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Matuszewska E, Plewa S, Pietkiewicz D, Kossakowski K, Matysiak J, Rosiński G, Matysiak J. Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Bioactive Bee Pollen Proteins: Evaluation of Allergy Risk after Bee Pollen Supplementation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227733. [PMID: 36431835 PMCID: PMC9695670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bee pollen, because of its high content of nutrients, is a very valuable medicinal and nutritional product. However, since its composition is not completely studied, the consumption of this product may cause adverse effects, including allergic reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to discover and characterize the bioactive proteins of bee pollen collected in Poland, focusing mainly on the allergens. For this purpose, the purified and concentrated pollen aqueous solutions were analyzed using the nanoLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analytical platform. As a result of the experiments, 197 unique proteins derived from green plants (Viridiplantae) and 10 unique proteins derived from bees (Apis spp.) were identified. Among them, potential plant allergens were discovered. Moreover, proteins belonging to the group of hypothetical proteins, whose expression had not been confirmed experimentally before, were detected. Because of the content of bioactive compounds-both beneficial and harmful-there is a critical need to develop guidelines for standardizing bee pollen, especially intended for consumption or therapeutic purposes. This is of particular importance because awareness of the allergen content of bee pollen and other bee products can prevent health- or life-threatening incidents following the ingestion of these increasingly popular "superfoods".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Matuszewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Szymon Plewa
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dagmara Pietkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kacper Kossakowski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Matysiak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 13 Kaszubska Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rosiński
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 6 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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Aloisi I, Piccini C, Cai G, Del Duca S. Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Chiara Piccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Zhong M, Wang Y, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Ectopic expression of CsTGase enhances salt tolerance by regulating polyamine biosynthesis, antioxidant activities and Na +/K + homeostasis in transgenic tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110492. [PMID: 32540011 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases), mediators of the transamidation of specific proteins by polyamines (PA), play critical roles in PA metabolism in animals, but their functions and regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown in plants. In this study, we demonstrated that TGase from cucumber played a protective role in the regulation of PA metabolism under salt stress. The expression of TGase was induced by salt stress in cucumber. Ectopic overexpression of cucumber TGase in tobacco conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress based on both external symptoms and membrane integrity. Overexpression lines maintained high levels of PAs under salt stress, suggesting that PAs played a vital role in TGase-induced salt tolerance. In contrast, the levels of Na+ content in the wild-type (WT) plants increased, while they decreased in the overexpression plants. The expression levels of several genes related to ion exchange enhanced, and the Na+/K+ ratio decreased by increased TGase activity under salt stress. The activities of the proton-pump ATPase (H+-ATPase), vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (PPase) were higher in the overexpression lines than in WT plants under salt stress. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents were significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in WT plants, accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TGase plays protective roles in response to salt stress, which may promote plant survival by regulating PA metabolism and the Na+/K+ balance under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Agriculture Technology Extension Station of Jingsu Province, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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Zhong M, Wang Y, Hou K, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. TGase positively regulates photosynthesis via activation of Calvin cycle enzymes in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:92. [PMID: 31645950 PMCID: PMC6804539 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases), which are widespread cross-linking enzymes in plants, play key roles in photosynthesis and abiotic/biotic stress responses; however, evidence concerning the genetics underlying how TGase improves the capability of photosynthesis and the mechanism of TGase-mediated photosynthesis are not clear in this crop species. In this study, we clarified the function of TGase in the regulation of photosynthesis in tomato by comparing wild-type (WT) plants, tgase mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system and TGase-overexpressing (TGaseOE) plants. Our results showed that increasing the transcript level of TGase resulted in an enhanced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), whereas the tgase mutants presented significantly inhibited Pns and CO2 assimilation compared with the WT. Although the total RuBisCO activity was not affected by TGase, the initial and activation status of RuBisCO and the activity of RuBisCO activase (RCA) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) in TGaseOE plants were significantly higher than that in WT plants. Except for RuBisCO small subunit (RbcS), the transcription levels of Benson-Calvin cycle-related genes were positively related to the endogenous TGase activity. Furthermore, TGaseOE plants had higher protein levels of RuBisCO large subunit (RbcL) and RCA than did WT plants and showed a reduced redox status by enhancing the activity of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR), which was compromised in TGase-deficient plants. Overall, TGase positively regulated photosynthesis by maintaining the activation states of the Benson-Calvin cycle and inducing changes in cellular redox homeostasis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 223800 Suqian, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 223800 Suqian, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 223800 Suqian, China
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Lipchinsky A. Electromechanics of polarized cell growth. Biosystems 2018; 173:114-132. [PMID: 30300677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most challenging questions in cell and developmental biology is how molecular signals are translated into mechanical forces that ultimately drive cell growth and motility. Despite an impressive body of literature demonstrating the importance of cytoskeletal and motor proteins as well as osmotic stresses for cell developmental mechanics, a host of dissenting evidence strongly suggests that these factors per se cannot explain growth mechanics even at the level of a single tip-growing cell. The present study addresses this issue by exploring fundamental interrelations between electrical and mechanical fields operating in cells. In the first instance, we employ a simplified but instructive model of a quiescent cell to demonstrate that even in a quasi-equilibrium state, ion transport processes are conditioned principally by mechanical tenets. Then we inquire into the electromechanical conjugacy in growing pollen tubes as biologically relevant and physically tractable developmental systems owing to their extensively characterized growth-associated ionic fluxes and strikingly polarized growth and morphology. A comprehensive analysis of the multifold stress pattern in the growing apices of pollen tubes suggests that tip-focused ionic fluxes passing through the polyelectrolyte-rich apical cytoplasm give rise to electrokinetic flows that actualize otherwise isotropic intracellular turgor into anisotropic stress field. The stress anisotropy can be then imparted from the apical cytoplasm to the abutting frontal cell wall to induce its local extension and directional cell growth. Converging lines of evidence explored in the concluding sections attest that tip-focused ionic fluxes and associated interfacial transport phenomena are not specific for pollen tubes but are also employed by a vast variety of algal, plant, fungal and animal cells, rendering their cytoplasmic stress fields essentially anisotropic and ultimately instrumental in cell shaping, growth and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Lipchinsky
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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