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Zhuikova YV, Zhuikov VA, Khaydapova DD, Lunkov AP, Bonartseva GA, Varlamov VP. Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Properties of Biodegradable Composites Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1124. [PMID: 38675043 PMCID: PMC11053872 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, composite films and scaffolds of polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and polysaccharide chitosan obtained via a simple and reproducible blending method using acetic acid as a solvent were considered. The degradation process of the films was studied gravimetrically in a model biological medium in the presence of enzymes in vitro for 180 days. The kinetics of weight reduction depended on the amount of chitosan in the composition. The biocompatibility of the films was evaluated using the Alamar blue test and fluorescence microscopy. The materials were non-cytotoxic, and the addition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) to chitosan improved its matrix properties on mesenchymal stem cells. Then, the 3D composites were prepared by freeze-drying. Their structure (using SEM), rheological behavior, moisture absorption, and porosity were investigated. The addition of different amounts of chitosan allowed us to vary the chemical and biological properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) materials and their degradation rate, which is extremely important in the development of biomedical poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) materials, especially implantable ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Vsevolod A. Zhuikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Dolgor D. Khaydapova
- Faculty of Soil Science, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia;
| | - Alexey P. Lunkov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Garina A. Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
| | - Valery P. Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; (Y.V.Z.); (A.P.L.); (G.A.B.); (V.P.V.)
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Voinova VV, Zhuikov VA, Zhuikova YV, Sorokina AA, Makhina TK, Bonartseva GA, Parshina EY, Hossain MA, Shaitan KV, Pryadko AS, Chernozem RV, Mukhortova YR, Shlapakova LE, Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA, Bonartsev AP. Adhesion of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus fermentum to Films and Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds from Composites of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with Magnetic Nanoparticles in a Low-Frequency Magnetic Field. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:208. [PMID: 38203380 PMCID: PMC10778586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of materials to adhere bacteria on their surface is one of the most important aspects of their development and application in bioengineering. In this work, the effect of the properties of films and electrospun scaffolds made of composite materials based on biosynthetic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with the addition of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) and their complex with graphene oxide (MNP/GO) on the adhesion of E. coli and L. fermentum under the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field and without it was investigated. The physicochemical properties (crystallinity; surface hydrophilicity) of the materials were investigated by X-ray structural analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and "drop deposition" methods, and their surface topography was studied by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Crystal violet staining made it possible to reveal differences in the surface charge value and to study the adhesion of bacteria to it. It was shown that the differences in physicochemical properties of materials and the manifestation of magnetoactive properties of materials have a multidirectional effect on the adhesion of model microorganisms. Compared to pure PHB, the adhesion of E. coli to PHB-MNP/GO, and for L. fermentum to both composite materials, was higher. In the magnetic field, the adhesion of E. coli increased markedly compared to PHB-MNP/GO, whereas the effect on the adhesion of L. fermentum was reversed and was only evident in samples with PHB-MNP. Thus, the resultant factors enhancing and impairing the substrate binding of Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive L. fermentum turned out to be multidirectional, as they probably have different sensitivity to them. The results obtained will allow for the development of materials with externally controlled adhesion of bacteria to them for biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera V. Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (M.A.H.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Vsevolod A. Zhuikov
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (Y.V.Z.); (T.K.M.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Yulia V. Zhuikova
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (Y.V.Z.); (T.K.M.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Anastasia A. Sorokina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (M.A.H.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Tatiana K. Makhina
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (Y.V.Z.); (T.K.M.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Garina A. Bonartseva
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (Y.V.Z.); (T.K.M.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Evgeniia Yu. Parshina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (M.A.H.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Hossain
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (M.A.H.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Konstantin V. Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (M.A.H.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Artyom S. Pryadko
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.S.P.); (Y.R.M.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Roman V. Chernozem
- International Research and Development Center “Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials”, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Yulia R. Mukhortova
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.S.P.); (Y.R.M.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
- International Research and Development Center “Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials”, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Lada E. Shlapakova
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.S.P.); (Y.R.M.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Roman A. Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.S.P.); (Y.R.M.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
- International Research and Development Center “Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials”, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Maria A. Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.S.P.); (Y.R.M.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
- International Research and Development Center “Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials”, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Anton P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (V.V.V.); (A.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (M.A.H.); (K.V.S.)
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3
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Zhuikova YV, Zhuikov VA, Makhina TK, Efremov YM, Aksenova NA, Timashev PS, Bonartseva GA, Varlamov VP. Preparation and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/chitosan composite films using acetic acid as a solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125970. [PMID: 37494998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and chitosan are among the most widely used polymers for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, renewability and low toxicity. The creation of composite materials based on biopolymers belonging to different classes makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of each of the components and to obtain a material with specific properties. Solving this problem is associated with difficulties in the selection of conditions and solvents for obtaining the composite material. In our study, acetic acid was used as a common solvent for hydrophobic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and chitosan. Mechanical, thermal, physicochemical and surface properties of the composites and homopolymers were investigated. The composite films had less crystallinity and hydrophobicity than poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), and the addition of chitosan caused an increase in moisture absorption, a decrease in contact angle and changes in mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The inclusion of varying amounts of chitosan controlled the properties of the composite, which will be important in the future for its specific biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod A Zhuikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana K Makhina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri M Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Aksenova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare" Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Garina A Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery P Varlamov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Zharkova II, Volkov AV, Muraev AA, Makhina TK, Voinova VV, Ryabova VM, Gazhva YV, Kashirina AS, Kashina AV, Bonartseva GA, Zhuikov VA, Shaitan KV, Kirpichnikov MP, Ivanov SY, Bonartsev AP. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 3D-Scaffold-Conduit for Guided Tissue Sprouting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086965. [PMID: 37108133 PMCID: PMC10138660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold biocompatibility remains an urgent problem in tissue engineering. An especially interesting problem is guided cell intergrowth and tissue sprouting using a porous scaffold with a special design. Two types of structures were obtained from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) using a salt leaching technique. In flat scaffolds (scaffold-1), one side was more porous (pore size 100-300 μm), while the other side was smoother (pore size 10-50 μm). Such scaffolds are suitable for the in vitro cultivation of rat mesenchymal stem cells and 3T3 fibroblasts, and, upon subcutaneous implantation to older rats, they cause moderate inflammation and the formation of a fibrous capsule. Scaffold-2s are homogeneous volumetric hard sponges (pore size 30-300 μm) with more structured pores. They were suitable for the in vitro culturing of 3T3 fibroblasts. Scaffold-2s were used to manufacture a conduit from the PHB/PHBV tube with scaffold-2 as a filler. The subcutaneous implantation of such conduits to older rats resulted in gradual soft connective tissue sprouting through the filler material of the scaffold-2 without any visible inflammatory processes. Thus, scaffold-2 can be used as a guide for connective tissue sprouting. The obtained data are advanced studies for reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering application for the elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Zharkova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Volkov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Priorova Str. 10, Moscow 127299, Russia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Muraev
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia
| | - Tatiana K Makhina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vera V Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Valentina M Ryabova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky pl., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Yulia V Gazhva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky pl., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Alena S Kashirina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky pl., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Kashina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky pl., 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Garina A Bonartseva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Zhuikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Ivanov
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Medical Institute, RUDN Universiry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 6117198, Russia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sechenov University, Trubetskaya Str., 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anton P Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Chernozem RV, Pariy I, Surmeneva MA, Shvartsman VV, Planckaert G, Verduijn J, Ghysels S, Abalymov A, Parakhonskiy BV, Gracey E, Gonçalves A, Mathur S, Ronsse F, Depla D, Lupascu DC, Elewaut D, Surmenev RA, Skirtach AG. Cell Behavior Changes and Enzymatic Biodegradation of Hybrid Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-Based Scaffolds with an Enhanced Piezoresponse after the Addition of Reduced Graphene Oxide. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201726. [PMID: 36468909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study of the impact of biodegradation on the structure, surface potential, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) scaffolds supplemented with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as well as cell behavior under static and dynamic mechanical conditions. There is no effect of the rGO addition up to 1.0 wt% on the rate of enzymatic biodegradation of PHB scaffolds for 30 d. The biodegradation of scaffolds leads to the depolymerization of the amorphous phase, resulting in an increase in the degree of crystallinity. Because of more regular dipole order in the crystalline phase, surface potential of all fibers increases after the biodegradation, with a maximum (361 ± 5 mV) after the addition of 1 wt% rGO into PHB as compared to pristine PHB fibers. By contrast, PHB-0.7rGO fibers manifest the strongest effective vertical (0.59 ± 0.03 pm V-1 ) and lateral (1.06 ± 0.02 pm V-1 ) piezoresponse owing to a greater presence of electroactive β-phase. In vitro assays involving primary human fibroblasts reveal equal biocompatibility and faster cell proliferation on PHB-0.7rGO scaffolds compared to pure PHB and nonpiezoelectric polycaprolactone scaffolds. Thus, the developed biodegradable PHB-rGO scaffolds with enhanced piezoresponse are promising for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Chernozem
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Igor Pariy
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Maria A Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Shvartsman
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Planckaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Joost Verduijn
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Stef Ghysels
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Anatolii Abalymov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | | | - Eric Gracey
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Diederik Depla
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Doru C Lupascu
- Institute for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Figueroa-Lopez KJ, Prieto C, Pardo-Figuerez M, Cabedo L, Lagaron JM. Development and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopapers Containing Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Active Food Packaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 36903702 PMCID: PMC10004799 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food quality is mainly affected by oxygen through oxidative reactions and the proliferation of microorganisms, generating changes in its taste, odor, and color. The work presented here describes the generation and further characterization of films with active oxygen scavenging properties made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) loaded with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) obtained by electrospinning coupled to a subsequent annealing process, which could be used as coating or interlayer in a multilayer concept for food packaging applications. The aim of this work is to explore the capacities of these novel biopolymeric composites in terms of O2 scavenging capacity, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial, barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties. To obtain such biopapers, different ratios of CeO2NPs were incorporated into a PHBV solution with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. The produced films were analyzed in terms of antioxidant, thermal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, optical, morphological and barrier properties, and oxygen scavenging activity. According to the results, the nanofiller showed some reduction of the thermal stability of the biopolyester but exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In terms of passive barrier properties, the CeO2NPs decreased the permeability to water vapor but increased the limonene and oxygen permeability of the biopolymer matrix slightly. Nevertheless, the oxygen scavenging activity of the nanocomposites showed significant results and improved further by incorporating the surfactant CTAB. The PHBV nanocomposite biopapers developed in this study appear as very interesting constituents for the potential design of new active organic recyclable packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Figueroa-Lopez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo-Figuerez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jose M. Lagaron
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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7
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Rogovina S, Zhorina L, Yakhina A, Shapagin A, Iordanskii A, Berlin A. Hydrolysis, Biodegradation and Ion Sorption in Binary Biocomposites of Chitosan with Polyesters: Polylactide and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030645. [PMID: 36771948 PMCID: PMC9920663 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The film binary composites polylactide (PLA)-chitosan and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-chitosan have been fabricated and their functional characteristics, such as hydrolysis resistance, biodegradation in soil, and ion sorption behavior have been explored. It was established that hydrolysis temperature and acidity of solutions are differently affected by the weight loss of these two systems. Thus, in the HCl aqueous solutions, the stability of the PHB-chitosan composites is higher than the stability of the PLA-chitosan one, while the opposite situation was observed for biodegradation in soil. The sorption capacity of both composites to Fe3+ ions was investigated and it was shown that, for PHB-chitosan composites, the sorption is higher than for PLA-chitosan. It was established that kinetics of sorption obeys the pseudo-first-order equation and limiting values of sorption correspond to Henry's Law formalism. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the comparative investigation of initial films and films containing sorbed ions was made and the change of films surface after Fe3+ sorption is demonstrated. The findings presented could open a new horizon in the implementation of novel functional biodegradable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rogovina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (A.I.)
| | - Lubov Zhorina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yakhina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Shapagin
- Frumkin Institute of Physics Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Iordanskii
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (A.I.)
| | - Alexander Berlin
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Biocomposite Materials Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Chitosan: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245549. [PMID: 36559916 PMCID: PMC9782520 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the important directions in the development of modern medical devices is the search and creation of new materials, both synthetic and natural, which can be more effective in their properties than previously used materials. Traditional materials such as metals, ceramics, and synthetic polymers used in medicine have certain drawbacks, such as insufficient biocompatibility and the emergence of an immune response from the body. Natural biopolymers have found applications in various fields of biology and medicine because they demonstrate a wide range of biological activity, biodegradability, and accessibility. This review first described the properties of the two most promising biopolymers belonging to the classes of polyhydroxyalkanoates and polysaccharides-polyhydroxybutyrate and chitosan. However, homopolymers also have some disadvantages, overcome which becomes possible by creating polymer composites. The article presents the existing methods of creating a composite of two polymers: copolymerization, electrospinning, and different ways of mixing, with a description of the properties of the resulting compositions. The development of polymer composites is a promising field of material sciences, which allows, based on the combination of existing substances, to develop of materials with significantly improved properties or to modify of the properties of each of their constituent components.
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9
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Effect of 3-Hydroxyvalerate Content on Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopolymers Produced from Fermented Dairy Manure. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194140. [PMID: 36236088 PMCID: PMC9571417 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with various 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents biosynthesized by mixed microbial consortia (MMC) fed fermented dairy manure at the large-scale level was assessed over a 3-month period. The thermal, mechanical, and rheological behavior and the chemical structure of the extracted PHBV biopolymers were studied. The recovery of crude PHBV extracted in a large Soxhlet extractor with CHCl3 for 24 h ranged between 20.6% to 31.8% and purified to yield between 8.9% to 26.9% all based on original biomass. 13C-NMR spectroscopy revealed that the extracted PHBVs have a random distribution of 3HV and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) units and with 3HV content between 16% and 24%. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the extracted PHBVs varied between −0.7 and −7.4 °C. Some of the extracted PHBVs showed two melting temperatures (Tm) which the lower Tm1 ranged between 126.1 °C and 159.7 °C and the higher Tm2 varied between 152.1 °C and 170.1 °C. The weight average molar mass of extracted PHBVs was wide ranging from 6.49 × 105 g·mol−1 to 28.0 × 105 g·mol−1. The flexural and tensile properties were also determined. The extracted polymers showed a reverse relationship between the 3HV content and Young’s modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus, and flexural strength properties.
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10
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Khan HM, Liao X, Sheikh BA, Wang Y, Su Z, Guo C, Li Z, Zhou C, Cen Y, Kong Q. Smart biomaterials and their potential applications in tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6859-6895. [PMID: 36069198 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smart biomaterials have been rapidly advancing ever since the concept of tissue engineering was proposed. Interacting with human cells, smart biomaterials can play a key role in novel tissue morphogenesis. Various aspects of biomaterials utilized in or being sought for the goal of encouraging bone regeneration, skin graft engineering, and nerve conduits are discussed in this review. Beginning with bone, this study summarizes all the available bioceramics and materials along with their properties used singly or in conjunction with each other to create scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A quick overview of the skin-based nanocomposite biomaterials possessing antibacterial properties for wound healing is outlined along with skin regeneration therapies using infrared radiation, electrospinning, and piezoelectricity, which aid in wound healing. Furthermore, a brief overview of bioengineered artificial skin grafts made of various natural and synthetic polymers has been presented. Finally, by examining the interactions between natural and synthetic-based biomaterials and the biological environment, their strengths and drawbacks for constructing peripheral nerve conduits are highlighted. The description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury healed with various natural-based conduits receives special attention. The organic and synthetic worlds collide at the interface of nanomaterials and biological systems, producing a new scientific field including nanomaterial design for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Mohammed Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bilal Ahmed Sheikh
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhixuan Su
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,National Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Honeycomb-Structured Porous Films from Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate): Physicochemical Characterization and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132671. [PMID: 35808716 PMCID: PMC9268957 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface morphology affects cell attachment and proliferation. In this research, different films made of biodegradable polymers, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-co-HV), containing different molecular weights, with microstructured surfaces were investigated. Two methods were used to obtain patterned films—water-assisted self-assembly (“breath figure”) and spin-coating techniques. The water-assisted technique made it possible to obtain porous films with a self-assembled pore structure, which is dependent on the monomer composition of a polymer along with its molecular weight and the technique parameters (distance from the nozzle, volume, and polymer concentration in working solution). Their pore morphologies were evaluated and their hydrophobicity was examined. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow were cultivated on a porous film surface. MSCs’ attachment differed markedly depending on surface morphology. On strip-formed stamp films, MSCs elongated along the structure, however, they interacted with a larger area of film surface. The honeycomb films and column type films did not set the direction of extrusion, but cell flattening depended on structure topography. Thus, stem cells can “feel” the various surface morphologies of self-assembled honeycomb films and change their behavior depending on it.
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12
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Chernozem RV, Pariy IO, Pryadko A, Bonartsev AP, Voinova VV, Zhuikov VA, Makhina TK, Bonartseva GA, Shaitan KV, Shvartsman VV, Lupascu DC, Romanyuk KN, Kholkin AL, Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA. A comprehensive study of the structure and piezoelectric response of biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate-based films for tissue engineering applications. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Michurov DA, Makhina TK, Siracusa V, Bonartsev AP, Lozinsky VI, Iordanskii AL. Cryo-Structuring of Polymeric Systems. Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Cryogels Loaded with the Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Microbeads and the Evaluation of Such Composites as the Delivery Vehicles for Simvastatin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112196. [PMID: 35683869 PMCID: PMC9182817 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly porous composite poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels loaded with the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) microbeads containing the drug, simvastatin (SVN), were prepared via cryogenic processing (freezing—storing frozen—defrosting) of the beads’ suspensions in aqueous PVA solution. The rigidity of the resultant composite cryogels increased with increasing the filler content. Optical microscopy of the thin section of such gel matrices revealed macro-porous morphology of both continuous (PVA cryogels) and discrete (PHB-microbeads) phases. Kinetic studies of the SVN release from the drug-loaded microbeads, the non-filled PVA cryogel and the composite material showed that the cryogel-based composite system could potentially serve as a candidate for the long-term therapeutic system for controlled drug delivery. Such PHB-microbeads-containing PVA-cryogel-based composite drug delivery carriers were unknown earlier; their preparation and studies have been performed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A. Michurov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana K. Makhina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Bld. 2 Leninskiy Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (V.I.L.)
| | - Anton P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir I. Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (V.I.L.)
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street, 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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14
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Degradation of P(3HB-co-4HB) Films in Simulated Body Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101990. [PMID: 35631874 PMCID: PMC9143980 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel model of biodegradable PHA copolymer films preparation was applied to evaluate the biodegradability of various PHA copolymers and to discuss its biomedical applicability. In this study, we illustrate the potential biomaterial degradation rate affectability by manipulation of monomer composition via controlling the biosynthetic strategies. Within the experimental investigation, we have prepared two different copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate—P(3HB-co-36 mol.% 4HB) and P(3HB-co-66 mol.% 4HB), by cultivating the thermophilic bacterial strain Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 and further investigated its degradability in simulated body fluids (SBFs). Both copolymers revealed faster weight reduction in synthetic gastric juice (SGJ) and artificial colonic fluid (ACF) than simple homopolymer P3HB. In addition, degradation mechanisms differed across tested polymers, according to SEM micrographs. While incubated in SGJ, samples were fragmented due to fast hydrolysis sourcing from substantially low pH, which suggest abiotic degradation as the major degradation mechanism. On the contrary, ACF incubation indicated obvious enzymatic hydrolysis. Further, no cytotoxicity of the waste fluids was observed on CaCO-2 cell line. Based on these results in combination with high production flexibility, we suggest P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers produced by Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 as being very auspicious polymers for intestinal in vivo treatments.
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15
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Kalinin YE, Kudrin AM, Ovdak OV, Popov II. Internal Friction in an Epoxy Polymer and a Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Based on It. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Ansari S, Sami N, Yasin D, Ahmad N, Fatma T. Biomedical applications of environmental friendly poly-hydroxyalkanoates. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:549-563. [PMID: 33932421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological polyesters of hydroxyacids are known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). They have proved to be an alternative, environmentally friendly and attractive candidate for the replacement of petroleum-based plastics in many applications. Many bacteria synthesize these compounds as an intracellular carbon and energy compound usually under unbalanced growth conditions. Biodegradability and biocompatibility of different PHA has been studied in cell culture systems or in an animal host during the last few decades. Such investigations have proposed that PHA can be used as biomaterials for applications in conventional medical devices such as sutures, patches, meshes, implants, and tissue engineering scaffolds as well. Moreover, findings related to encapsulation capability and degradation kinetics of some PHA polymers has paved their way for development of controlled drug delivery systems. The present review discusses about bio-plastics, their characteristics, examines the key findings and recent advances highlighting the usage of bio-plastics in different medical devices. The patents concerning to PHA application in biomedical field have been also enlisted that will provide a brief overview of the status of research in bio-plastic. This would help medical researchers and practitioners to replace the synthetic plastics aids that are currently being used. Simultaneously, it could also prove to be a strong step in reducing the plastic pollution that surged abruptly due to the COVID-19 medical waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Ansari
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Neha Sami
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Durdana Yasin
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nazia Ahmad
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Cyanobacterial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.
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17
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Nosenko MA, Moysenovich AM, Arkhipova AY, Atretkhany KSN, Nedospasov SA, Drutskaya MS, Moisenovich MM. Fibroblasts upregulate expression of adhesion molecules and promote lymphocyte retention in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3449-3460. [PMID: 33817420 PMCID: PMC7988350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered scaffolds are crucial components in artificial tissue construction. In general, these scaffolds provide inert three-dimensional (3D) surfaces supporting cell growth. However, some scaffolds can affect the phenotype of cultured cells, especially, adherent stromal cells, such as fibroblasts. Here we report on unique properties of 3D fibroin/gelatin materials, which may rapidly induce expression of adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, in cultured primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In contrast, two-dimensional (2D) fibroin/gelatin films did not show significant effects on gene expression profiles in fibroblasts as compared to 3D culture conditions. Interestingly, TNF expression was induced in MEFs cultured in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds, while genetic or pharmacological TNF ablation resulted in diminished ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression by these cells. Using selective MAPK inhibitors, we uncovered critical contribution of JNK to 3D-induced upregulation of these adhesion molecules. Moreover, we observed ICAM-1/VCAM-1-dependent adhesion of lymphocytes to fibroblasts cultured in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds, but not on 2D fibroin/gelatin films, suggesting functional reprogramming in stromal cells, when exposed to 3D environment. Finally, we observed significant infiltration of lymphocytes into 3D fibroin/gelatin, but not into collagen scaffolds in vivo upon subcapsular kidney implantation in mice. Together our data highlight the important features of fibroin/gelatin scaffolds, when they are produced as 3D sponges rather than 2D films, which should be considered when using these materials for tissue engineering. 3D, but not 2D fibroin-based scaffolds promote expression of adhesion molecules in murine fibroblasts. Overexpression of adhesion molecules in 3D fibroin/gelatin-cultured fibroblasts is TNF- and JNK-dependent. Culturing of fibroblasts in 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds promotes adhesion of T-lymphocytes. Implantation of 3D fibroin/gelatin scaffolds in vivo induces infiltration and clustering of T- and B-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Nosenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Anastasia Y Arkhipova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, 354340, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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18
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Olkhov AA, Tyubaeva PM, Vetcher AA, Karpova SG, Kurnosov AS, Rogovina SZ, Iordanskii AL, Berlin AA. Aggressive Impacts Affecting the Biodegradable Ultrathin Fibers Based on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate), Polylactide and Their Blends: Water Sorption, Hydrolysis and Ozonolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060941. [PMID: 33803794 PMCID: PMC8003206 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin electrospun fibers of pristine biopolyesters, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA), as well as their blends, have been obtained and then explored after exposure to hydrolytic (phosphate buffer) and oxidative (ozone) media. All the fibers were obtained from a co-solvent, chloroform, by solution-mode electrospinning. The structure, morphology, and segmental dynamic behavior of the fibers have been determined by optical microscopy, SEM, ESR, and others. The isotherms of water absorption have been obtained and the deviation from linearity (the Henry low) was analyzed by the simplified model. For PHB-PLA fibers, the loss weight increments as the reaction on hydrolysis are symbate to water absorption capacity. It was shown that the ozonolysis of blend fibrils has a two-stage character which is typical for O3 consumption, namely, the pendant group's oxidation and the autodegradation of polymer molecules with chain rupturing. The first stage of ozonolysis has a quasi-zero-order reaction. A subsequent second reaction stage comprising the back-bone destruction has a reaction order that differs from the zero order. The fibrous blend PLA/PHB ratio affects the rate of hydrolysis and ozonolysis so that the fibers with prevalent content of PLA display poor resistance to degradation in aqueous and gaseous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A. Olkhov
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Ln 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (P.M.T.)
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.G.K.); (A.S.K.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (S.Z.R.); (A.L.I.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Polina M. Tyubaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Ln 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (P.M.T.)
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.G.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Nanotechnology Scientific and Educational Center, Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana G. Karpova
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.G.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Alexander S. Kurnosov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.G.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Svetlana Z. Rogovina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (S.Z.R.); (A.L.I.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (S.Z.R.); (A.L.I.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Berlin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (S.Z.R.); (A.L.I.); (A.A.B.)
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19
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Zhuikov VA, Akoulina EA, Chesnokova DV, Wenhao Y, Makhina TK, Demyanova IV, Zhuikova YV, Voinova VV, Belishev NV, Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA, Bonartseva GA, Shaitan KV, Bonartsev AP. The Growth of 3T3 Fibroblasts on PHB, PLA and PHB/PLA Blend Films at Different Stages of Their Biodegradation In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010108. [PMID: 33383857 PMCID: PMC7795568 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century there was a significant development and extensive application of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for their biomedical applications. This research investigates the dynamic change in properties of biodegradable polymers: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly-l-lactide (PLA), and their 50:50 blend (PHB/PLA)) during their hydrolytic non-enzymatic (in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), at pH = 7.4, 37 °C) and enzymatic degradation (in PBS supplemented with 0.25 mg/mL pancreatic lipase). 3T3 fibroblast proliferation on the polymer films experiencing different degradation durations was also studied. Enzymatic degradation significantly accelerated the degradation rate of polymers compared to non-enzymatic hydrolytic degradation, whereas the seeding of 3T3 cells on the polymer films accelerated only the PLA molecular weight loss. Surprisingly, the immiscible nature of PHB/PLA blend (showed by differential scanning calorimetry) led to a slower and more uniform enzymatic degradation in comparison with pure polymers, PHB and PLA, which displayed a two-stage degradation process. PHB/PLA blend also displayed relatively stable cell viability on films upon exposure to degradation of different durations, which was associated with the uneven distribution of cells on polymer films. Thus, the obtained data are of great benefit for designing biodegradable scaffolds based on polymer blends for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vsevolod A. Zhuikov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave, 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (T.K.M.); (Y.V.Z.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Elizaveta A. Akoulina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.A.); (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (N.V.B.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Dariana V. Chesnokova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.A.); (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (N.V.B.); (K.V.S.)
| | - You Wenhao
- Biological Faculty, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, No.299, Ruyi Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.W.); (I.V.D.)
| | - Tatiana K. Makhina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave, 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (T.K.M.); (Y.V.Z.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Irina V. Demyanova
- Biological Faculty, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, No.299, Ruyi Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.W.); (I.V.D.)
| | - Yuliya V. Zhuikova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave, 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (T.K.M.); (Y.V.Z.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Vera V. Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.A.); (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (N.V.B.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Nikita V. Belishev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.A.); (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (N.V.B.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Roman A. Surmenev
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria A. Surmeneva
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave, 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (R.A.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Garina A. Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave, 33, Bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.Z.); (T.K.M.); (Y.V.Z.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Konstantin V. Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.A.); (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (N.V.B.); (K.V.S.)
| | - Anton P. Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.A.); (D.V.C.); (V.V.V.); (N.V.B.); (K.V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4959306306
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Fornasari BE, Carta G, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:554257. [PMID: 33178670 PMCID: PMC7596179 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.554257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury treatment is a relevant problem because of nerve lesion high incidence and because of unsatisfactory regeneration after severe injuries, thus resulting in a reduced patient's life quality. To repair severe nerve injuries characterized by substance loss and to improve the regeneration outcome at both motor and sensory level, different strategies have been investigated. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, a growing number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use has been reported in the last years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they must satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist, since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potentiality to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they share many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials should also be preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review reports the strengths and weaknesses of natural-based biomaterials used for manufacturing peripheral nerve conduits, analyzing the interactions between natural-based biomaterials and biological environment. Particular attention was paid to the description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury repaired with the different natural-based conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta E Fornasari
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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21
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Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics: From Passive Barrier to Active Packaging Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071537. [PMID: 32664618 PMCID: PMC7408168 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of the articles has presented for the Special Issue “Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics: From Passive Barrier to Active Packaging Behavior”. This issue has objective of collecting comprehensive findings regarding structure and functionality of bio-based sustainable polymers performing as multifaceted barrier and packaging in food, cosmetic, and other areas. The content of the collection covers diverse fields of knowledge embracing polymer chemistry, materials science, transport–diffusion phenomena, biodegradation exploring, and others.
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Biodegradable Polylactide-Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Compositions Obtained via Blending under Shear Deformations and Electrospinning: Characterization and Environmental Application. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051088. [PMID: 32397628 PMCID: PMC7284690 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositions of polylactide (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) thermoplastic polyesters originated from the nature raw have been obtained by blending under shear deformations and electrospinning methods in the form of films and nanofibers as well as unwoven nanofibrous materials, respectively. The degrees of crystallinity calculated on the base of melting enthalpies and thermal transition temperatures for glassy state, cold crystallization, and melting point for individual biopolymers and ternary polymer blends PLA-PHB- poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) have been evaluated. It has been shown that the mechanical properties of compositions depend on the presence of plasticizers PEG with different molar masses in interval of 400-1000. The experiments on the action of mold fungi on the films have shown that PHB is a fully biodegradable polymer unlike PLA, whereas the biodegradability of the obtained composites is determined by their composition. The sorption activity of PLA-PHB nanofibers and unwoven nanofibrous PLA-PHB composites relative to water and oil has been studied and the possibility of their use as absorbents in wastewater treatment from petroleum products has been demonstrated.
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23
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Volkov AV, Muraev AA, Zharkova II, Voinova VV, Akoulina EA, Zhuikov VA, Khaydapova DD, Chesnokova DV, Menshikh KA, Dudun AA, Makhina TK, Bonartseva GA, Asfarov TF, Stamboliev IA, Gazhva YV, Ryabova VM, Zlatev LH, Ivanov SY, Shaitan KV, Bonartsev AP. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/hydroxyapatite/alginate scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells enhance the regeneration of critical-sized bone defect. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:110991. [PMID: 32994018 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A critical-sized calvarial defect in rats is employed to reveal the osteoinductive properties of biomaterials. In this study, we investigate the osteogenic efficiency of hybrid scaffolds based on composites of a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with hydroxyapatite (HA) filled with alginate (ALG) hydrogel containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the regeneration of the critical-sized radial defect of the parietal bone in rats. The scaffolds based on PHB and PHB/HA with desired shapes were prepared by two-stage salt leaching technique using a mold obtained by three-dimensional printing. To obtain PHB/HA/ALG/MSC scaffolds seeded with MSCs, the scaffolds were filled with ALG hydrogel containing MSCs; acellular PHB/ALG and PHB/ALG filled with empty ALG hydrogel were prepared for comparison. The produced scaffolds have high porosity and irregular interconnected pore structure. PHB/HA scaffolds supported MSC growth and induced cell osteogenic differentiation in a regular medium in vitro that was manifested by an increase in ALP activity and expression of the CD45 phenotype marker. The data of computed tomography and histological studies showed 94% and 92%, respectively, regeneration of critical-sized calvarial bone defect in vivo at 28th day after implantation of MSC-seeded PHB/HA/ALG/MSC scaffolds with 3.6 times higher formation of the main amount of bone tissue at 22-28 days in comparison with acellular PHB/HA/ALG scaffolds that was shown at the first time by fluorescent microscopy using the original technique of intraperitoneal administration of fluorescent dyes to living postoperative rats. The obtained in vivo results can be associated with the MSC-friendly microstructure and in vitro osteogenic properties of PHB/HA base-scaffolds. Thus, the obtained data demonstrate the potential of MSCs encapsulated in the bioactive biopolymer/mineral/hydrogel scaffold to improve the bone regeneration process in critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Volkov
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Priorova Str. 10, 127299 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Muraev
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. 8/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I Zharkova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera V Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Akoulina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Zhuikov
- A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dolgor D Khaydapova
- Faculty of Soil Science, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dariana V Chesnokova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Menshikh
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrej A Dudun
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana K Makhina
- A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Garina A Bonartseva
- A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Teymur F Asfarov
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Stamboliev
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Gazhva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Valentina M Ryabova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lubomir H Zlatev
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Ivanov
- The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. 8/2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Shaitan
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton P Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; A.N.Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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