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Hernández Rodríguez A, Díaz Pacheco A, Martínez Tolibia SE, Melendez Xicohtencatl Y, Granados Balbuena SY, López y López VE. Bioprocess of Gibberellic Acid by Fusarium fujikuroi: The Challenge of Regulation, Raw Materials, and Product Yields. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:418. [PMID: 38921404 PMCID: PMC11205084 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a tetracyclic diterpenoid carboxylic acid synthesized by the secondary metabolism of Fusarium fujikuroi. This phytohormone is widely studied due to the advantages it offers as a plant growth regulator, such as growth stimulation, senescence delay, flowering induction, increased fruit size, and defense against abiotic or biotic stress, which improve the quality and yield of crops. Therefore, GA3 has been considered as an innovative strategy to improve agricultural production. However, the yields obtained at large scale are insufficient for the current market demand. This low productivity is attributed to the lack of adequate parameters to optimize the fermentation process, as well as the complexity of its regulation. Therefore, this article describes the latest advances for potentializing the GA3 production process, including an analysis of its origins from crops, the benefits of its application, the related biosynthetic metabolism, the maximum yields achieved from production processes, and their association with genetic engineering techniques for GA3 producers. This work provides a new perspective on the critical points of the production process, in order to overcome the limits surrounding this modern line of bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranza Hernández Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomax-Tepetitla, Km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (A.H.R.); (Y.M.X.)
| | - Adrián Díaz Pacheco
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Valle, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico; (A.D.P.); (S.Y.G.B.)
| | | | - Yazmin Melendez Xicohtencatl
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomax-Tepetitla, Km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (A.H.R.); (Y.M.X.)
| | - Sulem Yali Granados Balbuena
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Tlaxcala, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Valle, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico; (A.D.P.); (S.Y.G.B.)
| | - Víctor Eric López y López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomax-Tepetitla, Km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (A.H.R.); (Y.M.X.)
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Wang L, Lin Y, Hou G, Yang M, Peng Y, Jiang Y, He C, She M, Chen Q, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, He W, Wang X, Tang H, Luo Y. A histone deacetylase, FaSRT1-2, plays multiple roles in regulating fruit ripening, plant growth and stresses resistance of cultivated strawberry. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2258-2273. [PMID: 38482979 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SRTs) are a group of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase that target both histone and nonhistone proteins. The biological function of SRT in horticultural plants has been rarely studied. In this study, FaSRT1-2 was identified as a key member of the 8 FaSRTs encoded in cultivated strawberry genome. Transient overexpression of FaSRT1-2 in strawberry fruit accelerated ripening, increased the content of anthocyanins and sugars, enhanced ripening-related gene expression. Moreover, stable transformation of FaSRT1-2 in strawberry plants resulted in enhanced vegetative growth, increased sensitivity to heat stress and increased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection. Interestingly, knocking out the homologous gene in woodland strawberry had the opposite effects. Additionally, we found the content of stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was decreased, while the growth-related gibberellin (GA) concentration was increased in FaSRT1-2 overexpression lines. Gene expression analysis revealed induction of heat shock proteins, transcription factors, stress-related and antioxidant genes in the FaSRT1-2-overexpressed plants while knocked-out of the gene had the opposite impact. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that FaSRT1-2 could positively promote strawberry plant vegetative growth and fruit ripening by affecting ABA and GA pathways. However, it negatively regulates the resistance to heat stress and B. cinerea infection by influencing the related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caixia He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Musha She
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ndreca B, Huttly A, Bibi S, Bayon C, Lund G, Ham J, Alarcón-Reverte R, Addy J, Tarkowská D, Pearce S, Hedden P, Thomas SG, Phillips AL. Stacked mutations in wheat homologues of rice SEMI-DWARF1 confer a novel semi-dwarf phenotype. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:384. [PMID: 38724935 PMCID: PMC11080193 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semi-dwarfing alleles are used widely in cereals to confer improved lodging resistance and assimilate partitioning. The most widely deployed semi-dwarfing alleles in rice and barley encode the gibberellin (GA)-biosynthetic enzyme GA 20-OXIDASE2 (GA20OX2). The hexaploid wheat genome carries three homoeologous copies of GA20OX2, and because of functional redundancy, loss-of-function alleles of a single homoeologue would not be selected in wheat breeding programmes. Instead, approximately 70% of wheat cultivars carry gain-of-function mutations in REDUCED HEIGHT 1 (RHT1) genes that encode negative growth regulators and are degraded in response to GA. Semi-dwarf Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b alleles encode proteins that are insensitive to GA-mediated degradation. However, because RHT1 is expressed ubiquitously these alleles have pleiotropic effects that confer undesirable traits in some environments. RESULTS We have applied reverse genetics to combine loss-of-function alleles in all three homoeologues of wheat GA20OX2 and its paralogue GA20OX1 and evaluated their performance in three years of field trials. ga20ox1 mutants exhibited a mild height reduction (approximately 3%) suggesting GA20OX1 plays a minor role in stem elongation in wheat. ga20ox2 mutants have reduced GA1 content and are 12-32% shorter than their wild-type segregants, comparable to the effect of the Rht-D1b 'Green Revolution' allele. The ga20ox2 mutants showed no significant negative effects on yield components in the spring wheat variety 'Cadenza'. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that chemical mutagenesis can expand genetic variation in polyploid crops to uncover novel alleles despite the difficulty in identifying appropriate mutations for some target genes and the negative effects of background mutations. Field experiments demonstrate that mutations in GA20OX2 reduce height in wheat, but it will be necessary to evaluate the effect of these alleles in different genetic backgrounds and environments to determine their value in wheat breeding as alternative semi-dwarfing alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Ndreca
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Alison Huttly
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Sajida Bibi
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Carlos Bayon
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - George Lund
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Joshua Ham
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - John Addy
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Peter Hedden
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ 78371, Czech Republic
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Xie C, Chen R, Sun Q, Hao D, Zong J, Guo H, Liu J, Li L. Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of mtn1 Mutant Reveal Key Players in Centipedegrass Tiller Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1028. [PMID: 38611557 PMCID: PMC11013472 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tillering directly determines the seed production and propagation capacity of clonal plants. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the tiller development of clonal plants are still not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a proteome comparison between the tiller buds and stem node of a multiple-tiller mutant mtn1 (more tillering number 1) and a wild type of centipedegrass. The results showed significant increases of 29.03% and 27.89% in the first and secondary tiller numbers, respectively, in the mtn1 mutant compared to the wild type. The photosynthetic rate increased by 31.44%, while the starch, soluble sugar, and sucrose contents in the tiller buds and stem node showed increases of 13.79%, 39.10%, 97.64%, 37.97%, 55.64%, and 7.68%, respectively, compared to the wild type. Two groups comprising 438 and 589 protein species, respectively, were differentially accumulated in the tiller buds and stem node in the mtn1 mutant. Consistent with the physiological characteristics, sucrose and starch metabolism as well as plant hormone signaling were found to be enriched with differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the mtn1 mutant. These results revealed that sugars and plant hormones may play important regulatory roles in the tiller development in centipedegrass. These results expanded our understanding of tiller development in clonal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Qixue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Dongli Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Junqin Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Hailin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Ling Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
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Sienkiewicz A, Krasowska M, Kowczyk-Sadowy M, Obidziński S, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Bajguz A. Occurrence of plant hormones in composts made from organic fraction of agri-food industry waste. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6808. [PMID: 38514768 PMCID: PMC10957972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the organic fraction of agri-food industry waste for fertilization represents one approach to waste management, with composting emerging as a popular method. Composts derived from this waste may contain plant hormones alongside primary macronutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the content of plant hormones in composts crafted from the organic fraction of agri-food industry waste. The presence of these substances was ascertained using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, applied to extracted samples from three composts produced in a bioreactor and three obtained from companies. The results indicate the presence of 35 compounds, which belong to six types of plant hormones: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid, in composts for the first time. The highest amount of plant hormones was noted in buckwheat husk and biohumus extract (35 compounds), and the lowest in hemp chaff and apple pomace (14 compounds). Brassinosteroids (e.g., brassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone, 24-epibrassinolide, and 28-norbrassinolide) and auxins (e.g., indolilo-3-acetic acid) are dominant. The highest concentration of total phytohormones was reported in biohumus extract (2026.42 ng g-1 dry weight), and the lowest in organic compost (0.18 ng g-1 dry weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sienkiewicz
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Krasowska
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowczyk-Sadowy
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Obidziński
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
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Castro-Camba R, Neves M, Correia S, Canhoto J, Vielba JM, Sánchez C. Ethylene Action Inhibition Improves Adventitious Root Induction in Adult Chestnut Tissues. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:738. [PMID: 38475584 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Phase change refers to the process of maturation and transition from the juvenile to the adult stage. In response to this shift, certain species like chestnut lose the ability to form adventitious roots, thereby hindering the successful micropropagation of adult plants. While auxin is the main hormone involved in adventitious root formation, other hormones, such as ethylene, are also thought to play a role in its induction and development. In this study, experiments were carried out to determine the effects of ethylene on the induction and growth of adventitious roots. The analysis was performed in two types of chestnut microshoots derived from the same tree, a juvenile-like line with a high rooting ability derived from basal shoots (P2BS) and a line derived from crown branches (P2CR) with low rooting responses. By means of the application of compounds to modify ethylene content or inhibit its signalling, the potential involvement of this hormone in the induction of adventitious roots was analysed. Our results show that ethylene can modify the rooting competence of mature shoots, while the response in juvenile material was barely affected. To further characterise the molecular reasons underlying this maturation-derived shift in behaviour, specific gene expression analyses were developed. The findings suggest that several mechanisms, including ethylene signalling, auxin transport and epigenetic modifications, relate to the modulation of the rooting ability of mature chestnut microshoots and their recalcitrant behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castro-Camba
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Neves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLab, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M Vielba
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Conchi Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production, Misión Biológica de Galicia, CSIC, Avda de Vigo s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Collins E, Shou H, Mao C, Whelan J, Jost R. Dynamic interactions between SPX proteins, the ubiquitination machinery, and signalling molecules for stress adaptation at a whole-plant level. Biochem J 2024; 481:363-385. [PMID: 38421035 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The plant macronutrient phosphorus is a scarce resource and plant-available phosphate is limiting in most soil types. Generally, a gene regulatory module called the phosphate starvation response (PSR) enables efficient phosphate acquisition by roots and translocation to other organs. Plants growing on moderate to nutrient-rich soils need to co-ordinate availability of different nutrients and repress the highly efficient PSR to adjust phosphate acquisition to the availability of other macro- and micronutrients, and in particular nitrogen. PSR repression is mediated by a small family of single SYG1/Pho81/XPR1 (SPX) domain proteins. The SPX domain binds higher order inositol pyrophosphates that signal cellular phosphorus status and modulate SPX protein interaction with PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), the central transcriptional regulator of PSR. Sequestration by SPX repressors restricts PHR1 access to PSR gene promoters. Here we focus on SPX4 that primarily acts in shoots and sequesters many transcription factors other than PHR1 in the cytosol to control processes beyond the classical PSR, such as nitrate, auxin, and jasmonic acid signalling. Unlike SPX1 and SPX2, SPX4 is subject to proteasomal degradation not only by singular E3 ligases, but also by SCF-CRL complexes. Emerging models for these different layers of control and their consequences for plant acclimation to the environment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Collins
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Yu J, Gao B, Li D, Li S, Chiang VL, Li W, Zhou C. Ectopic Expression of PtrLBD39 Retarded Primary and Secondary Growth in Populus trichocarpa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2205. [PMID: 38396881 PMCID: PMC10889148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary growth of trees are needed for increments in plant height and stem diameter, respectively, affecting the production of woody biomass for applications in timber, pulp/paper, and related biomaterials. These two types of growth are believed to be both regulated by distinct transcription factor (TF)-mediated regulatory pathways. Notably, we identified PtrLBD39, a highly stem phloem-specific TF in Populus trichocarpa and found that the ectopic expression of PtrLBD39 in P. trichocarpa markedly retarded both primary and secondary growth. In these overexpressing plants, the RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that PtrLBD39 directly or indirectly regulates TFs governing vascular tissue development, wood formation, hormonal signaling pathways, and enzymes responsible for wood components. This regulation led to growth inhibition, decreased fibrocyte secondary cell wall thickness, and reduced wood production. Therefore, our study indicates that, following ectopic expression in P. trichocarpa, PtrLBD39 functions as a repressor influencing both primary and secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Boyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Danning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
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Cecchi L, Poncet P, Maltagliati L, Carli G, Macchia D, Maggi L, Meucci E, Parronchi P, Mazzoni A, Salvati L, Scala E, Sénéchal H, Aizawa T, Villalta D, Annunziato F, Cosmi L, Farsi A. Optimization of the diagnosis and characterization of gibberellin-regulated protein sensitization: An Italian cohort study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:82-90.e1. [PMID: 37758056 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pru p 7 was the first gibberellin-regulated protein (GRP) to be identified as a food allergen as the basis of a pollen food allergy syndrome. OBJECTIVE To clinically and biologically characterize a group of patients with suspected allergy to Pru p 7 to optimize the diagnostic workup of GRP sensitization. METHODS Allergy to Pru p 7 was suspected in the presence of a systemic allergic reaction to plant food, positive skin prick test results for cypress pollen and lipid-transfer protein-enriched peach extract, and absence of Pru p 3-specific immunoglobulin E. Controls were patients with food allergies, patients sensitized to Pru p 3, and patients with cypress allergy without food allergy. Diagnostic workup included skin tests, basophil activation test, Western blot, and single and multiplex assays. RESULTS In total, 23 patients and 14 controls were enrolled. The most implicated food was peach (91.3%). Approximately 70% of patients reacted to multiple foods. Mueller 4 reactions were 8.7%. In 26.1% of cases, a cofactor triggered the reaction. The basophil activation test results were positive for rPru p 7 in 87% of the patients. Specific immunoglobulin E to Pru p 7 was detected in 95.7% by singleplex and in 73.9% by multiplex assays in patients with suspected allergies; 73.9% of them also reacted to cypress pollen GRP (Cup s 7) in Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with Pru p 7-Cup s 7 allergy in our cohort confirm a mild-to-severe clinical syndrome characterized by pollen and food allergy. The diagnosis may benefit from the proposed selection criteria that can be used as preliminary steps to further characterize the cross-reactive GRP sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOSD Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale S. Stefano, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy.
| | - Pascal Poncet
- Department of Biochemistry, Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Allergy & Environment Research Team, Paris, France; Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Maltagliati
- SOSD Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Carli
- SOSD Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale S. Stefano, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Donatella Macchia
- SOSD Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Meucci
- SOSD Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy; Immunology and Cell Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Enrico Scala
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Hélène Sénéchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Allergy & Environment Research Team, Paris, France
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Hokkaido University, Protein Science Laboratory, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Danilo Villalta
- Immunologia e allergologia, Ospedale S. Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy; Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy; Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Farsi
- SOSD Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale S. Stefano, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
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Shabrangy A. Using Magnetic Fields to Enhance the Seed Germination, Growth, and Yield of Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2788:375-395. [PMID: 38656526 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3782-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Geomagnetic field (GMF) protects living organisms on the Earth from the radiation coming from space along with other environmental factors during evolution, and it has affected the growth and development of plants. Many researchers have always been interested in investigating these effects in different aspects. In this chapter, we focus on the methods of using different types of magnetic fields (MFs) to investigate the dimensions of their biological effects on plants. The aim is to increase seed germination, growth characters, and yield of plants using the following methods: (1) Using MFs lower than GMF to study effects of GMF on the growth and yield of plants. (2) Using reversed magnetic fields (RMFs) lower than GMF to study its effects on the growth and development of plants during evolution. (3) Using static magnetic fields (SMFs) higher than GMF and reversed SMFs to study effects of the south (S) and north (N) magnetic pole on plants. (4) Using electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to increase and accelerate seed germination, growth, and yield of plants, and establish the status of plants against other environmental stresses. (5) Using magnetized water (MW) to improve plant seed germination, growth, and yield. (6) Using high gradient magnetic field (HGMF) to study magneto-tropism in plants. In this chapter, we recommend application of various types of MFs to study their biological effects on plants to improve crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Shabrangy
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Gayathiri E, Prakash P, Pandiaraj S, Ramasubburayan R, Gaur A, Sekar M, Viswanathan D, Govindasamy R. Investigating the ecological implications of nanomaterials: Unveiling plants' notable responses to nano-pollution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108261. [PMID: 38096734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has led to unprecedented innovations; however, it is crucial to analyze its environmental impacts carefully. This review thoroughly examines the complex relationship between plants and nanomaterials, highlighting their significant impact on ecological sustainability and ecosystem well-being. This study investigated the response of plants to nano-pollution stress, revealing the complex regulation of defense-related genes and proteins, and highlighting the sophisticated defense mechanisms in nature. Phytohormones play a crucial role in the complex molecular communication network that regulates plant responses to exposure to nanomaterials. The interaction between plants and nano-pollution influences plants' complex defense strategies. This reveals the interconnectedness of systems of nature. Nevertheless, these findings have implications beyond the plant domain. The incorporation of hyperaccumulator plants into pollution mitigation strategies has the potential to create more environmentally sustainable urban landscapes and improve overall environmental resilience. By utilizing these exceptional plants, we can create a future in which cities serve as centers of both innovation and ecological balance. Further investigation is necessary to explore the long-term presence of nanoparticles in the environment, their ability to induce genetic changes in plants over multiple generations, and their overall impact on ecosystems. In conclusion, this review summarizes significant scientific discoveries with broad implications beyond the confines of laboratories. This highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between plants and nanomaterials within the wider scope of environmental health. By considering these insights, we initiated a path towards the responsible utilization of nanomaterials, environmentally friendly management of pollution, and interdisciplinary exploration. We have the responsibility to balance scientific advancement and environmental preservation to create a sustainable future that combines nature's wisdom with human innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Gayathiri
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Chennai 600042, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Palanisamy Prakash
- Department of Botany, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramasamy Ramasubburayan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Gaur
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara-390025, Gujarat, India
| | - Malathy Sekar
- Department of Botany, PG and Research Department of Botany Government Arts College for Men, (autonomous), Nandanam, Chennai 35, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Dhivya Viswanathan
- Centre for Nanobioscience, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Centre for Nanobioscience, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, Tamilnadu, India.
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12
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Kutschera U, Khanna R. Mendel-200: Pea as a model system to analyze hormone-mediated stem elongation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2207845. [PMID: 37166004 PMCID: PMC10177674 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2207845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In a recent Review Article on Gregor Mendel's (1822-1884) work with pea (Pisum sativum)-plants, it was proposed that this crop species should be re-vitalized as a model organism for the study of cell- and organ growth. Here, we describe the effect of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) on the growth of the second internode in 4-day-old light-grown pea seedlings (Pisum sativum, large var. "Senator"). lnjection of glucose into the internode caused a growth-promoting effect similar to that of the hormone GA3. Imbibition of dry pea seeds in GA3, or water as control, resulted in a drastic enhancement in organ development in this tall variety. Similar results were reported for dwarf peas. These "classical" experimental protocols are suitable to study the elusive effect of gibberellins (which act in coordination with auxin) on the regulation of plant development at the biochemical and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kutschera
- I- Cultiver, Inc, Manteca, CA 95336 & Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajnish Khanna
- I- Cultiver, Inc, Manteca, CA 95336 & Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
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13
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Wang L, Zhu Y, Jiang J, Tan G, Ma Q, Zhang H. Dynamic changes in the levels of metabolites and endogenous hormones during the germination of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. Seeds. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2251750. [PMID: 37639213 PMCID: PMC10464536 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2251750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating experimental data have shown that endogenous hormones play important roles in regulating seed dormancy and germination. Zanthoxylum nitidum is a medicinal plant that propagates via seeds, which require a long dormancy period for normal germination, and complex changes in metabolites occur during the germination process. However, the regulatory network of endogenous hormones and metabolites during the germination of Z. nitidum seeds remains unclear. This study investigated the dynamic changes in the levels of metabolites and endogenous hormones during the germination of Z. nitidum seeds. The results revealed an increase in the levels of gibberellin 3 (GA3), 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and trans-zeatin (TZ) and decrease in the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), N-[(-)-jasmonoyl]-(S)-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and trans-zeatin riboside (TZR). Overall, 112 differential metabolites (DAMs) were screened from 3 seed samples (Sa, Sb and Sc), most of which are related to primary metabolism. A total of 16 DAMs (including 3 monosaccharides, 3 phosphate lipids, 3 carboxylic acids, 1 amino acid, 2 pyrimidines, and 4 nucleotides) were identified in the three sample comparison pairs (Sa vs Sb, Sa vs Sc, and Sb vs Sc); these DAMs were significantly enriched in purine metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and pyruvate metabolism. OPDA, ACC and GAs were significantly positively correlated with upregulated metabolites, whereas ABA and JA were significantly positively correlated with downregulated metabolites. Finally, a hypothetical metabolic network of endogenous hormones that regulate seed germination was constructed. This study deepens our understanding of the importance of endogenous hormonal profiles that mediate seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Research and Development Center, China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxia Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Guiyu Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-di Herbs, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Research and Development Center, China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Research and Development Center, China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Shenzhen, China
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14
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Wagner T, Bangoura B, Wiedmer S, Daugschies A, Dunay IR. Phytohormones regulate asexual Toxoplasma gondii replication. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2835-2846. [PMID: 37725257 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic disease agent causing systemic infection in warm-blooded intermediate hosts including humans. During the acute infection, the parasite infects host cells and multiplies intracellularly in the asexual tachyzoite stage. In this stage of the life cycle, invasion, multiplication, and egress are the most critical events in parasite replication. T. gondii features diverse cell organelles to support these processes, including the apicoplast, an endosymbiont-derived vestigial plastid originating from an alga ancestor. Previous studies have highlighted that phytohormones can modify the calcium-mediated secretion, e.g., of adhesins involved in parasite movement and cell invasion processes. The present study aimed to elucidate the influence of different plant hormones on the replication of asexual tachyzoites in a human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) host cell culture. T. gondii replication was measured by the determination of T. gondii DNA copies via qPCR. Three selected phytohormones, namely abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GIBB), and kinetin (KIN) as representatives of different plant hormone groups were tested. Moreover, the influence of typical cell culture media components on the phytohormone effects was assessed. Our results indicate that ABA is able to induce a significant increase of T. gondii DNA copies in a typical supplemented cell culture medium when applied in concentrations of 20 ng/μl or 2 ng/μl, respectively. In contrast, depending on the culture medium composition, GIBB may potentially serve as T. gondii growth inhibitor and may be further investigated as a potential treatment for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wagner
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berit Bangoura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA.
| | - Stefanie Wiedmer
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arwid Daugschies
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Gateta T, Nacoon S, Seemakram W, Ekprasert J, Theerakulpisut P, Sanitchon J, Suwannarach N, Boonlue S. The Potential of Endophytic Fungi for Enhancing the Growth and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Anthocyanin in Maled Phai Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:937. [PMID: 37755044 PMCID: PMC10532753 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most popular cereal crops, being consumed by almost half of the world's population. Among several cultivars widely distributed in Thailand, Maled Phai is a Thai pigmented-upland rice with exceptionally high nutritional value and high demand in the local Thai market. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of producing plant growth-promoting properties (PGP) and enhancing the accumulation of phytochemicals in Maled Phai rice seeds of endophytic fungi isolated from upland black rice. Among a total of 56 isolates, the 4 most effective PGP isolates were identified as Trichoderma zelobreve PBMP16, Talaromyces pinophilus PBMP28, Aspergillus flavus KKMP34, and Trichoderma sp. PBMP4 based on their morphological characteristics and multigene (ITS, rpb2, tef-1, CaM, and BenA) phylogenetic analyses. These four endophytic fungi could promote plant growth parameters under greenhouse conditions. Outstandingly, upland rice inoculated with Tr. zelobreve PBMP16 had a significant increase in total seed weight, root length, phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, antioxidants, and N uptake, which were higher than those of the noninoculated control, and even better than the chemical fertilizer. Overall, this report shows that endophytic fungi efficiently promoted growth and increased the phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and antioxidants of Maled Phai rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawan Gateta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Sabaiporn Nacoon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Wasan Seemakram
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Jindarat Ekprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jirawat Sanitchon
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sophon Boonlue
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.G.); (S.N.); (W.S.); (J.E.)
- Salt-Tolerant Rice Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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16
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Luo Y, Yu Q, Xie Y, Xu C, Cheng L, Shi Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Shen Z. Internode Length Is Correlated with GA 3 Content and Is Crucial to the Harvesting Performance of Tea-Picking Machines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2508. [PMID: 37447075 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
High labor costs and labor shortages are limiting factors affecting the tea industry in Anhui Province. Thus, exploiting the full mechanization of shoot harvesting is an urgent task in the tea industry. Tea quality is greatly influenced by the integrity rate of tea leaves; therefore, it is important to choose tea cultivars suitable for machine picking. In this study, seven tea cultivars were used to investigate the relationship between internode length and blade angle with respect to newly formed tea shoots and machine harvesting in field experiments (Xuanchen City, Kuiling village) conducted throughout the year (in the autumn of 2021, in the early spring of 2022, and in the summer of 2022). Our results showed that the internode length (L2 or L4) had a significant and positive correlation with the integrity rate of tea buds and leaves in seven tea cultivars over three seasons. However, no significant correlation was found between the blade angle and the integrity rate of tea buds and leaves. In addition, a strong and positive correlation was found between the levels of GA1 (R2 > 0.7), GA3 (R2 > 0.85), and IAA (R2 > 0.6) regarding the internodes and internode lengths of the seven tea cultivars. Moreover, the relative expression levels of CsGA20ox, CsGA3ox1, and CsGA3ox2 in Echa1 (the longer internode) were significantly higher compared with those in Zhenong113 (the shorter internode). Overall, our results show that the internode length is an important factor for the machine harvesting of tea leaves and that the level of GA3 is strongly associated with internode length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yinghua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Letian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yeyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhougao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Giannelli G, Potestio S, Visioli G. The Contribution of PGPR in Salt Stress Tolerance in Crops: Unravelling the Molecular Mechanisms of Cross-Talk between Plant and Bacteria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112197. [PMID: 37299176 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in global agricultural productivity with an estimated 50% of arable land predicted to become salinized by 2050. Since most domesticated crops are glycophytes, they cannot be cultivated on salt soils. The use of beneficial microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere (PGPR) is a promising tool to alleviate salt stress in various crops and represents a strategy to increase agricultural productivity in salt soils. Increasing evidence underlines that PGPR affect plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to salt stress. The mechanisms behind these phenomena include osmotic adjustment, modulation of the plant antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, modulation of the phytohormonal balance, increase in nutrient uptake, and the formation of biofilms. This review focuses on the recent literature regarding the molecular mechanisms that PGPR use to improve plant growth under salinity. In addition, very recent -OMICs approaches were reported, dissecting the role of PGPR in modulating plant genomes and epigenomes, opening up the possibility of combining the high genetic variations of plants with the action of PGPR for the selection of useful plant traits to cope with salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Potestio
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Huang B, Fan Y, Cui L, Li C, Guo C. Cold Stress Response Mechanisms in Anther Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010030. [PMID: 36613473 PMCID: PMC9820542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike animals that can escape threats, plants must endure and adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses in their surroundings. One such condition, cold stress, impairs the normal growth and development of plants, in which most phases of reproductive development are particularly susceptible to external low temperature. Exposed to uncomfortably low temperature at the reproductive stage, meiosis, tapetal programmed cell death (PCD), pollen viability, and fertilization are disrupted, resulting in plant sterility. Of them, cold-induced tapetal dysfunction is the main cause of pollen sterility by blocking nutrition supplements for microspore development and altering their timely PCD. Further evidence has indicated that the homeostatic imbalances of hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA), and sugars have occurred in the cold-treated anthers. Among them, cold stress gives rise to the accumulation of ABA and the decrease of active GA in anthers to affect tapetal development and represses the transport of sugar to microspores. Therefore, plants have evolved lots of mechanisms to alleviate the damage of external cold stress to reproductive development by mainly regulating phytohormone levels and sugar metabolism. Herein, we discuss the physiological and metabolic effects of low temperature on male reproductive development and the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of molecular biology. A deep understanding of cold stress response mechanisms in anther development will provide noteworthy references for cold-tolerant crop breeding and crop production under cold stress.
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Deng X. A Mini Review on Natural Safeners: Chemistry, Uses, Modes of Action, and Limitations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3509. [PMID: 36559620 PMCID: PMC9784830 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide injury is a common problem during the application of herbicides in practice. However, applying herbicide safeners can avoid herbicide damage. Safeners selectively protect crops against herbicide injury without affecting the biological activity of herbicides against the target weeds. However, after long-term application, commercial safeners were found to pose risks to the agricultural ecological environment. Natural safeners are endogenous compounds from animals, plants, and microbes, with unique structures and are relatively environment-friendly, and thus can address the potential risks of commercial safeners. This paper summarizes the current progress of the discovery methods, structures, uses, and modes of action of natural safeners. This study also concludes the limitations of natural safeners and prospects the future research directions, offering guidance for the practical application of natural safeners to prevent herbicide injury. This study will also guide the research and development of corresponding products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xile Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanda Road, Changsha 410125, China
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Synthesis and Germination Activity Study of Novel Strigolactam /Strigolactone Analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Wang N, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhou H, Ning R. Research Progress on Dormancy Mechanism and Germination Technology of Kobresia Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3192. [PMID: 36501232 PMCID: PMC9736853 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Kobresia is a subfamily of Cyperaceae, a perennial herbaceous plant that stores a large amount of organic carbon and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) in the soil. This type of grass is soft and appreciated by all kinds of farm animals. It is one of the predominantly excellent fodder on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its good growth plays an important role in developing the local economy and maintaining ecological balance on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as well. The main objectives of this review are to systematically present and analyze the factors responsible for the low germination rate of Kobresia and to analyze the physical and chemical methods that are used in order to alleviate dormancy and to improve the germination rate of Kobresia seeds. This is performed in order to lay the foundation for future research in this field. At the same time, we have analyzed the research deficiencies and formulated recommendations for the future. This review will provide comprehensive information in order to reduce the cost of planting Kobresia, as well as to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the purposes of ecosystem restoration and livestock development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Rongchun Ning
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of the Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Xining 810001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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