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Bejenaru C, Radu A, Segneanu AE, Biţă A, Ciocîlteu MV, Mogoşanu GD, Bradu IA, Vlase T, Vlase G, Bejenaru LE. Pharmaceutical Applications of Biomass Polymers: Review of Current Research and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1182. [PMID: 38732651 PMCID: PMC11085205 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers derived from natural biomass have emerged as a valuable resource in the field of biomedicine due to their versatility. Polysaccharides, peptides, proteins, and lignin have demonstrated promising results in various applications, including drug delivery design. However, several challenges need to be addressed to realize the full potential of these polymers. The current paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research and perspectives in this area, with a particular focus on developing effective methods and efficient drug delivery systems. This review aims to offer insights into the opportunities and challenges associated with the use of natural polymers in biomedicine and to provide a roadmap for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Adina-Elena Segneanu
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Andrei Biţă
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania;
| | - George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Ionela Amalia Bradu
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Titus Vlase
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
- Research Center for Thermal Analyzes in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 16 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania
| | - Gabriela Vlase
- Institute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania; (I.A.B.); (T.V.); (G.V.)
- Research Center for Thermal Analyzes in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 16 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timişoara, Timiş, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania; (A.B.); (G.D.M.); (L.E.B.)
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2
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Zhang X, Yarman A, Bagheri M, El-Sherbiny IM, Hassan RYA, Kurbanoglu S, Waffo AFT, Zebger I, Karabulut TC, Bier FF, Lieberzeit P, Scheller FW. Imprinted Polymers on the Route to Plastibodies for Biomacromolecules (MIPs), Viruses (VIPs), and Cells (CIPs). ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:107-148. [PMID: 37884758 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Around 30% of the scientific papers published on imprinted polymers describe the recognition of proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and cells. The straightforward synthesis from only one up to six functional monomers and the simple integration into a sensor are significant advantages as compared with enzymes or antibodies. Furthermore, they can be synthesized against toxic substances and structures of low immunogenicity and allow multi-analyte measurements via multi-template synthesis. The affinity is sufficiently high for protein biomarkers, DNA, viruses, and cells. However, the cross-reactivity of highly abundant proteins is still a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aysu Yarman
- Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahdien Bagheri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ingo Zebger
- Institut für Chemie, PC 14 Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank F Bier
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Lieberzeit
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Frieder W Scheller
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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3
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Synthesis, characterization, and application of external gelation of sodium alginate nanoparticles in molecular imprinting for separation and drug delivery of tenoxicam. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Gao T, Guan G, Wang X, Lou T. Electrospun molecularly imprinted sodium alginate/polyethylene oxide nanofibrous membranes for selective adsorption of methylene blue. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:62-71. [PMID: 35247421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technique is an efficient method to improve the selective adsorption capacity for the target pollutant. In this study, sodium alginate/polyethylene oxide molecularly imprinted nanofibrous membrane (SA/PEO-MINM) with average diameter of 185 ± 20 nm was successfully synthesized by electrospinning for selective adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Benefiting from the molecular imprinted technology, the adsorption amount of SA/PEO-MINM for MB was increased by about 65%, significantly higher than the non-imprinted membrane. Results showed that the adsorption equilibrium could be well fitted with Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity towards MB was 3186.7 mg/g. Kinetic experiments well complied with the Pseudo second order model. Reusability studies indicated that the removal efficiency of MB could maintain 93% of the original adsorption capacity after four consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. More importantly, the SA/PEO-MINM with high surface area and specific adsorption recognition sites showed excellent selective adsorption capacity in the adsorption experiment of MB and methylene orange mixed dye solution. In general, the SA/PEO-MINM can be successfully applied for the selective removal of MB from dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guohao Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Tao Lou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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5
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Microstructure and Thermal Property of Designed Alginate-Based Polymeric Composite Foam Materials Containing Biomimetic Decellularized Elastic Cartilage Microscaffolds. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010258. [PMID: 35009404 PMCID: PMC8745810 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a designed alginate-based polymeric composite foam material containing decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds from porcine elastic cartilage by using supercritical fluid and papain treatment for medical scaffold biomaterials. The microstructure and thermal property of the designed alginate-based polymeric composite foam materials with various controlled ratios of alginate molecules and decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds were studied and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). The microstructure and thermal property of the composite foam materials were affected by the introduction of decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds. The designed alginate-based polymeric composite foam materials containing decellularized elastic cartilage microscaffolds were ionically cross-linked with calcium ions by soaking the polymeric composite foam materials in a solution of calcium chloride. Additional calcium ions further improved the microstructure and thermal stability of the resulting ionic cross-linked alginate-based polymeric composite foam materials. Furthermore, the effect of crosslinking functionality on microstructures and thermal properties of the resulting polymeric composite foam materials were studied to build up useful information for 3D substrates for cultivating and growing cartilage cells and/or cartilage tissue engineering.
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Nahhas AF, Webster TJ. The promising use of nano-molecular imprinted templates for improved SARS-CoV-2 detection, drug delivery and research. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:305. [PMID: 34615526 PMCID: PMC8492821 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting (MI) is a technique that creates a template of a molecule for improving complementary binding sites in terms of size and shape to a peptide, protein, bacteria, mammalian cell, or virus on soft materials (such as polymers, hydrogels, or self-assembled materials). MI has been widely investigated for over 90 years in various industries but is now focused on improved tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery, sensors, diagnostics, therapeutics and other medical applications. Molecular targets that have been studied so far in MI include those for the major antigenic determinants of microorganisms (like bacteria or viruses) leading to innovations in disease diagnosis via solid-phase extraction separation and biomimetic sensors. As such, although not widely investigated yet, MI demonstrates much promise for improving the detection of and treatment for the current Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic as well as future pandemics. In this manner, this review will introduce the numerous applications of MI polymers, particularly using proteins and peptides, and how these MI polymers can be used as improved diagnostic and therapeutic tools for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa F Nahhas
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
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Bai T, Zhao K, Gao Q, Qi M, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Zhao H, Gao H, Wei J. Kaolin/CaAlg Hydrogel Thin Membrane with Controlled Thickness, High Mechanical Strength, and Good Repetitive Adsorption Performance for Dyes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Kongyin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Meng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Junfu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- TianJin Engineering Center for Safety Evaluation of Water Quality & Safeguards Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
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Ibrahim OM, El-Deeb NM, Abbas H, Elmasry SM, El-Aassar MR. Alginate based tamoxifen/metal dual core-folate decorated shell: Nanocomposite targeted therapy for breast cancer via ROS-driven NF-κB pathway modulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:119-131. [PMID: 31904460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer endocrine resistance prevents unleashing full capabilities of Tamoxifen (TMX), besides TMX off-target side effects on healthy tissue. In this study, we engineered TMX nanocomposite via co-loading it on alginate-based silver nanoparticles and embedding within folic acid-polyethylene glycol surface conjugate. The coating process was done by w/o/w double emulsion method. To confirm the silver nanoparticles formation, UV spectroscopy, XRD and TEM analysis were carried out. TEM results confirmed the core-shell structure of folate targeted nanocomposite with approximate average diameter of 66 nm, the nanocomposite structures were characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM. By comparing with the non-targeted formula, folate decorated formula had 12-folds lowered IC50 value and 12.5-14-fold higher cancer cells toxic selectivity index. Also, after 4 h treatment, both fluorescence microscopic and flow cytometric analysis indicated higher intracellular accumulation of folic acid conjugated formula on MCF-7 cancer cells than the non-targeted one with 3.44-folds. The breast cancer cytotoxic effects of this metal-endocrine nanocomposite formula could be explained by the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), down regulation of survival oncogenic genes (BCL-2 and Survivin) and the accumulation of MCF-7 cells in G2/M phase. All these data confirm the efficiency and efficacy of the formulated nanocomposite as future treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Ibrahim
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt; Department of Medicine and Translational Research, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmacetical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Soha M Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - M R El-Aassar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; Polymer Materials Research Department Advanced Technology and New Material Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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9
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Latest developments in the detection and separation of bovine serum albumin using molecularly imprinted polymers. Talanta 2020; 207:120317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Cell Recognition. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 38:368-387. [PMID: 31677857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since their conception 50 years ago, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have seen extensive development both in terms of synthetic routes and applications. Cells are perhaps the most challenging target for molecular imprinting. Although early work was based almost entirely around microprinting methods, recent developments have shifted towards epitope imprinting to generate MIP nanoparticles (NPs). Simultaneously, the development of techniques such as solid phase MIP synthesis has solved many historic issues of MIP production. This review briefly describes various approaches used in cell imprinting with a focus on applications of the created materials in imaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering.
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Adsorption and Electrochemical Detection of Bovine Serum Albumin Imprinted Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040622. [PMID: 30960606 PMCID: PMC6524115 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-imprinted calcium alginate (CaAlg) hydrogel membrane was prepared using BSA as a template, sodium alginate (NaAlg) as a functional monomer, and CaCl2 as a cross-linker. The thickness of the CaAlg membrane was controlled by a glass rod enlaced with brass wires (the diameter was 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm). The swelling properties of the CaAlg membranes prepared with different contents of NaAlg were researched. Circular dichroism indicated that the conformation of BSA did not change during the preparing and eluting process. The thinner the CaAlg hydrogel membrane was, the larger the adsorption capacity and the higher the imprinting efficiency of the CaAlg. The maximum adsorption capacity of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted CaAlg hydrogel membrane (NIP) was 38.6 mg·g−1 and 9.2 mg·g−1, respectively, with an imprinting efficiency of 4.2. The MIP was loaded on the electrode to monitor the selective adsorption of BSA by voltammetry curve.
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Abstract
Kaolin/calcium alginate (kaolin/CaAlg) free-standing membranes were prepared by adding different amounts of Kaolin into the sodium alginate (NaAlg) casting solution and crosslinked by Ca2+ using urea as porogen agent. The morphology of the kaolin/CaAlg filtration membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then the kaolin/CaAlg membrane was used for the removal of dyes and Cd2+. The kaolin significantly improved the mechanical behavior and flux of the kaolin/CaAlg membrane. The flux reached 17.53 L/m2·h at 0.1 MPa and when the content of Kaolin in NaAlg was 70 wt.%. The filtration of BSA solution and oil-water emulsion indicated that the kaolin/CaAlg composite filtration membrane exhibited good anti-fouling properties. The rejection of Brilliant Blue G250, Congo red, and methylene blue by the kaolin/CaAlg filtration membrane was 100%, 95.22%, and 62.86%, respectively. The removal rate of Cd2+ reached 99.69%, with a flux of 17.06 L/m2·h at 0.1 MPa.
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Dong X, Ma Y, Hou C, Zhang B, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Preparation of pH and temperature dual‐sensitive molecularly imprinted polymers based on chitosan and
N
‐isopropylacrylamide for recognition of bovine serum albumin. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University Xi'an China
| | - Yong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Chunping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Baoliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Hepeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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Liu Z, Li Z, Zhao X, Zhang L, Li Q. Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E625. [PMID: 30966659 PMCID: PMC6403745 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid composites with low flammability based on renewable calcium alginate and nano-calcium borate were fabricated using an in situ method through a simple, eco-friendly vacuum drying process. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion behavior and flammability of the composites were assessed by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry (CONE) tests. The composites showed excellent thermal stability and achieved nonflammability with an LOI higher than 60. Pyrolysis was investigated using pyrolysis⁻gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and the results showed that fewer sorts of cracking products were produced from the hybrid composites compared with the calcium alginate. A possible thermal degradation mechanism of composites was proposed based on the experimental data. The combined results indicate that the calcium borate had a nano-effect, accumulating more freely in the hybrid composites and contributing significantly to both the solid phase and gas phase, resulting in an efficient improvement in the flame retardancy of the composites. Our study provides a novel material with promising potentiality for flame retardant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zichao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;.
| | - Xihui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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