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Fernandez SA, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Ras-Carmona A, Mozas-Gutierrez J, Reyes-Manzanas R, Reche PA. Eucalyptus Essential Oil Inhibits Cell Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1885. [PMID: 39200349 PMCID: PMC11351113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health concern due to infections with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, finding effective preventive and therapeutic treatments against all SARS-CoV-2 variants is of great interest. In this study, we examined the capacity of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and eucalyptol (EOL) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, using as a model SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus) and 293T cells transfected with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2-293T cells). First, we determined the cytotoxicity of EEO and EOL using the MTT colorimetric assay, selecting non-cytotoxic concentrations ≤ 0.1% (v/v) for further analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the capacity of EEO and EOL in cell cultures to preclude infection of hACE2-293T cells by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, using a luciferase-based assay. We found that EEO and EOL significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, obtaining IC50 values of 0.00895% and 0.0042% (v/v), respectively. Likewise, EEO and EOL also reduced infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus, although higher concentrations were required. Hence, EEO and EOL may be able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least partially, through a Spike-independent pathway, supporting the implementation of aromatherapy with these agents as a cost-effective antiviral measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Reyes-Manzanas
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramon y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.F.); (H.F.P.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramon y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.F.); (H.F.P.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
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2
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Yamin R, Ahmad I, Khalid H, Perveen A, Abbasi SW, Nishan U, Sheheryar S, Moura AA, Ahmed S, Ullah R, Ali EA, Shah M, Chandra Ojha S. Identifying plant-derived antiviral alkaloids as dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike glycoprotein through computational screening. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1369659. [PMID: 39086396 PMCID: PMC11288853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1369659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is currently considered the ninth-deadliest pandemic, spreading through direct or indirect contact with infected individuals. It has imposed a consistent strain on both the financial and healthcare resources of many countries. To address this challenge, there is a pressing need for the development of new potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease. To identify potential antiviral agents as novel dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, we retrieved 404 alkaloids from 12 selected medicinal antiviral plants and virtually screened them against the renowned catalytic sites and favorable interacting residues of two essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely, the main protease and spike glycoprotein. Based on docking scores, 12 metabolites with dual inhibitory potential were subjected to drug-likeness, bioactivity scores, and drug-like ability analyses. These analyses included the ligand-receptor stability and interactions at the potential active sites of target proteins, which were analyzed and confirmed through molecular dynamic simulations of the three lead metabolites. We also conducted a detailed binding free energy analysis of pivotal SARS-CoV-2 protein inhibitors using molecular mechanics techniques to reveal their interaction dynamics and stability. Overall, our results demonstrated that 12 alkaloids, namely, adouetine Y, evodiamide C, ergosine, hayatinine, (+)-homoaromoline, isatithioetherin C, N,alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide, pelosine, reserpine, toddalidimerine, toddayanis, and zanthocadinanine, are shortlisted as metabolites based on their interactions with target proteins. All 12 lead metabolites exhibited a higher unbound fraction and therefore greater distribution compared with the standards. Particularly, adouetine Y demonstrated high docking scores but exhibited a nonspontaneous binding profile. In contrast, ergosine and evodiamide C showed favorable binding interactions and superior stability in molecular dynamics simulations. Ergosine demonstrated exceptional performance in several key pharmaceutical metrics. Pharmacokinetic evaluations revealed that ergosine exhibited pronounced bioactivity, good absorption, and optimal bioavailability. Additionally, it was predicted not to cause skin sensitivity and was found to be non-hepatotoxic. Importantly, ergosine and evodiamide C emerged as superior drug candidates for dual inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 due to their strong binding affinity and drug-like ability, comparable to known inhibitors like N3 and molnupiravir. This study is limited by its in silico nature and demands the need for future in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Yamin
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hira Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asia Perveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sheheryar Sheheryar
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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3
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Singh P, Yadav S, Mahor AK, Singh PP, Bansal KK. Depiction of new flavonoids from Nyctanthus arbor-tristis, their antimicrobial activity and drug-likeness prediction. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38712534 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2345757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants, such as alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids, possess significant medicinal properties. These compounds have a broad and versatile impact on human nutrition and physiology, contributing to the treatment and management of various diseases. The isolation, structure elucidation and inhibition studies of two novel flavonoids against specific microorganisms, from the leaves of Nyctanthus arbor-tristis are reported in this study. It has been observed for the first time that the presence of an acyl aliphatic moiety, along with the O- glycoside unit at C-7, and the hydroxyl group at C-5, C-4' position in apigenin significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity. Moreover, bioactivity was also investigated through 'Molinspiration' on various parameters followed by the 'rule of five'. This study can be used to highlight the need for the potential development of natural therapeutic products with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Physical Science, Rabindra Nath Tagore University, Bhopal, India
| | - Surabhi Yadav
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bipin Bihari Degree College, Natural Product Laboratory, Jhansi, India
| | | | | | - Kuldeep K Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Souihi M, Kouki H, Amri I, Maalej I, Souissi A, Trabelsi I, Dhaouadi F, Hamrouni L, Mabrouk Y. Valorisation of essential oil of Eucalyptus populifolia Desf, Eucalyptus woollsiana and Eucalyptus exserta for agro-industrial purposes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38595153 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2338895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Forest species are characterized by their wealth of essential oils (EOs), which play key requested for alternative control methods against weeds, fungi and pests. This study reports the chemical composition and highlight the antioxidant, antifungal and phytotoxic properties of the EOs obtained from Eucalyptus populifolia Desf, Eucalyptus woollsiana and Eucalyptus exserta. The EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Their antioxidant, antifungal and phytotoxic properties were investigated. All EOs displayed a specific richness in eucalyptol (75.94-7.01%), camphene (6.97-0.4%) globulol (5.20-5.83%) and α-pinene (0.71-12.82 %). EOs isolated from E. populifolia exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Furthermore, all investigated EOs displayed significant antifungal properties against four phytopathogenic fungi belonging to Fusarium genus. The phytotoxic activity against five weeds showed varying effectiveness on seed germination and seedling growth, which exhibited greater effectiveness compared to glyphosate. Eucalyptus EOs have the potential to be used in the formulation of biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Souihi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology (LR16CNSTN01), National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Ariana, Tunisia
- Doctoral School of Computer Science, Communications, Design, and Environment (STICODE), University Campus of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Habiba Kouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology (LR16CNSTN01), National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology (LR16CNSTN01), National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ines Maalej
- Laboratory of Biomass Valorisation and Protein Production in Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amir Souissi
- Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Carthage University, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Imen Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Carthage University, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ferjani Dhaouadi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology (LR16CNSTN01), National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Research on Rural Engineering, Water, and Forests, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology (LR16CNSTN01), National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Ariana, Tunisia
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Tulsawani R, Verma K, Kohli E, Sharma P, Meena YS, Amitabh, Ponmariappan S, Kumar P, Maithani R. Anti-microbial efficacy of a scientifically developed and standardized herbal-alcohol sanitizer. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:77. [PMID: 38270599 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Hands are the primary mode of transmission of microbe-based infections, as they harbor normal microbiota and pathogenic microbes. SARS-CoV-2 has endangered lives worldwide, and WHO has recommended good hygiene practices, especially hand hygiene. In addition, other infectious diseases like diphtheria, measles, tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, etc. are spreading in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. The anti-microbial efficiency of two in-house developed herbal-alcohol based hand sanitizers containing Azadirachta indica, Citrus limon, Zingiber officinale, and Aloe vera (HS1) and Zingiber officinale replaced with Ocimum sanctum (HS2) was evaluated. HS1, with Zingiber officinale, and HS2, with Ocimum sanctum, herbal sanitizers showcased in-vitro anti-viral activity on MDCK cells using the reference strain of influenza A virus, A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), and reduced 99.99% of microbial load within 30 s of contact time, estimated by the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Method. On volunteers, HS1 and HS2 were more effective than alcohol-based WHO sanitizers. Moreover, HS2 sanitizer is more effective against viruses and has better efficiency and hedonic qualities in volunteers than HS1. These sanitizers don't irritate or dry up the skin and have a longer shelf life. Overall, findings reveal that herbal-alcohol-based sanitizers are promising hand hygiene products with the capability of reducing microbial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Tulsawani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kalyani Verma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Purva Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Singh Meena
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitabh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology (AIVI), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, India
| | - Rekha Maithani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
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Sharma AD, Chhabra R, Jain P, Kaur I, Amrita, Bhawna. Nanoemulsions (O/W) prepared from essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia: synthesis, characterization, stability and evaluation of anticancerous, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2438-2461. [PMID: 37640030 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2253584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil from Melaleuca alternifolia (also known as Tea tree essential oil, TTO) is used as traditional medicine and used as therapeutic in medicine, food and cosmetic sectors. However, this oil is highly unstable, volatile and prone to oxidation which limits its practical use. The objective of this study was synthesis of tea tree oil based O/W (oil/water) nanoemulsions (tea tree essential oil nanoemulsions, TNE) and evaluation of its biological potential. Physiological characterization was carried out using UV, fluorescent, and FT-IR techniques. Various biological activities such as anticancerous, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory were also estimated. Pharmacokinetics study on TNE was carried out. Encapsulation efficiency of nanoemulsions was found to be 83%. Nanoemulsions were spherical in shape with globule size 308 nm, zeta potential -9.42 and polydispersity index was 0.31. Nanoemulsions were stable even after 50 days of storage at different temperatures. Anti-oxidant potential of TNE was conducted by various assays and IC50 were: Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity:225.1, DPPH radical scavenging activity:30.66, Iron chelating assay:38.73, and Iron reducing assay:39.36. Notable anticancer activity was observed with the percent cell viability of HeLa cells after treatment with 1, 2 and 5 µl of TNE was 82%, 41% and 24%, respectively. Antidiabetic study revealed that TNE inhibited -amylase in a dose-dependent manner, with 88% inhibition at its higher volume of 250 µl. Drug kinetic study revealed that nanoemulsions exhibited first-order model. Based on this, the possible role of M. alternifolia oil-based nanoemulsions in cosmetic, food, and pharma sectors has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dev Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, India
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, India
| | - Amrita
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, India
| | - Bhawna
- Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, India
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Shurson GC, Urriola PE, Schroeder DC. Biosecurity and Mitigation Strategies to Control Swine Viruses in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2375. [PMID: 37508151 PMCID: PMC10376163 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
No system nor standardized analytical procedures at commercial laboratories exist to facilitate and accurately measure potential viable virus contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds globally. As a result, there is high uncertainty of the extent of swine virus contamination in global feed supply chains. Many knowledge gaps need to be addressed to improve our ability to prevent virus contamination and transmission in swine feed. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge involving: (1) the need for biosecurity protocols to identify production, processing, storage, and transportation conditions that may cause virus contamination of feed ingredients and complete feed; (2) challenges of measuring virus inactivation; (3) virus survival in feed ingredients during transportation and storage; (4) minimum infectious doses; (5) differences between using a food safety objective versus a performance objective as potential approaches for risk assessment in swine feed; (6) swine virus inactivation from thermal and irradiation processes, and chemical mitigants in feed ingredients and complete feed; (7) efficacy of virus decontamination strategies in feed mills; (8) benefits of functional ingredients, nutrients, and commercial feed additives in pig diets during a viral health challenge; and (9) considerations for improved risk assessment models of virus contamination in feed supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Declan C Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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8
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Ginting B, Chiari W, Duta TF, Hudaa S, Purnama A, Harapan H, Rizki DR, Puspita K, Idroes R, Meriatna M, Iqhrammullah M. COVID-19 pandemic sheds a new research spotlight on antiviral potential of essential oils - A bibliometric study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17703. [PMID: 37456016 PMCID: PMC10338973 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils are thought as potential therapies in managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many researchers have put their efforts to tackle the pandemic by exploring antiviral candidates which consequently changes the research landscape. Herein, we aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 pandemic toward the landscape of essential oil research. Methods This study employed bibliometric analysis based on the metadata of published literature indexed in the Scopus database. The search was performed on December 15th, 2022 by using keyword 'essential oil' and its synonyms. We grouped the data based on publication year; pre-COVID-19 (2014-2019) and during COVID-19 (2020-2024, some studies have been published earlier). Further, we separated the COVID-19-focused research from COVID-19 (2020-2024) by introducing a new keyword 'COVID-19' during the search. All metadata were processed using VoSviewer and Biblioshiny for network visualization analysis. Selections of frequently occurring keywords, clusters of keyword co-occurrence, and the list of most impactful papers were performed by two independent reviewers. Results Metadata from a total of 35,262 publications were included for bibliometric analysis, comprised of three groups of datasets namely pre-COVID-19 (n = 18,670), COVID-19 (n = 16,592), and COVID-19-focused (n = 281). Five research topics clusters were found from pre-COVID-19 dataset, eight - from COVID-19 dataset, and nine - from COVID-19-focused dataset. COVID-19 cluster containing the keyword 'antiviral' emerged in the COVID-19 dataset, whereas none of the previous research topic clusters contained the keyword 'antiviral'. Antiviral, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitory, and anti-inflammation activities were among the top occurring keywords in studies covering both essential oil and COVID-19. Studies on essential oil used for managing COVID-19 were most reported by authors from the United States (documents = 37, citations = 405), Australia (documents = 16, citations = 115) and Italy (documents = 23, citations = 366). Conclusion A significant increase was found during COVID-19 pandemic for publications covering essential oil themes, but only a small portion was occupied by COVID-19 research. The COVID-19 pandemic does not alter the ongoing progress of essential oil research but rather offers a new spotlight on the antiviral potential of essential oils. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to investigate deeper the antiviral potential of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binawati Ginting
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Williams Chiari
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Fais Duta
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Syihaabul Hudaa
- Department of Management, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta, Banten, 15419, Indonesia
| | - Agnia Purnama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Diva Rayyan Rizki
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Kana Puspita
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rinaldi Idroes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Herbal Medicine Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Meriatna Meriatna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, 24355, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh, 23243, Indonesia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23245, Indonesia
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Gupta VK, Park U, Siddiqi NJ, Huh YS, Sharma B. Amelioration of Hepatotoxic and Neurotoxic Effect of Cartap by Aloe vera in Wistar Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050472. [PMID: 37235286 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure can pose a serious risk to nontarget animals. Cartap is being broadly used in agricultural fields. The toxic effects of cartap on the levels of hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity have not been properly studied in mammalian systems. Therefore, the present work focused on the effect of cartap on the liver and brain of Wistar rats and made an assessment of the ameliorating potential of A. vera. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, comprising six rats in each: Group 1-Control; Group 2-A. vera; Group 3-Cartap; and Group 4-A. vera + Cartap. The animals orally given cartap and A. vera were sacrificed after 24 h of the final treatment and histological and biochemical investigations were conducted in liver and brain of Wistar rats. Cartap at sublethal concentrations caused substantial decreases in CAT, SOD, and GST levels in the experimental rats. The activity levels of transaminases and phosphatases in cartap group were also found to be substantially altered. The AChE activity was recorded as decreasing in RBC membrane and brain of the cartap-treated animals. The TNF-α and IL-6 level in serum were increased expressively in the cartap challenged groups. Histological investigation of liver showed disorganized hepatic cords and severely congested central veins due to cartap. However, the A. vera extract was observed to significantly protect against the effects of cartap toxicity. The protective impact of A. vera against cartap toxicity may be due to the existence of antioxidants in it. These findings suggest that A. vera may be developed as a potential supplement to the appropriate medication in the treatment of cartap toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Uichang Park
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- FCSM-Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Mitropoulou G, Stavropoulou E, Vaou N, Tsakris Z, Voidarou C, Tsiotsias A, Tsigalou C, Taban BM, Kourkoutas Y, Bezirtzoglou E. Insights into Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1156. [PMID: 37317131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have long been thought to contribute to health promotion due to their fiber and phenolic content, as well as their inherent biological potential. The bioactive derivatives of medicinal plants are a valuable resource in the fight against serious diseases all around the world. The present review focuses on the current state of knowledge on the usage and medicinal applications of plant bioactives. Issues concerning the effect of aromatic plant derivatives on human gut microbiota and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials are discussed and worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1101 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Vaou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Zacharias Tsakris
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Arsenis Tsiotsias
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Birce Mercanoglou Taban
- Dairy Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Veterinary and Agriculture Campus, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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11
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Ambarwati A, Eko Yulianto W, Wahyuni S. Writing spice-themed poetry for COVID-19 prevention campaign for Indonesian children. JOURNAL OF POETRY THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08893675.2023.2185825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari Ambarwati
- Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Universitas Islam Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Sri Wahyuni
- Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Universitas Islam Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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12
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Lanza M, Scuderi SA, Capra AP, Casili G, Filippone A, Campolo M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Effect of a combination of pea protein, grape seed extract and lactic acid in an in vivo model of bacterial vaginosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2849. [PMID: 36807330 PMCID: PMC9938223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal dysbiosis characterized by a malodorous discharge and irritation. The imbalance of the vaginal microbiota plays a key role in the development of BV. It has been demonstrated that Gardnerella vaginalis (GV), a facultative anaerobic bacillus, is involved in BV. Due to the rising number of antimicrobial-resistant species, recurrence of BV is becoming more frequent in women; thus, alternative treatments to antibiotics are needed. Natural substances have recently shown a great efficacy for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of a product containing pea protein (PP), grape seed extract (GS) and lactic acid (LA) in an in vivo model of Gardnerella vaginalis-induced vaginosis by intravaginal administration of GV suspension (1 × 106 CFU/20 µL saline). Our results demonstrated that the product containing PP, GS and LA significantly reduced GV proliferation. More specifically, it significantly preserved tissue architecture and reduced neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory markers and sialidase activity when used both as a pre- or a post-treatment. Moreover, the product displayed strong bioadhesive properties. Therefore, our data suggested that the product containing PP, GS and LA could be used as alternative preventive or curative treatment for the management of BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Lanza
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D 'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Irene Paterniti
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D ’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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13
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Risener CJ, Woo S, Samarakoon T, Caputo M, Edwards E, Klepzig K, Applequist W, Zandi K, Goh SL, Downs-Bowen JA, Schinazi RF, Quave CL. Botanical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry: a phylogenetic perspective. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1244. [PMID: 36690683 PMCID: PMC9868516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the use of botanical dietary supplements in the United States has increased, yet their safety and efficacy against COVID-19 remains underexplored. The Quave Natural Product Library is a phylogenetically diverse collection of botanical and fungal natural product extracts including popular supplement ingredients. Evaluation of 1867 extracts and 18 compounds for virus spike protein binding to host cell ACE2 receptors in a SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus system identified 310 extracts derived from 188 species across 76 families (3 fungi, 73 plants) that exhibited ≥ 50% viral entry inhibition activity at 20 µg/mL. Extracts exhibiting mammalian cytotoxicity > 15% and those containing cardiotoxic cardiac glycosides were eliminated. Three extracts were selected for further testing against four pseudotyped variants and infectious SARS-CoV-2 and were then further chemically characterized, revealing the potent (EC50 < 5 µg/mL) antiviral activity of Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae) flowers and Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae) rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Risener
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunmin Woo
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Marco Caputo
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily Edwards
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Keivan Zandi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shu Ling Goh
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Downs-Bowen
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cassandra L Quave
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Rani J, Bhargav A, Khan FI, Ramachandran S, Lai D, Bajpai U. In silico prediction of natural compounds as potential multi-target inhibitors of structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12118-12134. [PMID: 34486935 PMCID: PMC8425474 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1968497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a colossal loss to human health and lives and has deeply impacted socio-economic growth. Remarkable efforts have been made by the scientific community in containing the virus by successful development of vaccines and diagnostic kits. Initiatives towards drug repurposing and discovery have also been undertaken. In this study, we compiled the known natural anti-viral compounds using text mining of the literature and examined them against four major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely, spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein and envelope (E) protein. Following computational approaches, we identified fangchinoline and versicolactone C as the compounds to exhibit strong binding to the target proteins and causing structural deformation of three structural proteins (N, S and M). We recommend the inhibitory effects of these compounds from our study should be experimentally validated against SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rani
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India,G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Anasuya Bhargav
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Srinivasan Ramchandran ;
| | - Dakun Lai
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Dakun Lai
| | - Urmi Bajpai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India,CONTACT Urmi Bajpai ;
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15
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Lopes SM, de Medeiros HIR, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Natural Products Against COVID-19 Inflammation: A Mini-Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2358-2369. [PMID: 35088662 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220128114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a virus whose genetic material is positive single-stranded RNA, being responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), an infection that compromises the lungs and consequently the respiratory capacity of the infected individual, according to the WHO in November 2021, 249,743,428 cases were confirmed, of which 5,047,652 individuals died due to complications resulting from the infection caused by SARSCOV- 2. As the infection progresses, the individual may experience loss of smell and taste, as well as breathing difficulties, severe respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death. Due to this new epidemiological agent in March 2020 it was announced by the director general of the World Health Organization (WHO) a pandemic status, and with that, many research groups are looking for new therapeutic alternatives through synthetic and natural bioactives. This research is a literature review of some in silico studies involving natural products against COVID-19 inflammation published in 2020 and 2021. Work like this presents relevant information to the scientific community, boosting future research and encouraging the use of natural products for the search for new antivirals against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mendes Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil.,Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa Pb, Brazil
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16
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Elsebai MF, Albalawi MA. Essential Oils and COVID-19. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227893. [PMID: 36431995 PMCID: PMC9696513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal products are a major source of herbal medicines and other medicines. Essential oils have shown various pharmacological activities, such as antiviral activity, and therefore are proposed to have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. Due to their lipophilicity, essential oils can easily penetrate the viral membrane and cause the viral membrane to rupture. In addition, crude essential oils usually have many active constituents that can act on different parts of the virus including its cell entry, translation, transcription, and assembly. They have further beneficial pharmacological effects on the host's respiratory system, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, bronchiectasis, and mucolytics. This review reported potential essential oils which could be promising drugs for COVID-19 eradication. Essential oils have many advantages because they are promising volatile antiviral molecules, making them potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, whether used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the current review is to shed light on the potential essential oils against enveloped viruses and their proposed activity against SARS-CoV-2 which is also an enveloped virus. The objectives were to present all data reflecting the promising activities of diverse essential oils against enveloped viruses and how they could contribute to the eradication of COVID disease, especially in indoor places. The data collected for the current review were obtained through the SciFinder database, Google scholar, PubMed, and Mendeley database. The data of the current review focused on the most common essential oils which are available in the pharmaceutical market and showed noticeable activities against enveloped viruses such as HSV and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fahmi Elsebai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-1557290900; Fax: +20-50-2247496
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17
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Pitakbut T, Nguyen GN, Kayser O. Activity of THC, CBD, and CBN on Human ACE2 and SARS-CoV1/2 Main Protease to Understand Antiviral Defense Mechanism. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1047-1059. [PMID: 34638139 DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
THC, CBD, and CBN were reported as promising candidates against SARS-CoV2 infection, but the mechanism of action of these three cannabinoids is not understood. This study aims to determine the mechanism of action of THC, CBD, and CBN by selecting two essential targets that directly affect the coronavirus infections as viral main proteases and human angiotensin-converting enzyme2. Tested THC and CBD presented a dual-action action against both selected targets. Only CBD acted as a potent viral main protease inhibitor at the IC50 value of 1.86 ± 0.04 µM and exhibited only moderate activity against human angiotensin-converting enzyme2 at the IC50 value of 14.65 ± 0.47 µM. THC acted as a moderate inhibitor against both viral main protease and human angiotensin-converting enzymes2 at the IC50 value of 16.23 ± 1.71 µM and 11.47 ± 3.60 µM, respectively. Here, we discuss cannabinoid-associated antiviral activity mechanisms based on in silico docking studies and in vitro receptor binding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Pitakbut
- Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gia-Nam Nguyen
- Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- MINDbioscience GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Kayser
- Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Bizzoca ME, Leuci S, Mignogna MD, Muzio EL, Caponio VCA, Muzio LL. Natural compounds may contribute in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022; 11:1134-1142. [PMID: 38621001 PMCID: PMC9160299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus pandemic infection is the most important health issue worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a contagious disease characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To date, excluding the possibility of vaccination, against SARS-CoV-2 infection it is possible to act only with supportive care and non-virus-specific treatments in order to improve the patient's symptoms. Pharmaceutical industry is investigating effects of medicinal plants, phytochemical extracts and aromatic herbs to find out natural substances which may act as antiviral drugs. Several studies have revealed how these substances may interfere with the viral life cycle, viral entry, replication, assembly or discharge, as well as virus-specific host targets or stimulating the host immune system, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A natural compound can be used as a prophylaxis by people professionally exposed to the risk of contagion and/or positive patients not in intensive care. The aim of this paper is to perform a narrative review of current literature in order to summarize the most studied natural compounds and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleonora Bizzoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
- C.I.N.B.O. (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia), Chieti 66100, Italy
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19
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Evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of essential oils and aromatic extracts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14230. [PMID: 35987981 PMCID: PMC9392441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and aromatic extracts (oleoresins, absolutes, concretes, resinoids) are often used as food flavorings and constituents of fragrance compositions. The flavor and fragrance industry observed significant growth in the sales of some natural materials during the COVID-19 outbreak. Some companies worldwide are making false claims regarding the effectiveness of their essential oils or blends (or indirectly point toward this conclusion) against coronaviruses, even though the available data on the activity of plant materials against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are very scarce. Our exploratory study aimed to develop pioneering knowledge and provide the first experimental results on the inhibitory properties of hundreds of flavor and fragrance materials against SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like proteases and the antiviral potential of the most active protease inhibitors. As essential oils are volatile products, they could provide an interesting therapeutic strategy for subsidiary inhalation in the long term.
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Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Essential Oil Isolated from Anti-Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Formulation and Their Chemical Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7297499. [PMID: 35958917 PMCID: PMC9357706 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7297499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the in vitro antioxidant and immunomodulation activities of essential oils isolated from an anti-upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) formulation with a view to their therapeutic potential. The chemical components of the essential oil were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidative activity of the oils was investigated with regard to their ability to scavenge DPPH●, ABTS●+, and hydroxyl free radical (•OH). Their immunostimulatory activities were determined using murine macrophage cells. The main components of the oil with pharmacological and biological activities include 1,8-eucalyptol (42.9%), patchouli alcohol (19.9%), trans-erinolide (9.2%), and guaiacol (5%). The oils displayed high DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and anti-inflammatory activities by reducing tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. The results indicate that essential oils have the potential to be used in products for anti-URTI treatment.
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21
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Agrawal PK, Agrawal C, Blunden G. Artemisia Extracts and Artemisinin-Based Antimalarials for COVID-19 Management: Could These Be Effective Antivirals for COVID-19 Treatment? Molecules 2022; 27:3828. [PMID: 35744958 PMCID: PMC9231170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world desperately searches for ways to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing number of people are turning to herbal remedies. The Artemisia species, such as A. annua and A. afra, in particular, exhibit positive effects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 related symptoms. A. annua is a source of artemisinin, which is active against malaria, and also exhibits potential for other diseases. This has increased interest in artemisinin's potential for drug repurposing. Artemisinin-based combination therapies, so-called ACTs, have already been recognized as first-line treatments against malaria. Artemisia extract, as well as ACTs, have demonstrated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Artemisinin and its derivatives have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. There is now sufficient evidence in the literature to suggest the effectiveness of Artemisia, its constituents and/or artemisinin derivatives, to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting its invasion, and replication, as well as reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and mitigating lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K. Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA;
| | - Chandan Agrawal
- Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, OH 43081, USA;
| | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
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22
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Rahman MM, Bibi S, Rahaman MS, Rahman F, Islam F, Khan MS, Hasan MM, Parvez A, Hossain MA, Maeesa SK, Islam MR, Najda A, Al-Malky HS, Mohamed HRH, AlGwaiz HIM, Awaji AA, Germoush MO, Kensara OA, Abdel-Daim MM, Saeed M, Kamal MA. Natural therapeutics and nutraceuticals for lung diseases: Traditional significance, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113041. [PMID: 35658211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and pneumonia lung cancer (LC) are common causes of sickness and death worldwide due to their remoteness, cold and harsh climatic conditions, and inaccessible health care facilities. PURPOSE Many drugs have already been proposed for the treatment of lung diseases. Few of them are in clinical trials and have the potential to cure infectious diseases. Plant extracts or herbal products have been extensively used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Ayurveda. Moreover, it has been involved in the inhibition of certain genes/protiens effects to promote regulation of signaling pathways. Natural remedies have been scientifically proven with remarkable bioactivities and are considered a cheap and safe source for lung disease. METHODS This comprehensive review highlighted the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans. Natural drugs information and mode of mechanism have been studied through the literature retrieved by Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus and Medline PubMed resources against lung diseases. RESULTS In vitro, in vivo and computational studies have been explained for natural metabolites derived from plants (like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids) against different types of lung diseases. Probiotics have also been biologically active therapeutics against cancer, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antioxidants associated with lung diseases. CONCLUSION The results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental models in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases especially SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Md Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoza Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saila Kabir Maeesa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hussah I M AlGwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah A Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudia Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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COVID-19 Crisis, Herbal Medicines, and Natural Products - Concerns and Suggestions. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the last days of 2019 in China, medical experts and organizations worldwide have proposed guidelines for its prevention and treatment. However, despite the availability of state-of-the-art technologies, modern medicine specialists have so far not been successful in controlling it. This has led traditional medicine experts to propagate their knowledge to prevent and cure COVID-19, creating an open debate. According to scientific literature, traditional medicine experts claim beneficial effects of herbal medicines against viral infections and their effectiveness in controlling the symptoms of respiratory disorders. Modern medicine specialists express their concerns about the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal medicines, in addition to the risk of herb-drug interactions and the lack of randomized clinical studies. Herbal medicines have been popular since prehistoric times, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, they are increasingly used worldwide. The lack of definite cure and the high cost of available modern medicines have also promoted the use of herbal medicines. An evidence-based approach using herbal medicines with proven antiviral activities or containing compounds providing symptomatic relief in COVID-19 can be considered for clinical studies. The interaction of herbal medicines with modern drugs should also be considered in patients taking them. Traditional and modern medicine aim to provide effective and safe treatment and prevent COVID-19 infection. Considering the ground realities of the COVID-19 crisis and keeping in view the worldwide use of herbal medicines, in our opinion, the pros and cons of their use should be carefully weighed, and practical solutions should be considered.
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Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Extract. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022; 16:e01184. [PMID: 35434432 PMCID: PMC8990437 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by infection with the “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2″ (i.e., SARS-CoV-2). This is an enveloped virus having a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome; like the two earlier viruses SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus. COVID-19 is unique in that, in the severe case, it has the propensity to affect multiple organs, leading to multiple organ distress syndrome (MODS), and causing high morbidity and mortality in the extreme case. In addition, comorbidities like age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and its complications, obesity, are risk factors for severe COVID-19. It turns out that a most plausible, simple, single explanation for this propensity for MODS is the pivotal involvement of the vascular endothelium (VE). This is a consequence of the fact that the VE seamlessly connects all the entire vascular bed in the body, thus linking all the target organs (heart, lungs, kidney, liver, brain) and systems. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to hyper-inflammation yielding uncontrolled production of a mixture of cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, acute phase proteins (e.g., C-reactive protein), and other pro-inflammatory substances. In the extreme case, a cytokine storm is created. Displacement of the virus bound to the VE, and/or inhibition of binding of the virus, would constitute an effective strategy for preventing COVID-19. In this regard, the acetone-water extract of the leaf of the Neem (Azadirachta indica) plant has been known to prevent the adherence of malaria parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) to VE; prevent cytoadherence of cancer cells in metastasis; and prevent HIV from invading target T lymphocytes. We therefore hypothesize that this Neem leaf acetone-water extract will prevent the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the VE, and therefore be an effective therapeutic formulation against COVID-19. It is therefore advocated herein that this extract be investigated through rigorous clinical trials for this purpose. It has the advantages of being (i) readily available, and renewable in favor of the populations positioned to benefit from it; (ii) simple to prepare; and (iii) devoid of any detectable toxicity.
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Büssing A. [Welche Behandlungs-Optionen wurden von COVID-19 infizierten Yoga-Übenden als hilfreich empfunden? - Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsanalyse]. Complement Med Res 2022; 29:309-319. [PMID: 35350017 PMCID: PMC9148890 DOI: 10.1159/000524338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Einführung: Die meisten COVID-19 Infizierten machen die Infektion im häuslichen Umfeld durch und werden vermutliche Maßnahmen zur Symptomlinderung anwenden, die aus dem Bereich der Selbstverordnung kommen. Von Interesse ist daher, welche Maßnahmen von COVID-19 Infizierten genutzt werden. Methoden: Anonyme Querschnittsanalyse, bei der die eigenen Behandlungsoptionen in Bezug zu acht Hauptsymptomen mit Hilfe von Freitextfeldern erfasst und kategorisiert werden. Einbezogen wurden Datensätze von Yoga-Übenden als spezifische Zielgruppe, die sich in den Zeiträumen der drei dominanten Virus-Varianten infiziert hatten (n=208: 89% Frauen; Altersmittel 49 ± 11). Die Aussagen wurden deskriptiv dargestellt und die Inhalte der Freitextfelder nach inhaltsanalytischen Gesichtspunkten kategorisiert und den jeweiligen Hauptsymptomen einer COVID-19 Infektion zugeordnet. Ergebnisse: In Bezug auf die acht Symptomgruppen ergab sich ein differenziertes Bild der als hilfreich empfundenen Behandlungsoptionen. Die meisten Nennungen hatte die Kategorie Zeit/Ruhe/Schlaf, insbesondere bei Schwäche/Erschöpfung und Rumpf-/Gliederschmerzen, gefolgt von Atemübungen (Pranayama), die insbesondere bei Atemnot/Kurzatmigkeit und Husten zur Anwendung kamen. Yoga-Übungen wurden insbesondere bei Rumpf-/Gliederschmerzen sowie Schwäche/Erschöpfung genutzt. Die konventionelle Schmerzmedikation stand bei Kopfschmerzen sowie Rumpf-/Gliederschmerzen im Vordergrund. Bewegung an der frischen Luft und Spaziergänge zur Regeneration waren relevant bei Schwäche/Erschöpfung, Atemnot/Kurzatmigkeit sowie Husten. Phytotherapeutische Anwendungen waren insbesondere bei Husten bedeutsam. Ätherische Öle und Riechtraining hatten ihren Schwerpunkt bei Geruchs-/Geschmacksstörungen und Husten. Schlussfolgerungen: In Bezug auf das angewendete Spektrum der unterstützenden Therapieoptionen im Sinne des Selbstmanagements wurden einige sehr häufig und differenziert angewendet. Hier könnte man eine subjektiv empfundene "Nützlichkeit" annehmen. In der Literatur lassen sich für einige dieser Optionen auch Hinweise für eine mögliche Wirksamkeit finden, für andere nicht ohne weiteres. Diese unterstützenden Therapieoptionen könnten außerdem eine Möglichkeit sein, um einer abwartenden Hilflosigkeit proaktiv entgegenzuwirken.
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Santos S, Barata P, Charmier A, Lehmann I, Rodrigues S, Melosini MM, Pais PJ, Sousa AP, Teixeira C, Santos I, Rocha AC, Baylina P, Fernandes R. Cannabidiol and Terpene Formulation Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity Tackling a Therapeutic Strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841459. [PMID: 35242142 PMCID: PMC8886108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In late 2019, COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China. Currently, it is an ongoing global health threat stressing the need for therapeutic compounds. Linking the virus life cycle and its interaction with cell receptors and internal cellular machinery is key to developing therapies based on the control of infectivity and inflammation. In this framework, we evaluate the combination of cannabidiol (CBD), as an anti-inflammatory molecule, and terpenes, by their anti-microbiological properties, in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Our group settled six formulations combining CBD and terpenes purified from Cannabis sativa L, Origanum vulgare, and Thymus mastichina. The formulations were analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS and evaluated for virucide and antiviral potential by in vitro studies in alveolar basal epithelial, colon, kidney, and keratinocyte human cell lines. Conclusions and Impact We demonstrate the virucide effectiveness of CBD and terpene-based formulations. F2TC reduces the infectivity by 17%, 24%, and 99% for CaCo-2, HaCat, and A549, respectively, and F1TC by 43%, 37%, and 29% for Hek293T, HaCaT, and Caco-2, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that tackles the combination of CBD with a specific group of terpenes against SARS-CoV-2 in different cell lines. The differential effectiveness of formulations according to the cell line can be relevant to understanding the pattern of virus infectivity and the host inflammation response, and lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santos
- R&D&Innovation Department, EXMceuticals Portugal Lda, Lisboa, Portugal.,Cooperativa de Formação e Animação Cultural - Centre for Interdisciplinary Development and Research on Environment, Applied Management and Space (COFAC-DREAMS)-Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barata
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adilia Charmier
- R&D&Innovation Department, EXMceuticals Portugal Lda, Lisboa, Portugal.,Cooperativa de Formação e Animação Cultural - Centre for Interdisciplinary Development and Research on Environment, Applied Management and Space (COFAC-DREAMS)-Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Lehmann
- R&D&Innovation Department, EXMceuticals Portugal Lda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Matteo M Melosini
- R&D&Innovation Department, EXMceuticals Portugal Lda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Pais
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - André P Sousa
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Rocha
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pilar Baylina
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruben Fernandes
- LABMI - Laboratório de Biotecnologia Médica e Industrial, PORTIC - Porto Research, Technology and Innovation Center, Porto, Portugal.,Metabesity Deopartment, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fadilah NQ, Jittmittraphap A, Leaungwutiwong P, Pripdeevech P, Dhanushka D, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat S, Kittakoop P. Virucidal Activity of Essential Oils From Citrus x aurantium L. Against Influenza A Virus H1N1:Limonene as a Potential Household Disinfectant Against Virus. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211072713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explored the compositions of a crude extract of peels of Citrus x aurantium using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The crude extract of peels of C. × aurantium was analyzed by GC-MS revealing the presence of limonene as the major compound, accounting for 93.7% of the total. Virucidal activity of the oil of C. x aurantium peels against influenza A virus H1N1 was evaluated by the ASTM E1053-20 method. Moreover, the virucidal activity was also investigated of D-limonene, the major terpene in essential oils of C. x aurantium, and its enantiomer L-limonene. The essential oil of the C. x aurantium peels produced a log reduction of 1.9 to 2.0, accounting for 99% reduction of the virus, while D- and L-limonene exhibited virucidal activity with a log reduction of 3.70 to 4.32 at concentrations of 125 and 250.0 µg/mL, thus reducing the virus by 99.99%. Previous work found that D-limonene exhibited antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, but L-limonene, an enantiomer of D-limonene, has never been reported for antiviral activity. This work demonstrates the antiviral activity of L-limonene for the first time. Moreover, this work suggests that concentrations of 0.0125% to 0.025% of either D- or L-limonene can possibly be used as a disinfectant against viruses, probably in the form of essential oil sprays, which may be useful disinfectants against the airborne transmission of viruses, such as influenza and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Q. Fadilah
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Darshana Dhanushka
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
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Malviya S, Parihar A, Parihar DS, Khan R. Natural products as a therapy to combat against SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC DESIGNING TO MITIGATE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9300459 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91172-6.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) first reported in December 2019, has become serious global life-threatening disease that has created huge health care crises. Despite huge number of clinical trials for drug and vaccine, only few successful candidates are in market, which led to problem of demand and supply. The low- and middle-income countries faces major health crisis due to financial issues. Studies to search plant originated natural bioactive molecules for prophylactic and therapeutic of COVID-19 infection has gained considerable attention, due to their low-cost, easy availability and lesser side effects. Natural products and herbal medicine have long been known for their role in treating respiratory infections and many of them have been approved/under trial as drugs or over-the-counter food additives to lessen the symptoms. It is undisputable fact that herbal/natural molecules’ medicine is still a promising resource and used as precursor for drug discovery to search prospective prophylactic candidate against COVID-19. These bioactive compounds bind with potential therapeutic target of SARS-COV-2 such as ACE II, Spike protein, TMPRESS, RdRp, Main proteases and endoribonuclease and may prevent or at least slow down the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, several numbers of clinical trials have registered to investigate the potentials of natural product to halt disease progression. The main aim of present chapter is to discuss the potential role of natural molecules which can be used as therapeutic drugs for treatment of COVID-19 and thus helpful to curb down the mortality rate.
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Narayanan M, Kiran A, Natarajan D, Kandasamy S, Shanmugam S, Alshiekheid M, S. Almoallim H, Pugazhendhi A. The pharmaceutical potential of crude ethanol leaf extract of Pedalium murex (L.). Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Deng W, Sun Y, Yao X, Subramanian K, Ling C, Wang H, Chopra SS, Xu BB, Wang J, Chen J, Wang D, Amancio H, Pramana S, Ye R, Wang S. Masks for COVID-19. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102189. [PMID: 34825783 PMCID: PMC8787406 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable solutions on fabricating and using a face mask to block the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread during this coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) are required as society is directed by the World Health Organization (WHO) toward wearing it, resulting in an increasingly huge demand with over 4 000 000 000 masks used per day globally. Herein, various new mask technologies and advanced materials are reviewed to deal with critical shortages, cross-infection, and secondary transmission risk of masks. A number of countries have used cloth masks and 3D-printed masks as substitutes, whose filtration efficiencies can be improved by using nanofibers or mixing other polymers into them. Since 2020, researchers continue to improve the performance of masks by adding various functionalities, for example using metal nanoparticles and herbal extracts to inactivate pathogens, using graphene to make masks photothermal and superhydrophobic, and using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to prolong mask lifetime. The recent advances in material technology have led to the development of antimicrobial coatings, which are introduced in this review. When incorporated into masks, these advanced materials and technologies can aid in the prevention of secondary transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Yajun Sun
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Xiaoxue Yao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Karpagam Subramanian
- School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Shauhrat S. Chopra
- School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Construction EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 8STUK
| | - Jie‐Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jian‐Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Honeyfer Amancio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyCambridge UniversityCambridgeCB2 1TNUK
| | - Stevin Pramana
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
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TABAN BMERCANOGLU, STAVROPOULOU E, WINKELSTRÖTER LKRETLI, BEZIRTZOGLOU E. Value-added effects of using aromatic plants in foods and human therapy. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.43121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Chapman RL, Andurkar SV. A review of natural products, their effects on SARS-CoV-2 and their utility as lead compounds in the discovery of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Med Chem Res 2021; 31:40-51. [PMID: 34873386 PMCID: PMC8636070 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic lasting now for well more than a year, nearly 247 million cases have been diagnosed and over 5 million deaths have been recorded worldwide as of November 2021. The devastating effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the immune system lead to the activation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation and the production of inflammatory cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 displays a great deal of homology with other coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which all display similar components which may serve as targets, namely the Spike (S) protein, the main protease (MPro) which is a chymotrypsin-like protease (CLPro) and RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp). Natural constituents found in traditional herbal medicines, dietary supplements and foods demonstrate activity against SARS-CoV-2 by affecting the production of cytokines, modulating cell signaling pathways related to inflammation and even by direct interaction with targets found in the virus. This has been demonstrated by the application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments, assays of cytopathic effect (CPE) and in silico molecular docking studies that estimate binding strength. Glycyrrhizin, flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol and baicalein, and other polyphenols are the most common constituents found in Traditional Chinese Medicines that modulate inflammation and cell signaling pathways, and bind viral targets demonstrating valuable effects against SARS-CoV-2. However, the bioavailability of these natural products and their dependence on each other in extracts make it difficult to assess their actual utility in the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, more can be learned through rational drug design based on natural products and from well-designed clinical trials employing specific doses of standardized combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Chapman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street Downers Grove, Downers Grove, IL 60515 United States
| | - Shridhar V. Andurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy, 555 31st Street Downers Grove, Downers Grove, IL 60515 United States
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Narayanan M, Natarajan D, Geetha Priyadharshini S, Kandasamy S, Shanmugam S, Sabour A, Almoallim HS, Pugazhendhi A. Biofabrication and characterization of AgNPs synthesized by Justicia adhatoda and efficiency on multi-drug resistant microbes and anticancer activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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34
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Rashidian G, Abedian Kenari A, Nikkhah M. Dietary effects of a low-molecular weight fraction (<10 kDa) from shrimp waste hydrolysate on growth performance and immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Employing nanodelivery systems. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:294-302. [PMID: 34537336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture by-products have been of great interest for producing protein hydrolysates with multiple biological activities. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate dietary effects of a low-molecular fraction (<10 kDa) from shrimp waste hydrolysate in forms of unprotected and nanocapsulated on growth and immunity of rainbow trout. Therefore, six diets were designed including a control diet (no supplementation), D1 (1 g kg-1 of unprotected fraction), D2 (1 g kg-1 chitosan nanocapsules), D3 (1 g kg-1 liposome nanocapsules), D4 (1 g kg-1 of fraction-loaded chitosan nanocapsules), D5 (1 g kg-1 of fraction-loaded liposome nanocapsules). Fish (0.91 ± 0.15 g) were fed with experimental diets until apparent satiation for six weeks followed by a 5-day experimental challenge with Streptococcus iniae. Results revealed that growth is strongly affected in fish receiving the fraction with D4 treatment showing the highest weight gain, SGR, final weight and the lowest FCR (p < 0.05). Nanocapsules without fraction did not show remarkable effects when compared to control group. In terms of serum and mucus immune parameters of lysozyme, complement activity, myeloperoxidase activity, and total protease, fish from D4 group showed the highest measured values followed by D5 (p < 0.05). Key immune related genes of IL-6 and TNF-α were noticeably up-regulated in fish from D1, D4, and D5 groups, which were consistent with survival rate after 5 days challenge with Streptococcus iniae. All together, the present findings highlighted the application of chitosan and liposome nanocarriers in aquaculture and potential of low-molecular weight fraction (<10 kDa) from shrimp wastes hydrolysate to improve growth performance and immune status of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 64414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 64414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Eze MO, Ejike CECC, Ifeonu P, Mignone J, Udenigwe CC, Uzoegwu PN. Mutual Pan-African support paradigm to produce scientific evidence of traditional medical practices for use against COVID-19 and emerging pandemics. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021; 14:e01046. [PMID: 34805649 PMCID: PMC8594059 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa is endowed with a profoundly rich and diverse system of plants and other bio-resources out of which, by traditional medicine practice, the people have satisfied their healthcare needs right from antiquity. In contemporary times, it has become necessary to modernize this traditional medical care system via scientific studies. Validation of the efficacy of health-enhancement products and drugs from plants and other bio-resources is predicated on diligent and intensive research accompanied by rigorous and conclusive clinical trials. Africa has eminently qualified human resources but due to the finance-intensive nature of medical research, individual African states on their own cannot fund the level of research desired for dealing with such serious issues as the COVID-19 pandemic. A collaboration among African states guided by a Mutual Pan-African support paradigm (MPASP) is a unique strategy for achieving success in any such a high-impact global project as the use of traditional medicine against COVID-19 and emerging pandemics; and this is hereby advocated.
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Key Words
- CAM, conventional and alternative medicine
- CDC, centers for disease control and prevention
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 diseases 2019 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 disease 2019]
- COVID-organics
- CWM, conventional western medicine
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- MPASP, mutual Pan-African support paradigm
- Paradigm
- Research
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2
- SCD, sickle cell disease
- SSHA, South-South humanitarian assistance
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TM, traditional medicine
- Traditional medicine
- WHO, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Eze
- Department of Chemistry, Health Enhancement and Public Health Biochemistry Lab, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi PMB 1010, Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso E C C Ejike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi PMB 1010, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Ifeonu
- National Association of Nigerian Traditional Medicine Practitioners, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Javier Mignone
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, The University of Manitoba, 307 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi PMB 1010, Nigeria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Peter N Uzoegwu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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An ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter, LaABCB11, Contributes to Alkaloid Transport in Lycoris aurea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111458. [PMID: 34768889 PMCID: PMC8584037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of Amaryllidaceae alkaloid which is accumulated in the species of Lycoris plants, lycorine has a range of physiological effects. The biosynthesis pathway of lycorine has been partly revealed, but the transport and accumulation mechanisms of lycorine have rarely been studied. In this study, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter from Lycoris aurea (L'Hér) Herb., namely LaABCB11, was cloned and functionally characterized. Heterologous expression showed that LaABCB11 transported lycorine in an outward direction, increased the tolerance of yeast cells to lycorine, and caused a lower lycorine accumulation in transformants than control or mutant in yeast. LaABCB11 is associated with the plasma membrane, and in situ hybridization indicated that LaABCB11 was mainly expressed in the phloem of leaves and bulbs, as well as in the cortical cells of roots. These findings suggest that LaABCB11 functions as a lycorine transport and it might be related to the translocation and accumulation of lycorine from the leaves and bulbs to the roots.
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Guguloth SK, Lakshmi A R, Rajendran R, Rajaram K, Chinnasamy T, Huang JD, Zhang H, Senapati S, Durairajan SSK. A Mechanistic Review on Plant-derived Natural Inhibitors of Human Coronaviruses with Emphasis on SARS-COV-1 and SARS-COV-2. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:818-835. [PMID: 34636297 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211005115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have been receiving continuous attention worldwide as they have caused a serious threat to global public health. This group of viruses is named so as they exhibit characteristic crown-like spikes on their protein coat. SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus that emerged in 2019, causes severe infection in the lower respiratory tract of humans and is often fatal in immunocompromised individuals. No medications have been approved so far for the direct treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the currently available treatment options rely on relieving the symptoms. The medicinal plants occurring in nature serve as a rich source of active ingredients that could be utilized for developing pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial/synthetic drugs with antiviral properties. Compounds obtained from certain plants have been used for directly and selectively inhibiting different coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The present review discusses the potential natural inhibitors against the highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, with a systematic elaboration on the possible mechanisms of action of these natural compounds while acting in the different stages of the life cycle of coronaviruses. Moreover, through a comprehensive exploration of the existing literature in this regard, the importance of such compounds in the research and development of effective and safe antiviral agents is discussed. We focused on the mechanism of action of several natural compounds along with their target of action. In addition, the immunomodulatory effects of these active components in the context of human health are elucidated. Finally, it is suggested that the use of traditional medicinal plants is a novel and feasible remedial strategy against human coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna Guguloth
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur. India
| | - Lakshmi A R
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur. India
| | - Radhika Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur. India
| | - Kaushik Rajaram
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur. India
| | | | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, , Pokfulam, Hong Kong. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,. China
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology and BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai. India
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Oliveira WQD, Azeredo HMCD, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM. Food packaging wastes amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Trends and challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 116:1195-1199. [PMID: 34092920 PMCID: PMC8166460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 crisis generated changes in consumer behavior related to food purchase and the management of food packaging. Due to the intensification of online purchases for home delivery, there has been an increase in the use of food packaging (mostly non-biodegradable or non-renewable). Moreover, the fear of contamination with SARS-CoV-2 through contact with materials and surfaces has led to an intensified disposal of food packaging, promoting a setback in waste management. SCOPE AND APPROACH The purpose of this short commentary is to address the impacts of increased use and disposal of food packaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological solutions have been presented as tools to minimize the environmental impacts of the increased volume of disposed food packaging (namely, the development of biodegradable food packaging) as well as to minimize the occurrence of cross-contamination (namely, the incorporation of active antiviral components). KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The consumer behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic requires actions concerning adoption of bioplastics for single-use food packaging. Polylactide (PLA) stands out for high production viability, performance comparable to those of petroleum-based thermoplastics, and carbon neutral life cycle. Moreover, active components including organic compounds (resveratrol, luteolin, myricetin etc.) and metals (e.g., copper, zinc, silver) can mitigate cross-contamination. Therefore, there are opportunities to reduce food packaging-related environmental footprints while also decreasing the occurrence of surface-mediated cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williara Queiroz de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, R Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Embrapa Instrumentação R XV de Novembro, 1452, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Iramaia Angélica Neri-Numa
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Stan D, Enciu AM, Mateescu AL, Ion AC, Brezeanu AC, Stan D, Tanase C. Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:723233. [PMID: 34552489 PMCID: PMC8450524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.723233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of life-threatening bacterial, fungal and viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compunds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable compounds for this task are usually derived from natural sources (animal, plant or even microbial). In this review article, the latest and most promising natural compounds used to combat bacteria, filamentous fungi and viruses are presented and evaluated. These include plant extracts, essential oils, small antimicrobial peptides of animal origin, bacteriocins and various groups of plant compounds (triterpenoids; alkaloids; phenols; flavonoids) with antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Data are presented on the inhibitory activity of each natural antimicrobial substance and on the putative mechanism of action against bacterial and fungal strains. The results show that among the bioactive compounds studied, triterpenoids have significant inhibitory activity against coronaviruses, but flavonoids have also been shown to inhibit SARS-COV-2. The last chapter is devoted to nanocarriers used to improve stability, bioavailability, cellular uptake/internalization, pharmacokinetic profile and reduce toxicity of natural compunds. There are a number of nanocarriers such as liposomes, drug delivery microemulsion systems, nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, etc. However, some of the recent studies have focused on the incorporation of natural substances with antimicrobial/antiviral activity into polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes and silver nanoparticles (which have been shown to have intrinsic antimicrobial activity). The natural antimicrobials isolated from animals and microorganisms have been shown to have good inhibitory effect on a range of pathogens, however the plants remain the most prolific source. Even if the majority of the studies for the biological activity evaluation are in silico or in vitro, their internalization in the optimum nanocarriers represents the future of “green therapeutics” as shown by some of the recent work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Stan
- DDS Diagnostic, Bucharest, Romania.,Titu Maiorescu University, PhD Medical School, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Ariana Cristina Brezeanu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy-Department of Plastic Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Bucharest, Romania.,Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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Koyama S, Kondo K, Ueha R, Kashiwadani H, Heinbockel T. Possible Use of Phytochemicals for Recovery from COVID-19-Induced Anosmia and Ageusia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8912. [PMID: 34445619 PMCID: PMC8396277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 became the year of the outbreak of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which escalated into a worldwide pandemic and continued into 2021. One of the unique symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 disease, COVID-19, is the loss of chemical senses, i.e., smell and taste. Smell training is one of the methods used in facilitating recovery of the olfactory sense, and it uses essential oils of lemon, rose, clove, and eucalyptus. These essential oils were not selected based on their chemical constituents. Although scientific studies have shown that they improve recovery, there may be better combinations for facilitating recovery. Many phytochemicals have bioactive properties with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. In this review, we describe the chemical compounds with anti- inflammatory and anti-viral effects, and we list the plants that contain these chemical compounds. We expand the review from terpenes to the less volatile flavonoids in order to propose a combination of essential oils and diets that can be used to develop a new taste training method, as there has been no taste training so far. Finally, we discuss the possible use of these in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Swallowing Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwadani
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Kim JG, Dong X, Park SH, Bayazid AB, Jeoung SA, Lim BO. Bioconversion of black rice and blueberry regulate immunity system through regulation of MAPKs, NF-kB in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1956434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR GLOCAL Education Program for Nutraceutical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Park
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
- R&D Center, Ahn-Gook Health, Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Al Borhan Bayazid
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
| | - Soo Ah Jeoung
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Chungju-shi, South Korea
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de Leon VNO, Manzano JAH, Pilapil DYH, Fernandez RAT, Ching JKAR, Quimque MTJ, Agbay JCM, Notarte KIR, Macabeo APG. Anti-HIV reverse transcriptase plant polyphenolic natural products with in silico inhibitory properties on seven non-structural proteins vital in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:104. [PMID: 34272647 PMCID: PMC8284420 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessing COVID-19 vaccines is a challenge despite successful clinical trials. This burdens the COVID-19 treatment gap, thereby requiring accelerated discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. This study explored the potential of anti-HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) phytochemicals as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins (nsps) by targeting in silico key sites in the structures of SARS-CoV-2 nsps. One hundred four anti-HIV phytochemicals were subjected to molecular docking with nsp3, 5, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16. Top compounds in complex with the nsps were investigated further through molecular dynamics. The drug-likeness and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties of the top compounds were also predicted using SwissADME. Their toxicity was likewise determined using OSIRIS Property Explorer. RESULTS Among the top-scoring compounds, the polyphenolic functionalized natural products comprised of biflavones 1, 4, 11, 13, 14, 15; ellagitannin 9; and bisisoquinoline alkaloid 19 were multi-targeting and exhibited strongest binding affinities to at least two nsps (binding energy = - 7.7 to - 10.8 kcal/mol). The top ligands were stable in complex with their target nsps as determined by molecular dynamics. Several top-binding compounds were computationally druggable, showed good gastrointestinal absorptive property, and were also predicted to be non-toxic. CONCLUSIONS Twenty anti-HIV RT phytochemicals showed multi-targeting inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins 3, 5, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16. Our results highlight the importance of polyhydroxylated aromatic substructures for effective attachment in the binding/catalytic sites of nsps involved in post-translational mechanism pathways. As such with the nsps playing vital roles in viral pathogenesis, our findings provide inspiration for the design and discovery of novel anti-COVID-19 drug prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Von Novi O de Leon
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joe Anthony H Manzano
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Delfin Yñigo H Pilapil
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rey Arturo T Fernandez
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - James Kyle Anthony R Ching
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Tristan J Quimque
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Jay Carl M Agbay
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
- Philippine Science High School - Central Mindanao Campus, 9217 Balo-I, Lanao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Kin Israel R Notarte
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines
| | - Allan Patrick G Macabeo
- Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1015, Manila, Philippines.
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Malekmohammad K, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Mechanistic Aspects of Medicinal Plants and Secondary Metabolites against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3996-4007. [PMID: 34225607 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210705160130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic virus, is responsible for a respiratory disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes various structural and non-structural proteins, which are necessary for viral entry and replication. Among these proteins, papain-like protease (PLpro), 3C-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, a serine protease, and spike protein are potential targets of herbal remedies and phytocompounds for inhibition of viral infection and replication. There is at present no confirmed cure for the COVID-19. Various plants and their components have been introduced against SARS-Co-2. A number of review articles have also been published on them. This article is focusing on the mechanistic aspects of these plants and their derivatives on SARS-CV-2. METHOD The material in this review article was prepared from significant scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. RESULTS Different medicinal plants and their phytocompounds interact with important structural and non-structural of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Natural compounds form strong bonds with the active site of SARS-CoV-2 protease and make large conformational changes. These phytochemicals are potential inhibitors of structural and non-structural of SARS-CoV-2 proteins such as Spike protein, PLpro, and 3CLpro. Some important anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions of medicinal plants and their metabolites are inhibition of the virus replication or entry, blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor and "Transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)" regulation of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of endothelial activation, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Some of these important natural immune boosters that are helpful for prevention and curing various symptoms related to COVID-19 include Allium sativum, Nigella sativa, Glycyrrhiza glabra Zingiber officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Scutellaria baicalensis. Also, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Baicalin, Scutellarin, Glycyrrhizin, Curcumin, Apigenin, Ursolic acid, and Chloroquine are the best candidates for treating the symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants and/or their bioactive compounds with inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 support the human immune system and help in fighting against COVID-19 and rejuvenating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Marrelli M. Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071355. [PMID: 34371558 PMCID: PMC8309240 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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Antitumor effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its main component terpinen-4-ol in combination with target therapy in melanoma models. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:127. [PMID: 34059622 PMCID: PMC8165351 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been recently emerging for their promising biological activities in preventing tumorigenesis or progression of different tumor histotypes, including melanoma. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a panel of EOs in different tumor models. The ability of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) and its main component, terpinen-4-ol, to sensitize the target therapy currently used for melanoma treatment was also assessed. Our results demonstrated that EOs differently affect the viability of human cancer cells and led us to select six EOs effective in melanoma and lung cancer cells, without toxic effects in human fibroblasts. When combined with dabrafenib and/or trametinib, Melaleuca alternifolia synergistically reduced the viability of melanoma cells by activating apoptosis. Through machine learning classification modeling, α-terpineol, tepinolene, and terpinen-4-ol, three components of Melaleuca alternifolia, were identified as the most likely relevant components responsible for the EO's antitumor effect. Among them, terpinen-4-ol was recognized as the Melaleuca alternifolia component responsible for its antitumor and proapoptotic activity. Overall, our study holds promise for further analysis of EOs as new anticancer agents and supports the rationale for their use to improve target therapy response in melanoma.
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Cao TQ, Kim JA, Woo MH, Min BS. SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition by compounds isolated from Luffa cylindrica using molecular docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127972. [PMID: 33753260 PMCID: PMC7977011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chemical investigation of methanol extract of the air-dried fruits of Luffa cylindrica led to the identification of a new δ‐valerolactone (1), along with sixteen known compounds (2–17). Their chemical structures including the absolute configuration were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism analysis, as well as by comparison with those reported in the literature. For the first time in literature, we have examined the binding potential of the isolated compounds to highly conserved protein, Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 using the molecular docking technique. We found that the isolated saponins (14–17) bind to the substrate‐binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with docking energy scores of –7.13, –7.29, –7.47, and –7.54 kcal.mol−1, respectively, along with binding abilities equivalent to an already claimed N3 protease inhibitor (–7.51 kcal.mol−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Quyen Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea.
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Jha NK, Sharma C, Hashiesh HM, Arunachalam S, Meeran MN, Javed H, Patil CR, Goyal SN, Ojha S. β-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:590201. [PMID: 34054510 PMCID: PMC8163236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.590201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people and continues to affect more, despite tremendous social preventive measures. Identifying candidate drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is crucial. The pathogenesis and the complications with advanced infection mainly involve an immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity and inflammation, along with immune modulation. One of the most promising therapeutic targets for the modulation of immune-inflammatory responses is the endocannabinoid system, particularly the activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), a G-protein coupled receptor which mediates the anti-inflammatory properties by modulating numerous signaling pathways. To pharmacologically activate the CB2 receptors, a naturally occurring cannabinoid ligand, beta-caryophyllene (BCP), received attention due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. BCP is recognized as a full selective functional agonist on CB2 receptors and produces therapeutic effects by activating CB2 and the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). BCP is regarded as the first dietary cannabinoid with abundant presence across cannabis and non-cannabis plants, including spices and other edible plants. BCP showed tissue protective properties and favorably modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. Based on its pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of BCP as an immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, organ-protective, and antiviral, we hypothesize that BCP could be a promising therapeutic and/or preventive candidate to target the triad of infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19. In line with numerous studies that proposed the potential of cannabinoids in COVID-19, BCP may be a novel candidate compound for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development due to its unique functional receptor selectivity, wide availability and accessibility, dietary bioavailability, nonpsychoactivity, and negligible toxicity along with druggable properties, including favorable pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Based on reasonable pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic properties, we speculate that BCP has potential to be investigated against COVID-19 and will inspire further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seenipandi Arunachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mf Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Orege JI, Adeyemi SB, Tiamiyu BB, Akinyemi TO, Ibrahim YA, Orege OB. Artemisia and Artemisia-based products for COVID-19 management: current state and future perspective. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8098784 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Iseoluwa Orege
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Sherif Babatunde Adeyemi
- CG Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Bardoli, Gujarat State India
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Bashir Bolaji Tiamiyu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Moshan, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430074 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Toluwanimi Oluwadara Akinyemi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
- Esep-Le Berger Universite, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yusuf Ajibola Ibrahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
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Adeleye OA, Femi-Oyewo MN, Bamiro OA, Bakre LG, Alabi A, Ashidi JS, Balogun-Agbaje OA, Hassan OM, Fakoya G. Ethnomedicinal herbs in African traditional medicine with potential activity for the prevention, treatment, and management of coronavirus disease 2019. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 33778086 PMCID: PMC7980728 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnomedicine, a study of traditional medicine, is significant in drug discovery and development. African traditional medicine has been in existence for several thousands of years, and several drugs have been discovered and developed from it. MAIN TEXT The deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has widely spread globally with high mortality and morbidity. Its prevention, treatment and management still pose a serious challenge. A drug for the cure of this disease is yet to be developed. The clinical management at present is based on symptomatic treatment as presented by individuals infected and this is by combination of more than two drugs such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-microbials. Literature search was performed through electronic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and several research reports including WHO technical documents and monographs. CONCLUSION Drug discovery from herbs is essential and should be exploited for the discovery of drugs for the management of COVID-19. This review is aimed at identifying ethnomedicinal herbs available in Africa that could be used for the discovery and development of a drug for the prevention, treatment, and management of the novel coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutayo Ademola Adeleye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria
| | - Mbang Nyong Femi-Oyewo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Lateef Gbenga Bakre
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Akinyinka Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Joseph Senu Ashidi
- Department of Plant Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwakemi Mary Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola Fakoya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State Nigeria
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Swain SS, Panda SK, Luyten W. Phytochemicals against SARS-CoV as potential drug leads. Biomed J 2021; 44:74-85. [PMID: 33736953 PMCID: PMC7726715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 strains from the coronavirus (CoV) family is causing one of the most disruptive pandemics of the past century. Developing antiviral drugs is a challenge for the scientific community and pharmaceutical industry. Given the health emergency, repurposing of existing antiviral, antiinflammatory or antimalarial drugs is an attractive option for controlling SARS-CoV-2 with drugs. However, phytochemicals selected based on ethnomedicinal information as well as in vitro antiviral studies could be promising as well. Here, we summarise the phytochemicals with reported anti-CoV activity, and further analyzed them computationally to accelerate validation for drug development against SARS-CoV-2. This systematic review started from the most potent phytocompounds (IC50 in μM) against SARS-CoV, followed by a cluster analysis to locate the most suitable lead(s). The advanced molecular docking used the crystallography structure of SARS-CoV-2-cysteine-like protease (SARS-CoV-2-3CLpro) as a target. In total, seventy-eight phytochemicals with anti-CoV activity against different strains in cellular assays, were selected for this computational study, and compared with two existing repurposed FDA-approved drugs: lopinavir and ritonavir. This review brings insights in the potential application of phytochemicals and their derivatives, which could guide researchers to develop safe drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasank Sekhar Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Odisha, India
| | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center of Environment, Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Odisha, India
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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