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Azhand M, Saeidi M, Beheshti Ale Agha A, Kahrizi D. Interaction of iron and zinc fortification and late-season water deficit on yield and fatty acid composition of Dragon's Head (Lallemantia iberica L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107882. [PMID: 37478727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica) is a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, essential oil, protein, and mucilage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of three different concentrations of Fe and Zn (control, 4, and 8 g lit-1) at two different developmental stages (vegetative stage (VS) and reproductive stage (RS)) on the quantity and quality of dragon's head seed yield and fatty acid composition in two crop seasons (2018 and 2019) under two environments (normal irrigation as control (NI) and post-anthesis water deficit (WD). In NI, average yields of seed, oil, and protein were 1155, 340, and 183 kg ha-1, respectively, and in the WD, they were 879, 283, and 148 kg ha-1, respectively. By applying Zn and Fe, the mean values of seed, oil, and protein yields in the NI were 1425, 478, and 264 kg ha-1, while in the WD, they were 1011, 354, and 200 kg ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, the application of WD resulted in a significant increase in zinc concentration, protein percentage, and saturated fatty acid percentage in seeds. Unlike WD, iron and zinc treatments decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids and increased the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. The number of capsules per plant had the most positive indirect effect on grain yield. The results showed that foliar spraying of Fe and Zn could effectively mitigate the adverse effects of WD on the quality and quantity of seed and oil yield dragon's head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Azhand
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ali Beheshti Ale Agha
- Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Danial Kahrizi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Razi University, Postal Code: 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
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Heydarzadeh S, Arena C, Vitale E, Rahimi A, Mirzapour M, Nasar J, Kisaka O, Sow S, Ranjan S, Gitari H. Impact of Different Fertilizer Sources under Supplemental Irrigation and Rainfed Conditions on Eco-Physiological Responses and Yield Characteristics of Dragon's Head ( Lallemantia iberica). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1693. [PMID: 37111919 PMCID: PMC10143574 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the irrigation regime and different fertilizer sources on the eco-physiological responses and yield characteristics of dragon's head were explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in the 2019 growing season. The treatments included six different fertilizer sources (animal manure, vermicompost, poultry manure, biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and control) and two irrigation regimes (rainfed and supplemental irrigation). The results indicated the positive effects of supplementary irrigation and the application of vermicompost, poultry manure, and animal manure by increasing the absorption of nutrients (phosphorus and potassium) and improving relative water contents, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and the fixed oil percentage of dragon's head. The activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase decreased in the rainfed plants, whereas organic fertilizer application increased the antioxidant enzyme activity. The highest grain yield (721 kg ha-1), biological yield (5858 kg ha-1), total flavonoids (1.47 mg g-1 DW), total phenol (27.90 mg g-1 DW), fixed oil yield (200.17 kg ha-1), and essential oil yield (1.18 kg ha-1) were noted in plants that were treated with vermicompost under supplemental irrigation. Therefore, it is recommended that organic fertilizers such as vermicompost and poultry manure be used to substitute chemical fertilizers. These practices can help popularize organic crops using rainfed and supplementary irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Heydarzadeh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 165-57153, Iran
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Amir Rahimi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 165-57153, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mirzapour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt P.O. Box 56100, Turkey
| | - Jamal Nasar
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Oscar Kisaka
- Department of Agroforestry and Rural Development, University of Kabianga, Kericho P.O. Box 2030-20200, Kenya
| | - Sumit Sow
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Ranjan
- Department of Agronomy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Harun Gitari
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844-00100, Kenya
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Can Nanofertilizers Mitigate Multiple Environmental Stresses for Higher Crop Productivity? SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global food production for the worldwide population mainly depends on the huge contributions of the agricultural sector. The cultivated crops of foods need various elements or nutrients to complete their growth, and these are indirectly consumed by humans. During this production, several environmental constraints or stresses may cause losses in the global agricultural production. These obstacles may include abiotic and biotic stresses, which have already been studied in both individual and combined cases. However, there are very few studies on multiple stresses. On the basis of the myriad benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture, nanofertilizers (or nanonutrients) have become promising tools for agricultural sustainability. Nanofertilizers are also the proper solution to overcoming the environmental and health problems that can result from conventional fertilizers. The role of nanofertilizers has increased, especially under different environmental stresses, which can include individual, combined, and multiple stresses. The stresses are most commonly the result of nature; however, studies are still needed on the different stress levels. Nanofertilizers can play a crucial role in supporting cultivated plants under stress and in improving the plant yield, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Similar to other biological issues, many open-ended questions still require further investigation: Is the right time and era for nanofertilizers in agriculture? Will the nanofertilizers be the dominant source of nutrients in modern agriculture? Are nanofertilizers, and particularly biological synthesized ones, the magic solution for sustainable agriculture? What are the expected damages of multiple stresses on plants?
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Cao P, Wang G, Wei XM, Chen SL, Han JP. How to improve CHMs quality: Enlighten from CHMs ecological cultivation. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:301-312. [PMID: 36118933 PMCID: PMC9476809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are one of the important bioresources of medicine, which works by unlocking nature's ability to prevent diseases and recover from illnesses. Recently, it has ascended to the world stage and become a global icon. Nowadays, a considerable of researches have focused on the quality evaluation of CHMs. However, it is difficult to meet the reasonable needs of human beings for safe drug use to evaluate the quality of a huge number of inferior goods for the CHMs contaminated by pesticides and heavy metals. Hence to explore an eligible medicinal plant cultivation pattern, which can provide high quality CHMs sustainably, is most promising. This review analyzed the situation and characteristics of medicinal plant resources in different periods, including wild-harvested and cultivated resources during different stages, putting forward that ecological cultivation must be the way to develop medicinal plant cultivation and to obtain high quality CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-min Wei
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shi-lin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian-ping Han
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Naservafaei S, Sohrabi Y, Moradi P, Mac Sweeney E, Mastinu A. Biological Response of Lallemantia iberica to Brassinolide Treatment under Different Watering Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030496. [PMID: 33807761 PMCID: PMC8000778 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lallemantia iberica (L. iberica) is an important dry season medicinal plant. Drought, an important abiotic stress, adversely affects the plant’s metabolism, which can be alleviated by plant growth regulators like brassinolides. A two-year field experiment was conducted in 2017–2018 to determine the effects of three different irrigation regimes and four brassinolide concentrations on the L. iberica biochemical properties. A split-plot based on a completely randomized block design in three replicates was used as an experimental design with the following irrigation regimes: full watering, watering until flowering and watering until branching. These were the main plots, and 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 μM brassinolide concentrations were applied as the subplots. The results showed that many antioxidant enzymes and some biochemical parameters were affected by brassinolide treatment. Furthermore, the highest membrane stability and grain yield were produced in full watering treatment in the second year, and these treatments were not affected by brassinolide application. Several concentrations of brassinolide differently affected the studied treatments, and our study suggests that the amelioration of the effects of the drought stress on L. iberica could possibly be achieved through brassinolide-induced elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging defense systems. There is a need for complementary research to prove the effectiveness of foliar application of this growth regulator to improve the growth and yield of L. iberica under water shortage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Naservafaei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66314, Iran;
| | - Yousef Sohrabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66314, Iran;
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Parviz Moradi
- Research of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Zanjan 45617, Iran;
| | - Eileen Mac Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (A.M.)
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