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Pandit A, Kumar KD, Kumar R. In vitro degradation and antibacterial activity of bacterial cellulose deposited flax fabric reinforced with polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131199. [PMID: 38574917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare biocomposites through the solution casting method followed by compression moulding in which bacterial cellulose (BC) deposited flax fabric (FF) produced through fermentation is coated with minimal amount of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). Biocomposites incorporated with 60 % of PLA or PHB (% w/w) show enhanced tensile strength. Cross-sectional morphology showed good superficial interaction of these biopolymers with fibres of FF thereby filling up the gaps present between the fibres. The tensile strength of biocomposites at 60 % PLA and 60 % PHB improved from 37.97 MPa (i.e., BC deposited FF produced in presence of honey) to 67.17 MPa and 56.26 MPa, respectively. Further, 0.25 % of nalidixic acid (NA) (% w/w) and 6 % of oleic acid (OA) (% w/w) incorporation into the biocomposites imparted prolonged antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The in vitro cytotoxicity of biocomposites was determined using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The 3-(4,5-cime- thylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity tests showed that the PHB derived biocomposites along with antibacterial compounds in it were non-toxic. In vitro degradation of biocomposites was measured for up to 8 weeks in the mimicked physiological environment that showed a gradual rate of degradation over the period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Pandit
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - K Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna 801106, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, India.
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2
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van Zyl EM, Coburn JM. Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose with the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-12 via Chimerical Cellulose-Binding Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1462. [PMID: 38338739 PMCID: PMC10855235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial-derived cellulose (BC) has been studied as a promising material for biomedical applications, including wound care, due to its biocompatibility, water-holding capacity, liquid/gas permeability, and handleability properties. Although BC has been studied as a dressing material for cutaneous wounds, to date, BC inherently lacks antibacterial properties. The current research utilizes bifunctional chimeric peptides containing carbohydrate binding peptides (CBP; either a short version or a long version) and an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), KR-12. The secondary structure of the chimeric peptides was evaluated and confirmed that the α-helix structure of KR-12 was retained for both chimeric peptides evaluated (Long-CBP-KR12 and Short-CBP-KR12). Chimeric peptides and their individual components were assessed for cytotoxicity, where only higher concentrations of Short-CBP and longer timepoints of Short-CBP-KR12 exposure exhibited negative effects on metabolic activity, which was attributed to solubility issues. All KR-12-containing peptides exhibited antibacterial activity in solution against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding capability of the peptides was evaluated and the Short-CBP-KR12 peptide exhibited enhanced LPS-binding capabilities compared to KR-12 alone. Both chimeric peptides were able to bind to BC and were observed to be retained on the surface over a 7-day period. All functionalized materials exhibited no adverse effects on the metabolic activity of both normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) epithelial cells. Additionally, the BC tethered chimeric peptides exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli. Overall, this research outlines the design and evaluation of chimeric CBP-KR12 peptides for developing antimicrobial BC membranes with potential applications in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeannine M. Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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3
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Harun-Ur-Rashid M, Jahan I, Foyez T, Imran AB. Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials for Micro/Nanodevices: A New Era in Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1786. [PMID: 37763949 PMCID: PMC10536921 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs. This article thoroughly examines the development and distinctive attributes of various BINMs, including those originating from proteins, DNA, and biomimetic polymers. Significant attention is directed toward incorporating these entities into micro/nanodevices and the subsequent biomedical ramifications that arise. This review explores biomimicry's structure-function correlations. Synthesis mosaics include bioprocesses, biomolecules, and natural structures. These nanomaterials' interfaces use biomimetic functionalization and geometric adaptations, transforming drug delivery, nanobiosensing, bio-inspired organ-on-chip systems, cancer-on-chip models, wound healing dressing mats, and antimicrobial surfaces. It provides an in-depth analysis of the existing challenges and proposes prospective strategies to improve the efficiency, performance, and reliability of these devices. Furthermore, this study offers a forward-thinking viewpoint highlighting potential avenues for future exploration and advancement. The objective is to effectively utilize and maximize the application of BINMs in the progression of biomedical micro/nanodevices, thereby propelling this rapidly developing field toward its promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Harun-Ur-Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Tahmina Foyez
- Department of Pharmacy, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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4
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Meng S, Wu H, Xiao D, Lan S, Dong A. Recent advances in bacterial cellulose-based antibacterial composites for infected wound therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121082. [PMID: 37321715 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wound infection arising from pathogenic bacteria brought serious trouble to the patient and medical system. Among various wound dressings that are effective in killing pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial composites based on bacterial cellulose (BC) are becoming the most popular materials due to their success in eliminating pathogenic bacteria, preventing wound infection, and promoting wound healing. However, as an extracellular natural polymer, BC is not inherently antimicrobial, which means that it must be combined with other antimicrobials to be effective against pathogens. BC has many advantages over other polymers, including nano-structure, significant moisture retention, non-adhesion to the wound surface, which has made it superior to other biopolymers. This review introduces the recent advances in BC-based composites for the treatment of wound infection, including the classification and preparation methods of composites, the mechanism of wound treatment, and commercial application. Moreover, their wound therapy applications include hydrogel dressing, surgical sutures, wound healing bandages, and patches are summarized in detail. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of BC-based antibacterial composites for the treatment of infected wounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriguga Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Douxin Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Shi Lan
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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5
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van Zyl EM, Kennedy MA, Nason W, Fenlon SJ, Young EM, Smith LJ, Bhatia SR, Coburn JM. Structural properties of optically clear bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii using arabitol. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213345. [PMID: 36889229 PMCID: PMC10075302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits beneficial properties for use in biomedical applications but is limited by its lack of tunable transparency capabilities. To overcome this deficiency, a novel method to synthesize transparent BC materials using an alternative carbon source, namely arabitol, was developed. Characterization of the BC pellicles was performed for yield, transparency, surface morphology, and molecular assembly. Transparent BC was produced using mixtures of glucose and arabitol. Zero percent arabitol pellicles exhibited 25% light transmittance, which increased with increasing arabitol concentration through to 75% light transmittance. While transparency increased, overall BC yield was maintained indicating that the altered transparency may be induced on a micro-scale rather than a macro-scale. Significant differences in fiber diameter and the presence of aromatic signatures were observed. Overall, this research outlines methods for producing BC with tunable optical transparency, while also bringing new insight to insoluble components of exopolymers produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M van Zyl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
| | - Mitchell A Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
| | - Wendy Nason
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, United States of America.
| | - Sawyer J Fenlon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
| | - Eric M Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
| | - Luis J Smith
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, United States of America.
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America.
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Bacterial Cellulose as a Versatile Biomaterial for Wound Dressing Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175580. [PMID: 36080341 PMCID: PMC9458019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ulcers are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality due to the high probability of infection and sepsis and therefore exert a significant impact on public health resources. Numerous types of dressings are used for the treatment of skin ulcers-each with different advantages and disadvantages. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has received enormous interest in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medical fields due to its biological, physical, and mechanical characteristics, which enable the creation of polymer composites and blends with broad applications. In the medical field, BC was at first used in wound dressings, tissue regeneration, and artificial blood vessels. This material is suitable for treating various skin diseases due its considerable fluid retention and medication loading properties. BC membranes are used as a temporary dressing for skin treatments due to their excellent fit to the body, reduction in pain, and acceleration of epithelial regeneration. BC-based composites and blends have been evaluated and synthesized both in vitro and in vivo to create an ideal microenvironment for wound healing. This review describes different methods of producing and handling BC for use in the medical field and highlights the qualities of BC in detail with emphasis on biomedical reports that demonstrate its utility. Moreover, it gives an account of biomedical applications, especially for tissue engineering and wound dressing materials reported until date. This review also includes patents of BC applied as a wound dressing material.
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Hodel KVS, Machado BAS, Sacramento GDC, Maciel CADO, Oliveira-Junior GS, Matos BN, Gelfuso GM, Nunes SB, Barbosa JDV, Godoy ALPC. Active Potential of Bacterial Cellulose-Based Wound Dressing: Analysis of Its Potential for Dermal Lesion Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061222. [PMID: 35745794 PMCID: PMC9228207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of innate products for the fast and efficient promotion of healing process has been one of the biomedical sector's main bets for lesion treatment modernization process. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize bacterial cellulose-based (BC) wound dressings incorporated with green and red propolis extract (2 to 4%) and the active compounds p-coumaric acid and biochanin A (8 to 16 mg). The characterization of the nine developed samples (one control and eight active wound dressings) evidenced that the mechanics, physics, morphological, and barrier properties depended not only on the type of active principle incorporated onto the cellulosic matrix, but also on its concentration. Of note were the results found for transparency (28.59-110.62T600 mm-1), thickness (0.023-0.046 mm), swelling index (48.93-405.55%), water vapor permeability rate (7.86-38.11 g m2 day-1), elongation (99.13-262.39%), and antioxidant capacity (21.23-86.76 μg mL-1). The wound dressing based on BC and red propolis was the only one that presented antimicrobial activity. The permeation and retention test revealed that the wound dressing containing propolis extract presented the most corneal stratum when compared with viable skin. Overall, the developed wound dressing showed potential to be used for treatment against different types of dermal lesions, according to its determined proprieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI/CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.); (S.B.N.); (J.D.V.B.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (C.A.d.O.M.); (G.S.O.-J.); (A.L.P.C.G.)
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI/CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.); (S.B.N.); (J.D.V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(71)-3879-5624
| | - Giulia da Costa Sacramento
- SENAI Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI/CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.); (S.B.N.); (J.D.V.B.)
| | - Carine Assunção de Oliveira Maciel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (C.A.d.O.M.); (G.S.O.-J.); (A.L.P.C.G.)
| | - Gessualdo Seixas Oliveira-Junior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (C.A.d.O.M.); (G.S.O.-J.); (A.L.P.C.G.)
| | - Breno Noronha Matos
- Laboratory of Medicines, Food and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Medicines, Food and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (B.N.M.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Silmar Baptista Nunes
- SENAI Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI/CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.); (S.B.N.); (J.D.V.B.)
| | - Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
- SENAI Institute for Innovation in Advanced Health Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI/CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.); (S.B.N.); (J.D.V.B.)
| | - Ana Leonor Pardo Campos Godoy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Brazil; (C.A.d.O.M.); (G.S.O.-J.); (A.L.P.C.G.)
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Cielecka I, Ryngajłło M, Maniukiewicz W, Bielecki S. Highly Stretchable Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii SI1. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4455. [PMID: 34961006 PMCID: PMC8707637 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strain of bacteria producing cellulose was isolated from Kombucha and identified as Komagataeibacter hansenii, named SI1. In static conditions, the strain synthesises bacterial nanocellulose with an improved ability to stretch. In this study, utilisation of various carbon and nitrogen sources and the impact of initial pH was assessed in terms of bacterial nanocellulose yield and properties. K. hansenii SI1 produces cellulose efficiently in glycerol medium at pH 5.0-6.0 with a yield of 3.20-3.60 g/L. Glucose medium led to the synthesis of membrane characterised by a strain of 77%, which is a higher value than in the case of another Komagataeibacter species. Supplementation of medium with vitamin C results in an enhanced porosity and improves the ability of bacterial nanocellulose to stretch (up to 123%). The properties of modified membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and mechanical tests. The results show that bacterial nanocellulose produced in SH medium and vitamin C-supplemented medium has unique properties (porosity, tensile strength and strain) without changing the chemical composition of cellulose. The method of production BNC with altered properties was the issue of Polish patent application no. P.431265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Cielecka
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Waldemar Maniukiewicz
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland; (M.R.); (S.B.)
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Bacterial Cellulose: Production, Characterization, and Application as Antimicrobial Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312984. [PMID: 34884787 PMCID: PMC8657668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is recognized as a multifaceted, versatile biomaterial with abundant applications. Groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are accountable for BC synthesis through static or agitated fermentation processes in the presence of competent media. In comparison to static cultivation, agitated cultivation provides the maximum yield of the BC. A pure cellulose BC can positively interact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic biopolymers while being used in the biomedical domain. From the last two decades, the reinforcement of biopolymer-based biocomposites and its applicability with BC have increased in the research field. The harmony of hydrophobic biopolymers can be reduced due to the high moisture content of BC in comparison to hydrophilic biopolymers. Mechanical properties are the important parameters not only in producing green composite but also in dealing with tissue engineering, medical implants, and biofilm. The wide requisition of BC in medical as well as industrial fields has warranted the scaling up of the production of BC with added economy. This review provides a detailed overview of the production and properties of BC and several parameters affecting the production of BC and its biocomposites, elucidating their antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy with an insight to highlight their therapeutic potential.
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Tailor-made microbial consortium for Kombucha fermentation: Microbiota-induced biochemical changes and biofilm formation. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110549. [PMID: 34399526 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha is a very distinct naturally fermented sweetened tea that has been produced for thousands of years. Fermentation relies on metabolic activities of the complex autochthonous symbiotic microbiota embedded in a floating biofilm and used as a backslop for successive fermentations. Here, we designed a tailor-made microbial consortium representative of the core Kombucha microbiota to drive this fermentation. Microbial (counts, metagenetics), physico-chemical (pH, density) and biochemical (organic acids, volatile compounds) parameters were monitored as well as biofilm formation by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. While nine species were co-inoculated, four (Dekkera bruxellensis, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Acetobacter okinawensis and Liquorilactobacillus nagelii) largely dominated. Microbial activities led to acetic, lactic, succinic and oxalic acids being produced right from the start of fermentation while gluconic and glucuronic acids progressively increased. A distinct shift in volatile profile was also observed with mainly aldehydes identified early on, then high abundances of fatty acids, ketones and esters at the end. Correlation analyses, combining metabolomic and microbial data also showed a shift in species abundances during fermentation. We also determined distinct bacteria-yeast co-occurence patterns in biofilms by microscopy. Our study provides clear evidence that a tailor-made consortium can be successfully used to drive Kombucha fermentations.
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Nunes SB, Hodel KVS, Sacramento GDC, Melo PDS, Pessoa FLP, Barbosa JDV, Badaró R, Machado BAS. Development of Bacterial Cellulose Biocomposites Combined with Starch and Collagen and Evaluation of Their Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020458. [PMID: 33477891 PMCID: PMC7833372 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the major benefits of biomedicine is the use of biocomposites as wound dressings to help improve the treatment of injuries. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop and characterize biocomposites based on bacterial cellulose (BC) with different concentrations of collagen and starch and characterize their thermal, morphological, mechanical, physical, and barrier properties. In total, nine samples were produced with fixed amounts of glycerol and BC and variations in the amount of collagen and starch. The water activity (0.400–0.480), water solubility (12.94–69.7%), moisture (10.75–20.60%), thickness (0.04–0.11 mm), water vapor permeability (5.59–14.06 × 10−8 g·mm/m2·h·Pa), grammage (8.91–39.58 g·cm−2), opacity (8.37–36.67 Abs 600 nm·mm−1), elongation (4.81–169.54%), and tensile strength (0.99–16.32 MPa) were evaluated and defined. In addition, scanning electron microscopy showed that adding biopolymers in the cellulose matrix made the surface compact, which also influenced the visual appearance. Thus, the performance of the biocomposites was directly influenced by their composition. The performance of the different samples obtained resulted in them having different potentials for application considering the injury type. This provides a solution for the ineffectiveness of traditional dressings, which is one of the great problems of the biomedical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmar Baptista Nunes
- PPG GETEC, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (S.B.N.); (F.L.P.P.); (J.D.V.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.)
| | - Giulia da Costa Sacramento
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.)
| | - Pollyana da Silva Melo
- Department of Materials, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil;
| | - Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa
- PPG GETEC, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (S.B.N.); (F.L.P.P.); (J.D.V.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa
- PPG GETEC, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (S.B.N.); (F.L.P.P.); (J.D.V.B.); (R.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.)
| | - Roberto Badaró
- PPG GETEC, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (S.B.N.); (F.L.P.P.); (J.D.V.B.); (R.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.)
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- PPG GETEC, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (S.B.N.); (F.L.P.P.); (J.D.V.B.); (R.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (K.V.S.H.); (G.d.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(71)-3879-5624
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Nicoara AI, Stoica AE, Ene DI, Vasile BS, Holban AM, Neacsu IA. In Situ and Ex Situ Designed Hydroxyapatite: Bacterial Cellulose Materials with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214793. [PMID: 33121009 PMCID: PMC7663409 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bacterial cellulose (BC) composite materials represent a promising approach for tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of two types of materials based on HAp and BC, with antibacterial properties provided by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The composite materials were obtained following two routes: (1) HAp was obtained in situ directly in the BC matrix containing different amounts of AgNPs by the coprecipitation method, and (2) HAp was first obtained separately using the coprecipitation method, then combined with BC containing different amounts of AgNPs by ultrasound exposure. The obtained materials were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, and FT-IR, while their antimicrobial effect was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and yeast (Candida albicans). The results demonstrated that the obtained composite materials were characterized by a homogenous porous structure and high water absorption capacity (more than 1000% w/w). These materials also possessed low degradation rates (<5% in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C) and considerable antimicrobial effect due to silver nanoparticles (10–70 nm) embedded in the polymer matrix. These properties could be finetuned by adjusting the content of AgNPs and the synthesis route. The samples prepared using the in situ route had a wider porosity range and better homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ionut Nicoara
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Stoica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-784069104
| | - Denisa-Ionela Ene
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ionela Andreea Neacsu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.N.); (B.S.V.); (I.A.N.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Starch-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated into Propylamine-Substituted PVA Films with Improved Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties for Wound-Bandage Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092112. [PMID: 32957433 PMCID: PMC7570389 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This research endeavor aims to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based films capable of blends with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) for improved antibacterial properties and good mechanical strength to widen its scope in the field of wound dressing and bandages. This study reports synthesis of propylamine-substituted PVA (PA-PVA), Ag-NPs via chemical and green methods (starch capping) and their blended films in various proportions. Employment of starch-capped Ag-NPs as nanofillers into PVA films has substantially improved the above-mentioned properties in the ensuing nanocomposites. Synthesis of PA-PVA, starch-capped Ag-NPs and blended films were well corroborated with UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR, XRD and SEM analysis. Synthesized Ag-NPs were of particle shape and have an average size 20 nm and 40 nm via green and chemical synthesis, respectively. The successful blending of Ag-NPs was yielded up to five weight per weight into PA-PVA film as beyond this self-agglomeration of Ag-NPs was observed. Antibacterial assay has shown good antimicrobial activities by five weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)-encapsulated into PA-PVA blended film, i.e., 13 mm zone inhibition against Escherichia coli and 11 mm zone inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Physical strength was measured in the terms of young's modulus via tensile stress-strain curves of blended films. The five weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)/PA-PVA blend film showed maximum tensile strength 168.2 MPa while three weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)/PVA blend film showed highest values for ultimate strain 297.0%. Ag-NPs embedment into PA-PVA was resulted in strong and ductile film blend than pristine PA-PVA film due to an increase in hydrogen bonding. These good results of five weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)/PA-PVA product make it a potent candidate for wound dressing application in physically active body areas.
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