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Schaefer N, Andrade Mier MS, Sonnleitner D, Murenu N, Ng XJ, Lamberger Z, Buechner M, Trossmann VT, Schubert DW, Scheibel T, Lang G. Rheological and Biological Impact of Printable PCL-Fibers as Reinforcing Fillers in Cell-Laden Spider-Silk Bio-Inks. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201717. [PMID: 37349897 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of bio-inks capable of being 3D-printed into cell-containing bio-fabricates with sufficient shape fidelity is highly demanding. Structural integrity and favorable mechanical properties can be achieved by applying high polymer concentrations in hydrogels. Unfortunately, this often comes at the expense of cell performance since cells may become entrapped in the dense matrix. This drawback can be addressed by incorporating fibers as reinforcing fillers that strengthen the overall bio-ink structure and provide a second hierarchical micro-structure to which cells can adhere and align, resulting in enhanced cell activity. In this work, the potential impact of collagen-coated short polycaprolactone-fibers on cells after being printed in a hydrogel is systematically studied. The matrix is composed of eADF4(C16), a recombinant spider silk protein that is cytocompatible but non-adhesive for cells. Consequently, the impact of fibers could be exclusively examined, excluding secondary effects induced by the matrix. Applying this model system, a significant impact of such fillers on rheology and cell behavior is observed. Strikingly, it could be shown that fibers reduce cell viability upon printing but subsequently promote cell performance in the printed construct, emphasizing the need to distinguish between in-print and post-print impact of fillers in bio-inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, D-97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mateo S Andrade Mier
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, D-97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Sonnleitner
- Biopolymer Processing Group, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma-Str. 36A, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Murenu
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, D-97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xuen Jen Ng
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zan Lamberger
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Margitta Buechner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chair of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa T Trossmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chair of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gregor Lang
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Incorporating Graphene Nanoplatelets and Carbon Nanotubes in Biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate): Fillers' Effect on the Matrix's Structure and Lifetime. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020401. [PMID: 36679281 PMCID: PMC9863989 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) nanocomposites reinforced with Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in situ synthesized in this work. PEF is a biobased polyester with physical properties and is the sustainable counterpart of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Its low crystallizability affects the processing of the material, limiting its use to packaging, films, and textile applications. The crystallization promotion and the reinforcement of PEF can lead to broadening its potential applications. Therefore, PEF nanocomposites reinforced with various loadings of GNPs, CNTs, and hybrids containing both fillers were prepared, and the effect of each filler on their structural characteristics was investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology and structural properties of a hybrid PEF nanocomposite were evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The thermo-oxidative degradation, as well as lifetime predictions of PEF nanocomposites, in an ambient atmosphere, were studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Results showed that the fillers' incorporation in the PEF matrix induced changes in the lamellar thickness and increased crystallinity up to 27%. TEM analysis indicated the formation of large CNTs aggregates in the case of the hybrid PEF nanocomposite as a result of the ultrasonication process. Finally, the presence of CNTs caused the retardation of PEF's carbonization process. This led to a slightly longer lifetime under isothermal conditions at higher temperatures, while at ambient temperature the PEF nanocomposites' lifetime is shorter, compared to neat PEF.
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Fei X, Wang J, Zhang X, Jia Z, Jiang Y, Liu X. Recent Progress on Bio-Based Polyesters Derived from 2,5-Furandicarbonxylic Acid (FDCA). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:E625. [PMID: 35160613 PMCID: PMC8838965 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The big challenge today is the upgrading of sustainable materials to replace miscellaneous ones from petroleum resources. Thus, a generic bio-based building block lays the foundation of the huge bio-market to green economy. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a rigid diacid derived from lignocellulose or fructose, represents a great potential as a contender to terephthalic acid (TPA). Recently, studies on the synthesis, modification, and functionalization of bio-based polyesters based on FDCA have attracted widespread attention. To apply furanic polyesters on engineering plastics, packaging materials, electronics, etc., researchers have extended the properties of basic FDCA-based homo-polyesters by directional copolymerization and composite preparation. This review covers the synthesis and performance of polyesters and composites based on FDCA with emphasis bedded on the thermomechanical, crystallization, barrier properties, and biodegradability. Finally, a summary of what has been achieved and the issues waiting to be addressed of FDCA-based polyester materials are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinggang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China; (X.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.J.); (Y.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
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Pietrzykowska E, Romelczyk-Baishya B, Chodara A, Koltsov I, Smogór H, Mizeracki J, Pakieła Z, Łojkowski W. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inverse Nanocomposite Made from Polylactide and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010184. [PMID: 35009328 PMCID: PMC8745816 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have been extensively researched for a variety of applications, including medical osteoregenerative implants. However, no satisfactory solution has yet been found for regeneration of big, and so-called critical, bone losses. The requirement is to create a resorbable material which is characterised by optimum porosity, sufficient strength, and elastic modulus matching that of the bone, thus stimulating tissue regrowth. Inverse nanocomposites, where the ceramic content is larger than the polymer content, are a recent development. Due to their high ceramic content, they may offer the required properties for bone implants, currently not met by polymer nanocomposites with a small number of nanoparticles. This paper presents inverse nanocomposites composed of bioresorbable nano crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAP NPs) and polylactide (PLLA), produced by cryomilling and a warm isostatic pressing method. The following compositions were studied: 25%, 50%, and 75% of HAP NPs by volume. The mechanical properties and structure of these composites were examined. It was discovered that 50% volume content was optimal as far as compressive strength and porosity are concerned. The inverse nanocomposite with 50% nanoceramics volume displayed a compressive strength of 99 ± 4 MPa, a contact angle of 50°, and 25% porosity, which make this material a candidate for further studies as a bioresorbable bone implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pietrzykowska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-228-760
| | - Barbara Romelczyk-Baishya
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (Z.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Chodara
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (Z.P.)
| | - Iwona Koltsov
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Hilary Smogór
- NETZSCH Instrumenty, Halicka 9, 31-036 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jan Mizeracki
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
| | - Zbigniew Pakieła
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (B.R.-B.); (Z.P.)
| | - Witold Łojkowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (A.C.); (I.K.); (J.M.); (W.Ł.)
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Bai F, Dong T, Chen W, Wang J, Li X. Nanocellulose Hybrid Lignin Complex Reinforces Cellulose to Form a Strong, Water-Stable Lignin-Cellulose Composite Usable as a Plastic Replacement. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123426. [PMID: 34947777 PMCID: PMC8708557 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The significant challenges in the use of cellulose as a replacement for plastic are its mechanical properties' degradation and uncontrolled deformation during the rewetting process. Herein, inspired by the reinforcement of cellulose by lignin in natural plant tissue, a strong and water-stable lignin-cellulose composite (LCC) was developed. A nanocellulose hybrid lignin complex (CHLC) created from bagasse residue after enzymatic hydrolysis was added into a pulp of bleached fibre extracted from pine to produce a lignin-cellulose sheet. The lignin as a water-stable reinforcing matrix, via the hydrogen bonding of the nanocellulose in the CHLC with the fibre was efficiently introduced onto the fibres and the fibre network voids. Compared with a typical lignin-free cellulose sheet, the dry strength and wet strength of the LCC were 218% and 2233% higher, respectively. The developed LCC is an eco-friendly and biodegradable alternative to plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feitian Bai
- School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.B.); (T.D.); (W.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tengteng Dong
- School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.B.); (T.D.); (W.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.B.); (T.D.); (W.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.B.); (T.D.); (W.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.B.); (T.D.); (W.C.); (J.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0771-3237-301
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7
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Yu Z, Jiang Z, Qiu Z. In-situ synthesis and thermal properties of biobased Poly(neopentyl glycol 2,5-furandicarboxylate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Pressure Reduction Enhancing the Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose in Aqueous Phase Catalysis System. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132096. [PMID: 34202186 PMCID: PMC8272109 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) obtained from biomass is an important platform chemical for the next generation of plastics and biofuel production. Although industrialized, the high yield of HMF in aqueous systems was rarely achieved. The main problem is that HMF tends to form byproducts when co-adsorbed with water at acid sites. In this study, the pressure was reduced to improve the maximum yield of HMF from 9.3 to 35.2% (at 190 °C in 60 min) in a glucose aqueous solution. The mechanism here involved water boiling as caused by pressure reduction, which in turn promoted the desorption of HMF from the solid catalyst, thereby inhibiting the side reaction of HMF. Furthermore, the solid catalysts could be reused three times without a significant loss of their catalytic activity. Overall, this work provides an effective strategy to improve the yield of HMF in water over heterogeneous catalysts in practice.
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Kourtidou D, Klonos PA, Papadopoulos L, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN, Chrissafis K. Molecular mobility and crystallization of renewable poly(ethylene furanoate) in situ filled with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5815-5828. [PMID: 34037062 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the thermal transitions and molecular mobility in new nanocomposites of biobased poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), by calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy, supplemented by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and polarized light microscopy. The emphasis is placed on the facilitation of the crystallization of PEF, which is in general low and slow due to structural limitations that result in poor nucleation. Tuning of the crystalline fraction (CF) and semicrystalline morphology are important for optimization of the mechanical performance and manipulation of the permeation of small molecules (e.g., in packaging applications). The nucleation and CF are successfully improved here by the in situ filling of PEF with 0.5-2.5 wt% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The improvements are discussed in connection with weak or absent interfacial polymer-filler interactions. CNTs were found to be more effective in facilitating crystallization, as compared with GNPs, possibly due to their larger aspect ratio. The segmental dynamics of PEF are both accelerated and decelerated by the addition of GNP and CNT, respectively, with complex phenomena contributing to the effects, namely, nucleation, changes in molar mass and changes in the free volume. The molecular mobility of PEF is moderately affected 'directly' by the particles, whereas stronger effects are induced by crystallization (an indirect effect) and, furthermore, by the increase in the length of alkylene sequences on the chain. Local dynamics exhibit time scale disturbances when the temperature approaches that of the glass transition, which is proposed here to be a common characteristic in the case of mobilities originating from the polymer backbone for these as well as different polyesters. Despite the weak effects on molecular mobility, the role of the fillers as nucleating agents seems to be further exploitable in the frame of envisaged applications, as the use of such fillers in combination with thermal treatment offer possibilities for manipulating the semicrystalline morphology, ion transport and, subsequently, permeation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kourtidou
- School of Physics, Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece. and Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- School of Physics, Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sisti L, Totaro G, Celli A, Giorgini L, Ligi S, Vannini M. Bio-Based Furan-Polyesters/Graphene Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091377. [PMID: 33922501 PMCID: PMC8122970 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ intercalative polymerization has been investigated as a strategic way to obtain poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF) and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PHF) nanocomposites with different graphene types and amounts. Graphene (G) has been dispersed in surfactant stabilized water suspensions. The loading range in composites was 0.25–0.75 wt %. For the highest composition, a different type of graphene (XT500) dispersed in 1,3 propanediol, containing a 6% of oxidized graphene and without surfactant has been also tested. The results showed that the amorphous PPF is able to crystallize during heating scan in DSC and graphene seems to affect such capability: G hinders the polymer chains in reaching an ordered state, showing even more depressed cold crystallization and melting. On the contrary, such hindering effect is absent with XT500, which rather induces the opposite. Concerning the thermal stability, no improvement has been induced by graphene, even if the onset degradation temperatures remain high for all the materials. A moderate enhancement in mechanical properties is observed in PPF composite with XT500, and especially in PHF composite, where a significative increase of 10–20% in storage modulus E’ is maintained in almost all the temperature range. Such an increase is also reflected in a slightly higher heat distortion temperature. These preliminary results can be useful in order to further address the field of application of furan-based polyesters; in particular, they could be promising as packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sisti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, DICAM, Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Grazia Totaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, DICAM, Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-0425
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, DICAM, Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simone Ligi
- Graphene-XT srl Via d’Azeglio, 40123 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Micaela Vannini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, DICAM, Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (M.V.)
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11
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Papadopoulos L, Klonos PA, Kluge M, Zamboulis A, Terzopoulou Z, Kourtidou D, Magaziotis A, Chrissafis K, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN, Robert T. Unlocking the potential of furan-based poly(ester amide)s: an investigation of crystallization, molecular dynamics and degradation kinetics of novel poly(ester amide)s based on renewable poly(propylene furanoate). Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00713k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, novel polyester amides (PEAs) based on renewable poly(propylene furanoate) (PPF) were prepared via traditional melt polycondensation utilizing a preformed symmetric amido diol (AD) containing two internal amide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Kluge
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research – Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kourtidou
- Laboratory of X-ray, Optical Characterization and Thermal Analysis, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Magaziotis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Laboratory of X-ray, Optical Characterization and Thermal Analysis, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tobias Robert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research – Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Towards increased sustainability for aromatic polyesters: Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and its blends with poly(butylene terephthalate). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Fredi G, Dorigato A, Bortolotti M, Pegoretti A, Bikiaris DN. Mechanical and Functional Properties of Novel Biobased Poly(decylene-2,5-furanoate)/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112459. [PMID: 33114218 PMCID: PMC7690911 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigates the microstructural, thermo-mechanical, and electrical properties of a promising, but still not thoroughly studied, biobased polymer, i.e., poly(decylene furanoate) (PDeF), and its performance when multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added. After sample preparation by solution mixing and film casting, the microstructural investigation evidences that the fracture surface becomes smoother and more homogeneous with a small fraction of CNTs, and that the production process is suitable to achieve good disentanglement and dispersion of CNTs within the matrix, although some aggregates are still observable. CNTs act as nucleating agents for PDeF crystals, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry, as the crystallinity degree increases from 43.2% of neat PDeF to 55.0% with a CNT content of 2 phr, while the crystallization temperature increases from 68.4 °C of PDeF to 91.7 °C of PDeF-CNT-2. A similar trend in crystallinity is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, after detailed Rietveld analysis with a three-phase model. CNTs also remarkably improve the mechanical performance of the bioderived polymer, as the elastic modulus increases up to 123% and the stress at break up to 131%. The strain at break also increases by +71% when a small amount of 0.25 phr of CNTs are added, which is probably the consequence of a more homogeneous microstructure. The long-term mechanical performance is also improved upon CNT addition, as the creep compliance decreases considerably, which was observed for both the elastic and the viscoelastic component. Finally, the films become electrically dissipative for a CNT content of 1 phr and conductive for a CNT amount of 2 phr. This study contributes to highlight the properties of bioderived furan-based polymer PDeF and evidences the potential of CNTs as a promising nanofiller for this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0461-283-944
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mauro Bortolotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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14
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Sanusi OM, Papadopoulos L, Klonos PA, Terzopoulou Z, Hocine NA, Benelfellah A, Papageorgiou GZ, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Calorimetric and Dielectric Study of Renewable Poly(hexylene 2,5-furan-dicarboxylate)-Based Nanocomposites In Situ Filled with Small Amounts of Graphene Platelets and Silica Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1239. [PMID: 32485937 PMCID: PMC7362010 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(hexylene 2,5 furan-dicarboxylate) (PHF) is a relatively new biobased polyester prepared from renewable resources, which is targeted for use in food packaging applications, owing to its great mechanical and gas barrier performance. Since both properties are strongly connected to crystallinity, the latter is enhanced here by the in situ introduction in PHF of graphene nanoplatelets and fumed silica nanoparticles, as well as mixtures of both, at low amounts. For this investigation, we employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The fillers were found to improve crystallization in both the rate (increasing Tc) and fraction (CF), which was rationalized via the concept of fillers acting as crystallization agents. This action was found stronger in the case of graphene as compared to silica. BDS allowed the detection of local and segmental dynamics, in particular in PHF for the first time. The glass transition dynamics in both BDS (α relaxation) and DSC (Tg) are mainly dominated by the relatively high CF, whereas in the PHF filled uniquely with silica strong spatial confinement effects due to crystals were revealed. Finally, all samples demonstrated the segmental-like dynamics above Tg, which screens the global chain dynamics (normal mode).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Monsur Sanusi
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 Rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, CEDEX 41034 Blois, France; (O.M.S.); (N.A.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Nourredine Aït Hocine
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 Rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, CEDEX 41034 Blois, France; (O.M.S.); (N.A.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelkibir Benelfellah
- INSA CVL, Univ. Tours, Univ. Orléans, LaMé, 3 Rue de la Chocolaterie, CS 23410, CEDEX 41034 Blois, France; (O.M.S.); (N.A.H.); (A.B.)
- DRII, IPSA, 63 Boulevard de Brandebourg, 94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Industrial and Food chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.P.); (Z.T.)
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15
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Poulopoulou N, Smyrnioti D, Nikolaidis GN, Tsitsimaka I, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN, Charitopoulou MA, Achilias DS, Kapnisti M, Papageorgiou GZ. Sustainable Plastics from Biomass: Blends of Polyesters Based on 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E225. [PMID: 31963284 PMCID: PMC7023567 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intending to expand the thermo-physical properties of bio-based polymers, furan-based thermoplastic polyesters were synthesized following the melt polycondensation method. The resulting polymers, namely, poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF), poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) and poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PCHDMF) are used in blends together with various polymers of industrial importance, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and polycarbonate (PC). The blends are studied concerning their miscibility, crystallization and solid-state characteristics by using wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). PEF blends show in general dual glass transitions in the DSC heating traces for the melt quenched samples. Only PPF-PEF blends show a single glass transition and a single melt phase in PLM. PPF forms immiscible blends except with PEF and PBF. PBF forms miscible blends with PCHDMF and PPF, whereas all other blends show dual glass transitions in DSC and phase separation in PLM. PCHDMF-PEF and PEN-PEF blends show two glass transition temperatures, but they shift to intermediate temperature values depending on the composition, indicating some partial miscibility of the polymer pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Poulopoulou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.P.); (D.S.); (G.N.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Dimitra Smyrnioti
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.P.); (D.S.); (G.N.N.); (I.T.)
| | - George N. Nikolaidis
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.P.); (D.S.); (G.N.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Ilektra Tsitsimaka
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.P.); (D.S.); (G.N.N.); (I.T.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Maria Anna Charitopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.C.); (D.N.B.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Maria Kapnisti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.P.); (D.S.); (G.N.N.); (I.T.)
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16
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La Mantia FP. Polymer Processing and Performance: 2018–2019. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010220. [PMID: 31963111 PMCID: PMC7023598 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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17
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Bi T, Qiu Z. Synthesis, thermal and mechanical properties of fully biobased poly(butylene-co-propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) copolyesters with low contents of propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate units. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Zamboulis A, Papadopoulos L, Terzopoulou Z, Bikiaris DN, Patsiaoura D, Chrissafis K, Gazzano M, Lotti N, Papageorgiou GZ. Synthesis, Thermal Properties and Decomposition Mechanism of Poly(Ethylene Vanillate) Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101672. [PMID: 31615018 PMCID: PMC6835731 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are perceived as modern and versatile materials, but their use is linked to numerous environmental issues as their production is based on finite raw materials (petroleum or natural gas). Additionally, their low biodegradability results in the accumulation of microplastics. As a result, there is extensive interest in the production of new, environmentally friendly, bio-based and biodegradable polymers. In this context, poly(ethylene vanillate) (PEV) has a great potential as a potentially bio-based alternative to poly(ethylene terephthalate); however, it has not yet been extensively studied. In the present work, the preparation of PEV is reported. The enthalpy and the entropy of fusion of the pure crystalline PEV have been estimated for the first time. Additionally, the equilibrium melting temperature has also been calculated. Furthermore, the isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behavior are reported in detail, and new insights on the thermal stability and degradation mechanism of PEV are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Patsiaoura
- Solid State Physics Department, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Solid State Physics Department, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Institute, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering Department, University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - George Z Papageorgiou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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19
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Terzopoulou Z, Tarani E, Kasmi N, Papadopoulos L, Chrissafis K, Papageorgiou DG, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Thermal Decomposition Kinetics and Mechanism of In-Situ Prepared Bio-based Poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate)/Graphene Nanocomposites. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091717. [PMID: 31052603 PMCID: PMC6539069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polyesters are a new class of materials that are expected to replace their fossil-based homologues in the near future. In this work, poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF) nanocomposites with graphene nanoplatelets were prepared via the in-situ melt polycondensation method. The chemical structure of the resulting polymers was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stability, decomposition kinetics and the decomposition mechanism of the PPF nanocomposites were studied in detail. According to thermogravimetric analysis results, graphene nanoplatelets did nοt affect the thermal stability of PPF at levels of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 wt.%, but caused a slight increase in the activation energy values. Pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy revealed that the decomposition mechanism of the polymer was not altered by the presence of graphene nanoplatelets but the extent of secondary homolytic degradation reactions was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evangelia Tarani
- Solid State Physics Department, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nejib Kasmi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Chrissafis
- Solid State Physics Department, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - George Z Papageorgiou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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20
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Kasmi N, Wahbi M, Papadopoulos L, Terzopoulou Z, Guigo N, Sbirrazzuoli N, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis and characterization of two new biobased poly(pentylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-caprolactone) and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-caprolactone) copolyesters with enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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