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Hafeez MB, Krawczuk M, Shahzad H, Pasha AA, Adil M. Retraction Note: Simulation of hybridized nanofluids flowing and heat transfer enhancement via 3-D vertical heated plate using finite element technique. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8641. [PMID: 38622238 PMCID: PMC11018832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Machine Design, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marek Krawczuk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Machine Design, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hasan Shahzad
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Amjad Ali Pasha
- Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Adil
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad N, Virk AL, Nizami AS, Lal R, Chang SX, Hafeez MB, Guo X, Wang R, Wang X, Iqbal HMW, Albasher G, Li J. Carbon trade-off and energy budgeting under conventional and conservation tillage in a rice-wheat double cropping system. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119888. [PMID: 38176379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Amid rising energy crises and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, designing energy efficient, GHG mitigation and profitable conservation farming strategies are pertinent for global food security. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that no-till with residue retaining could improve energy productivity (EP) and energy use efficiency (EUE) while mitigating the carbon footprint (CF), water footprint (WF) and GHG emissions in rice-wheat double cropping system. We studied two tillage viz., conventional and conservation, with/without residue retaining, resulting as CT0 (puddled-transplanted rice, conventional wheat -residue), CTR (puddled-transplanted rice, conventional wheat + residue), NT0 (direct seeded rice, zero-till wheat -residue), and NTR (direct seeded rice, zero-till wheat + residue). The overall results showed that the NTR/NT0 had 34% less energy consumption and 1.2-time higher EP as compared to CTR/CT0. In addition, NTR increased 19.8% EUE than that of CT0. The grain yield ranged from 8.7 to 9.3 and 7.8-8.5 Mg ha-1 under CT and NT system, respectively. In NTR, CF and WF were 56.6% and 17.9% lower than that of CT0, respectively. The net GHG emissions were the highest (7261.4 kg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) under CT0 and lowest (4580.9 kg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) under NTR. Notably, the carbon sequestration under NTR could mitigate half of the system's CO2-eq emissions. The study results suggest that NTR could be a viable option to offset carbon emissions and water footprint by promoting soil organic carbon sequestration, and enhancing energy productivity and energy use efficiency in the South Asian Indo-Gangetic Plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management & Sequestration, The Ohio State University, 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | | | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Kausar A, Zahra N, Zahra H, Hafeez MB, Zafer S, Shahzadi A, Raza A, Djalovic I, Prasad PVV. Alleviation of drought stress through foliar application of thiamine in two varieties of pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2186045. [PMID: 37016728 PMCID: PMC10012936 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2186045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poorly impacts many morphological and physio-biochemical processes in plants. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants are highly nutritious crops destined for human consumption; however, their productivity is threatened under drought stress. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is well-known essential micronutrient, acting as a cofactor in key metabolic processes. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the protective effect of foliar application of thiamine (0, 250, and 500 ppm) on two varieties of pea plants under drought stress. Here, we conducted the pot experiment at the Government College Women University, Faisalabad, to investigate the physio-biochemical and morphological traits of two pea varieties (sarsabz and metior) grown under drought stress and thiamine treatment. Drought stress was applied to plants after germination period of 1 month. Results showed that root fresh and dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of pods, leaf area, total soluble sugars, total phenolics, total protein contents, catalase, peroxidase, and mineral ions were reduced against drought stress. However, the application of thiamine (both 250 and 500 ppm) overcome the stress and also enhances these parameters, and significantly increases the antioxidant activities (catalase and peroxidase). Moreover, the performance of sarsabz was better under control and drought stress conditions than metior variety. In conclusion, the exogenous application of thiamine enabled the plants to withstand drought stress conditions by regulating several physiological and biochemical mechanisms. In agriculture, it is a great latent to alleviate the antagonistic impact of drought stress on crops through the foliar application of thiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Kausar
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Zahra
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sara Zafer
- Department of Botany, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Shahzadi
- Department of Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - PV Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Wahid A, Al Masruri MH, Ullah A, Siddique KHM, Farooq M. Impact of climate change on wheat grain composition and quality. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2745-2751. [PMID: 36273267 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grain quality, an important determinant for human nutrition, is often overlooked when improving crop production for stressed environments. Climate change makes this task more difficult by imposing combined stresses. The scenarios relevant to climate change include elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2 ) and extreme climatic events such as drought, heat waves, and salinity stresses. However, data on wheat quality in terms of climate change are limited, with no concerted efforts at the global level to provide an equitable and consistent climate risk assessment for wheat grain quality. Climate change induces changes in the quality and composition of wheat grain, a premier staple food crop globally. Climate-change events, such as eCO2 , heat, drought, salinity stress stresses, heat + drought, eCO2 + drought, and eCO2 + heat stresses, alter wheat grain quality in terms of grain weight, nutrient, anti-nutrient, fiber, and protein content and composition, starch granules, and free amino acid composition. Interestingly, in comparison with other stresses, heat stress and drought stress increase phytate content, which restricts the bioavailability of essential mineral elements. All climatic events, except for eCO2 + heat stress, increase grain gliadin content in different wheat varieties. However, grain quality components depend more on inter-varietal difference, stress type, and exposure time and intensity. The climatic events show differential regulation of protein and starch accumulation, and mineral metabolism in wheat grains. Rapid climate shifting impairs wheat productivity and causes grain quality to deteriorate by interrupting the allocation of essential nutrients and photoassimilates. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muna Hamed Al Masruri
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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5
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Hafeez MB, Zahra N, Ahmad N, Shi Z, Raza A, Wang X, Li J. Growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants induced by magnetic fields: A review. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:8-23. [PMID: 35929950 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's geomagnetic field (GMF) is an inescapable environmental factor for plants that affects all growth and yield parameters. Both strong and weak magnetic fields (MF), as compared to the GMF, have specific roles in plant growth and development. MF technology is an eco-friendly technique that does not emit waste or generate harmful radiation, nor require any external power supply, so it can be used in sustainable modern agriculture. Thus, exposure of plants to MF is a potential affordable, reusable and safe practice for enhancing crop productivity by changing physiological and biochemical processes. However, the effect of MF on plant physiological and biochemical processes is not yet well understood. This review describes the effects of altering MF conditions (higher or lower values than the GMF) on physiological and biochemical processes of plants. The current contradictory and inconsistent outcomes from studies on varying effects of MF on plants could be related to species and/or MF exposure time and intensity. The reviewed literature suggests MF have a role in changing physiological processes, such as respiration, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, water relations and biochemical attributes, including genes involved in ROS, antioxidants, enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites. MF application might efficiently increase growth and yield of many crops, and as such, should be the focus for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hafeez
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - N Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N Ahmad
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Z Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - A Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - X Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - J Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zahra N, Wahid A, Hafeez MB, Shaukat K, Shahzad S, Shah T, Alyemeni MN. Plant Growth Promoters Alleviate Oxidative Damages and Improve the Growth of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Under Salinity Stress. J Plant Growth Regul 2022. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Hafeez MB, Krawczuk M, Shahzad H, Pasha AA, Adil M. Simulation of hybridized nanofluids flowing and heat transfer enhancement via 3-D vertical heated plate using finite element technique. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11658. [PMID: 35804039 PMCID: PMC9270358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study probed the creation of heat energy and concentrating into Newtonian liquids across vertical 3D-heated plates. The role of the Soret and Dufour theories in concentrating and energy formulas is discussed. The role of hybrid nanoparticles is introduced to illustrate particle efficiency in terms of solute and thermal energy. It is removed a viscous dissipation process and a changing magnetic field. The proposed approach is motivated by the need to maximize solute and thermal energy uses in biological and industrial domains. The constructed system of (partial differential equations) PDEs includes concentration, momentum, and thermal energy equations within various thermal characteristics. Transformations are used to formulate the system of (ordinary differential equations) ODEs for solution. To assess various features vs various variables, a Galerkin finite element approach is used. Motion into nanoscale components is shown to be smaller than motion into hybrid nanoparticles. Furthermore, fluctuations in heat energy and solute particle counts are seen in relation to changes in Soret, Eckert, magnetic, and Dufour numbers. The basic finding is that the generation of thermal energy for hybridized nanomaterials is much higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Machine Design, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marek Krawczuk
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Machine Design, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hasan Shahzad
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Amjad Ali Pasha
- Aerospace Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Adil
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad N, Virk AL, Hussain S, Hafeez MB, Haider FU, Rehmani MIA, Yasir TA, Asif A. Integrated application of plant bioregulator and micronutrients improves crop physiology, productivity and grain biofortification of delayed sown wheat. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:52534-52543. [PMID: 35262890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Delay sowing of wheat is a common problem in Punjab that exacerbates serious yield loss. To reduce yield loss and improve yield, different combinations of foliar-applied bioregulator and micronutrients, control (CK), zinc (Zn), boron (B), thiourea (TU), Zn + B (ZnB), Zn + TU (ZnTU), B + TU (BTU), Zn + B + TU (ZnBTU) were applied at booting and grain filling stages in delayed sown wheat in 2017-18 and 2018-19. The results showed that ZnBTU treatment significantly increased leaf area index by 25.06% and 23.21%, spike length by 15.11% and 19.65% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared to CK. The ZnBTU treatment also increased 1000-grain weight by 21.96% and 22.01% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared to CK. Similarly, higher Zn, B and N contents in straw and grain were recoded for ZnBTU treatment which was statistically similar to ZnB and ZnTU treatments. Overall, ZnBTU treatment also increased the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance by 46.67%, 26.03%, 76.25% and decreased internal CO2 by 28.18%, compared to CK, respectively. Moreover, ZnBTU also recorded the highest grain yield in 2017-18 (25.05%) and 2018-19 (28.49%) than CK. In conclusion, foliar application of ZnBTU at the booting and grain filling stages of delayed sown wheat could be a promising strategy to increase grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah , Layyah, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Asif
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Raza A, Tabassum J, Mubarik MS, Anwar S, Zahra N, Sharif Y, Hafeez MB, Zhang C, Corpas FJ, Chen H. Hydrogen sulfide: an emerging component against abiotic stress in plants. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:540-558. [PMID: 34870354 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As a result of climate change, abiotic stresses are the most common cause of crop losses worldwide. Abiotic stresses significantly impair plants' physiological, biochemical, molecular and cellular mechanisms, limiting crop productivity under adverse climate conditions. However, plants can implement essential mechanisms against abiotic stressors to maintain their growth and persistence under such stressful environments. In nature, plants have developed several adaptations and defence mechanisms to mitigate abiotic stress. Moreover, recent research has revealed that signalling molecules like hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) play a crucial role in mitigating the adverse effects of environmental stresses in plants by implementing several physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Mainly, H2 S helps to implement antioxidant defence systems, and interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, etc. These molecules are well-known as the key players that moderate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses. Currently, little progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the protective role of H2 S; however, it is imperative to understand the molecular basis using the state-of-the-art CRISPR-Cas gene-editing tool. Subsequently, genetic engineering could provide a promising approach to unravelling the molecular basis of stress tolerance mediated by exogenous/endogenous H2 S. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the beneficial roles of H2 S in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Further, we also discuss the interaction and crosstalk between H2 S and other signal molecules; as well as highlighting some genetic engineering-based current and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - J Tabassum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Zhejiang, China
| | - M S Mubarik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Narowal (UON), Narowal, 51600, Pakistan
| | - S Anwar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - N Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Y Sharif
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - M B Hafeez
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - C Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - F J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
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Zahra N, Al Hinai MS, Hafeez MB, Rehman A, Wahid A, Siddique KHM, Farooq M. Regulation of photosynthesis under salt stress and associated tolerance mechanisms. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 178:55-69. [PMID: 35276596 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is crucial for the survival of all living biota, playing a key role in plant productivity by generating the carbon skeleton that is the primary component of all biomolecules. Salinity stress is a major threat to agricultural productivity and sustainability as it can cause irreversible damage to photosynthetic apparatus at any developmental stage. However, the capacity of plants to become photosynthetically active under adverse saline conditions remains largely untapped. This study addresses this discrepancy by exploring the current knowledge on the impact of salinity on chloroplast operation, metabolism, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf anatomy, and highlights the dire consequences for photosynthetic machinery and stomatal conductance. We also discuss enhancing photosynthetic capacity by modifying and redistributing electron transport between photosystems and improving photosystem stability using genetic approaches, beneficial microbial inoculations, and root architecture changes to improve salt stress tolerance under field conditions. Understanding chloroplast operations and molecular engineering of photosynthetic genes under salinity stress will pave the way for developing salt-tolerant germplasm to ensure future sustainability by rehabilitating saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Marwa Sulaiman Al Hinai
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | | | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
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Naseer H, Shaukat K, Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Raza A, Nizar M, Qazi MA, Ali Q, A. Al-Huqail A, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM. Appraisal of foliar spray of iron and salicylic acid under artificial magnetism on morpho-physiological attributes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265654. [PMID: 35421099 PMCID: PMC9009661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The appraisal of foliar treatment of iron (Fe) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant under artificial magnetism is very crucial in understanding its impact on growth and development of plants. The present study was designed to document the potential role of Fe and SA on pea (Pisum sativum L.) Matore variety exposed to different magnetism treatments (geomagnetism and artificial magnetism). Thus a pot experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design under factorial with three replicates. Various artificial magnetic treatment were applied in pots prior to sowing. Further, 15 days germinated pea seedlings were foliarly supplemented with 250 ppm Fe and 250μM SA, moreover after 20 days of foliar fertilization plants were harvested to analyze and record various morpho-physiological attributes. Data elucidate significant variations in pea plants among different treatments. Artificial magnetism treatments in combination with foliar application of Fe and SA significantly improved various growth attributes (root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights of root and shoot, leaf area), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b and carotenoids) and the contents of soluble sugars. However, oxidative stress (H2O2 and MDA) enhanced under different magnetism treatment but foliar application of Fe and SA hampered the production of reactive oxygen species thereby limiting the concentration of H2O2 and MDA in plant tissues. Furthermore the accumulation of nutrients (iron, potassium and nitrate) profoundly increased under artificial magnetism treatment specifically under Fe and SA foliar treatment excluding nitrate where Fe foliar treatment tend to limit nitrate in plant. Consequently, the present research interestingly highlights progressive role of Fe and SA foliar treatment on pea plants under artificial magnetism. Thus, foliar supplementation may be suggested for better growth and development of plants combined with magnetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Naseer
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kanval Shaukat
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Mereen Nizar
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzar H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hafeez MB, Iqbal S, Li Y, Saddiq MS, Basra SMA, Zhang H, Zahra N, Akram MZ, Bertero D, Curti RN. Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity in the USDA Collection of Quinoa Links Genotypic Adaptation to Germplasm Origin. Plants 2022; 11:plants11060738. [PMID: 35336620 PMCID: PMC8954766 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa’s germplasm evaluation is the first step towards determining its suitability under new environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to introduce suitable germplasm to the lowland areas of the Faisalabad Plain that could then be used to introduce quinoa more effectively to that region. A set of 117 quinoa genotypes belonging to the USDA quinoa collection was evaluated for 11 phenotypic quantitative traits (grain yield (Y), its biological and numerical components plus phenological variables) in a RCBD during two consecutive growing seasons at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan under mid-autumn sowings. Genotypic performance changed across the years, however most phenotypic traits showed high heritability, from 0.75 for Harvest Index (HI) to 0.97 for aerial biomass (B) and Y. Ordination and cluster analyses differentiated four groups dominated by genotypes from: Peru and the Bolivian Highlands (G1); the Bolivian Highlands (G2); the Ballón collection (regarded as a cross between Bolivian and Sea Level (Chilean) genotypes) plus Bolivian Highlands (G3); and Ballón plus Sea Level (G4), this latter group being the most differentiated one. This genetic structure shared similarities with previous groups identified using SSR markers and G×E data from an international quinoa test. G4 genotypes showed the highest Y associated with higher B and seed numbers (SN), while HI made a significant contribution to yield determination in G2 and seed weight (SW) in G3. G1 and G2 showed the lowest Y associated with a lower B and SN. Moreover, SW showed a strongly negative association with SN in G2. Accordingly, G4 followed by G3 are better suited to the lowland areas of Faisalabad plain and the physiological traits underlying yield determination among genotypic groups should be considered in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.B.H.); (S.M.A.B.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
- Instititute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.N.C.)
| | | | - Shahzad M. A. Basra
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.B.H.); (S.M.A.B.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Z. Akram
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.B.H.); (S.M.A.B.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Daniel Bertero
- Cátedra de Producción Vegetal and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA)—CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina;
| | - Ramiro N. Curti
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales and Sede Regional Sur, Universidad Nacional de Salta—CCT-CONICET, Salta 4400, Argentina
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (R.N.C.)
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Nizar M, Shaukat K, Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Raza A, Samad A, Ali Q, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM. Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Ameliorate Cadmium Stress in Milk Thistle by Enhancing Morpho-Physiological Attributes Grown at Two Different Altitudes. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:809183. [PMID: 35154205 PMCID: PMC8830505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) is a potential and widespread toxic environmental pollutant, mainly derived from a rapid industrial process that has inhibitory effects on growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of various plant species, including medicinal plants such as Silybum marianum L. Gaertn commonly known as milk thistle. Plant signaling molecules, when applied exogenously, help to enhance/activate endogenous biosynthesis of potentially important signaling molecules and antioxidants that boost tolerance against various abiotic stresses, e.g., heavy metal stress. The present study documented the protective role of salicylic acid (SA;0.25 μM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 10 μM) priming, foliar spray, and combinational treatments in reducing Cd+2 toxicity (500 μM) in milk thistle grown at two diverse ecological zones of Balochistan Province of Pakistan i.e., Quetta (Qta) and Turbat (Tbt). The morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of milk thistle were significantly affected by Cd+2 toxicity; however, priming and foliar spray of SA and H2O2 significantly improved the growth attributes (root/shoot length, leaf area, and root/shoot fresh and dry weight), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, and carotenoids) and secondary metabolites (Anthocyanin, Soluble phenolics, and Tannins) at both altitudes by suppressing the negative impact of Cd+2. However, the oxidative damage parameters, i.e., MDA and H2O2, decreased astonishingly under the treatment of signaling molecules, thereby protecting membrane integrity under Cd+2 stress. The morphological variations were profound at the low altitude (Tbt) as compared to the high altitude (Qta). Interestingly, the physiological and biochemical attributes at both altitudes improved under SA and H2O2 treatments, thus hampered the toxic effect of Cd+2. These signaling compounds enhanced tolerance of plants under heavy metal stress conditions with the consideration of altitudinal, and ambient temperature variations remain to be the key concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mereen Nizar
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kanval Shaukat
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Haseeb M, Iqbal S, Hafeez MB, Saddiq MS, Zahra N, Raza A, lbrahim MU, Iqbal J, Kamran M, Ali Q, Javed T, Ali HM, Siddiqui MH. Phytoremediation of nickel by quinoa: Morphological and physiological response. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262309. [PMID: 35025916 PMCID: PMC8757961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of soil contaminated with heavy metal increases due to urbanization, industrialization, and anthropogenic activities. Quinoa is considered a useful candidate in the remediation of such soil. In this pot experiment, the phytoextraction capacity of quinoa lines (A1, A2, A7, and A9) against different nickel (Ni) concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mg kg-1) were investigated. Required Ni concentrations were developed in polythene bags filled with sandy loam soil using nickel nitrate salt prior to two months of sowing and kept sealed up to sowing. Results showed that translocation of Ni increased from roots to shoots with an increase in soil Ni concentration in all lines. A2 line accumulated high Ni in leaf compared to the root as depicted by translocation factor 3.09 and 3.21 when grown at soil having 50 and 100 Ni mg kg-1, respectively. While, in the case of root, A7 accumulated high Ni followed by A9, A1, and A2, respectively. There was a 5–7% increased seed yield by 50 mg kg-1 Ni in all except A1 compared to control. However, growth and yield declined with a further increase in Ni level. The maximum reduction in yield was noticed in A9, which was strongly linked with poor physiological performance, e.g., chlorophyll a, b, and phenolic contents. Ni concentrations in the seed of all lines were within the permissible value set (67 ppm) by FAO/WHO. The result of the present study suggests that quinoa is a better accumulator of Ni. This species can provide the scope of decontamination of heavy metal polluted soil. The screened line can be used for future quinoa breeding programs for bioremediation and phytoextraction purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef, University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail Saddiq
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSS); (AR)
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Centre of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (MSS); (AR)
| | | | - Javaid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hafeez MB, Ramzan Y, Khan S, Ibrar D, Bashir S, Zahra N, Rashid N, Nadeem M, Rahman SU, Shair H, Ahmad J, Hussain M, Irshad S, Al-Hashimi A, Alfagham A, Diao ZH. Application of Zinc and Iron-Based Fertilizers Improves the Growth Attributes, Productivity, and Grain Quality of Two Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Cultivars. Front Nutr 2021; 8:779595. [PMID: 34966772 PMCID: PMC8710766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.779595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Field-based experiments were conducted during wheat cultivation seasons of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 to minimize the impact of hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiencies) through agronomic biofortification of two wheat cultivars with zinc and iron. Two spring-planted bread wheat cultivars: Zincol-16 (Zn-efficient) and Anaj-17 (Zn-inefficient with high-yield potential) were treated with either zinc (10 kg/ha), iron (12 kg/ha), or their combination to study their effect on some growth attributes (plant height, tillers, and spike length, etc.,), productivity, and quality. No application of zinc and iron or their combinations served as the control. Maximum Zn and Fe contents of grains were improved by sole application of Zn and Fe, respectively. A higher concentration of Ca in grains was observed by the combined application of Zn and Fe. Starch contents were found maximum by sole application of Fe. Sole or combined application of Zn and Fe reduced wet gluten contents. Maximum proteins were recorded in Anaj-17 under control treatments. Zincol-16 produced maximum ionic concentration, starch contents, and wet gluten as compared to Anaj-17. Yield and growth attributes were also significantly (p < 0.05) improved by combined application as compared to the sole application of Zn or Fe. The combined application also produced the highest biological and grain yield with a maximum harvest index. Cultivar Anaj-17 was found more responsive regarding growth and yield attributes comparatively. The findings of the present study showed that the combined application of Zn and Fe produced good quality grains (more Zn, Fe, Ca, starch, and less gluten concentrations) with a maximum productivity of bread wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ramzan
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Danish Ibrar
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Nadeem
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ur Rahman
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hira Shair
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Makhdoom Hussain
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Irshad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alfagham
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeng-Hui Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Zahra N, Wahid A, Hafeez MB, Alyemeni MN, Shah T, Ahmad P. Plant growth promoters mediated quality and yield attributes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) ecotypes under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23200. [PMID: 34853350 PMCID: PMC8636566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (Astraceae) is a well-reputed medicinal plant mostly utilized for silymarin (Sily) content and oil production, however, the information about Sily contents in achene part is still fragmented under different climatic conditions. In this study four milk thistle ecotypes from Faisalabad (FSD), Gujranwala (GUJ), Quetta (QTA), and Kallar kahar (KK) having an altered achene color were analyzed under salt stress. Application of plant growth promoters (PGPs) is one of the solution for ameliorating the effect of salinity and increasing the quantity and quality traits of milk thistle, so ascorbic acid (AsA), thiourea (TU), and moringa leaf extract (MLE) were soil supplied after developing salinity stress (120 mM with irrigation) at germination stage. Predetermined levels were selected for PGPs such as AsA (500 µM), MLE (3%), and TU (250 µM). Results revealed that all yield related attributes were significantly decreased, while secondary metabolites, pericarp epidermis, pericarp parenchyma, and pericarp seed integument increased under salinity stress. Data suggested that PGPs treatment was helpful to alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and enhance the milk thistle quality and quantity parameters. The ecotypic variations with altered achene color patterns represent an advantage for QTA ecotypes for higher Sily extraction under salt stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agroecology, Universite de Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, Srinagar, India.
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Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Shaukat K, Wahid A, Hasanuzzaman M. Fe toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:201-222. [PMID: 33547807 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fe is the fourth abundant element in the earth crust. Fe toxicity is not often discussed in plant science though it causes severe morphological and physiological disorders, including reduced germination percentage, interferes with enzymatic activities, nutritional imbalance, membrane damage, and chloroplast ultrastructure. It also causes severe toxicity to important biomolecules, which leads to ferroptotic cell death and induces structural changes in the photosynthetic apparatus, which results in retardation of carbon metabolism. However, some agronomic practices like soil remediation through chemicals, nutrients, and organic amendments and some breeding and genetic approaches can provide fruitful results in enhancing crop production in Fe-contaminated soils. Some quantitative trait loci have been reported for Fe tolerance in plants but the function of underlying genes is just emerging. Physiological and molecular mechanism of Fe uptake, translocation, toxicity, and remediation techniques are still under experimentation. In this review, the toxic effects of Fe on seed germination, carbon assimilation, water relations, nutrient uptake, oxidative damages, enzymatic activities, and overall plant growth and development have been discussed. The Fe dynamics in soil rhizosphere and role of remediation strategies, that is, biological, physical, and chemical, have also been described. Use of organic amendments, microbe, phytoremediation, and biological strategies is considered to be both cost and environment friendly for the purification of Fe-contaminated soil, while to ensure better crop yield and quality the manipulation of agronomic practices are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanval Shaukat
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zahra N, Wahid A, Shaukat K, Hafeez MB, Batool A, Hasanuzzaman M. Oxidative stress tolerance potential of milk thistle ecotypes after supplementation of different plant growth-promoting agents under salinity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 166:53-65. [PMID: 34090121 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different plant growth promoters (PGPs) such as ascorbic acid (500 μM), thiourea (250 μM) and moringa leaf extract (3%) to mitigate salinity stress (120 mM NaCl) in four different milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] ecotypes from Faisalabad (FSD), Gujranwala (GUJ), Kallar Kahar (KK), and Quetta (QTA) under field conditions for two years (2017-2018). In the present study, oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activities of different antioxidant enzymes and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants were significantly differed among ecotypes, salinity, and PGPs. Supplementation with ascorbic acid and moringa leaf extract improved antioxidant defense machinery during the acclimation process against salinity, and milk thistle ecotypes represent their background of ecological zones and inherent tendency to face and confronting stress with improving antioxidant levels to a significant extent in varying ways. Ecotypic variations showed that QTA ecotype Followed by FSD, GUJ, and KK had more antioxidant capacity, with minimum reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, the correlation data revealed that MDA and H2O2 had a positive correlation with each other and showed a negative correlation with all the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kanval Shaukat
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Aaliya Batool
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
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Khan S, Basit A, Hafeez MB, Irshad S, Bashir S, Bashir S, Maqbool MM, Saddiq MS, Hasnain Z, Aljuaid BS, El-Shehawi AM, Li Y. Moringa leaf extract improves biochemical attributes, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254452. [PMID: 34270569 PMCID: PMC8284786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing climate, food shortage, water scarcity and rapidly increasing population are some of the emerging challenges globally. Drought stress is the most devastating threat for agricultural productivity. Natural plant growth substances are intensively used to improve the productivity of crop plants grown under stressed and benign environments. The current study evaluated whether leaf extract of different moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) could play a role in improving drought-tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants were grown under three drought conditions, i.e., no, moderate and severe drought (100, 75 and 50% field capacity, respectively). Moringa leaf extract (MLE) obtained from four landraces (Multan, Faisalabad, D. G. Khan and exotic landrace from India) was applied during critical crop growth stages, i.e., tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling. Drought stress adversely affected the gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes' activities, yield and quality parameters of rice. Application of MLE from all landraces significantly improved physiological, biochemical and yield parameters under stressed and normal environmental conditions. The highest improvement in gas exchange traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and respiration rate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and oxidative marker (H2O2) was recorded with MLE obtained from Faisalabad landrace. The application of MLE of Faisalabad landrace also improved yield and grain quality of rice grown under drought stress as well as drought-free environment. Thus, MLE of Faisalabad can be successfully used to improve growth, productivity and grain quality of rice under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Sohail Irshad
- In-Service Agricultural Training Institute, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil & Environmental Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Bashir
- Department of Soil & Environmental Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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21
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Mubarik MS, Khan SH, Sajjad M, Raza A, Hafeez MB, Yasmeen T, Rizwan M, Ali S, Arif MS. A manipulative interplay between positive and negative regulators of phytohormones: A way forward for improving drought tolerance in plants. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:1269-1290. [PMID: 33421147 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among different abiotic stresses, drought stress is the leading cause of impaired plant growth and low productivity worldwide. It is therefore essential to understand the process of drought tolerance in plants and thus to enhance drought resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that phytohormones are essential signaling molecules that regulate diverse processes of plant growth and development under drought stress. Plants can often respond to drought stress through a cascade of phytohormones signaling as a means of plant growth regulation. Understanding biosynthesis pathways and regulatory crosstalk involved in these vital compounds could pave the way for improving plant drought tolerance while maintaining overall plant health. In recent years, the identification of phytohormones related key regulatory genes and their manipulation through state-of-the-art genome engineering tools have helped to improve drought tolerance plants. To date, several genes linked to phytohormones signaling networks, biosynthesis, and metabolism have been described as a promising contender for engineering drought tolerance. Recent advances in functional genomics have shown that enhanced expression of positive regulators involved in hormone biosynthesis could better equip plants against drought stress. Similarly, knocking down negative regulators of phytohormone biosynthesis can also be very effective to negate the negative effects of drought on plants. This review explained how manipulating positive and negative regulators of phytohormone signaling could be improvised to develop future crop varieties exhibiting higher drought tolerance. In addition, we also discuss the role of a promising genome editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9, on phytohormone mediated plant growth regulation for tackling drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Mubarik
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Habibullah Khan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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22
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Huang P, He L, Abbas A, Hussain S, Hussain S, Du D, Hafeez MB, Balooch S, Zahra N, Ren X, Rafiq M, Saqib M. Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:749. [PMID: 33921328 PMCID: PMC8069245 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Seed priming with sorghum water extract (SWE) enhances crop tolerance to salinity stress; however, the application of SWE under salinity for camelina crop has not been documented so far. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming with SWE in improving salt stress tolerance in camelina. Primed (with 5% SWE and distilled water-hydropriming) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (10 dS m-1) conditions. Salinity reduced camelina's emergence and growth, while seed priming with SWE improved growth under control and stress conditions. Under salt stress, seed priming with SWE enhanced emergence percentage (96.98%), increased root length (82%), shoot length (32%), root dry weight (75%), shoot dry weight (33%), α-amylase activity (66.43%), chlorophyll content (60-92%), antioxidant enzymes activity (38-171%) and shoot K+ ion (60%) compared with nontreated plants. Similarly, under stress conditions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and shoot Na+ ion were reduced by 60, 31, and 40% by seed priming with SWE, respectively, over the nonprimed seeds. Therefore, seed priming with SWE may be used to enhance the tolerance against salt stress in camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Lili He
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Adeel Abbas
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China or (S.H.); or (M.B.H.); or (X.R.)
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China or (S.H.); or (M.B.H.); or (X.R.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Sidra Balooch
- Department of Botany, Ghazi University D.G, Khan 32200, Pakistan; or
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; or
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China or (S.H.); or (M.B.H.); or (X.R.)
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan or (M.R.); or (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan or (M.R.); or (M.S.)
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23
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Batool S, Khan S, Basra SM, Hussain M, Saddiq MS, Iqbal S, Irshad S, Bashir S, Hafeez MB. Impact of Natural and Synthetic Plant Stimulants on Moringa Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions. ILNS 2019. [DOI: 10.56431/p-533fb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18°C) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. Present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L-1), ascorbic acid (50 mg L-1) and salicylic acid (50 mg L-1). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony. Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area.] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; first round at the seedling age one month and second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
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24
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Batool S, Khan S, Basra SM, Hussain M, Saddiq MS, Iqbal S, Irshad S, Bashir S, Hafeez MB. Impact of Natural and Synthetic Plant Stimulants on Moringa Seedlings Grown under Low-Temperature Conditions. ILNS 2019. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.76.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18°C) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. Present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L-1), ascorbic acid (50 mg L-1) and salicylic acid (50 mg L-1). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony. Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area.] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; first round at the seedling age one month and second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
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