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Takahashi Y. ACL5 acquired strict thermospermine synthesis activity during the emergence of vascular plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2669-2681. [PMID: 38587066 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Norspermine (Nspm), one of the uncommon polyamines (PAs), was detected in bryophytes and lycophytes; therefore, the aminopropyltransferases involved in the synthesis of Nspm were investigated. The enzymatic activity was evaluated by the transient high expression of various aminopropyltransferase genes in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by quantification of PA distribution in the leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bryophyte orthologues of ACL5, which is known to synthesise thermospermine (Tspm) in flowering plants, were found to have strong Nspm synthesis activity. In addition, two ACL5 orthologous with different substrate specificities were conserved in Selaginella moellendorffii, one of which was involved in Tspm synthesis and the other in Nspm synthesis. Therefore, further detailed analysis using these two factors revealed that the β-hairpin structural region consisting of β-strands 1 and 2 at the N-terminus of ACL5 is involved in substrate specificity. Through functional analysis of a total of 40 ACL5 genes in 33 organisms, including algae, it was shown that ACL5 has changed its substrate specificity several times during plant evolution and diversification. Furthermore, it was strongly suggested that ACL5 acquired strict Tspm synthesis activity during the emergence of vascular plants, especially through major changes around the β-hairpin structural region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
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Rahman A, Tajti J, Majláth I, Janda T, Prerostova S, Ahres M, Pál M. Influence of a phyA Mutation on Polyamine Metabolism in Arabidopsis Depends on Light Spectral Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1689. [PMID: 37111912 PMCID: PMC10146636 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of phyA mutations on polyamine metabolism in Arabidopsis under different spectral compositions. Polyamine metabolism was also provoked with exogenous spermine. The polyamine metabolism-related gene expression of the wild type and phyA plants responded similarly under white and far-red light conditions but not at blue light. Blue light influences rather the synthesis side, while far red had more pronounced effects on the catabolism and back-conversion of the polyamines. The observed changes under elevated far-red light were less dependent on PhyA than the blue light responses. The polyamine contents were similar under all light conditions in the two genotypes without spermine application, suggesting that a stable polyamine pool is important for normal plant growth conditions even under different spectral conditions. However, after spermine treatment, the blue regime had more similar effects on synthesis/catabolism and back-conversion to the white light than the far-red light conditions. The additive effects of differences observed on the synthesis, back-conversion and catabolism side of metabolism may be responsible for the similar putrescine content pattern under all light conditions, even in the presence of an excess of spermine. Our results demonstrated that both light spectrum and phyA mutation influence polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altafur Rahman
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Judit Tajti
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Imre Majláth
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Sylva Prerostova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 11720 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Ahres
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Magda Pál
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
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Zhong M, Yue L, Liu W, Qin H, Lei B, Huang R, Yang X, Kang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Polyamine Uptake Transporter (Put) Gene Family in Tomatoes and the Role of Put2 in Response to Salt Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020228. [PMID: 36829787 PMCID: PMC9952195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyamine uptake transporter (Put), an important polyamines-related protein, is involved in plant cell growth, developmental processes, and abiotic stimuli, but no research on the Put family has been carried out in the tomato. Herein, eight tomato Put were identified and scattered across four chromosomes, which were classified into three primary groups by phylogenetic analysis. Protein domains and gene structural organization also showed a significant degree of similarity, and the Put genes were significantly induced by various hormones and polyamines. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that Put genes were expressed in all tissues of the tomato. The majority of Put genes were induced by different abiotic stresses. Furthermore, Put2 transcription was found to be responsive to salt stress, and overexpression of Put2 in yeast conferred salinity tolerance and polyamine uptake. Moreover, overexpression of Put2 in tomatoes promoted salinity tolerance accompanied by a decrease in the Na+/K+ ratio, restricting the generation of reactive oxygen and increasing polyamine metabolism and catabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, APX, and POD), and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity (GSH/GSSG and ASA/DHA ratios, GABA, and flavonoid content); loss of function of put2 produced opposite effects. These findings highlight that Put2 plays a pivotal role in mediating polyamine synthesis and catabolism, and the antioxidant capacity in tomatoes, providing a valuable gene for salinity tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lingqi Yue
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongyi Qin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yunyan Kang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (Y.K.)
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Mei X, Hu L, Song Y, Zhou C, Mu R, Xie X, Li J, Xiang L, Weng Q, Yang Z. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Polyamine Oxidase Homologs and Their Involvement in Stresses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11880-11891. [PMID: 36106904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a key enzyme maintaining polyamine homeostasis, which affects plant physiological activities. Until now, the gene members and function of PAOs in tea (Camellia sinenesis) have not been fully identified. Here, through the expression in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana, we identified six genes annotated as CsPAO in tea genome and transcriptome and determined their enzyme reaction modes and gene expression profiles in tea cultivar 'Yinghong 9'. We found that CsPAO1,2,3 could catalyze spermine, thermospermine, and norspermidine, and CsPAO2,3 could catalyze spermidine in the back-conversion mode, which indicated that the precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid might originate from the oxidation of putrescin but not spermidine. We further investigated the changes of CsPAO activity with temperature and pH and their stability. Kinetic parameters suggested that CsPAO2 was the major PAO modifying polyamine composition in tea, and it could be inactivated by β-hydroxyethylhydrazine and aminoguanidine. Putrescine content and CsPAO2 expression were high in tea flowers. CsPAO2 responded to wound, drought, and salt stress; CsPAO1 might be the main member responding to cold stress; anoxia induced CsPAO3. We conclude that in terms of phylogenetic tree, enzyme characteristics, and expression profile, CsPAO2 might be the dominant CsPAO in the polyamine degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Liuhong Hu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Yuyan Song
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Caibi Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Xintai Xie
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Qingbei Weng
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Sagor GHM, Simm S, Kim DW, Niitsu M, Kusano T, Berberich T. Effect of thermospermine on expression profiling of different gene using massive analysis of cDNA ends (MACE) and vascular maintenance in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:577-586. [PMID: 33854285 PMCID: PMC7981342 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana polyamine oxidase 5 gene (AtPAO5) functions as a thermospermine (T-Spm) oxidase. Aerial growth of its knock-out mutant (Atpao5-2) was significantly repressed by low dose(s) of T-Spm but not by other polyamines. To figure out the underlying mechanism, massive analysis of 3'-cDNA ends was performed. Low dose of T-Spm treatment modulates more than two fold expression 1,398 genes in WT compared to 3186 genes in Atpao5-2. Cell wall, lipid and secondary metabolisms were dramatically affected in low dose T-Spm-treated Atpao5-2, in comparison to other pathways such as TCA cycle-, amino acid- metabolisms and photosynthesis. The cell wall pectin metabolism, cell wall proteins and degradation process were highly modulated. Intriguingly Fe-deficiency responsive genes and drought stress-induced genes were also up-regulated, suggesting the importance of thermospermi'ne flux on regulation of gene network. Histological observation showed that the vascular system of the joint part between stem and leaves was structurally dissociated, indicating its involvement in vascular maintenance. Endogenous increase in T-Spm and reduction in H2O2 contents were found in mutant grown in T-Spm containing media. The results indicate that T-Spm homeostasis by a fine tuned balance of its synthesis and catabolism is important for maintaining gene regulation network and the vascular system in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. H. M. Sagor
- Plant Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Stefan Simm
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Masaru Niitsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 370-0290 Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kusano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - Thomas Berberich
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Polyamines are small organic compounds found in all living organisms. According to the high degree of positive charge at physiological pH, they interact with negatively charged macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and modulate their activities. In plants, polyamines, some of which are presented as a conjugated form with cinnamic acids and proteins, are involved in a variety of physiological processes. In recent years, the study of plant polyamines, such as their biosynthetic and catabolic pathways and the roles they play in cellular processes, has flourished, becoming an exciting field of research. There is accumulating evidence that polyamine oxidation, the main catabolic pathway of polyamines, may have a potential role as a source of hydrogen peroxide. The papers in this Special Issue highlight new discoveries and research in the field of plant polyamine biology. The information will help to stimulate further research and make readers aware of the link between their own work and topics related to polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Yu Z, Jia D, Liu T. Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31234345 PMCID: PMC6632040 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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