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Li X, Liu Q, Gao Y, Zang P, Zheng T. Effects of a co-bacterial agent on the growth, disease control, and quality of ginseng based on rhizosphere microbial diversity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:647. [PMID: 38977968 PMCID: PMC11229274 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ginseng endophyte Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250 (Pp-7250) has multifaceted roles such as preventing ginseng diseases, promoting growth, increasing ginsenoside accumulation, and degrading pesticide residues, however, these effects still have room for improvements. Composite fungicides are an effective means to improve the biocontrol effect of fungicides, but the effect of Pp-7250 in combination with its symbiotic bacteria on ginseng needs to be further investigated, and its mechanism of action has not been elucidated. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to elucidate the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus cereus co-bacterial agent on the yield and quality of understory ginseng, and to investigate their mechanism of action. RESULTS The results indicated that P. polymyxa and B. cereus co-bacterial agent (PB) treatment improved ginseng yield, ginsenoside accumulation, disease prevention, and pesticide degradation. The mechanism is that PB treatment increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, including Rhodanobacter, Pseudolabrys, Gemmatimonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Cortinarius, Russula, Paecilomyces, and Trechispora, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, including Ellin6067, Acidibacter, Fusarium, Tetracladium, Alternaria, and Ilyonectria in ginseng rhizosphere soil. PB co-bacterial agents enhanced the function of microbial metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biosynthesis of antibiotics, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, DNA replication, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and decreased the function of microbial plant pathogens and animal pathogens. CONCLUSION The combination of P. polymyxa and B. cereus may be a potential biocontrol agent to promote the resistance of ginseng to disease and improve the yield, quality, and pesticide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation and Breeding of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, 2100147, China
| | - Yugang Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation and Breeding of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation and Breeding of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Cultivation and Breeding of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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Kuang M, Peng WW, Huang YT, Li MF, Qin SY, Zheng YT, Xu L, Huang Q, Zou ZX. Two new chromone derivatives from the rhizosphere soil fungus Ilyonectria robusta. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1398-1405. [PMID: 36408983 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2147169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new chromone derivatives (1 and 2), and two known compounds (3 and 4) were isolated from the rhizosphere soil fungus Ilyonectria robusta. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Additionally, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, but no obvious activity was observed at a concentration of 128 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kuang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Tao Huang
- Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Fang Li
- Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yu Qin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Chen M, Ding Z, Zhou M, Shang Y, Li C, Li Q, Bu T, Tang Z, Chen H. The diversity of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) and its correlation with flavonoids and phenotypic traits. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360988. [PMID: 38559356 PMCID: PMC10979544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a significant medicinal crop, with flavonoids serving as a crucial measure of its quality. Presently, the artificial cultivation of Tartary buckwheat yields low results, and the quality varies across different origins. Therefore, it is imperative to identify an effective method to enhance the yield and quality of buckwheat. Endophytic fungi reside within plants and form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship, aiding plants in nutrient absorption, promoting host growth, and improving secondary metabolites akin to the host. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to assess the diversity of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed between fungi and metabolites, revealing potential increases in flavonoid content due to endophytic fungi such as Bipolaris, Hymenula, and Colletotrichum. Additionally, a correlation analysis between fungi and phenotypic traits unveiled the potential influence of endophytic fungi such as Bipolaris, Buckleyzyma, and Trichosporon on the phenotypic traits of Tartary buckwheat. Notably, the endophytic fungi of the Bipolaris genus exhibited the potential to elevate the content of Tartary buckwheat metabolites and enhance crop growth. Consequently, this study successfully identified the resources of endophytic fungi in Tartary buckwheat, explored potential functional endophytic fungi, and laid a scientific foundation for future implementation of biological fertilizers in improving the quality and growth of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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Chen H, Liu J, Hu L, Yang J, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang R, Ding G, Li Y. Mycotoxins from Alternaria Panax, the specific plant pathogen of Panax ginseng. Mycology 2024; 14:381-392. [PMID: 38187879 PMCID: PMC10769115 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2265662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng black spot, caused by Alternaria panax, is one of the most common diseases of Panax ginseng, which usually causes serious yield loss of ginseng plants. However, the pathogenic mechanism of A. panax has not been clarified clearly. Mycotoxins produced by phytopathogens play an important role in the process of infection. Previous study reported that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) identified from the metabolites of A. panax is a potent mycotoxin against P. ginseng. However, more evidence suggests that DBP is one of the constituents of plasticisers. To identify mycotoxins from A. panax and evaluate their phytotoxicity on the leaves of P. ginseng, different chromatographic, spectral and bioassay-guided methods were used together in this report. As a result, tyrosol (1), 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2), and 3-benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (3) were isolated and characterised from the extract of A. panax, in which compounds 1 and 2 showed phytotoxic activity on ginseng leaves. Furthermore, DBP was confirmed to come from the residue of ethyl acetate through UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and displayed no phytotoxicity on ginseng leaves based on biological experiments. The results in this report first revealed that tyrosol (1), and 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2) not DBP were the potent mycotoxins of A. panax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wensong Sun
- Liaoning Research Institute of Cash Crops, Liaoyang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Aizi T, Lijuan L, Lihua L, Wei L, Jiamei Q. Comparative analysis of microbial community structure in different times of Panax ginseng Rhizosphere microbiome and soil properties under larch forest. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 37710149 PMCID: PMC10500862 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng cultivated under the forest is popular because its shape and effective ingredients are similar to wild ginseng. The growth of P. ginseng in the larch forest is generally better than in the broad-leaved forest, and the incidence rate of diseases is low. Therefore, the selection of forest species is one of the basic factors in the successful cropping of P. ginseng. METHODS Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the 16S rRNA/ITS gene sequence of P. ginseng rhizosphere soil under larch forest to study the rhizosphere microbiome's diversity and community composition structure. RESULTS The species classification and richness of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in the same-aged P. ginseng were similar. Consistent with the soil system of commonly cultivated crops, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Chloroflexi, and Basidiomycota, Ascomycota were the dominant phylum of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Compared with the soil without planting P. ginseng, the diversity of microorganisms and community structure of continuous planting for 2 years, 5 years, and 18 years of P. ginseng rhizosphere soil had little change. The accumulation levels of Ilyonectria, Fusarium, Gibberella, and Cylindrocarpon were not significantly increased with planting P. ginseng and the increased age of cropping P. ginseng. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the soil function of the larch forest was good, which provided a theoretical basis for the land selection and soil improvement of cultivating P. ginseng under the larch forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Aizi
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Liu Lijuan
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Liu Lihua
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China
| | - Qin Jiamei
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province, College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134002, China.
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Kim J, Yun Y, Huh J, Um Y, Shim D. Comparative transcriptome analysis on wild-simulated ginseng of different age revealed possible mechanism of ginsenoside accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107870. [PMID: 37442050 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is one of the most famous pharmaceutical plants in Asia. Ginseng plants grown in mountain have longer longevity which ensures higher accumulation of ginsenoside components than those grown in farms. However, wild-simulated ginseng over certain age cannot be easily distinguished in morphology. To identify transcriptomic mechanism of ginsenoside accumulation in older wild-simulated ginseng without large phenotype change, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis for leaf, shoot, and root tissues of 7-yr-old and 13yr-old wild-simulated ginseng. Of 559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison between 7-yr-old and 13yr-old wild-simulated ginseng, 280 leaf-, 103 shoot-, and 164 root-mainly expressing genes were found to be changed in transcript level according to age. Functional analysis revealed that pentose-phosphate shunt and abscisic acid responsive genes were up-regulated in leaf tissues of 7-yr-old ginseng while defense responsive genes were up-regulated in root tissues of 13-yr-old ginseng. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that jasmonic acid responsive genes, ERDL6, and some UGTs were up-regulated in 13-yr-old ginseng in higher order lateral root tissues. These data suggest that bacterial stimulation in mountain region can enhance the expression of several genes which might support minor ginsenoside biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongbae Yun
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Huh
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurry Um
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongbuk 36040, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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Sun J, Yang J, Zhao S, Yu Q, Weng L, Xiao C. Root exudates influence rhizosphere fungi and thereby synergistically regulate Panax ginseng yield and quality. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194224. [PMID: 37547697 PMCID: PMC10397396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Root exudates contain a complex array of primary and specialized metabolites that play important roles in plant growth due to their stimulatory and inhibitory activities that can select for specific microbes. In this study, we investigated the effects of different root exudate concentrations on the growth of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), ginsenoside levels, and soil fungal community composition and diversity. The results showed that low root exudate concentrations in the soil promoted ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd) in rhizomes. However, the rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels gradually decreased with further increases in the root exudate concentration. ITS sequencing showed that low root exudate concentrations in the soil hardly altered the rhizosphere fungal community structure. High root exudate concentrations altered the structure, involving microecological imbalance, with reduced abundances of potentially beneficial fungi (such as Mortierella) and increased abundances of potentially pathogenic fungi (such as Fusarium). Correlation analysis showed that rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels were significantly positively correlated with the abundances of potentially beneficial fungi, while the opposite was true for potentially pathogenic fungi. Overall, low root exudate concentrations promote the growth and development of ginseng; high root exudate concentrations lead to an imbalance in the rhizosphere fungal community of ginseng and reduce the plant's adaptability. This may be an important factor in the reduced ginseng yield and quality and soil sickness when ginseng is grown continuously.
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Wu LX, Wang Y, Lyu H, Chen XD. Effects of a compound Trichoderma agent on Coptis chinensis growth, nutrients, enzyme activity, and microbial community of rhizosphere soil. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15652. [PMID: 37456883 PMCID: PMC10349559 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Root rot diseases are prevalent in many Coptis chinensis Franch. production areas, perhaps partially due to the overuse of synthetic fertilizers. Synthetic fertilizers can also lead to soil degradation. Trichoderma is widely used in biofertilizers and biopesticides. This study applied a combination of four Trichoderma species (compound Trichoderma agent, CTA) to C. chinensis and evaluated its effects on growth, as well as rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure. The purpose of this study was to estimate the potential of using CTA as a biofertilizer for C. chinensis, and determine if it could, at least partially, replace synthetic fertilizers to control root rot disease and maintain soil fertility. Method CTA, compound fertilizer and sterile water were applied to C. chinensis plants. After 60 days, the soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll of leaves, and individual weight of each plant were measured. The rhizosphere soil nutrient content, enzymatic activity, and the microbial community were also determined. The results were analyzed to evaluate the effect of CTA on C. chinensis growth and soil fertility. Results CTA increased the soluble protein, chlorophyll, and individual weight of C. chinensis plants while compound fertilizer decreased chlorophyll. CTA increased the activities of urease and catalase in rhizosphere soil, whereas the compound fertilizer decreased urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. CTA elevated soil pH, while compound fertilizer reduced it. CTA had no significant effects on soil nutrients and organic matter. CTA decreased the fungal number and alpha-diversity of fungi and bacteria, and both the fungal and bacterial communities were significantly different from the other two. CTA increased B/F value, which improved the rhizosphere microbial community. Both CTA and the compound fertilizer significantly altered the soil microbial community. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was higher and Basidiomycota was lower after CTA treatment than after the other two treatments, indicating that the soil treated with CTA was healthier than that of the other two treatments. CTA decreased harmful Ilyonectria mors-panacis and Corynebacterium sp. And increased beneficial Ralstonia picketti. Trichoderma spp. could exist in C. chinensis rhizosphere soil for a long time. The functional prediction results demonstrated that CTA reduced some rhizosphere phytopathogenic fungi. Correlation analysis showed that CTA elevated rhizosphere pH and enzyme activities. In summary, synthetic fertilizers damaged soil fertility, and the overuse of them might be responsible for root rot disease, while CTA could promote C. chinensis growth, improve soil and decrease the incidence and severity of C. chinensis root rot disease. Therefore, as a biofertilizer, CTA can, at least partially, replace synthetic fertilizers in C. chinensis production. Combining it with organic fertilizer will increase the potential of Trichoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li X. Wu
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Lyu
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia D. Chen
- Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Sub-center of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing, China
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Behdarvandi B, Goodwin PH. Effect of Soil and Root Extracts on the Innate Immune Response of American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius) to Root Rot Caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2540. [PMID: 37447101 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius shows much higher mortality to Ilyonectria mors-panacis root rot when grown in soil previously planted with ginseng than in soil not previously planted with ginseng, which is known as ginseng replant disease. Treatment of ginseng roots with methanol extracts of previous ginseng soils significantly increased root lesion sizes due to I. mors-panacis compared to roots treated with water or methanol extracts of ginseng roots or non-ginseng soils. Inoculation of water-treated roots with I. mors-panacis increased expression of a basic chitinase 1 gene (PqChi-1), neutral pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene (PqPR5) and pathogenesis-related protein 10-2 gene (PqPR10-2), which are related to jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) or necrotrophic infection, and also increased expression of an acidic β-1-3-glucanase gene (PqGlu), which is related to salicylic acid (SA). Infection did not affect expression of a cysteine protease inhibitor gene (PqCPI). Following infection, roots treated with ginseng root extract mostly showed similar expression patterns as roots treated with water, but roots treated with previous ginseng soil extract showed reduced expression of PqChi-1, PqPR5, PqPR10-2 and PqCPI, but increased expression of PqGlu. Methanol-soluble compound(s) in soil previously planted with ginseng are able to increase root lesion size, suppress JA/ET-related gene expression and trigger SA-related gene expression in ginseng roots during I. mors-panacis infection, and may be a factor contributing to ginseng replant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Behdarvandi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W, Canada
| | - Paul H Goodwin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W, Canada
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Bian X, Yang X, Zhang K, Zhai Y, Li Q, Zhang L, Sun X. Potential of Medicago sativa and Perilla frutescens for overcoming the soil sickness caused by ginseng cultivation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1134331. [PMID: 37089541 PMCID: PMC10113677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There are serious soil sickness in ginseng cultivation. Crop rotation is an effective agricultural management to improve soil sustainability and reduce soil sickness. To explore an appropriate ginseng rotation system, Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Perilla frutescens (perilla) were planted on ginseng cultivation soil for 1 year to evaluate the improvement effect of both. Through chemical analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology, we found that after alfalfa and perilla cultivation for one-year, various nutrients and enzyme activities in ginseng cultivation soil were significantly improved. In addition, perilla significantly increased the diversity and richness of soil fungal communities. Cultivation of alfalfa and perilla significantly changed the composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities and significantly reduced the abundance of the potentially pathogenic fungi Ilyonectria. Further pot experiments also showed that the improved soil could significantly increase root activity of ginseng plant after two plants were planted. It should be noted that, unlike alfalfa, perilla decreased soil electrical conductivity, increased soil organic matter, soil urease, and may significantly improve the diversity and richness of soil fungal community. Moreover, in the pot experiment, the root fresh weight of ginseng cultured in perilla treated soil increased significantly. This study highlights that perilla may have better soil improvement effect than alfalfa and it has the potential to be used in the soil improvement of ginseng cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yiru Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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