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Cullen E, Hay A. Creating an explosion: Form and function in explosive fruit. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 79:102543. [PMID: 38688200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Adaptations for seed dispersal are found everywhere in nature. However, only a fraction of this diversity is accessible through the study of model organisms. For example, Arabidopsis seeds are released by dehiscent fruit; and although many genes required for dehiscence have been identified, the genetic basis for the vast majority of seed dispersal strategies remains understudied. Explosive fruit generate mechanical forces to launch seeds over a wide area. Recent work indicates that key innovations required for explosive dispersal lie in localised lignin deposition and precise patterns of microtubule-dependent growth in the fruit valves, rather than dehiscence zone structure. These insights come from comparative approaches, which extend the reach of developmental genetics by developing experimental tools in less well-studied species, such as the Arabidopsis relative, Cardamine hirsuta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Cullen
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Hay
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Lanctot A. On the cutting edge of development: laser-assisted microdissection of the Arabidopsis gynoecium reveals tissue-specific gene expression patterns. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:256-258. [PMID: 38246130 PMCID: PMC11060659 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lanctot
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
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3
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Luna-García V, Bernal Gallardo JJ, Rethoret-Pasty M, Pasha A, Provart NJ, de Folter S. A high-resolution gene expression map of the medial and lateral domains of the gynoecium of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:410-429. [PMID: 38088205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Angiosperms are characterized by the formation of flowers, and in their inner floral whorl, one or various gynoecia are produced. These female reproductive structures are responsible for fruit and seed production, thus ensuring the reproductive competence of angiosperms. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the gynoecium is composed of two fused carpels with different tissues that need to develop and differentiate to form a mature gynoecium and thus the reproductive competence of Arabidopsis. For these reasons, they have become the object of study for floral and fruit development. However, due to the complexity of the gynoecium, specific spatio-temporal tissue expression patterns are still scarce. In this study, we used precise laser-assisted microdissection and high-throughput RNA sequencing to describe the transcriptional profiles of the medial and lateral domain tissues of the Arabidopsis gynoecium. We provide evidence that the method used is reliable and that, in addition to corroborating gene expression patterns of previously reported regulators of these tissues, we found genes whose expression dynamics point to being involved in cytokinin and auxin homeostasis and in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, based on differential gene expression analyses, we functionally characterized several genes and found that they are involved in gynoecium development. This resource is available via the Arabidopsis eFP browser and will serve the community in future studies on developmental and reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Luna-García
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Judith Jazmin Bernal Gallardo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, México
| | - Martin Rethoret-Pasty
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
- Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, 930 Rte des Colles, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato CP 36824, Guanajuato, México
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4
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Huo X, Pan A, Lei M, Song Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Zhang J, Wang S, Zhao Y, Wang F, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Analysis of ABCG Subfamily Reveal Its Role in Cutin Formation in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032379. [PMID: 36768702 PMCID: PMC9916852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter G (ABCG) has been shown to be engaged in export of broad-spectrum compounds with structural differences, but little is known concerning its role in cutin formation of cotton (Gossypium spp.). In this study, we conduct a genome-wide survey and detected 69, 71, 124 and 131 ABCG genes within G. arboretum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, separately. The above ABCGs could be divided into four groups (Ia, Ib, Ic, II). Some ABCG genes such as GhABCG15, whose homologous gene transports cuticular lipid in Arabidopsis, was preferentially expressed in the development of fiber. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) demonstrated that GhABCG expression was significantly associated with the amount of 16-Hydroxypalmitate (a main component of cutin precursor) in cotton fibers. Further, silencing of GhABCG15 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cotton generated brightened and crinkled leaves as well as reduced thickness of cuticle and increased permeability. Chemical composition analysis showed the cutin content in GhABCG15-silenced leaves had decreased while the wax content had increased. Our results provide an insight for better understanding of the role of the Gossypium ABCG family and revealed the essential role of GhABCGs in cotton cutin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Huo
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ao Pan
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingyang Lei
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhangqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Furong Wang
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
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5
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ATP-Binding Cassette G Transporters and Their Multiple Roles Especially for Male Fertility in Arabidopsis, Rice and Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169304. [PMID: 36012571 PMCID: PMC9409143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) transporters are extensive in plants and play essential roles in various processes influencing plant fitness, but the research progress varies greatly among Arabidopsis, rice and maize. In this review, we present a consolidated nomenclature and characterization of the whole 51 ABCG transporters in maize, perform a phylogenetic analysis and classification of the ABCG subfamily members in maize, and summarize the latest research advances in ABCG transporters for these three plant species. ABCG transporters are involved in diverse processes in Arabidopsis and rice, such as anther and pollen development, vegetative and female organ development, abiotic and biotic stress response, and phytohormone transport, which provide useful clues for the functional investigation of ABCG transporters in maize. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for the identification and mechanism analysis of substrates for plant ABCG transporters. This review provides a basic framework for functional research and the potential application of ABCG transporters in multiple plants, including maize.
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6
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Reduction in organ-organ friction is critical for corolla elongation in morning glory. Commun Biol 2021; 4:285. [PMID: 33674689 PMCID: PMC7935917 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In complex structures such as flowers, organ-organ interactions are critical for morphogenesis. The corolla plays a central role in attracting pollinators: thus, its proper development is important in nature, agriculture, and horticulture. Although the intraorgan mechanism of corolla development has been studied, the importance of organ-organ interactions during development remains unknown. Here, using corolla mutants of morning glory described approximately 200 years ago, we show that glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) regulate floral organ interactions needed for corolla morphogenesis. Defects in GST development in perianth organs result in folding of the corolla tube, and release of mechanical stress by sepal removal restores corolla elongation. Computational modeling shows that the folding occurs because of buckling caused by mechanical stress from friction at the distal side of the corolla. Our results suggest a novel function of GSTs in regulating the physical interaction of floral organs for macroscopic morphogenesis of the corolla.
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Pan J, Zhang L, Chen G, Wen H, Chen Y, Du H, Zhao J, He H, Lian H, Chen H, Shi J, Cai R, Wang G, Pan J. Study of micro-trichome (mict) reveals novel connections between transcriptional regulation of multicellular trichome development and specific metabolism in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:21. [PMID: 33518711 PMCID: PMC7848009 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes that cover the epidermis of aerial plant organs play multiple roles in plant protection. Compared with a unicellular trichome in model plants, the development mechanism of the multicellular trichome is largely unclear. Notably, variations in trichome development are often accompanied by defects in the biosynthesis of cuticle and secondary metabolites; however, major questions about the interactions between developmental differences in trichomes and defects in metabolic pathways remain unanswered. Here, we characterized the glabrous mutant mict/csgl1/cstbh via combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to extend our limited knowledge regarding multicellular trichome development and metabolism in cucumber. Mict was found to be explicitly expressed within trichome cells. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that genes involved in flavonoid and cuticle metabolism are significantly downregulated in mict mutants. Further metabolomic analysis confirmed that flavonoids, lipids, and cuticle compositions are dramatically altered in mict mutants. Additional studies revealed that Mict regulates flavonoid, lipid, and cuticle biosynthesis by likely directly binding to downstream functional genes, such as CsTT4, CsFLS1, CsCER26, and CsMYB36. These findings suggest that specific metabolic pathways (e.g., flavonoids and cuticle components) are co-regulated by Mict and provide insights into transcriptional regulation mechanisms of multicellular trichome development and its specific metabolism in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Leyu Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guanqun Chen
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huiming Chen
- Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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8
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Gräfe K, Schmitt L. The ABC transporter G subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:92-106. [PMID: 32459300 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are ubiquitously present in all kingdoms and mediate the transport of a large spectrum of structurally different compounds. Plants possess high numbers of ABC transporters in relation to other eukaryotes; the ABCG subfamily in particular is extensive. Earlier studies demonstrated that ABCG transporters are involved in important processes influencing plant fitness. This review summarizes the functions of ABCG transporters present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These transporters take part in diverse processes such as pathogen response, diffusion barrier formation, or phytohormone transport. Studies involving knockout mutations reported pleiotropic phenotypes of the mutants. In some cases, different physiological roles were assigned to the same protein. The actual transported substrate(s), however, still remain to be determined for the majority of ABCG transporters. Additionally, the proposed substrate spectrum of different ABCG proteins is not always reflected by sequence identities between ABCG members. Applying only reverse genetics is thereby insufficient to clearly identify the substrate(s). We therefore stress the importance of in vitro studies in addition to in vivo studies in order to (i) clarify the substrate identity; (ii) determine the transport characteristics including directionality; and (iii) identify dimerization partners of the half-size proteins, which might in turn affect substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Khan N, You FM, Datla R, Ravichandran S, Jia B, Cloutier S. Genome-wide identification of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter and heavy metal associated (HMA) gene families in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:722. [PMID: 33076828 PMCID: PMC7574471 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recent release of the reference genome sequence assembly of flax, a self-pollinated crop with 15 chromosome pairs, into chromosome-scale pseudomolecules enables the characterization of gene families. The ABC transporter and HMA gene families are important in the control of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops. To date, the genome-wide analysis of these two gene families has been successfully conducted in some plant species, but no systematic evolutionary analysis is available for the flax genome. Results Here we describe the ABC transporter and HMA gene families in flax to provide a comprehensive overview of its evolution and some support towards the functional annotation of its members. The 198 ABC transporter and 12 HMA genes identified in the flax genome were classified into eight ABC transporter and four HMA subfamilies based on their phylogenetic analysis and domains’ composition. Nine of these genes, i.e., LuABCC9, LuABCC10, LuABCG58, LuABCG59, LuABCG71, LuABCG72, LuABCG73, LuHMA3, and LuHMA4, were orthologous with the Cd associated genes in Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Ten motifs were identified from all ABC transporter and HMA genes. Also, several motifs were conserved among genes of similar length, but each subfamily each had their own motif structures. Both the ABC transporter and HMA gene families were highly conserved among subfamilies of flax and with those of Arabidopsis. While four types of gene duplication were observed at different frequencies, whole-genome or segmental duplications were the most frequent with 162 genes, followed by 29 dispersed, 14 tandem and 4 proximal duplications, suggesting that segmental duplications contributed the most to the expansion of both gene families in flax. The rates of non-synonymous to synonymous (Ka/Ks) mutations of paired duplicated genes were for the most part lower than one, indicative of a predominant purifying selection. Only five pairs of genes clearly exhibited positive selection with a Ka/Ks ratio greater than one. Gene ontology analyses suggested that most flax ABC transporter and HMA genes had a role in ATP binding, transport, catalytic activity, ATPase activity, and metal ion binding. The RNA-Seq analysis of eight different organs demonstrated diversified expression profiling patterns of the genes and revealed their functional or sub-functional conservation and neo-functionalization. Conclusion Characterization of the ABC transporter and HMA gene families will help in the functional analysis of candidate genes in flax and other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Frank M You
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Raju Datla
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Sridhar Ravichandran
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Bosen Jia
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. .,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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10
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Zhu B, Li H, Xia X, Meng Y, Wang N, Li L, Shi J, Pei Y, Lin M, Niu L, Lin H. ATP-Binding Cassette G Transporters SGE1 and MtABCG13 Control Stigma Exsertion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:223-235. [PMID: 32690757 PMCID: PMC7479885 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stigma exsertion is an important agricultural trait that facilitates the application of heterosis in crop breeding. Although several quantitative trait loci associated with stigma exsertion have been fine-mapped or cloned, the underlying genetic basis, particularly in legumes, remains unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized the exserted stigma mutant stigma exsertion1 (sge1) in the model legume Medicago truncatula The exserted stigma phenotype of sge1 is mainly caused by physical interaction between floral organs, in which normal petal and stamen elongation are inhibited due to flower cuticle defects. SGE1 encodes an ATP-binding cassette G (ABCG) transporter that plays a critical role in regulating floral cutin and wax secretion in M. truncatula SGE1 physically interacts with another half-size transporter, MtABCG13, to form a functional heterodimer. Mutation of MtABCG13 results in flower cuticle defects similar to those in sge1 as well as stigma exsertion, indicating that SGE1 and MtABCG13 are indispensable for flower cuticle secretion and collaboratively control stigma exsertion in M. truncatula Our findings reveal novel functions for ABCG transporters in determining stigma exsertion by affecting the physical interactions of floral organs, providing insight into the molecular mechanism underlying stigma exsertion in leguminous plants with complex zygomorphic flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Butuo Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - LuLu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanxi Pei
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Min Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lifang Niu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Liu L, Zhao L, Chen P, Cai H, Hou Z, Jin X, Aslam M, Chai M, Lai L, He Q, Liu Y, Huang X, Chen H, Chen Y, Qin Y. ATP binding cassette transporters ABCG1 and ABCG16 affect reproductive development via auxin signalling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1172-1186. [PMID: 31944421 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperm reproductive development is a complex event that includes floral organ development, male and female gametophyte formation and interaction between the male and female reproductive organs for successful fertilization. Previous studies have revealed the redundant function of ATP binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) transporters ABCG1 and ABCG16 in pollen development, but whether they are involved in other reproductive processes is unknown. Here we show that ABCG1 and ABCG16 were not only expressed in anthers and stamen filaments but also enriched in pistil tissues, including the stigma, style, transmitting tract and ovule. We further demonstrated that pistil-expressed ABCG1 and ABCG16 promoted rapid pollen tube growth through their effects on auxin distribution and auxin flow in the pistil. Moreover, disrupted auxin homeostasis in stamen filaments was associated with defective filament elongation. Our work reveals the key functions of ABCG1 and ABCG16 in reproductive development and provides clues for identifying ABCG1 and ABCG16 substrates in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Piaojuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhimin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Mengnan Chai
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Linyi Lai
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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12
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Shanmugarajah K, Linka N, Gräfe K, Smits SHJ, Weber APM, Zeier J, Schmitt L. ABCG1 contributes to suberin formation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11381. [PMID: 31388073 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7864-1_123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion barriers enable plant survival under fluctuating environmental conditions. They control internal water potential and protect against biotic or abiotic stress factors. How these protective molecules are deposited to the extracellular environment is poorly understood. We here examined the role of the Arabidopsis ABC half-size transporter AtABCG1 in the formation of the extracellular root suberin layer. Quantitative analysis of extracellular long-chain fatty acids and aliphatic alcohols in the atabcg1 mutants demonstrated altered root suberin composition, specifically a reduction in longer chain dicarboxylic acids, fatty alcohols and acids. Accordingly, the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of heterologous expressed and purified AtABCG1 was strongly stimulated by fatty alcohols (C26-C30) and fatty acids (C24-C30) in a chain length dependent manner. These results are a first indication for the function of AtABCG1 in the transport of longer chain aliphatic monomers from the cytoplasm to the apoplastic space during root suberin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Shanmugarajah
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Shanmugarajah K, Linka N, Gräfe K, Smits SHJ, Weber APM, Zeier J, Schmitt L. ABCG1 contributes to suberin formation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11381. [PMID: 31388073 PMCID: PMC6684660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion barriers enable plant survival under fluctuating environmental conditions. They control internal water potential and protect against biotic or abiotic stress factors. How these protective molecules are deposited to the extracellular environment is poorly understood. We here examined the role of the Arabidopsis ABC half-size transporter AtABCG1 in the formation of the extracellular root suberin layer. Quantitative analysis of extracellular long-chain fatty acids and aliphatic alcohols in the atabcg1 mutants demonstrated altered root suberin composition, specifically a reduction in longer chain dicarboxylic acids, fatty alcohols and acids. Accordingly, the ATP-hydrolyzing activity of heterologous expressed and purified AtABCG1 was strongly stimulated by fatty alcohols (C26–C30) and fatty acids (C24–C30) in a chain length dependent manner. These results are a first indication for the function of AtABCG1 in the transport of longer chain aliphatic monomers from the cytoplasm to the apoplastic space during root suberin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Shanmugarajah
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gräfe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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14
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Do THT, Martinoia E, Lee Y. Functions of ABC transporters in plant growth and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:32-38. [PMID: 28854397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for plant development, playing roles in processes such as gametogenesis, seed development, seed germination, organ formation, and secondary growth. ABC transporters are directly energized by ATP and can transport complex organic materials against concentration gradients; thus, they are uniquely suited to provide the complex building blocks required for the development of specialized plant cells. We review recent progress in our understanding of the contribution ABC transporters make to the growth and development of plants, including their roles in protective layer formation and in transporting phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Thi Do
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ingram G, Nawrath C. The roles of the cuticle in plant development: organ adhesions and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5307-5321. [PMID: 28992283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cuticles, which are composed of a variety of aliphatic molecules, impregnate epidermal cell walls forming diffusion barriers that cover almost all the aerial surfaces in higher plants. In addition to revealing important roles for cuticles in protecting plants against water loss and other environmental stresses and aggressions, mutants with permeable cuticles show major defects in plant development, such as abnormal organ formation as well as altered seed germination and viability. However, understanding the mechanistic basis for these developmental defects represents a significant challenge due to the pleiotropic nature of phenotypes and the altered physiological status/viability of some mutant backgrounds. Here we discuss both the basis of developmental phenotypes associated with defects in cuticle function and mechanisms underlying developmental processes that implicate cuticle modification. Developmental abnormalities in cuticle mutants originate at early developmental time points, when cuticle composition and properties are very difficult to measure. Nonetheless, we aim to extract principles from existing data in order to pinpoint the key cuticle components and properties required for normal plant development. Based on our analysis, we will highlight several major questions that need to be addressed and technical hurdles that need to be overcome in order to advance our current understanding of the developmental importance of plant cuticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Mazurek S, Garroum I, Daraspe J, De Bellis D, Olsson V, Mucciolo A, Butenko MA, Humbel BM, Nawrath C. Connecting the Molecular Structure of Cutin to Ultrastructure and Physical Properties of the Cuticle in Petals of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1146-1163. [PMID: 27994007 PMCID: PMC5291042 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is laid down at the cell wall surface of epidermal cells in a wide variety of structures, but the functional significance of this architectural diversity is not yet understood. Here, the structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was investigated. Applying Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, the cutin mutants long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase2 (lacs2), permeable cuticle1 (pec1), cyp77a6, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6 (gpat6), and defective in cuticular ridges (dcr) were grouped in three separate classes based on quantitative differences in the ν(C=O) and ν(C-H) band vibrations. These were associated mainly with the quantity of 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid, a monomer of the cuticle polyester, cutin. These spectral features were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaque multilayered cuticle (gpat6 mutant). The latter two types did not have typical nanoridges. Transmission electron microscopy revealed considerable variations in cuticle thickness in the dcr mutant. Different double mutant combinations showed that a low amount of C16 monomers in cutin leads to the appearance of an electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action. We concluded that DCR is not only essential for incorporating 10,16-dihydroxy C16:0 into cutin but also plays a crucial role in the organization of the cuticle, independent of cutin composition. Further characterization of the mutant petals suggested that nanoridge formation and conical cell shape may contribute to the reduction of physical adhesion forces between petals and other floral organs during floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Mazurek
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Imène Garroum
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Jean Daraspe
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Damien De Bellis
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Vilde Olsson
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology (S.M., I.G., C.N.) and Electron Microscopy Facility (J.D., D.D.B., A.M., B.M.H.), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (S.M.); and
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Evolutionary Genetics, 0371 Oslo, Norway (V.O., M.A.B.)
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