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Tran HTT, Nisha SS, Radjef R, Nikzad M, Bjekovic R, Fox B. Recyclable and Biobased Vitrimers for Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1025. [PMID: 38674946 PMCID: PMC11054932 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Economic and environmental concerns over the accumulation of end-of-life carbon fibre composite waste have led to increased attention to sustainable materials with low environmental impact. Over decades of research, vitrimers, a modern class of covalent adaptable networks, have bridged the gap between thermoplastics and thermosets. With the distinguishing feature of dynamic covalent bonds, vitrimers can be rearranged and reprocessed within their existing network structures in response to external stimuli such as heat or light. This poses a unique solution to repairing damaged composites, extending their service life, and reducing post-consumer waste. However, the synthesis of vitrimers often requires petrochemical consumption, which increases their carbon footprint. Using bio-based materials could be a promising solution to reduce the reliance on petrochemicals and their related pollution. This review compiles the contemporary requirements for bio-based vitrimers regarding their properties, scalability, and recycling features. This article also presents a comprehensive overview of the pathways to produce sustainable bio-based vitrimers and an overview of promising studies showing the potential uses of bio-derived vitrimers on carbon fibre composite productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang T. T. Tran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Shammi Sultana Nisha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Racim Radjef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Mostafa Nikzad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Robert Bjekovic
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany;
| | - Bronwyn Fox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia; (S.S.N.); (R.R.); (M.N.)
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2
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Zheng S, Xue H, Yao J, Chen Y, Brook MA, Noman ME, Cao Z. Exploring Lipoic Acid-Mediated Dynamic Bottlebrush Elastomers as a New Platform for the Design of High-Performance Thermally Conductive Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41043-41054. [PMID: 37590910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance thermally conductive interface materials is the key to unlocking the serious bottleneck of modern microelectronic technology through enhanced heat dispersion. Existing methods that utilize silicone composites rely either on loading large doses of randomly distributed thermal conductive fillers or on filling prealigned thermal conductive scaffolds with liquid silicone precursors. Both approaches suffer from several limitations in terms of physical traits and processability. We describe an alternative approach in which malleable silicone matrices, based on the dynamic cyclic disulfide nature cross-linker (α-lipoic acid), are readily prepared using ring-opening polymerization. The mechanical properties of the resultant dynamic silicone matrix are readily tunable. Stress-dependent depolymerization of the disulfide network demonstrates the ability to reprocess the silicone elastomer matrix, which allows for the fabrication of highly efficient thermal conductive composites with a 3D interconnecting, thermally conductive network (3D-graphite/MxBy composites) via in situ methods. Applications of the composites as thermal dispersion interface materials are demonstrated by LEDs and CPUs, suggesting great potential in advanced electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haiyan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Michael A Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Muhammad Ebad Noman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Zhihai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Anderson L, Sanders EW, Unthank MG. Recyclable thermosets based on modified epoxy-amine network polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:889-898. [PMID: 36537891 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of high performance, recyclable thermoset materials for applications in plastics, composites, coatings and adhesives requires a synthetic approach where recyclability is designed into the molecular structure of the material. This paper describes a single stage process for the creation of materials from simple, low-cost molecular building blocks, where the polymerisation of liquid epoxy resins and aliphatic amines in the presence of an n-butyl diboronic ester, delivers epoxy-amine-dioxazaborocane materials with tunable physical properties including glass transition temperature (Tg). Mechanical (thermal) recycling and reprocessing of the epoxy-amine-dioxazaborocane thermoset is demonstrated, with retention of Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Most notably, an efficient and low-cost process for the chemical recycling, disassembly and dissolution of the thermoset is demonstrated via two complementary processes using either pinacol (diol) or mono-functional phenylboronic ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Anderson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Edward W Sanders
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Matthew G Unthank
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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4
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Bio-Vitrimers for Sustainable Circular Bio-Economy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204338. [PMID: 36297916 PMCID: PMC9606967 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG) and cut CO2-emission is forcing researchers to develop bio-based materials over conventional polymers. Since most of the established bio-based polymeric materials demonstrate prominent sustainability, however, performance, cost, and durability limit their utilization in real-time applications. Additionally, a sustainable circular bioeconomy (CE) ensures SDGs deliver material production, where it ceases the linear approach from production to waste. Simultaneously, sustainable circular bio-economy promoted materials should exhibit the prominent properties to involve and substitute conventional materials. These interceptions can be resolved through state-of-the-art bio-vitrimeric materials that display durability/mechanical properties such as thermosets and processability/malleability such as thermoplastics. This article emphasizes the current need for vitrimers based on bio-derived chemicals; as well as to summarize the developed bio-based vitrimers (including reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties) and their requirements for a sustainable circular economy in future prospects.
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5
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Jing F, Zhao R, Li C, Xi Z, Wang Q, Xie H. Influence of the Epoxy/Acid Stoichiometry on the Cure Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Vitrimers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196335. [PMID: 36234872 PMCID: PMC9571190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A epoxy resin cured with a mixture of dimerized and trimerized fatty acids is the first epoxy vitrimer and has been extensively studied. However, the cure behavior and thermal and mechanical properties of this epoxy vitrimer depend on the epoxy/acid stoichiometry. To address these issues, epoxy vitrimers with three epoxy/acid stoichiometries (9:11, 1:1 and 11:9) were prepared and recycled four times. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the cure behavior of the original epoxy vitrimers. The dynamic mechanical properties and mechanical performance of the original and recycled epoxy vitrimers were investigated by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and a universal testing machine. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of epoxy vitrimer with different epoxy/acid stoichiometry was interpreted. With an increase in the epoxy/acid ratio, the reaction rate, swelling ratio, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the original epoxy vitrimers decreased, whereas the gel content increased. The recycling decreased the swelling ratio and elongation at break of the original epoxy vitrimers. Moreover, the elongation at break of the recycled epoxy vitrimers decreased with the epoxy/acid ratio at the same recycling time. However, the gel content, tensile strength and toughness of the original epoxy vitrimers increased after the recycling. The mechanical properties of epoxy vitrimers can be tuned with the variation in the epoxy/acid stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ruikang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zhonghua Xi
- Experimental Chemistry Teaching Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-25-8968-2568 (H.X.)
| | - Hongfeng Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-25-8968-2568 (H.X.)
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6
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Lou J, Yang L, Wei T, Yuan J, Deng J. Synergistic effect of silicon‐containing groups on the self‐healing performance of polyurethanes based on disulfide bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Lou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Lide Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Tao Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Jianru Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
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7
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Bui K, Wemyss AM, Zhang R, Nguyen GTM, Vancaeyzeele C, Vidal F, Plesse C, Wan C. Tailoring Electromechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vitrimers by Cross-Linkers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Bui
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- CY Cergy-Paris Université, LPPI, 95000 CERGY, France
| | - Alan M. Wemyss
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Runan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Cedric Plesse
- CY Cergy-Paris Université, LPPI, 95000 CERGY, France
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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8
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An L, Zhao W. Facile Surface Depolymerization Promotes the Welding of Hard Epoxy Vitrimer. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134488. [PMID: 35806612 PMCID: PMC9267785 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Welding via bond exchange reactions has provided advances in obtaining high-quality joining performance. However, the reported welding method requires a relatively high press force, and challenges are still encountered in welding hard vitrimer. In this work, a facile surface depolymerization strategy was introduced to weld high-performance epoxy vitrimer. The vitrimers were firstly dissolved into ethylene glycol for depolymerization based on the solvent-assisted bond exchange reactions. Then, the depolymerized vitrimers were welded under heat and press force. The effect of the depolymerizing time, welding pressure, welding temperature and welding time on the welding strength were further investigated. It was found that there were optimal values for the depolymerizing time, welding pressure, and welding temperature, respectively, for the welding strength, while the welding strength increased with increasing welding time. Through facile surface degradation, the welding pressure was highly reduced, while the welding strength was increased. With surface depolymerization, the welding strength was 1.55-times higher, but the magnitude of press force was 1/1000-times than that with no surface depolymerization. It is elucidative that surface depolymerization can be used to weld hard vitrimer composites alongside reducing the press force effectively.
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9
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Li J, Zhang S, Ju B. Soft, fully bio‐based poly‐hydroxyl thermosets based on catalyst‐free transesterification with decent re‐processability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
| | - Benzhi Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian P. R. China
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10
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Wang M, Gao H, Wang Z, Mao Y, Yang J, Wu B, Jin L, Zhang C, Xia Y, Zhang K. Rapid self-healed vitrimers via tailored hydroxyl esters and disulfide bonds. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Casado J, Konuray O, Roig A, Fernandez-Fráncos X, Ramis X. 3D printable hybrid acrylate-epoxy dynamic networks. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Ussama W, Shibata M. Self-healing polyester networks prepared from poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene itaconate) and thiol-terminated polyether containing disulfide linkages. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Van Lijsebetten F, Spiesschaert Y, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Reprocessing of Covalent Adaptable Polyamide Networks through Internal Catalysis and Ring-Size Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15834-15844. [PMID: 34525304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the introduction of internally catalyzed amide bonds to obtain covalent adaptable polyamide networks that rely on the dissociation equilibrium between dicarboxamides and imides. While amide bonds are usually considered to be robust and thermally stable, the present study shows that their dynamic character can be activated by a smart choice of available building blocks without the addition of any external catalyst or other additives. Hence, a range of polyamide-based dynamic networks with variable mechanical and viscoelastic properties have been obtained in a systematic study, using a straightforward curing process of dibasic ester and amine compounds. Since the dissociation process involves a cyclic imide formation, the correlation between ring size and the thermomechanical viscosity profile was studied for five- to seven-membered ring intermediates, depending on the chosen dibasic ester monomer. This resulted in a marked temperature response with activation energies in the range of 116-197 kJ mol-1, yielding a sharp transition between elastic and viscous behavior. Moreover, the ease and versatility of this chemistry platform were demonstrated by selecting a variety of amines, resulting in densely cross-linked dynamic networks with Tg values ranging from -20 to 110 °C. With this approach, it is possible to design amorphous polyamide networks with an acute temperature response, allowing for good reprocessability and, simultaneously, high resistance to irreversible deformation at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Van Lijsebetten
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Yann Spiesschaert
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Organic Synthesis Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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14
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Tangthana-umrung K, Poutrel QA, Gresil M. Epoxy Homopolymerization as a Tool to Tune the Thermo-Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness of Vitrimers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Arthur Poutrel
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Gresil
- i-Composites Lab, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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15
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Lorwanishpaisarn N, Kasemsiri P, Srikhao N, Son C, Kim S, Theerakulpisut S, Chindaprasirt P. Carbon fiber/epoxy vitrimer composite patch cured with bio‐based curing agents for one‐step repair metallic sheet and its recyclability. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narubeth Lorwanishpaisarn
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Pornnapa Kasemsiri
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Natwat Srikhao
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Changhee Son
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Somnuk Theerakulpisut
- Energy Management and Conservation Office, Faculty of Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Prinya Chindaprasirt
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center and Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
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16
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Luo X, Wu Y, Guo M, Yang X, Xie L, Lai J, Li Z, Zhou H. Multi‐functional polyurethane composites with self‐healing and shape memory properties enhanced by graphene oxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Meiling Guo
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Lingyun Xie
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Jingjuan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
- The Center of Functional Materials for Working Fluids of Oil and Gas Field Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University Xi'an China
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17
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Ricarte RG, Shanbhag S. Unentangled Vitrimer Melts: Interplay between Chain Relaxation and Cross-link Exchange Controls Linear Rheology. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G. Ricarte
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sachin Shanbhag
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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18
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Jarach N, Golani D, Asaf O, Dodiuk H, Shamir Y, Goldbourt A, Kenig S, Naveh N. Composition processing property relationship of vitrimers Based on polyethyleneimine. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An innovative use of characterization methods to establish correlation between chemical composition and material properties in imine based RCBPs, and a novel understanding of chemical processes that occur during heating\ processing of such polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanel Jarach
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Pernick Faculty of Engineering
- Shenkar – Engineering. Design. Art
- Raman-Gan
- Israel
| | - Daniel Golani
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Pernick Faculty of Engineering
- Shenkar – Engineering. Design. Art
- Raman-Gan
- Israel
| | - Ofer Asaf
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Pernick Faculty of Engineering
- Shenkar – Engineering. Design. Art
- Raman-Gan
- Israel
| | - Hanna Dodiuk
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Pernick Faculty of Engineering
- Shenkar – Engineering. Design. Art
- Raman-Gan
- Israel
| | - Yoav Shamir
- School of Chemistry
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | | | - Samuel Kenig
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Pernick Faculty of Engineering
- Shenkar – Engineering. Design. Art
- Raman-Gan
- Israel
| | - Naum Naveh
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Pernick Faculty of Engineering
- Shenkar – Engineering. Design. Art
- Raman-Gan
- Israel
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19
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Di Mauro C, Malburet S, Graillot A, Mija A. Recyclable, Repairable, and Reshapable (3R) Thermoset Materials with Shape Memory Properties from Bio-Based Epoxidized Vegetable Oils. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8094-8104. [PMID: 35019549 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of thermosets based on epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) involved a peculiar attention in recent years; however, most of them cannot be recycled once cross-linked. In the present work, epoxy thermosetting resins like-vitrimers with dynamic disulfide covalent bonds were prepared by copolymerizing twelve EVOs with 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid, as hardener. Here, we show for the first time the reprocessability, repairability, and recyclability properties of EVOs thermosets. The 3R abilities were evaluated in correlation with the EVO epoxy contents, which influence the final thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled material. The virgin versus recycled materials' comparison was studied by FT-IR, DSC, TGA, and DMA, also comparing their swelling ability and high gel content. The study investigates, in addition, the excellent shape memory properties of the reprocessed EVOs/disulfide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Mauro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, 28 Avenue Valrose, Nice Cedex 2 06108, France
| | - Samuel Malburet
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, Zac Via Domitia, Castries 34160, France
| | - Alain Graillot
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, Zac Via Domitia, Castries 34160, France
| | - Alice Mija
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, 28 Avenue Valrose, Nice Cedex 2 06108, France
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20
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Khan A, Ahmed N, Rabnawaz M. Covalent Adaptable Network and Self-Healing Materials: Current Trends and Future Prospects in Sustainability. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2027. [PMID: 32899452 PMCID: PMC7564528 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This work estimates that if the growth of polymer production continues at its current rate of 5% each year, the current annual production of 395 million tons of plastic will exceed 1000 million tons by 2039. Only 9% of the plastics that are currently produced are recycled while most of these materials end up in landfills or leak into oceans, thus creating severe environmental challenges. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) materials can play a significant role in reducing the burden posed by plastics materials on the environment because CANs are reusable and recyclable. This review is focused on recent research related to CANs of polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyurea. In particular, trends in self-healing CANs systems, the market value of these materials, as well as mechanistic insights regarding polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and polyurea are highlighted in this review. Finally, the challenges and outlook for CANs are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Rabnawaz
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 448 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA; (A.K.); (N.A.)
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21
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Alabiso W, Schlögl S. The Impact of Vitrimers on the Industry of the Future: Chemistry, Properties and Sustainable Forward-Looking Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1660. [PMID: 32722554 PMCID: PMC7465221 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosets are known to be very reliable polymeric materials for high-performance and light-weight applications, due to their retained dimensional stability, chemical inertia and rigidity over a broad range of temperatures. However, once fully cured, they cannot be easily reshaped or reprocessed, thus leaving still unsolved the issues of recycling and the lack of technological flexibility. Vitrimers, introduced by Leibler et al. in 2011, are a valiant step in the direction of bridging the chasm between thermoplastics and thermosets. Owing to their dynamic covalent networks, they can retain mechanical stability and solvent resistance, but can also flow on demand upon heating. More generally, the family of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs) is gleaming with astounding potential, thanks to the huge variety of chemistries that may enable bond exchange. Arising from this signature feature, intriguing properties such as self-healing, recyclability and weldability may expand the horizons for thermosets in terms of improved life-span, sustainability and overall enhanced functionality and versatility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising studies featuring CANs and vitrimers specifically, with particular regard for their industrial applications. Investigations into composites and sustainable vitrimers from epoxy-based and elastomeric networks are covered in detail.
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22
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Ocando C, Ecochard Y, Decostanzi M, Caillol S, Avérous L. Dynamic network based on eugenol-derived epoxy as promising sustainable thermoset materials. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Hayashi M. Implantation of Recyclability and Healability into Cross-Linked Commercial Polymers by Applying the Vitrimer Concept. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1322. [PMID: 32531918 PMCID: PMC7362076 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitrimers are a new class of cross-linked materials that are capable of network topology alternation through the associative dynamic bond-exchange mechanism, which has recently been invented to solve the problem of conventional cross-linked materials, such as poor recyclability and healability. Thus far, the concept of vitrimers has been applied to various commercial polymers, e.g., polyesters, polylactides, polycarbonates, polydimethylsiloxanes, polydienes, polyurethanes, polyolefins, poly(meth)acrylates, and polystyrenes, by utilizing different compatible bond-exchange reactions. In this review article, the concept of vitrimers is described by clarifying the difference from thermoplastics and supramolecular systems; in addition, the term "associative bond-exchange" in vitrimers is explained by comparison with the "dissociative" term. Several useful functions attained by the vitrimer concept (including recyclability and healability) are demonstrated, and recent molecular designs of vitrimers are classified into groups depending on the types of molecular frameworks. This review specifically focuses on the vitrimer molecular designs with commercial polymer-based frameworks, which provide useful hints for the practical application of the vitrimer concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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24
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Capiel G, Hernández E, Marcovich NE, Mosiewicki MA. Stress relaxation behavior of weldable crosslinked polymers based on methacrylated oleic and lauric acids. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Guerre M, Taplan C, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Vitrimers: directing chemical reactivity to control material properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4855-4870. [PMID: 34122941 PMCID: PMC8159211 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of more sustainable materials with a prolonged useful lifetime is a key requirement for a transition towards a more circular economy. However, polymer materials that are long-lasting and highly durable also tend to have a limited application potential for re-use. This is because such materials derive their durable properties from a high degree of chemical connectivity, resulting in rigid meshes or networks of polymer chains with a high intrinsic resistance to deformation. Once such polymers are fully synthesised, thermal (re)processing becomes hard (or impossible) to achieve without damaging the degree of chemical connectivity, and most recycling options quickly lead to a drop or even loss of material properties. In this context, both academic and industrial researchers have taken a keen interest in materials design that combines high degrees of chemical connectivity with an improved thermal (re)processability, mediated through a dynamic exchange reaction of covalent bonds. In particular vitrimer materials offer a promising concept because they completely maintain their degree of chemical connectivity at all times, yet can show a clear thermally driven plasticity and liquid behavior, enabled through rapid bond rearrangement reactions within the network. In the past decade, many suitable dynamic covalent chemistries were developed to create vitrimer materials, and are now applicable to a wide range of polymer matrices. The material properties of vitrimers, however, do not solely rely on the chemical structure of the polymer matrix, but also on the chemical reactivity of the dynamic bonds. Thus, chemical reactivity considerations become an integral part of material design, which has to take into account for example catalytic and cross-reactivity effects. This mini-review will aim to provide an overview of recent efforts aimed at understanding and controlling dynamic cross-linking reactions within vitrimers, and how directing this chemical reactivity can be used as a handle to steer material properties. Hence, it is shown how a focus on a fundamental chemical understanding can pave the way towards new sustainable materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Guerre
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5623, Université Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Christian Taplan
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
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26
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Li H, Zhang B, Yu K, Yuan C, Zhou C, Dunn ML, Qi HJ, Shi Q, Wei QH, Liu J, Ge Q. Influence of treating parameters on thermomechanical properties of recycled epoxy-acid vitrimers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1668-1677. [PMID: 31967174 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers have the characteristics of shape-reforming and surface-welding, and have the same excellent mechanical properties as thermosets; so vitrimers hold the promise of a broad alternative to traditional plastics. Since their initial introduction in 2011, vitrimers have been applied to many unique applications such as reworkable composites and liquid crystal elastomer actuators. A series of experiments have investigated the effects of reprocessing conditions (such as temperature, time, and pressure) on recycled materials. However, the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of recycled materials has not been reported. In this paper, we conducted an experimental study on the recovery of epoxy-acid vitrimers of different particle sizes. Epoxy-acid vitrimer powders with different particle size distributions were prepared and characterized. The effects of particle size on the mechanical properties of regenerated epoxy-acid vitrimers were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and uniaxial tensile tests. In addition, other processing parameters such as temperature, time, and pressure are discussed, as well as their interaction with particle size. This study helped to refine the vitrimer reprocessing condition parameter toolbox, providing experimental support for the easy and reliable control of the kinetics of the bond exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China and Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Biao Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA.
| | - Chao Yuan
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Martin L Dunn
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore and College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA.
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 63745-7 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi-Huo Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qi Ge
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore and Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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27
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Poutrel QA, Blaker JJ, Soutis C, Tournilhac F, Gresil M. Dicarboxylic acid-epoxy vitrimers: influence of the off-stoichiometric acid content on cure reactions and thermo-mechanical properties. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00342e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimers with 1 : 1 to 2 : 1 epoxy/acid ratio and TBD show increased stiffness and gradual transition from an exchangeable to non-exchangeable network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin-Arthur Poutrel
- Bio-Active Materials Group
- Department of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio-Active Materials Group
- Department of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | | | - Matthieu Gresil
- i-Composites Lab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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28
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Altuna FI, Casado U, dell'Erba IE, Luna L, Hoppe CE, Williams RJJ. Epoxy vitrimers incorporating physical crosslinks produced by self-association of alkyl chains. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimers synthesized from epoxy-carboxylic acid-alkylamine (Cn) formulations exhibit tunable mechanical properties and stress relaxation without using external catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. I. Altuna
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)
- University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET)
- 7600 Mar del Plata
- Argentina
| | - U. Casado
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)
- University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET)
- 7600 Mar del Plata
- Argentina
| | - I. E. dell'Erba
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)
- University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET)
- 7600 Mar del Plata
- Argentina
| | - L. Luna
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)
- University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET)
- 7600 Mar del Plata
- Argentina
| | - C. E. Hoppe
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)
- University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET)
- 7600 Mar del Plata
- Argentina
| | - R. J. J. Williams
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)
- University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET)
- 7600 Mar del Plata
- Argentina
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29
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Tao Y, Fang L, Dai M, Wang C, Sun J, Fang Q. Sustainable alternative to bisphenol A epoxy resin: high-performance recyclable epoxy vitrimers derived from protocatechuic acid. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of epoxy vitrimers were prepared based on protocatechuic acid, which showed better thermal and mechanical properties than commercial BPA-based epoxy resins. The vitrimers can be reprocessed in high efficiency and degraded in NaOH solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Linxuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Menglu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
| | - Qiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Science
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaworski C. Capricho
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Fox
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Nishar Hameed
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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31
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Liu Q, Jiang L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Lei J. Reprocessable and Shape Memory Thermosetting Epoxy Resins Based on Silyl Ether Equilibration. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yuanyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jingxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringPolymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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32
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Chakma P, Konkolewicz D. Dynamic Covalent Bonds in Polymeric Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9682-9695. [PMID: 30624845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) have received significant attention over the past decade. These are covalent bonds that are capable of exchanging or switching between several molecules. Particular focus has recently been on utilizing these DCBs in polymeric materials. Introduction of DCBs into a polymer material provides it with powerful properties including self-healing, shape-memory properties, increased toughness, and ability to relax stresses as well as to change from one macromolecular architecture to another. This Minireview summarizes commonly used powerful DCBs formed by simple, often "click" reactions, and highlights the powerful materials that can result. Challenges and potential future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami University 651 East High Street Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMiami University 651 East High Street Oxford OH 45056 USA
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34
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Epoxy vitrimers with a covalently bonded tertiary amine as catalyst of the transesterification reaction. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Hao C, Liu T, Zhang S, Brown L, Li R, Xin J, Zhong T, Jiang L, Zhang J. A High-Lignin-Content, Removable, and Glycol-Assisted Repairable Coating Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1049-1058. [PMID: 30537221 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Conventional thermoset coatings cannot be easily repaired and removed owing to their highly crosslinked structure. The investigation of repairable or removable coatings has been receiving extensive attention, but few reported coatings possess both features. In this work, a repairable and removable coating was developed through the curing of a modified Kraft lignin (L-COOH) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG-epoxy) in the presence of zinc catalyst. The L-COOH was prepared by functionalization of Kraft lignin with carboxylic acid groups. The cured material had a high lignin content (>47 wt %). At elevated temperatures (>140 °C), dynamic transesterification in the cured network was activated, which resulted in fast stress relaxation and imparted excellent repairability. If the vitrimer system was used as a coating for tin plates, it provided adequate hardness and adhesion properties. In addition, the lignin-PEG coating could be easily removed from the tin plate by using a mild (0.01-0.1 m) NaOH aqueous solution owing to the unique swelling ability of the coating in alkaline aqueous solution. With the assistance of ethylene glycol, this coating could achieve stress-free repairability in 15 min. This work demonstrates the first lignin-based repair- and removable epoxy coating based on vitrimer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hao
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tuan Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Lucas Brown
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ran Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Junna Xin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tuhua Zhong
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, 2001 East Grimes Way, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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36
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Hayashi M, Yano R, Takasu A. Synthesis of amorphous low Tg polyesters with multiple COOH side groups and their utilization for elastomeric vitrimers based on post-polymerization cross-linking. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elastomeric vitrimer materials with tunable cross-link densities are prepared using cross-linking precursor polyesters with multiple COOH side groups in the presence of diepoxy cross-linkers and trans-esterification catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Hayashi
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate school of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Ryoto Yano
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate school of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Akinori Takasu
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate school of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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37
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Zhou Y, Groote R, Goossens JGP, Sijbesma RP, Heuts JPA. Tuning PBT vitrimer properties by controlling the dynamics of the adaptable network. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers, which form a bridge between thermosets and thermoplastics, are a class of materials with promising opportunities for modern material innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwu Zhou
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- the Netherlands
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- the Netherlands
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38
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Winne JM, Leibler L, Du Prez FE. Dynamic covalent chemistry in polymer networks: a mechanistic perspective. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01260e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A selection of dynamic chemistries is highlighted, with a focus on the reaction mechanisms of molecular network rearrangements, and on how mechanistic profiles can be related to the mechanical and physicochemical properties of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M. Winne
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Ludwik Leibler
- UMR Gulliver 7083 CNRS
- ESPCI Paris
- PSL Research University
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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39
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Ricarte RG, Tournilhac F, Leibler L. Phase Separation and Self-Assembly in Vitrimers: Hierarchical Morphology of Molten and Semicrystalline Polyethylene/Dioxaborolane Maleimide Systems. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G. Ricarte
- Matière Molle et Chimie, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Tournilhac
- Matière Molle et Chimie, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludwik Leibler
- Gulliver, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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