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Shafi S, Khan MA, Wani FJ, Sheikh FA, Ganai SA, Mughal NM, Shikari AB, Varshney RK, Djalovic I, Mir RR. Comprehensive biochemical approach for understanding the interaction between host "common bean" and pathogen " Colletotrichum lindemuthianum" causing bean anthracnose. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2005-2020. [PMID: 38222272 PMCID: PMC10784445 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Anthracnose (ANT) caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the most devastating seed-borne fungal disease of common bean. In response to fungal infections, it is hypothesized that pathogen-plant interactions typically cause hypersensitive reactions by producing reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. esent study was conducted by inoculating susceptible bean genotype "SB174" and resistant bean genotype "E10" with pathogen "C. lindemuthianum". Defense-related enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, lipid peroxidase, and catalase) and C-based compounds (total phenols and flavonoids) were studied using the detached bean leaf method. Comparative defense response was studied in different plant tissues (pod, stem, and seed) in susceptible and resistant bean genotypes under uninoculated and pathogen-inoculated conditions. The host‒pathogen interaction was studied at mock inoculation, 2, 4 and 6 days after inoculation (dai). Comparing the pathogen-inoculated bean leaves to water-treated bean leaves, defense enzymes as well as total phenols and flavonoids exhibited differential expression. In a comparative study, the enzyme activity also displayed differential biochemical responses in pods, stems and seeds in both contrasting genotypes. For example, 5.1-fold (pod), 1.5-fold (stem) and 1.06-fold (seed) increases in ascorbate peroxidase activity were observed in the susceptible genotype at 6 dai compared to mock inoculation. Similarly, catalase activity in pods was upregulated (1.47-fold) in the resistant genotype and downregulated (1.30-fold) in the susceptible genotype at 6 dai. The study revealed that defense-related antioxidative enzymes, phenols and flavonoids are fine-tuned to detoxify important reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules, induce systemic resistance and are successfully controlled in common bean plants against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Shafi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Mohd Anwar Khan
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Fehim Jeelani Wani
- Division of Agricultural Economics & Statistics, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Najeeb M Mughal
- Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025 India
| | - Asif Bashir Shikari
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Varshney
- Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA Australia
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201 India
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Hwang SH, Maung CEH, Noh JS, Cho JY, Kim KY. Butyl succinate-mediated control of Bacillus velezensis ce 100 for apple anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad247. [PMID: 37903743 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Microbial biocontrol agents have become an effective option to mitigate the harmfulness of chemical pesticides in recent years. This study demonstrates the control efficacy of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 on the anthracnose causal agent, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro antifungal assays revealed that the culture filtrate and volatile organic compounds of B. velezensis CE 100 strongly restricted the mycelial development of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, a bioactive compound, butyl succinate, was isolated from the n-butanol crude extract of B. velezensis CE 100 (bce), and identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization hybrid ion-trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Treatment with purified butyl succinate at a concentration of 300 μg mL-1 strongly controlled conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 98.66%, whereas butyl succinate at a concentration of 400 μg mL-1 showed weak antifungal action on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 31.25%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphologies of butyl succinate-treated hyphae and conidia of C. gloeosporioides were severely deformed with shriveled and wrinkled surfaces. Furthermore, butyl succinate was able to control carbendazim-resistant C. gloeosporioides, demonstrating that it could be a promising agent for the suppression of other carbendazim-resistant fungal pathogens. An in vivo biocontrol assay demonstrated that the strain ce 100 broth culture and butyl succinate showed higher control efficacy on apple anthracnose than bce. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into the antifungal potential of B. velezensis ce 100 and its butyl succinate for efficient control of phytopathogenic fungi, such as C. gloeosporiodes, in plant disease protection. This is the first study to demonstrate the antifungal potential of bacteria-derived butyl succinate for control of C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaw Ei Htwe Maung
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Su Noh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Marquez-Blanco MG, Meas-Vong Y, Guerrero-Aguilar BZ, Rivero-Montejo SDJ, Contreras-Medina LM, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG, González-Chavira MM, Ortega-Torres AE. Management of Antracnosis with Electrochemically Activated Salt Solutions (EASSs) on Bean Culture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:964. [PMID: 37508394 PMCID: PMC10375947 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop for food security and for national economics for several countries worldwide. One of the most important factors of risk in common bean production is the fungal disease anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, which, in some cases, causes complete yield losses; this kind of plant disease is usually managed through the application of chemical products such as fungicides that are commonly not accepted by society. This rejection is based on the relationship of pesticides with health damage and environmental contamination. In order to help in solving these drawbacks, the present work proposes the use of electrochemically activated salt solutions (EASSs) as a safer pathogen control agent in crops, due to it having shown an elicitor and biostimulant effect on plants. With this background, this manuscript presents in vitro results of the evaluation of the inhibitory effect for multiple bean pathogens and in vivo results of EASS in the common bean-Colletotrichum pathosystem by evaluation of the infection severity and defense activation, such as secondary metabolite production and antioxidant activity. EASS presence in growth media had a strong inhibitory effect at the beginning of experiments for some of the evaluated fungi. EASSs showed an effect against the development of the disease when applied in specific doses to prevent distress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Marquez-Blanco
- Grupo de Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Centro de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Biosistemas (CARB-CIAB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Yunny Meas-Vong
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica (CIDETEQ), Parque Tecnológico, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Mexico
| | - Brenda Z Guerrero-Aguilar
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Bajío, Celaya 38496, Mexico
| | - Samantha de J Rivero-Montejo
- Grupo de Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Centro de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Biosistemas (CARB-CIAB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Contreras-Medina
- Grupo de Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Centro de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Biosistemas (CARB-CIAB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Irineo Torres-Pacheco
- Grupo de Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Centro de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Biosistemas (CARB-CIAB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González
- Grupo de Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Centro de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Biosistemas (CARB-CIAB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Mario Martin González-Chavira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Bajío, Celaya 38496, Mexico
| | - Adrian Esteban Ortega-Torres
- Grupo de Ingeniería en Biosistemas, Centro de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Biosistemas (CARB-CIAB), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
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Kumar D, Ohri P. Say "NO" to plant stresses: Unravelling the role of nitric oxide under abiotic and biotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:36-57. [PMID: 36460229 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gaseous molecule, which plays different roles in different strata of organisms. Discovered as a neurotransmitter in animals, NO has now gained a significant place in plant signaling cascade. NO regulates plant growth and several developmental processes including germination, root formation, stomatal movement, maturation and defense in plants. Due to its gaseous state, it is unchallenging for NO to reach different parts of cell and counterpoise antioxidant pool. Various abiotic and biotic stresses act on plants and affect their growth and development. NO plays a pivotal role in alleviating toxic effects caused by various stressors by modulating oxidative stress, antioxidant defense mechanism, metal transport and ion homeostasis. It also modulates the activity of some transcriptional factors during stress conditions in plants. Besides its role during stress conditions, interaction of NO with other signaling molecules such as other gasotransmitters (hydrogen sulfide), phytohormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellin, ethylene, brassinosteroids, cytokinins and auxin), ions, polyamines, etc. has been demonstrated. These interactions play vital role in alleviating plant stress by modulating defense mechanisms in plants. Taking all these aspects into consideration, the current review focuses on the role of NO and its interaction with other signaling molecules in regulating plant growth and development, particularly under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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5
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Exploring the mechanism of Akebia trifoliata fruit cracking based on cell-wall metabolism. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sreevani K, Anierudhe VV. Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum Oxide Nanoparticles by Green Method Useful in Antifungal Applications Against Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles is done by the reduction of Ammonium molybdate with the extract from the leaves of Citrus sinensis. The optical studies like Fourier Transform Infrared studies and UV-vis-NIR gives insight on the details of presence
of functional groups and absorption of light. The X ray diffraction studies reveal its crystallinity and its particle size have been calculated. The zeta potential, which is used to characterize the metal nanoparticles, has been studied. The antifungal property of the nanoparticles has been
studied and a plot for disease index has been discussed. This natural method of synthesizing the molybdenum oxide nanoparticles can find numerous applications in biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sreevani
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chennai Institute of Technology, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. V. Anierudhe
- Department of Biotechnology, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai 600048, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sarkar A, Chakraborty N, Acharya K. Chitosan nanoparticles mitigate Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli in nitric oxide dependent way. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:64-73. [PMID: 35390705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on protection of emerging Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli by application of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP). CNP was prepared by ionotropic gelation method and characterized. Antifungal potential of CNP was also checked against Alternaria alternata and its mechanisms were unraveled. Foliar application of CNP (0.001%) improved plant innate immunity in two chilli cultivars (one tolerant and one susceptible) by inducing the activities of different defense related enzymes along with total phenol and flavonoid. CNP application also induced callose deposition and reduced cell death in both the cultivar. Signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) also augmented in CNP treated sets which were confirmed by both biochemical and microscopic data. In order to find out involvement of NO in CNP induced innate immunity in chilli cultivars, both NO surplus and NO depleted conditions were artificially created and defense responses were recorded. It was interesting to note that CNP mediated enhancement of defense responses in chilli plants was compromised in NO depleted condition. These results signify possible involvement of NO in CNP induced defense responses in chilli plants. It is evident from our results that CNP can be used to protect chilli plants against this fungal disease to develop a sustainable management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | | | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Zhu L, Yang Q, Yu X, Fu X, Jin H, Yuan F. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal a Potential Mechanism to Improve Soybean Resistance to Anthracnose. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850829. [PMID: 35574068 PMCID: PMC9094087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, leads to large-scale reduction in quality and yield in soybean production. Limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance to anthracnose in soybean. We conducted a transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analysis of pods from two soybean lines, "Zhechun No. 3" (ZC3) and ZC-2, in response to C. truncatum infection. Factors contributing to the enhanced resistance of ZC-2 to anthracnose compared with that of ZC3, included signal transduction (jasmonic acid, auxin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ca2+ signaling), transcription factors (WRKY and bHLH), resistance genes (PTI1, RPP13, RGA2, RPS6, and ULP2B), pathogenesis-related genes (chitinase and lipid transfer protein), and terpenoid metabolism. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that terpenoid metabolism responded more promptly and more intensely to C. truncatum infection in ZC-2 than in ZC3. In vitro antifungal activity and resistance induction test confirmed that jasmonic acid, auxin signaling and terpenoids played important roles in soybean resistance to anthracnose. This research is the first study to explore the molecular mechanisms of soybean resistance to anthracnose. The findings are important for in-depth analysis of molecular resistance mechanisms, discovery of resistance genes, and to expedite the breeding of anthracnose-resistant soybean cultivars.
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Shukla V, Kumar S, Tripathi YN, Upadhyay RS. Bacillus subtilis- and Pseudomonas fluorescens-Mediated Systemic Resistance in Tomato Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Study of Physio-Chemical Alterations. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:851002. [PMID: 37746200 PMCID: PMC10512241 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.851002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a comparative study between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) signaling and antioxidative enzymatic signaling and deals with induced systemic resistance (ISR) in enhancing the disease resistance in typical tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) infected by the collar rot fungus, Sclerotium rolfsii (Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii) by priming with Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and their microbial consortia by a single strain of Bacillus subtilis, and P. fluorescens as well as by developed microbial consortium with both bacteria. Leaf samples were collected after different durations of pathogen inoculation, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4 days, and the systemic level of oxidative stress parameters, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), photosynthetic apparatus, superoxide radicals, and enzymatic antioxidants, were studied. Plant mortality under various treatments in two different seasons was calculated. The highest H2O2 was scavenged by the microbial consortium-treated plants (B1P1) and the lowest in pathogen-challenged plants (PC) compared to the untreated control. Cellular damage and reduction in the chlorophyll pigments were the highest at 48 h, and the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) was evaluated from 24 to 96 h; the lowest values were observed for pathogen-challenged plants and the highest for B1P1. Enzymatic antioxidants showed the maximum value for B1P1 and the minimum for PC compared to the unchallenged control. Furthermore, an analysis of variance and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted to examine the effect of the evaluation time (ET) and inoculation conditions (ICs) alone and in combination (ET × IC) on the physiological and biochemical parameters; accordingly, the score and the loading plots were constructed. Tomato root sections inoculated with different treatments were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to validate the potentiality of primed biocontrol agents in controlling the invasion of the pathogen. Further studies on the potential of this isolate to enhance the plant growth at the field level would strengthen the possibility of using the isolate as an alternative for organic fertilizers and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Shukla
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advance Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Chakraborty N. Salicylic acid and nitric oxide cross-talks to improve innate immunity and plant vigor in tomato against Fusarium oxysporum stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1415-1427. [PMID: 34109470 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foliar application of SA cross-talks and induce endogenous nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species to improve innate immunity and vigor of tomato plant against Fusarium oxysporum stress. The present investigation was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of salicylic acid (SA), as a powerful elicitor or plant growth regulator (PGR) and its cross-talk with nitric oxide (NO) in tomato against the biotic stress caused by wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Different defense-related enzymes and gene expression, phenol, flavonoid, and phenolic acid content along with NO generation and other physiological characters have been estimated after foliar application of SA. Total chlorophyll content was steadily maintained and the amount of death of cells was negligible after 72 h of SA treatment. Significant reduction of disease incidence was also recorded in SA treated sets. Simultaneously, NO generation was drastically improved at this stage, which has been justified by both spectrophotometrically and microscopically. A direct correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NO has been established. Production of defense enzymes, gene expressions, different phenolic acids was positively influenced by SA treatment. However, tomato plants treated with SA along with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor or NO scavenger significantly reduce all those parameters tested. On the other hand, NO donor-treated plants showed the same inductive effect like SA. Furthermore, SA treated seeds of tomato also showed improved physiological parameters like higher seedling vigor index, shoot and root length, mean trichome density, etc. It is speculated that the cross-talk between SA and endogenous NO have tremendous ability to improve defense responses and growth of the tomato plant. It can be utilized in future sustainable agriculture for bimodal action.
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Systemic Resistance in Chilli Pepper against Anthracnose (Caused by Colletotrichum truncatum) Induced by Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum and Paenibacillus dendritiformis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040307. [PMID: 33923782 PMCID: PMC8073547 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma asperellum were appraised as potential biocontrol agents that induce resistance in chilli (Capsicum annuum) against the devastating pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum, which causes anthracnose. Bright-field and scanning electron micrographs showed the hyphal degradation, lysis, and abnormal swelling in C. truncatum against P. dendritiformis in a dual plate assay. Under greenhouse conditions, chilli seeds pretreated with P. dendritiformis, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum by soil soak method inflicted an induced systemic resistance (ISR) in chilli against a C. truncatum-challenged condition. In chilli, the disease index percentage was significantly reduced in the T. asperellum + T. harzianum-treated seeds, followed by the T. harzianum-, T. asperellum-, and P. dendritiformis-treated seeds as compared to the untreated and challenged, respectively. Chilli seeds were primed with T. asperellum + T. harzianum (78.67%), which revealed maximum disease protection under the challenged condition, followed by T. harzianum (70%), T. asperellum (64%), and P. dendritiformis (56%) as compared to untreated and C. truncatum-challenged (6%) condition served as control. The seeds that were pretreated with biocontrol agents (BCAs) inflicted ISR against C. truncatum by enhancing the activity of defence-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)), accumulating phenolic compounds, and increasing the relative chlorophyll content in chilli. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) stains were used to detect the accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide that appeared nearby the fungal infection sites. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O2− and H2O2) in the pathogen-inoculated leaves was a maximum of 48 hpi, followed by P. dendritiformis, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum treated tissue upon C. truncatum-challenged condition as compared to the control. Overall, our results showed the potential of T. harzianum, T. asperellum, and P. dendritiformis as biocontrol agents that prevent infection by C. truncatum and inflict an induced systemic resistance in chilli by enhancing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, defence and antioxidative enzymes, and reducing the lesion development and reactive oxygen species accumulation. This is the first report of induced systemic resistance against anthracnose in chilli obtained by application of T. harzianum, T. asperellum and P. dendritiformis, through seed priming.
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Sarkar J, Chakraborty N, Chatterjee A, Bhattacharjee A, Dasgupta D, Acharya K. Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Ameliorate Defence and Antioxidant Enzymes in Lens culinaris. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E312. [PMID: 32059367 PMCID: PMC7075127 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in a cost-effective and eco-friendly way has gained its importance. CuONPs has been prepared from copper sulfate by using Adiantum lunulatum whole plant extract. CuONPs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, transmission electron microscope, etc. Mono-disperse, spherical, pure, and highly stable CuONPs have formed with an average diameter of 6.5 ± 1.5 nm. Biosynthesized CuONPs at different concentrations were applied to seeds of Lens culinaris. Physiological characteristics were investigated in the germinated seeds. Roots obtained from the seeds treated with 0.025 mgmL-1 concentration of CuONPs showed highest activity of different defence enzymes and total phenolics. However, at higher concentration it becomes close to control. It showed gradual increase of antioxidative enzymes, in accordance with the increasing dose of CuONPs. Likewise, lipid peroxidation and proline content gradually increased with the increasing concentration. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation was also altered due to CuONPs treatment indicating stress signal transduction. Finally, this study provides a new approach of the production of valuable CuONPs, is a unique, economical, and handy tool for large scale saleable production which can also be used as a potent plant defence booster instead of other commercial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Garia, Kolkata 700084, India;
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India; (N.C.); (A.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India;
| | - Avisek Bhattacharjee
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India; (N.C.); (A.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Disha Dasgupta
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India; (N.C.); (A.B.); (D.D.)
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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Zhao WT, Liu QP, Chen HY, Zhao W, Gao Y, Yang XL. Two novel eremophylane acetophenone conjugates from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Fitoterapia 2020; 141:104474. [PMID: 31927010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two novel eremophylane acetophenone conjugates, colletotricholides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the solid fermentation cultures of an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides XL1200 isolated from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The chemical structures of 1-2 were characterized by extensive spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Structurally, compounds 1-2 are two unusual eremophylane acetophenone conjugates originating from the hybrid pathways of polyketide synthase and sesquiterpene synthase. In addition, compounds 1-2 were inactive against tested pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Pei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Ye Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Research &Development Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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