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Zhou YL, You XY, Wang XY, Cui LH, Jiang ZH, Zhang KP. Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Enhanced Drought Tolerance and Promoted BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 Expression of Quinoa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:873. [PMID: 38592849 PMCID: PMC10974127 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. The molecular mechanisms of BRs that alleviate the drought stress in quinoa have rarely been reported. Here, quinoa seedlings were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and we transiently transferred CqBIN2 to the quinoa seedlings' leaves using VIGS technology to analyze the molecular mechanism of the BR mitigation drought stress. The results showed that EBR treatment significantly increased the root growth parameters, the antioxidant enzyme activities, and the osmolyte content, resulting in a decrease in the H2O2, O2∙-, and malondialdehyde content in quinoa. A transcriptome analysis identified 8124, 2761, and 5448 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among CK and Drought, CK and EBR + Drought, and Drought and EBR + Drought groups. WGCNA divided these DEGs into 19 modules in which these characterized genes collectively contributed significantly to drought stress. In addition, the EBR application also up-regulated the transcript levels of CqBIN2 and proline biosynthesis genes. Silenced CqBIN2 by VIGS could reduce the drought tolerance, survival rate, and proline content in quinoa seedlings. These findings not only revealed that exogenous BRs enhance drought tolerance, but also provided insight into the novel functions of CqBIN2 involved in regulating drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhou
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-H.J.); (K.-P.Z.)
| | - Xin-Yong You
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-H.J.); (K.-P.Z.)
| | - Xing-Yun Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-H.J.); (K.-P.Z.)
| | - Li-Hua Cui
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-H.J.); (K.-P.Z.)
| | - Kun-Peng Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China; (Y.-L.Z.); (X.-Y.Y.); (Z.-H.J.); (K.-P.Z.)
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Souri Laki E, Rabiei B, Marashi H, Jokarfard V, Börner A. Association study of morpho-phenological traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) using SSR markers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5991. [PMID: 38472315 PMCID: PMC10933322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the genetic and molecular diversity of 60 quinoa accessions was assessed using agronomically important traits related to grain yield as well as microsatellite (SSR) markers, and informative markers linked to the studied traits were identified using association study. The results showed that most of the studied traits had a relatively high diversity, but grain saponin and protein content showed the highest diversity. High diversity was also observed in all SSR markers, but KAAT023, KAAT027, KAAT036, and KCAA014 showed the highest values for most of the diversity indices and can be introduced as the informative markers to assess genetic diversity in quinoa. Population structure analysis showed that the studied population probably includes two subclusters, so that out of 60 quinoa accessions, 29 (48%) and 23 (38%) accessions were assigned to the first and second subclusters, respectively, and eight (13%) accessions were considered as the mixed genotypes. The study of the population structure using Structure software showed two possible subgroups (K = 2) in the studied population and the results of the bar plot confirmed it. Association study using the general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) identified the number of 35 and 32 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for the first year (2019) and 37 and 35 significant MTAs for the second year (2020), respectively. Among the significant MTAs identified for different traits, the highest number of significant MTAs were obtained for grain yield and 1000-grain weight with six and five MTAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Souri Laki
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box: 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Rabiei
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box: 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Hassan Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Jokarfard
- Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, PO Box: 41635-1314, Rasht, Iran
| | - Andreas Börner
- Department of Gene Bank, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Seeland/OT, Gatersleben, Germany
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Bhardwaj R, Yadav R, Vishwakarma H, Sharma K, Chandora R, Rana JC, Riar A. Agro-morphological and nutritional assessment of chenopod and quinoa germplasm-Highly adaptable potential crops. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5446-5459. [PMID: 37701188 PMCID: PMC10494622 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae, a pseudo-grain having high nutritional value and is considered an underexploited vegetable crop with the potential to improve the nutritional security of millions. Therefore, assessing genetic diversity in Chenopodium germplasm to untap nutritional and site-specific adaptation potential would be of prime importance for breeders/researchers. The present study used 10 accessions of two Chenopodium species, that is, C. quinoa and C. album. Quantitative and qualitative phenotypic traits, proximate composition, minerals, and amino acids profiles were studied to compare the differences in nutritional value and extent of genetic diversity between these two species. Our results showed significant variation existed in yield attributing agro-morphological traits. All the traits were considered for hierarchical clustering and principal components analysis. Large genetic variability was observed in traits of Chenopodium accessions. The protein, dietary fiber, oil, and sugar content ranged from 16.6% to 19.7%, 16.8% to 26%, 3.54% to 8.46%, and 3.74% to 5.64%, respectively. The results showed that C. album and C. quinoa seeds had good nutritional value and health-promoting benefits. The C. quinoa was slightly ahead of than C. album in terms of nutritional value, but C. album accession IC415477 was at par for higher test weight, seed yield (117.02 g/plant), and other nutritional parameters with C. quinoa accessions. IC415477 and other potential accessions observed in this study may be taken up by breeders/researchers in the near future to dissect nutritional value of Chenopodium and related species for dietary diversity, which is imperative for the nutritional security of the ever-growing world's population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhardwaj
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Kriti Sharma
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rahul Chandora
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIATNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amritbir Riar
- Department of International CooperationResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBLFrickSwitzerland
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Taaime N, El Mejahed K, Choukr-Allah R, Bouabid R, Oukarroum A, El Gharous M. Optimization of macronutrients for improved grain yield of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) crop under semi-arid conditions of Morocco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1146658. [PMID: 37441174 PMCID: PMC10333577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, quinoa represents a potential alternative crop for increasing crops diversity, agricultural productivity, and farmer's income in semi-arid regions. However, appropriate crop management practices under limited water supply are still poorly documented. Quinoa, like other cultivated crops, needs optimum quantities of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), for better growth and high grain yield. To determine the adequate levels of nutrient requirements and their effect on quinoa growth and productivity, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The experiment was conducted in Ben Guerir region, north-central Morocco, and consisted of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments studied consist of a combination of four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1), three P rates (0, 30, and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1), and three K rates (0, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha-1). The physiological, nutritional, and production parameters of quinoa were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the highest total biomass (3.9 t ha-1) and grain yield (0.8 t ha-1) under semi-arid conditions were obtained with 40 kg N ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1. The application of 40-60-120 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O increased plant height by 44%, chlorophyll content index by 96%, total biomass by 134%, grain yield by 112%, and seed weight by 118%. Among the three macronutrients, N was the most limiting factor, followed by K and P. Nutrients uptake data showed that quinoa needs 60 kg N, 26 kg P2O5, and 205 kg K2O to produce 1 t of grain yield. Our field results provide future recommendations for improving the agronomic and environmental sustainability of quinoa cultivation in dryland areas in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Taaime
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Mejahed
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Redouane Choukr-Allah
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bouabid
- Department of Agronomy, National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Gharous
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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El Mouttaqi A, Sabraoui T, Belcaid M, Ibourki M, Mnaouer I, Lazaar K, Sehbaoui F, Ait Elhaj R, Khaldi M, Rafik S, Zim J, Nilahyane A, Ghoulam C, Devkota KP, Kouisni L, Hirich A. Agro-morphological and biochemical responses of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd. var: ICBA-Q5) to organic amendments under various salinity conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143170. [PMID: 37223820 PMCID: PMC10200984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the Sahara Desert, due to drought and salinity and poor soil fertility, very limited crop choice is available for the farmers to grow crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has shown promising under such conditions in the South of Morocco, a true representative site of Sahara Desert. Soil organic amendments have the potential to minimize negative effects of soil salinity and improve crop production. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of nine organic amendments on quinoa (var. ICBA-Q5) growth, productivity, and biochemical parameters under saline irrigation water application (4, 12, and 20 dS·m-1). Results of the experiment indicate a significant effect of organic amendments on major agro-morphological and productivity parameters. Biomass and seed yield tends to decrease with the rise of salinity level, and organic amendments have improved productivity compared to the non-treated control. However, salinity stress alleviation was assessed by determining pigments concentration, proline content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the action of organic amendments varies from one level of salinity to another. Furthermore, a remarkably significant decrease in total saponin content was reached due to the application of amendments even at high saline conditions (20 dS·m-1). The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the productivity of quinoa as an alternative food crop under salinity conditions by using organic amendments and improving the quality of grains (saponin reduction) during the pre-industrialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub El Mouttaqi
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Talal Sabraoui
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Belcaid
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ibourki
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Ihssane Mnaouer
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Karima Lazaar
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Faissal Sehbaoui
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Reda Ait Elhaj
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Manal Khaldi
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Sifeddine Rafik
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Jamaâ Zim
- Department of Plant Protection, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Nilahyane
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Cherki Ghoulam
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Agrobiotechnology & Bioengineering Centre, Cadi Ayyad University, FST, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
- Soil, Water, and Agronomy (SWA) Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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Morillo Coronado AC, Castro MA, Manjarres Hernandez EH. Interpopulation characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from different agroecological environments of Colombia. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271954. [PMID: 37132743 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. it is an Andean cereal of great importance for human consumption due to its high nutritional value. In Colombia there is a high phenotypic and genotypic variability within quinoa crops, which has not been studied and has been maintained by the same farmers cycle after production cycle. The objective of this study was to carry out an interpopulation characterization of quinoa cultivated in different producing municipalities of the department of Boyacá, in Colombia, for which 19 morphological descriptors were used, which were evaluated in situ in nine municipalities and analyzed through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, correlation and conglomerates. In the evaluation of the quantitative traits for all the populations, it was observed that the most variable descriptors were Number of teeth lower leaf (DHI), Lower leaf length (LHI), Width upper leaf (AHI) and Number of teeth upper leaf (DHS). Great segregation between and within individuals of Blanca de Jericó and Piartal was observed for panicle and leaf color and shape, stem color, presence of teeth, and axils on upper and lower leaves. A classification key is proposed that allows in the field to be able to morphologically differentiate the genotypes of Piartal and Blanca de Jericó. This research shows that among the most cultivated genotypes in the department of Boyacá, there is still an important phenotypic diversity given at the inter and intra-individual level, due to the phenological state and the agroclimatological conditions of the different producing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Morillo Coronado
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo Competitividad, Innovación y Desarrollo Empresarial - CIDE, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - M A Castro
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo Competitividad, Innovación y Desarrollo Empresarial - CIDE, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - E H Manjarres Hernandez
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo Competitividad, Innovación y Desarrollo Empresarial - CIDE, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
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Hussain MI, Muscolo A, Ahmed M. Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: Crosstalk between Biochemistry and Ecophysiology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3294. [PMID: 36501330 PMCID: PMC9737920 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures (cold and heat) and oxidative stress, are often interrelated; these conditions singularly or in combination induce cellular damage [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Adele Muscolo
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranea University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
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Manjarres Hernández EH, Morillo Coronado AC, Cárdenas Chaparro A, Merchán López C. Yield, phenology and triterpene saponins in Colombian quinoa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.919885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring yield, phenology and their relationship with secondary metabolites in seeds provides a fundamental analysis that expands knowledge on the nutritional quality of seeds and the effect on productive potential. This knowledge is fundamental when improving or selecting nutritionally important crops, including Chenopodium quinoa Willd, which has excellent nutritional properties and contributes to global food security. This species contains saponins, a metabolite that imparts a bitter taste and can be highly toxic to consumers in large quantities. Therefore, the identification and selection of genotypes according to their saponin contents and outstanding agronomic characteristics are fundamental objectives for the genetic improvement programs of these species. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the characteristics of the grain, the phenology and the saponin content of 30 C. quinoa accessions with an aim to select or relate genotypes according to their yield and grain quality. The accessions were sown using randomized complete blocks (RCB) with nine repetitions for each material. Seven FAO-defined descriptors were evaluated to characterize the grain and physiological maturity. Saponin was extracted using microwave, and the quantification was done with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which a UV-VIS detector at 277 nm wavelength. The accessions were classified according to their phenology: semi-late (56.7%), late (36.7%), and semi-early (3.3%). The total triterpene saponin content varied from 0.018 to 0.537%. The multivariate and cluster analyses formed groups of accessions with good yields (>62.02 g of seeds per plant) and desirable grain morphological characteristics. The more suitable accessions for the production of saponins are Quinoa semiamarga (0.537%), Quinoa peruana (0.412%) and Amarilla de maranganí (0.305%). Quinoa real and Quinoa primavera are more suitable for food products, which can be used as parents in future quinoa genetic improvement programs in Colombia.
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Hlásná Cepková P, Dostalíková L, Viehmannová I, Jágr M, Janovská D. Diversity of quinoa genetic resources for sustainable production: A survey on nutritive characteristics as influenced by environmental conditions. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.960159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental extremes and climatic variability have enhanced the changes in numerous plant stressors. Researchers have been working to improve “major” crops for several decades to make them more adaptable and tolerant to environmental stresses. However, neglected and underutilized crop species that have the potential to ensure food and nutritional security for the ever-growing global population have received little or no research attention. Quinoa is one of these crops. It is a pseudocereal, considered a rich and balanced food resource due to its protein content and protein quality, high mineral content, and health benefits. This review provides currently available information on the genetic resources of quinoa and their quality in terms of variability of economically important traits such as yield, and the content of bioactive compounds, such as protein and amino acid composition. The influence of variety and environmental conditions on selected traits is also discussed. The various types of nutrients present in the different varieties form the basis and are key for future breeding efforts and for efficient, healthy, and sustainable food production.
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Morillo-Coronado AC, Manjarres-Hernández EH, Reyes-Ardila WL, Morillo-Coronado Y. Phenotypic intrapopulation variation in quinoa from the department of Boyacá, Colombia. REVISTA U.D.C.A ACTUALIDAD & DIVULGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.31910/rudca.v25.n1.2022.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Chen W, Peng Y, Lin Q, Zhang T, Yan B, Bai L, Pan L. Germination Characteristics Associated With Glutathione S-Transferases Endowed Quizalofop-p-Ethyl Resistance in Polypogon fugax. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861056. [PMID: 35665161 PMCID: PMC9158530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of germination characteristics between herbicide-resistant and -susceptible weeds might provide methods to control resistant weeds and permit better prediction of evolution and persistence of herbicide resistance. This study aimed to compare the germination characteristics of Asian minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) populations that are resistant or susceptible to quizalofop-p-ethyl under controlled conditions, which the resistance mechanism is involved in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) metabolism-based resistance. No major differences in seed germination were found at diverse temperatures, pH ranges, and light conditions. However, a significant difference that seed response to a gradient of osmotic and salt stress between the resistant and susceptible P. fugax populations were found. Two stress response genes (P5CS-1 and CDPK-2) in P. fugax were likely involved in germination rate as well as germination speed in response to these stresses. Subsequently, population verification demonstrated that P5CS-1 and CDPK-2 genes may be linked to the resistance mechanism. Additionally, the two genes play an important role in response to salt stress and osmotic stress as shown by transcript abundance after stress treatments. Our findings suggest that the variation of the germination characteristics in P. fugax associates with the presence of GST-endowed resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Peng
- Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaojiao Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Bei Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lang Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Hafeez MB, Iqbal S, Li Y, Saddiq MS, Basra SMA, Zhang H, Zahra N, Akram MZ, Bertero D, Curti RN. Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity in the USDA Collection of Quinoa Links Genotypic Adaptation to Germplasm Origin. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060738. [PMID: 35336620 PMCID: PMC8954766 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa’s germplasm evaluation is the first step towards determining its suitability under new environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to introduce suitable germplasm to the lowland areas of the Faisalabad Plain that could then be used to introduce quinoa more effectively to that region. A set of 117 quinoa genotypes belonging to the USDA quinoa collection was evaluated for 11 phenotypic quantitative traits (grain yield (Y), its biological and numerical components plus phenological variables) in a RCBD during two consecutive growing seasons at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan under mid-autumn sowings. Genotypic performance changed across the years, however most phenotypic traits showed high heritability, from 0.75 for Harvest Index (HI) to 0.97 for aerial biomass (B) and Y. Ordination and cluster analyses differentiated four groups dominated by genotypes from: Peru and the Bolivian Highlands (G1); the Bolivian Highlands (G2); the Ballón collection (regarded as a cross between Bolivian and Sea Level (Chilean) genotypes) plus Bolivian Highlands (G3); and Ballón plus Sea Level (G4), this latter group being the most differentiated one. This genetic structure shared similarities with previous groups identified using SSR markers and G×E data from an international quinoa test. G4 genotypes showed the highest Y associated with higher B and seed numbers (SN), while HI made a significant contribution to yield determination in G2 and seed weight (SW) in G3. G1 and G2 showed the lowest Y associated with a lower B and SN. Moreover, SW showed a strongly negative association with SN in G2. Accordingly, G4 followed by G3 are better suited to the lowland areas of Faisalabad plain and the physiological traits underlying yield determination among genotypic groups should be considered in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.B.H.); (S.M.A.B.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
- Instititute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.N.C.)
| | | | - Shahzad M. A. Basra
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.B.H.); (S.M.A.B.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Z. Akram
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.B.H.); (S.M.A.B.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Daniel Bertero
- Cátedra de Producción Vegetal and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA)—CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina;
| | - Ramiro N. Curti
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales and Sede Regional Sur, Universidad Nacional de Salta—CCT-CONICET, Salta 4400, Argentina
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.N.C.)
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González-Teuber M, Contreras RA, Zúñiga GE, Barrera D, Bascuñán-Godoy L. Synergistic Association With Root Endophytic Fungi Improves Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Chenopodium quinoa to Salt Stress. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.787318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic associations with microbes can contribute to mitigating abiotic environmental stress in plants. In this study, we investigated individual and interactive effects of two root endophytic fungal species on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the crop Chenopodium quinoa in response to salinity. Fungal endophytes (FE) Talaromyces minioluteus and Penicillium murcianum, isolated from quinoa plants that occur naturally in the Atacama Desert, were used for endophyte inoculation. A greenhouse experiment was developed using four plant groups: (1) plants inoculated with T. minioluteus (E1+), (2) plants inoculated with P. murcianum (E2+), (3) plants inoculated with both fungal species (E1E2+), and (4) non-inoculated plants (E-). Plants from each group were then assigned to either salt (300 mM) or control (no salt) treatments. Differences in morphological traits, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase, (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), phenolic content, and lipid peroxidation between plant groups under each treatment were examined. We found that both endophyte species significantly improved morphological and physiological traits, including plant height, number of shoots, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, in C. quinoa in response to salt, but optimal physiological responses were observed in E1E2+ plants. Under saline conditions, endophyte inoculation improved SOD, APX, and POD activity by over 50%, and phenolic content by approximately 30%, with optimal enzymatic responses again observed in E1E2+ plants. Lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. Results demonstrate that both endophyte species enhanced the ability of C. quinoa to cope with salt stress by improving antioxidative enzyme and non-enzyme systems. In general, both FE species interacting in tandem yielded better morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to salinity in quinoa than inoculation by a single species in isolation. Our study highlights the importance of stress-adapted FE as a biological agent for mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants.
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Abd El-Moneim D, ELsarag EIS, Aloufi S, El-Azraq AM, ALshamrani SM, Safhi FAA, Ibrahim AA. Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): Genetic Diversity According to ISSR and SCoT Markers, Relative Gene Expression, and Morpho-Physiological Variation under Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122802. [PMID: 34961273 PMCID: PMC8707205 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a halophytic crop that can withstand a variety of abiotic stresses, including salt. The present research examined the mechanisms of salt tolerance in five different quinoa genotypes at four different salinity levels (control (60), 80, 120, and 160 mM NaCl). ISSR and SCoT analysis revealed high polymorphism percentages of 90.91% and 85.26%, respectively. Furthermore, ISSR 1 and SCoT 7 attained the greatest number of polymorphic amplicons (27 and 26), respectively. Notably, LINE-6 and M-28 genotypes demonstrated the greatest number of unique positive and negative amplicons (50 and 42) generated from ISSR and SCoT, respectively. Protein pattern analysis detected 11 bands with a polymorphism percentage 27.27% among the quinoa genotypes, with three unique bands distinguishable for the M-28 genotype. Similarity correlation indicated that the highest similarity was between S-10 and Regeolone-3 (0.657), while the lowest similarity was between M-28 and LINE-6 (0.44). Significant variations existed among the studied salinity treatments, genotypes, and the interactions between them. The highest and lowest values for all the studied morpho-physiological and biochemical traits were recorded at 60 and 160 mM NaCl concentrations, respectively, except for the Na and proline contents, which exhibited the opposite relationship. The M-28 genotype demonstrated the highest values for all studied characteristics, while the LINE-6 genotype represented the lowest in both seasons. On the other hand, mRNA transcript levels for CqSOS1 did not exhibit differential expression in roots and leaf tissues, while the expression of CqNHX1 was upregulated more in both tissues for the M-28 genotype than for the LINE-6 genotype, and its maximum induction was seen in the leaves. Overall, the genotypes M-28 and LINE-6 were identified as the most and least salinity-tolerant, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Eman I. S. ELsarag
- Department of Plant Production (Agronomy Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt; (E.I.S.E.); (A.M.E.-A.)
| | - Salman Aloufi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asmaa M. El-Azraq
- Department of Plant Production (Agronomy Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt; (E.I.S.E.); (A.M.E.-A.)
| | - Salha Mesfer ALshamrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amira A. Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Granado-Rodríguez S, Vilariño-Rodríguez S, Maestro-Gaitán I, Matías J, Rodríguez MJ, Calvo P, Cruz V, Bolaños L, Reguera M. Genotype-Dependent Variation of Nutritional Quality-Related Traits in Quinoa Seeds. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102128. [PMID: 34685936 PMCID: PMC8537255 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the relationship between the nutritional properties of seeds and the genetic background constitutes an essential analysis, which contributes to broadening our knowledge regarding the control of the nutritional quality of seeds or any other edible plant structure. This is an important aspect when aiming at improving the nutritional characteristics of crops, including those of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa), which has the potential to contribute to food security worldwide. Previous works have already described changes in the nutritional properties of quinoa seeds due to the influence of the environment, the genotype, or their interaction. However, there is an important limitation in the analyses carried out, including the outcomes that can be translated into agronomical practices and their effect on seed quality. In the present study, several seed nutritional-related parameters were analyzed in 15 quinoa cultivars grown in a particular environmental context. Important agronomical and nutritional differences were found among cultivars, such as variations in mineral or protein contents and seed viability. More importantly, our analyses revealed key correlations between seed quality-related traits in some cultivars, including those that relate yield and antioxidants or yield and the germination rate. These results highlight the importance of considering the genotypic variation in quinoa when selecting improved quinoa varieties with the best nutritional characteristics for new cultivation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granado-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (I.M.-G.); (L.B.)
| | - Susana Vilariño-Rodríguez
- Vitrosur Lab SLU, Algodonera del Sur, Carretera Trebujena C-441 (km 5.5), Lebrija, 41740 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Isaac Maestro-Gaitán
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (I.M.-G.); (L.B.)
| | - Javier Matías
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain; (J.M.); (V.C.)
| | - María José Rodríguez
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricia Calvo
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (M.J.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Verónica Cruz
- Agrarian Research Institute “La Orden-Valdesequera” of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain; (J.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Luis Bolaños
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (I.M.-G.); (L.B.)
| | - María Reguera
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.G.-R.); (I.M.-G.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-914978189
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16
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Le L, Gong X, An Q, Xiang D, Zou L, Peng L, Wu X, Tan M, Nie Z, Wu Q, Zhao G, Wan Y. Quinoa sprouts as potential vegetable source: Nutrient composition and functional contents of different quinoa sprout varieties. Food Chem 2021; 357:129752. [PMID: 33915464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa has a long history of cultivation and unique nutritional value. Quinoa sprouts can be eaten as leafy vegetables, but their nutritional quality is unknown. Ten quinoa sprout varieties (lines) were evaluated and compared for nutrient and functional composition. All quinoa sprout varieties had high contents of moisture content, reducing sugar, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin C. All varieties contained all essential amino acids, with leucine present in abundance. They had high contents of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids (β-carotene and lycopene) as well as chlorophylls a and b. Overall, var. LL-01 had better nutrient and phytochemical composition than other varieties. The potential nutritionalhealth benefits of quinoa sprouts as a vegetable are important for both traditional and contemporary diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Le
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxiao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi An
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Nie
- Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengluo road 2025, Shiling town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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