosynthesis of resin volatiles in Boswellia and biochemically characterized BsTPS2, which is involved in wound-induced biosynthesis of (S)-( +)-linalool, a monoterpene resin volatile with a known role in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Bhargav
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Seema Chaurasia
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Aashish Kumar
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gaurav Srivastava
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Yatish Pant
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Phytochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Phytochemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Evaluation of Cryogen-Free Thermal Modulation-Based Enantioselective Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography for Stereo-Differentiation of Monoterpenes in Citrus spp. Leaf Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031381. [PMID: 36771047 PMCID: PMC9919360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the applicability of enantioselective gas chromatography (eGC) and enantioselective comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (eGC×GC) coupled with flame ionization detection for the stereospecific analysis of designated chiral monoterpenes within essential oils distilled from the leaves of Citrus hystrix (CH), C. limon (CL), C. pyriformis (CP), and C. microcarpa (CM). A cryogen-free solid-state modulator with a combination of enantioselective first-dimension and polar second-dimension column arrangements was used to resolve potential interferences in Citrus spp. leaf oils that can complicate the accurate determination of enantiomeric compositions. Interestingly, considerable variations were observed for the enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of the chiral terpenes. (+)-limonene was identified as the predominant enantiomer (60.3-98.9%) in all Citrus oils, (+)-linalool was the major enantiomer in CM (95.9%), (-)-terpenin-4-ol was the major isomer in CM (66.4%) and CP (61.1%), (-)-α-pinene was the dominant antipode in CL (55.5%) and CM (92.1%). CH contained (-)-citronellal (100%) as the pure enantiomer, while CL and CP have lower proportions (9.0-34.6%), and citronellal is absent in CM. The obtained enantiomeric compositions were compared and discussed with results from eGC using the same enantioselective column. To our knowledge, this work encapsulates the first report that details the EFs of these chiral monoterpenes in Citrus spp. leaf oil.
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Yani Br. Tambunan I, Siringo-Ringo E, Julianti Butar-Butar M, Gurning K. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of nangka leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e97990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nangka is a plant that has various kinds of potential both because of the nutritional content provided through the fruit and also part of the content of bioactive compounds contained in the leaves. This study aims to identify the content of bioactive compounds and determine their content using GC-MS and determine the potential antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. typhi, P. acnes from the ethanol extract of nangka leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). Screening results showed positive containing phenolic groups, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The results of determining the content of bioactive compounds for phenolics, tannins and flavonoids were 27.654±0.054 mg GAE/g d.w ethanolic extract, 0.46±0.017 mg TAE/g d.w ethanolic extract and 2.978±0.192 mg QE/g d.w ethanolic extract. GC-MS analysis showed the content of octadecanoic acid with a retention time of 36.489 minutes with a concentration of 29.91% and the ethanolic extract of nangka leaves had good potential activity as an antibacterial.
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Dangol S, Poudel DK, Ojha PK, Maharjan S, Poudel A, Satyal R, Rokaya A, Timsina S, Dosoky NS, Satyal P, Setzer WN. Essential Oil Composition Analysis of Cymbopogon Species from Eastern Nepal by GC-MS and Chiral GC-MS, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Major Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020543. [PMID: 36677603 PMCID: PMC9863348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon species essential oil (EO) carries significant importance in pharmaceuticals, aromatherapy, food, etc. The chemical compositions of Cymbopogon spp. Viz. Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), and Cymbopogon martini (palmarosa) were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enantiomeric distribution by chiral GC-MS, and antimicrobial activities of some selected pure major compound and root and leaves EOs of citronella. The EO of leaves of Cymbopogon spp. showed comparatively higher yield than roots or other parts. Contrary to citral (neral and geranial) being a predominant compound of Cymbopogon spp., α-elemol (53.1%), α-elemol (29.5%), geraniol (37.1%), and citral (90.4%) were detected as major compounds of the root, root hair with stalk, leaf, and root stalk with shoot of citronella EO, respectively. Palmarosa leaves’ EO contains neral (36.1%) and geranial (53.1) as the major compounds. In the roots of palmarosa EO, the prime components were α-elemol (31.5%), geranial (25.0%), and neral (16.6%). Similarly, lemongrass leaves’ EO contains geraniol (76.6%) and geranyl acetate (15.2%) as major compounds, while the root EO contains a higher amount of geraniol (87.9%) and lower amount of geranyl acetate (4.4%). This study reports for the first time chiral terpenoids from Cymbopogon spp. EOs. Chiral GC-MS gave specific enantiomeric distributions of nine, six, and five chiral terpenoids in the root, root stalk with a shoot, and leaves of citronella EOs, respectively. Likewise, four and three chiral terpenoids in the root and leaves of lemongrass oil followed by two chiral terpenoids in the leaves and root of palmarosa EOs each. Additionally, the root and leaves’ EOs of citronella exhibit noticeable activity on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and fungus such as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. So, geranial-, neral-, geraniol-, and citronellal-rich EOs can be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Dangol
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | | | | | - Salina Maharjan
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Ambika Poudel
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Rakesh Satyal
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Anil Rokaya
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Sujan Timsina
- Analytica Research Center, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 446088, Nepal
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Correspondence: author:
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Johnson S, Abdikadir A, Satyal P, Poudel A, Setzer WN. Conservation Assessment and Chemistry of Boswellia ogadensis, a Critically Endangered Frankincense Tree. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3381. [PMID: 36501419 PMCID: PMC9735944 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Boswellia ogadensis is a critically endangered species of frankincense tree, restricted to a small area of the Shabelle river valley in southern Ethiopia. It has only been recorded from two botanical collecting trips, in 1972 and 2006, with no indication of the abundance, threats, or population status of the trees, and it was listed on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species as "Critically Endangered" in 2018. More recent expeditions, in 2019 and 2021, were not able to locate the species, raising concerns about its continued survival. We carried out a field survey in June 2022 to re-locate the species, assess the threat level it is facing, and collect samples of resin for analysis. This survey revealed that B. ogadensis is present in more locations than previously recorded, and is more abundant than thought. While it is facing multiple threats, including grazing, cutting for firewood, and insect attacks, these threats vary geographically, and there are populations that appear to be healthy and regenerating well. While more research is needed, the current survey indicates that downlisting to "Endangered" status may be appropriate. Samples of resin were also collected and analyzed using gas chromatographic techniques, revealing that while the essential oil profile is similar to that of other Boswellia species (dominated by α-thujene, α-pinene, p-cymene, and terpenin-4-ol), there are chemical markers that can distinguish it from other sympatric Boswellia species, indicating the potential for this to be used as a tool to monitor whether B. ogadensis is being harvested alongside other more common Boswellia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Johnson
- FairSource Botanicals, LLC, 560 Fox Drive #643, Fox Island, WA 98333, USA
| | - Abdinasir Abdikadir
- Somali Region Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Research Institute, Jigjiga P.O. Box 1020, Ethiopia
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- The Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Ambika Poudel
- The Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - William N. Setzer
- The Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 301 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805-1911, USA
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