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Chen Y, Xiao X, Yang R, Sun Z, Yang S, Zhang H, Xing B, Li Y, Liu Q, Lu Q, Shi Y, Yuan Y, Miao C, Li P. Genome-wide identification and expression-pattern analysis of sulfate transporter (SULTR) gene family in cotton under multiple abiotic stresses and fiber development. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38773054 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Sulfate transporter (SULTR) proteins are in charge of the transport and absorption on sulfate substances, and have been reported to play vital roles in the biological processes of plant growth and stress response. However, there were few reports of genome-wide identification and expression-pattern analysis of SULTRs in Hibiscus mutabilis. Gossypium genus is a ideal model for studying the allopolyploidy, therefore two diploid species (G. raimondii and G. arboreum) and two tetraploid species (G. hirsutum and G. barbadense) were chosen in this study to perform bioinformatic analyses, identifying 18, 18, 35, and 35 SULTR members, respectively. All the 106 cotton SULTR genes were utilized to construct the phylogenetic tree together with 11 Arabidopsis thaliana, 13 Oryza sativa, and 8 Zea mays ones, which was divided into Group1-Group4. The clustering analyses of gene structures and 10 conserved motifs among the cotton SULTR genes showed the consistent evolutionary relationship with the phylogenetic tree, and the results of gene-duplication identification among the four representative Gossypium species indicated that genome-wide or segment duplication might make main contributions to the expansion of SULTR gene family in cotton. Having conducted the cis-regulatory element analysis in promoter region, we noticed that the existing salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) elements could have influences with expression levels of cotton SULTR genes. The expression patterns of GhSULTR genes were also investigated on the 7 different tissues or organs and the developing ovules and fibers, most of which were highly expressed in root, stem, sepal, receptacel, ovule at 10 DPA, and fiber at 20 and 25 DPA. In addition, more active regulatory were observed in GhSULTR genes responding to multiple abiotic stresses, and 12 highly expressed genes showed the similar expression patterns in the quantitative Real-time PCR experiments under cold, heat, salt, and drought treatments. These findings broaden our insight into the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the SULTR gene family in cotton, and provide the valuable information for further screening the vital candidate genes on trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Seventh Division Agricultural Research Institute, Kuitun, 833200, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Baoguang Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Chen Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
| | - Pengtao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
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Duan Y, Wang X, Jiao Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Song Y, Wang L, Tong X, Jiang Y, Wang S, Wang S. Elucidating the role of exogenous melatonin in mitigating alkaline stress in soybeans across different growth stages: a transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:380. [PMID: 38720246 PMCID: PMC11077714 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max), a vital grain and oilseed crop, serves as a primary source of plant protein and oil. Soil salinization poses a significant threat to soybean planting, highlighting the urgency to improve soybean resilience and adaptability to saline stress. Melatonin, recently identified as a key plant growth regulator, plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. However, the potential of melatonin to mitigate alkali stress in soybeans and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS This study investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on the soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13 under alkaline stress. We employed physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses throughout both vegetative and pod-filling growth stages. Our findings demonstrate that melatonin significantly counteracts the detrimental effects of alkaline stress on soybean plants, promoting plant growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic analysis during both growth stages under alkaline stress, with and without melatonin treatment, identified 2,834 and 549 differentially expressed genes, respectively. These genes may play a vital role in regulating plant adaptation to abiotic stress. Notably, analysis of phytohormone biosynthesis pathways revealed altered expression of key genes, particularly in the ARF (auxin response factor), AUX/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid), and GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3) families, during the early stress response. Metabolomic analysis during the pod-filling stage identified highly expressed metabolites responding to melatonin application, such as uteolin-7-O-(2''-O-rhamnosyl)rutinoside and Hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)glucoside, which helped alleviate the damage caused by alkali stress. Furthermore, we identified 183 differentially expressed transcription factors, potentially playing a critical role in regulating plant adaptation to abiotic stress. Among these, the gene SoyZH13_04G073701 is particularly noteworthy as it regulates the key differentially expressed metabolite, the terpene metabolite Hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)glucoside. WGCNA analysis identified this gene (SoyZH13_04G073701) as a hub gene, positively regulating the crucial differentially expressed metabolite of terpenoids, Hederagenin-3-O-glucuronide-28-O-glucosyl(1,2)glucoside. Our findings provide novel insights into how exogenous melatonin alleviates alkali stress in soybeans at different reproductive stages. CONCLUSIONS Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches, our study elucidates the mechanisms by which exogenous melatonin ameliorates the inhibitory effects of alkaline stress on soybean growth and development. This occurs through modulation of biosynthesis pathways for key compounds, including terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. Our findings provide initial mechanistic insights into how melatonin mitigates alkaline stress in soybeans, offering a foundation for molecular breeding strategies to enhance salt-alkali tolerance in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xianxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yongze Song
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Sui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Hamilton CD, Zaricor B, Dye CJ, Dresserl E, Michaels R, Allen C. Ralstonia solanacearum pandemic lineage strain UW551 overcomes inhibitory xylem chemistry to break tomato bacterial wilt resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13395. [PMID: 37846613 PMCID: PMC10782650 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogenic Ralstonia strains cause bacterial wilt disease by colonizing xylem vessels of many crops, including tomato. Host resistance is the best control for bacterial wilt, but resistance mechanisms of the widely used Hawaii 7996 tomato breeding line (H7996) are unknown. Using growth in ex vivo xylem sap as a proxy for host xylem, we found that Ralstonia strain GMI1000 grows in sap from both healthy plants and Ralstonia-infected susceptible plants. However, sap from Ralstonia-infected H7996 plants inhibited Ralstonia growth, suggesting that in response to Ralstonia infection, resistant plants increase inhibitors in their xylem sap. Consistent with this, reciprocal grafting and defence gene expression experiments indicated that H7996 wilt resistance acts in both above- and belowground plant parts. Concerningly, H7996 resistance is broken by Ralstonia strain UW551 of the pandemic lineage that threatens highland tropical agriculture. Unlike other Ralstonia, UW551 grew well in sap from Ralstonia-infected H7996 plants. Moreover, other Ralstonia strains could grow in sap from H7996 plants previously infected by UW551. Thus, UW551 overcomes H7996 resistance in part by detoxifying inhibitors in xylem sap. Testing a panel of xylem sap compounds identified by metabolomics revealed that no single chemical differentially inhibits Ralstonia strains that cannot infect H7996. However, sap from Ralstonia-infected H7996 contained more phenolic compounds, which are known to be involved in plant antimicrobial defence. Culturing UW551 in this sap reduced total phenolic levels, indicating that the resistance-breaking Ralstonia strain degrades these chemical defences. Together, these results suggest that H7996 tomato wilt resistance depends in part on inducible phenolic compounds in xylem sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corri D. Hamilton
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Beatriz Zaricor
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Carolyn Jean Dye
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Emma Dresserl
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Renee Michaels
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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Hoffmann B, Aubry E, Marmagne A, Dinant S, Chardon F, Le Hir R. Impairment of sugar transport in the vascular system acts on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13830. [PMID: 36437708 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms have long been known to be coupled, and this is required for adjusting nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Despite this intricate relationship, it is still unclear how deregulation of sugar transport impacts N allocation. Here, we investigated in Arabidopsis the consequences of the simultaneous downregulation of the genes coding for the sugar transporters SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16, and SWEET17 on various anatomical and physiological traits ranging from the stem's vascular system development to plant biomass production, seed yield, and N remobilization and use efficiency. Our results show that intracellular sugar exchanges mediated by SWEET16 and SWEET17 proteins specifically impact vascular development but do not play a significant role in the distribution of N. Most importantly, we showed that the double mutant swt11 swt12, which has an impacted vascular development, displays an improved NUE and nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. In addition, a significant negative correlation between sugar and amino acids contents and the inflorescence stem radial growth exists, highlighting the complex interaction between the maintenance of C/N homeostasis and the inflorescence stem development. Our results thus deepen the link between sugar transport, C/N allocation, and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hoffmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Emilie Aubry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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5
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Kurita Y, Kanno S, Sugita R, Hirose A, Ohnishi M, Tezuka A, Deguchi A, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, Baba K, Nagano AJ, Tanoi K, Nakanishi TM, Mimura T. Visualization of phosphorus re-translocation and phosphate transporter expression profiles in a shortened annual cycle system of poplar. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1749-1764. [PMID: 35348214 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. In deciduous trees, P is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in perennial tissues during winter for further growth. Annual internal recycling and accumulation of P are considered an important strategy to support the vigorous growth of trees. However, the pathways of seasonal re-translocation of P and the molecular mechanisms of this transport have not been clarified. Here we show the seasonal P re-translocation route visualized using real-time radioisotope imaging and the macro- and micro-autoradiography. We analysed the seasonal re-translocation P in poplar (Populus alba. L) cultivated under 'a shortened annual cycle system', which mimicked seasonal phenology in a laboratory. From growing to senescing season, sink tissues of 32 P and/or 33 P shifted from young leaves and the apex to the lower stem and roots. The radioisotope P re-translocated from a leaf was stored in phloem and xylem parenchyma cells and redistributed to new shoots after dormancy. Seasonal expression profile of phosphate transporters (PHT1, PHT5 and PHO1 family) was obtained in the same system. Our results reveal the seasonal P re-translocation routes at the organ and tissue levels and provide a foothold for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kurita
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Paris, France
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Radioisotope Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirose
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tezuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ayumi Deguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kei'ichi Baba
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Dominguez PG, Niittylä T. Mobile forms of carbon in trees: metabolism and transport. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:458-487. [PMID: 34542151 PMCID: PMC8919412 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants constitute 80% of the biomass on earth, and almost two-thirds of this biomass is found in wood. Wood formation is a carbon (C)-demanding process and relies on C transport from photosynthetic tissues. Thus, understanding the transport process is of major interest for understanding terrestrial biomass formation. Here, we review the molecules and mechanisms used to transport and allocate C in trees. Sucrose is the major form in which C is transported in plants, and it is found in the phloem sap of all tree species investigated so far. However, in several tree species, sucrose is accompanied by other molecules, notably polyols and the raffinose family of oligosaccharides. We describe the molecules that constitute each of these transport groups, and their distribution across different tree species. Furthermore, we detail the metabolic reactions for their synthesis, the mechanisms by which trees load and unload these compounds in and out of the vascular system, and how they are radially transported in the trunk and finally catabolized during wood formation. We also address a particular C recirculation process between phloem and xylem that occurs in trees during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. A search of possible evolutionary drivers behind the diversity of C-carrying molecules in trees reveals no consistent differences in C transport mechanisms between angiosperm and gymnosperm trees. Furthermore, the distribution of C forms across species suggests that climate-related environmental factors will not explain the diversity of C transport forms. However, the consideration of C-transport mechanisms in relation to tree-rhizosphere coevolution deserves further attention. To conclude the review, we identify possible future lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Guadalupe Dominguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
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Dinant S, Le Hir R. Delving deeper into the link between sugar transport, sugar signaling, and vascular system development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13684. [PMID: 35396718 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development rely on the transport and use of sugars produced during photosynthesis. Sugars have a dual function as nutrients and signal molecules in the cell. Many factors maintaining sugar homeostasis and signaling are now identified, but our understanding of the mechanisms involved in coordinating intracellular and intercellular sugar translocation is still limited. We also know little about the interplay between sugar transport and signaling and the formation of the vascular system, which controls long-distance sugar translocation. Sugar signaling has been proposed to play a role; however, evidence to support this hypothesis is still limited. Here, we exploited recent transcriptomics datasets produced in aerial organs of Arabidopsis to identify genes coding for sugar transporters or signaling components expressed in the vascular cells. We identified genes belonging to sugar transport and signaling for which no information is available regarding a role in vasculature development. In addition, the transcriptomics datasets obtained from sugar-treated Arabidopsis seedlings were used to assess the sugar-responsiveness of known genes involved in vascular differentiation. Interestingly, several key regulators of vascular development were found to be regulated by either sucrose or glucose. Especially CLE41, which controls the procambial cell fate, was oppositely regulated by sucrose or glucose in these datasets. Even if more experimental data are necessary to confirm these findings, this survey supports a link between sugar transport/signaling and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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8
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Brioudes F, Jay F, Sarazin A, Grentzinger T, Devers EA, Voinnet O. HASTY, the Arabidopsis EXPORTIN5 ortholog, regulates cell-to-cell and vascular microRNA movement. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107455. [PMID: 34152631 PMCID: PMC8327949 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) guide cytosolic post-transcriptional gene silencing of sequence-complementary transcripts within the producing cells, as well as in distant cells and tissues. Here, we used an artificial miRNA-based system (amiRSUL) in Arabidopsis thaliana to explore the still elusive mechanisms of inter-cellular miRNA movement via forward genetics. This screen identified many mutant alleles of HASTY (HST), the ortholog of mammalian EXPORTIN5 (XPO5) with a recently reported role in miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis. In both epidermis-peeling and grafting assays, amiRSUL levels were reduced much more substantially in miRNA-recipient tissues than in silencing-emitting tissues. We ascribe this effect to HST controlling cell-to-cell and phloem-mediated movement of the processed amiRSUL, in addition to regulating its biogenesis. While HST is not required for the movement of free GFP or siRNAs, its cell-autonomous expression in amiRSUL-emitting tissues suffices to restore amiRSUL movement independently of its nucleo-cytosolic shuttling activity. By contrast, HST is dispensable for the movement and activity of amiRSUL within recipient tissues. Finally, HST enables movement of endogenous miRNAs that display mostly unaltered steady-state levels in hst mutant tissues. We discuss a role for HST as a hitherto unrecognized regulator of miRNA movement in relation to its recently assigned nuclear function at the nexus of MIRNA transcription and miRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Jay
- Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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9
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Walker RP, Bonghi C, Varotto S, Battistelli A, Burbidge CA, Castellarin SD, Chen ZH, Darriet P, Moscatello S, Rienth M, Sweetman C, Famiani F. Sucrose Metabolism and Transport in Grapevines, with Emphasis on Berries and Leaves, and Insights Gained from a Cross-Species Comparison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7794. [PMID: 34360556 PMCID: PMC8345980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In grapevines, as in other plants, sucrose and its constituents glucose and fructose are fundamentally important and carry out a multitude of roles. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, to provide a summary of the metabolism and transport of sucrose in grapevines, together with new insights and interpretations. Second, to stress the importance of considering the compartmentation of metabolism. Third, to outline the key role of acid invertase in osmoregulation associated with sucrose metabolism and transport in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Simone D. Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0Z4, Canada;
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
| | - Philippe Darriet
- Cenologie, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 05010 Porano, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Markus Rienth
- Changins College for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Sciences and Art Western Switzerland, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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10
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Paterlini A, Dorussen D, Fichtner F, van Rongen M, Delacruz R, Vojnović A, Helariutta Y, Leyser O. Callose accumulation in specific phloem cell types reduces axillary bud growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:516-523. [PMID: 33864687 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paterlini
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Delfi Dorussen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Martin van Rongen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ruth Delacruz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ana Vojnović
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Yrjö Helariutta
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
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11
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Blicharz S, Beemster GT, Ragni L, De Diego N, Spíchal L, Hernándiz AE, Marczak Ł, Olszak M, Perlikowski D, Kosmala A, Malinowski R. Phloem exudate metabolic content reflects the response to water-deficit stress in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1338-1355. [PMID: 33738886 PMCID: PMC8360158 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress impacts the quality and yield of Pisum sativum. Here, we show how short periods of limited water availability during the vegetative stage of pea alters phloem sap content and how these changes are connected to strategies used by plants to cope with water deficit. We have investigated the metabolic content of phloem sap exudates and explored how this reflects P. sativum physiological and developmental responses to drought. Our data show that drought is accompanied by phloem-mediated redirection of the components that are necessary for cellular respiration and the proper maintenance of carbon/nitrogen balance during stress. The metabolic content of phloem sap reveals a shift from anabolic to catabolic processes as well as the developmental plasticity of P. sativum plants subjected to drought. Our study underlines the importance of phloem-mediated transport for plant adaptation to unfavourable environmental conditions. We also show that phloem exudate analysis can be used as a useful proxy to study stress responses in plants. We propose that the decrease in oleic acid content within phloem sap could be considered as a potential marker of early signalling events mediating drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Blicharz
- Integrative Plant Biology TeamInstitute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Strzeszyńska 34Poznań60‐479Poland
| | - Gerrit T.S. Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES)Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 171Antwerpen2020Belgium
| | - Laura Ragni
- ZMBP‐Center for Plant Molecular BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and GeneticsCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchFaculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Lukas Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and GeneticsCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchFaculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Alba E. Hernándiz
- Department of Chemical Biology and GeneticsCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchFaculty of SciencePalacký UniversityOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesNoskowskiego 12/14Poznan61‐704Poland
| | - Marcin Olszak
- Department of Plant BiochemistryInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5aWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Plant Physiology TeamInstitute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Strzeszyńska 34Poznań60‐479Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Plant Physiology TeamInstitute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Strzeszyńska 34Poznań60‐479Poland
| | - Robert Malinowski
- Integrative Plant Biology TeamInstitute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciencesul. Strzeszyńska 34Poznań60‐479Poland
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12
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Hamilton CD, Steidl OR, MacIntyre AM, Hendrich CG, Allen C. Ralstonia solanacearum Depends on Catabolism of Myo-Inositol, Sucrose, and Trehalose for Virulence in an Infection Stage-Dependent Manner. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:669-679. [PMID: 33487004 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-20-0298-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes a lethal bacterial wilt disease of tomato and many other crops by infecting host roots, then colonizing the water-transporting xylem vessels. Tomato xylem sap is nutritionally limiting but it does contain some carbon sources, including sucrose, trehalose, and myo-inositol. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that R. solanacearum expresses distinct catabolic pathways at low cell density (LCD) and high cell density (HCD). To investigate the links between bacterial catabolism, infection stage, and virulence, we measured in planta fitness of bacterial mutants lacking specific carbon catabolic pathways expressed at either LCD or HCD. We hypothesized that early in disease, during root infection, the bacterium depends on carbon sources catabolized at LCD, while HCD carbon sources are only required later in disease during stem colonization. A R. solanacearum ΔiolG mutant unable to use the LCD-catabolized nutrient myo-inositol was defective in tomato root colonization, but after it reached the stem this strain colonized and caused symptoms as well as wild type. In contrast, R. solanacearum mutants unable to use the HCD-catabolized nutrients sucrose (ΔscrA), trehalose (ΔtreA), or both (ΔscrA/treA), infected roots as well as wild-type R. solanacearum but were defective in colonization and competitive fitness in midstems and had reduced virulence. Further, xylem sap from tomato plants colonized by ΔscrA, ΔtreA, or ΔscrA/treA R. solanacearum mutants contained twice as much sucrose as sap from plants colonized by wild-type R. solanacearum. Together, these findings suggest that quorum sensing specifically adapts R. solanacearum metabolism for success in the different nutritional environments of plant roots and xylem sap.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corri D Hamilton
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Olivia R Steidl
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - April M MacIntyre
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Connor G Hendrich
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
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13
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Nabity PD, Barron-Gafford GA, Whiteman NK. Intraspecific competition for host resources in a parasite. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1344-1350.e3. [PMID: 33626328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific competition among parasites should, in theory, increase virulence, but we lack clear evidence of this from nature.1-3 Parasitic plants, which are sessile and acquire carbon-based resources through both autotrophy (photosynthesis) and heterotrophy (obtaining carbon from the host), provide a unique opportunity to experimentally study the role of intraspecific competition for nutrients in shaping the biology of both parasite and host.4-6 Here, we manipulated the spatial position of naturally occurring individuals of desert mistletoe (Phoradendron californicum), a xylem hemiparasite, by removing parasites from co-infected branches of a common nitrogen-fixing host, velvet mesquite (Prosopsis velutina), in the Sonoran Desert. We measured physiological performance of both host and parasite individuals under differing competitive environments-parasite location along the xylem stream-through time. Performance was determined by measuring resource availability and use, given that resource demand changed with competitor removal and monsoon-driven amelioration of seasonal drought. Our principal finding was that intraspecific competition exists for xylem resources between mistletoe individuals, including host carbon. Host performance and seasonal climate variation altered the strength of competition and virulence. Hemiparasitic desert mistletoes demonstrated high heterotrophy, yet experimental removals revealed density- and location-dependent effects on the host through feedbacks that reduced mistletoe autotrophy and improved resource availability for the remaining mistletoe individual. Trophic flexibility tempered intraspecific competition for resources and reduced virulence. Mistletoe co-infections might therefore attenuate virulence to maintain access to resources in particularly stressful ecological environments. In summary, experimental field manipulations revealed evidence for intraspecific competition in a parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Nabity
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92125, USA.
| | - Greg A Barron-Gafford
- School of Geography, Development, and the Environment, University of Arizona, PO Box 210137, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Noah K Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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van den Herik B, Bergonzi S, Bachem CWB, ten Tusscher K. Modelling the physiological relevance of sucrose export repression by an Flowering Time homolog in the long-distance phloem of potato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:792-806. [PMID: 33314152 PMCID: PMC7986384 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Yield of harvestable plant organs depends on photosynthetic assimilate production in source leaves, long-distance sucrose transport and sink-strength. While photosynthesis optimization has received considerable interest for optimizing plant yield, the potential for improving long-distance sucrose transport has received far less attention. Interestingly, a recent potato study demonstrates that the tuberigen StSP6A binds to and reduces activity of the StSWEET11 sucrose exporter. While the study suggested that reducing phloem sucrose efflux may enhance tuber yield, the precise mechanism and physiological relevance of this effect remained an open question. Here, we develop the first mechanistic model for sucrose transport, parameterized for potato plants. The model incorporates SWEET-mediated sucrose export, SUT-mediated sucrose retrieval from the apoplast and StSP6A-StSWEET11 interactions. Using this model, we were able to substantiate the physiological relevance of the StSP6A-StSWEET11 interaction in the long-distance phloem for potato tuber yield, as well as to show the non-linear nature of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van den Herik
- Computational Developmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sara Bergonzi
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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15
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Involvement of SUT1 and SUT2 Sugar Transporters in the Impairment of Sugar Transport and Changes in Phloem Exudate Contents in Phytoplasma-Infected Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020745. [PMID: 33451049 PMCID: PMC7828548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplasmas inhabit phloem sieve elements and cause abnormal growth and altered sugar partitioning. However, how they interact with phloem functions is not clearly known. The phloem responses were investigated in tomatoes infected by “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” at the beginning of the symptomatic stage, the first symptoms appearing in the newly emerged leaf at the stem apex. Antisense lines impaired in the phloem sucrose transporters SUT1 and SUT2 were included. In symptomatic sink leaves, leaf curling was associated with higher starch accumulation and the expression of defense genes. The analysis of leaf midribs of symptomatic leaves indicated that transcript levels for genes acting in the glycolysis and peroxisome metabolism differed from these in noninfected plants. The phytoplasma also multiplied in the three lower source leaves, even if it was not associated with the symptoms. In these leaves, the rate of phloem sucrose exudation was lower for infected plants. Metabolite profiling of phloem sap-enriched exudates revealed that glycolate and aspartate levels were affected by the infection. Their levels were also affected in the noninfected SUT1- and SUT2-antisense lines. The findings suggest the role of sugar transporters in the responses to infection and describe the consequences of impaired sugar transport on the primary metabolism.
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16
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Kachroo A, Kachroo P. Mobile signals in systemic acquired resistance. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 58:41-47. [PMID: 33202317 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a unique form of broad-spectrum long-distance immunity termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SAR involves the rapid generation of mobile signal(s) in response to localized microbial infection, which transport to the distal tissue and 'prime' them against future infections by related and unrelated pathogens. Several SAR-inducing chemicals that could be classified as the potential mobile signal have been identified. Many of these function in a bifurcate pathway with both branches being equally essential for SAR induction. This review reflects on the potential candidacy of the known SAR inducers as mobile signal(s) based on historical knowledge of the SAR signal and recent advances in the SAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
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17
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Azab E, Soror AFS. Physiological Behavior of the Aquatic Plant Azolla sp. in Response to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9070924. [PMID: 32708263 PMCID: PMC7412321 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation aims to evaluate the impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the water parameters and physiological behaviors of an aquatic plant (Azolla sp.). The experiment used three groups: treatment with organic or inorganic fertilizer and a group with no fertilization as a control. Azolla sp. were grown in cement ponds that received different treatments. For water analysis, the obtained results clarified that fertilization resulted in no variation in the temperature or total hardness among different treatments. Organic fertilizer increased the dissolved phosphorus content, total hardness, and bicarbonate alkalinity, as well as the total phosphorus content, whereas inorganic treatment increased the pH, total ammonia content, and total nitrogen content. Regarding the biochemical composition of Azolla sp., the chlorophyll content showed no variation among different treatment groups, while organic matter showed high variation among different treatment groups. The highest values for ash and fat content were recorded in control ponds. The highest protein content was found in organic treatment ponds. The addition of fertilizers led to an increase in the tissue contents of N and P compared to the control. This increase was highest when Azolla sp. was fertilized with organic fertilizer. The atomic N:P ratio was low in tissues subjected to either treatment compared with the control. The doubling time of Azolla sp. was decreased by fertilization. It is concluded that different fertilizer systems have significant effect on physico-chemical and biological parameters of water. Fertilization positively affects Azolla sp. growth. Organic fertilizer was more efficient for the growth of Azolla sp., so it can be considered as a source of biofertilizer and green manure in areas where it spreads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Azab
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 888, Taif, 21974 Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Sharkia, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-530743728
| | - Abdel-fatah Salah Soror
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Sharkia, Egypt;
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18
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Pommerrenig B, Müdsam C, Kischka D, Neuhaus HE. Treat and trick: common regulation and manipulation of sugar transporters during sink establishment by the plant and the pathogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3930-3940. [PMID: 32242225 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport proteins are crucial for the coordinated allocation of sugars. In this Expert View we summarize recent key findings of the roles and regulation of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmentally dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, for example, during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks that trigger the plant to induce the same processes, resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmentally dependent processes and aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or genetic modification approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon the overexpression or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Wang Q, Huang Y, Ren Z, Zhang X, Ren J, Su J, Zhang C, Tian J, Yu Y, Gao GF, Li L, Kong Z. Transfer cells mediate nitrate uptake to control root nodule symbiosis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:800-808. [PMID: 32514144 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Root nodule symbiosis enables nitrogen fixation in legumes and, therefore, improves crop production for sustainable agriculture1,2. Environmental nitrate levels affect nodulation and nitrogen fixation, but the mechanisms by which legume plants modulate nitrate uptake to regulate nodule symbiosis remain unclear1. Here, we identify a member of the Medicago truncatula nitrate peptide family (NPF), NPF7.6, which is expressed specifically in the nodule vasculature. NPF7.6 localizes to the plasma membrane of nodule transfer cells (NTCs), where it functions as a high-affinity nitrate transporter. Transfer cells show characteristic wall ingrowths that enhance the capacity for membrane transport at the apoplasmic-symplasmic interface between the vasculature and surrounding tissues3. Importantly, knockout of NPF7.6 using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in developmental defects of the nodule vasculature, with excessive expansion of NTC plasma membranes. npf7.6 nodules showed severely compromised nitrate responsiveness caused by an attenuated ability to transport nitrate. Moreover, npf7.6 nodules exhibited disturbed nitric oxide homeostasis and a notable decrease in nitrogenase activity. Our findings indicate that NPF7.6 has been co-opted into a regulatory role in nodulation, functioning in nitrate uptake through NTCs to fine-tune nodule symbiosis in response to fluctuating environmental nitrate status. These observations will inform efforts to optimize nitrogen fixation in legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yige Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Famiani F, Bonghi C, Chen ZH, Drincovich MF, Farinelli D, Lara MV, Proietti S, Rosati A, Vizzotto G, Walker RP. Stone Fruits: Growth and Nitrogen and Organic Acid Metabolism in the Fruits and Seeds-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572601. [PMID: 33101339 PMCID: PMC7546786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stone fruits of the Rosaceae family consist of several distinct parts, and these include the flesh, woody endocarp, and seed. To understand the metabolism of these fruits, it is necessary to have knowledge of both their structure and growth characteristics. The nitrogen metabolism of the different tissues of stone fruits is interlinked. For example, there is an import and storage of nitrogenous compounds in the endocarp that are then exported to the seed. Moreover, there are links between the metabolism of nitrogen and that of malic/citric acids. In this article, the structure and growth characteristics, together with the import/export, contents, metabolism, and functions of nitrogenous compounds and organic acids in the different parts of stone fruits and their seeds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Franco Famiani, ; Robert P. Walker,
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Zhi-Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - María F. Drincovich
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniela Farinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - María V. Lara
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Simona Proietti
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano (TR), Italy
| | - Adolfo Rosati
- CREA Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Giannina Vizzotto
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Franco Famiani, ; Robert P. Walker,
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21
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Plasmodesmata Conductivity Regulation: A Mechanistic Model. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120595. [PMID: 31842374 PMCID: PMC6963776 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells form a multicellular symplast via cytoplasmic bridges called plasmodesmata (Pd) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that crosses almost all plant tissues. The Pd proteome is mainly represented by secreted Pd-associated proteins (PdAPs), the repertoire of which quickly adapts to environmental conditions and responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the important role of Pd in stress-induced reactions is universally recognized, the mechanisms of Pd control are still not fully understood. The negative role of callose in Pd permeability has been convincingly confirmed experimentally, yet the roles of cytoskeletal elements and many PdAPs remain unclear. Here, we discuss the contribution of each protein component to Pd control. Based on known data, we offer mechanistic models of mature leaf Pd regulation in response to stressful effects.
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22
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Salinity Effects on Sugar Homeostasis and Vascular Anatomy in the Stem of the Arabidopsis Thaliana Inflorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133167. [PMID: 31261714 PMCID: PMC6651052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of sugar metabolism and partitioning plays an essential role for a plant’s acclimation to its environment, with specific responses in autotrophic and heterotrophic organs. In this work, we analyzed the effects of high salinity on sugar partitioning and vascular anatomy within the floral stem. Stem sucrose and fructose content increased, while starch reduced, in contrast to the response observed in rosette leaves of the same plants. In the stem, the effects were associated with changes in the expression of SWEET and TMT2 genes encoding sugar transporters, SUSY1 encoding a sucrose synthase and several FRK encoding fructokinases. By contrast, the expression of SUC2, SWEET11 and SWEET12, encoding sugar transporters for phloem loading, remained unchanged in the stem. Both the anatomy of vascular tissues and the composition of xylem secondary cell walls were altered, suggesting that high salinity triggered major readjustments of sugar partitioning in this heterotrophic organ. There were changes in the composition of xylem cell walls, associated with the collapse and deformation of xylem vessels. The data are discussed regarding sugar partitioning and homeostasis of sugars in the vascular tissues of the stem.
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