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Özyürek T, Uslu G, Arıcan B, Gündoğar M, Nekoofar MH, Dummer PMH. Influence of endodontic access cavity design on mechanical properties of a first mandibular premolar tooth: a finite element analysis study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:433. [PMID: 39026036 PMCID: PMC11258061 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of access cavity designs on the mechanical properties of a single-rooted mandibular first premolar tooth under various static loads using a finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3-dimensional FEA designs were modeled according to the access cavity designs: an intact tooth (control), traditional access cavity (TEC-I), traditional access cavity with Class-II mesio-occlusal cavity design (TEC-II), conservative access cavity (CEC), ninja access cavity (NEC), caries-driven access cavity (Cd-EC), buccal access cavity (BEC) and bucco-occlusal access cavity (BOEC). After the simulated access cavity preparations, root canal treatment was simulated and three different static loads which mimicked oblique and vertical mastication forces were applied to the models. The stress distribution and maximum Von Misses stress values were recorded. The maximum stress values were obtained on both enamel and dentin under multi-point vertical loads. RESULTS The maximum stress values were obtained on both enamel and dentin under multi-point vertical loads. Under all load types, the minimum stress distribution was observed in the control group, followed by CEC, NEC and BEC designs. The highest stress concentration was detected in Cd-EC and TEC-II designs. Under single-point vertical loading, the stress was mostly concentrated in the lingual PCD area, while under multi-point vertical loading, the entire root surface was stress-loaded except for the lingual apical third of the root. CONCLUSION Preserving tooth tissue by simulating CEC, NEC and BEC access cavities increased the load capacity of a single-rooted mandibular first premolar following simulated endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Uslu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burçin Arıcan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Gündoğar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liang M, Zeyong L, Li Y, Chen Q, Meng X. Biomechanical impact of labiolingual diameter on endodontically treated anterior teeth with crown restoration under occlusal loading. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230439. [PMID: 38896638 PMCID: PMC11182641 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the labiolingual diameter and construction of an endodontically treated (ET) anterior tooth with crown restoration on stress distribution and biomechanical safety under occlusal loading. METHODOLOGY Three-dimensional finite element models were generated for maxillary central incisors with all-ceramic crown restorations. The labiolingual diameters of the tooth, defined as the horizontal distance between the protrusion of the labial and lingual surfaces, were changed as follows: (D1) 6.85 mm, (D2) 6.35 mm, and (D3) 5.85 mm. The model was constructed as follows: (S0) vital pulp tooth; (S1) ET tooth; (S2) ET tooth with a 2 mm ferrule, restored with a fiber post and composite resin core; (S3) ET tooth without a ferrule, restored with a fiber post and composite resin core. A total of 12 models were developed. In total, two force loads (100 N) were applied to the crown's incisal edge and palatal surface at a 45° oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the teeth. The Von Mises stress distribution and maximum stress of the models were analyzed. RESULTS Regardless of the loading location, stress concentration and maximum stress (34.07~66.78MPa) in all models occurred in the labial cervical 1/3 of each root. Both labiolingual diameter and construction influenced the maximum stress of the residual tooth tissue, with the impact of the labiolingual diameter being greater. A reduction in labiolingual diameter led to increased maximum stress throughout the tooth. The ferrule reduced the maximum stress of the core of S2 models (7.15~10.69 MPa), which is lower compared with that of S3 models (19.45~43.67 MPa). CONCLUSION The labiolingual diameter exerts a greater impact on the biomechanical characteristics of ET anterior teeth with crown restoration, surpassing the influence of the construction. The ferrule can reduce the maximum stress of the core and maintain the uniformity of stress distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liang
- Nanjing University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Department of General Dentistry, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lamu Zeyong
- Nanjing University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yongheng Li
- Southeast University, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Biomechanics Laboratory, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Southeast University, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Biomechanics Laboratory, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- Nanjing University, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Department of Prosthodontic Technology, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Elraggal A, Abdelraheem IM, Watts DC, Roy S, Dommeti VK, Alshabib A, Althaqafi KA, Afifi RR. Biomechanical reinforcement by CAD-CAM materials affects stress distributions of posterior composite bridges: 3D finite element analysis. Dent Mater 2024; 40:869-877. [PMID: 38609774 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This 3D finite element analysis study aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcing CAD-CAM bars on stress distribution in various components of a posterior composite bridge. METHODS A virtual model mimicking the absence of an upper second premolar was created, featuring class II cavity preparations on the proximal surfaces of the adjacent abutment teeth surrounding the edentulous space. Five distinct finite element analysis (FEA) models were generated, each representing a CAD-CAM reinforcing bar material: 3-YTZP (IPS. emax ZirCAD MO; Zr), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD; EX), nano-hybrid resin composite (Grandio Blocs; GB), Fibre-reinforced composite (Trilor; Tri), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). A veneering resin composite was employed to simulate the replacement of the missing premolar (pontic). In the FEA, an axial force of 600 N and a transverse load of 20 N were applied at the center of the pontic. Subsequently, maximum von Mises (mvM) and maximum principal stresses (σmax) were computed across various components of the generated models. Additionally, shear stresses at the interface between the CAD-CAM bars and the veneering resin composite were determined. RESULTS CAD-CAM materials with high modulus of elasticity, such as Zr and EX, exhibited the highest mvM stresses and shear stresses while transferring the lowest stress to the veneering resin composite in comparison to other materials. Conversely, PEEK demonstrated the lowest mvM stresses but produced the highest stresses within the veneering resin composite. There was a uniform distribution of mvM stresses in the remaining tooth structure among all groups, except for a noticeable elevation in the molar region of Zr and EX groups. SIGNIFICANCE Reinforcing CAD-CAM bar materials with a high modulus of elasticity, such as Zr and EX, may result in debonding failures at the connector sites of posterior composite bridges. Conversely, GB, PEEK, and Tri have the potential to cause fracture failures at the connectors rather than debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Islam M Abdelraheem
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Dommeti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abid Althaqafi
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Umm Al Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania R Afifi
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Chuchulska B, Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Hristov I, Tomova Z, Kazakova R. Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:877. [PMID: 38611135 PMCID: PMC11013798 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern media often portray CAD/CAM technology as widely utilized in the fabrication of dental prosthetics. This study presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) polymers and conventional polymers commonly utilized in prosthetic dentistry. With the increasing adoption of CAD/CAM technology in dental laboratories and practices, understanding the differences in material properties is crucial for informed decision-making in prosthodontic treatment planning. Through a narrative review of the literature and empirical data, this study evaluates the mechanical strength, durability, esthetics, and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM polymers in comparison to traditional polymers. Furthermore, it examines the implications of these findings on the clinical outcomes and long-term success of prosthetic restorations. The results provide valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of CAD/CAM polymers, informing clinicians and researchers about their suitability for various dental prosthetic applications. This study underscores the considerable advantages of CAD/CAM polymers over conventional ones in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetics for prosthetic dentistry. CAD/CAM technology offers improved mechanical strength and durability, potentially enhancing the long-term performance of dental prosthetics, while the biocompatibility of these polymers makes them suitable for a broad patient demographic, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. The practical implications of these findings for dental technicians and dentists are significant, as understanding these material differences enables tailored treatment planning to meet individual patient needs and preferences. Integration of CAD/CAM technology into dental practices can lead to more predictable outcomes and heightened patient satisfaction with prosthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhana Chuchulska
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Mariya Dimitrova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Angelina Vlahova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Hristov
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Zlatina Tomova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Urkande NK, Mankar N, Nikhade PP, Chandak M. Understanding the Complexities of Cast Post Retention: A Comprehensive Review of Influential Factors. Cureus 2023; 15:e51258. [PMID: 38288201 PMCID: PMC10823198 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate landscape of cast post retention in restorative dentistry, encompassing historical perspectives, contemporary techniques, and future directions. Examining factors ranging from tooth-related considerations to prosthesis-related dynamics, the review provides a detailed analysis of clinical techniques, including step-by-step procedures, common challenges, and innovative advancements. Technological breakthroughs, such as digital impressions, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and finite element analysis, are explored for their transformative impact on precision and customization. The discussion extends to the promising future of cast post retention, emphasising emerging materials, the integration of artificial intelligence in treatment planning, and patient-specific approaches. Implications for clinical practice underscore the importance of individualised treatment planning and the adoption of advanced technologies. Recommendations for future research advocate for comprehensive long-term clinical studies, investigations into AI-driven treatment planning, and a focus on patient outcomes and satisfaction. This review consolidates existing knowledge and anticipates a future marked by enhanced precision, individualised care, and improved long-term success in cast post-retained restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha K Urkande
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Nikhil Mankar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pradnya P Nikhade
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Kalachev Y, Zlatev S, Kazakova R, Capodiferro S. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Polymers for Application in Prosthodontics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4525. [PMID: 38231950 PMCID: PMC10708542 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary mass media frequently depict 3D printing as a technology with widespread utilization in the creation of dental prosthetics. This paper endeavors to provide an evidence-based assessment of the current scope of 3D printing's integration within dental laboratories and practices. Its primary objective is to offer a systematic evaluation of the existing applications of 3D-printing technology within the realm of dental prosthetic restorations. Furthermore, this article delves into potential prospects, while also critically examining the sustained relevance of conventional dental laboratory services and manufacturing procedures. The central focus of this article is to expound upon the extent to which 3D printing is presently harnessed for crafting dental prosthetic appliances. By presenting verifiable data and factual insights, this article aspires to elucidate the actual implementation of 3D printing in prosthetic dentistry and its seamless integration into dental practices. The aim of this narrative review is twofold: firstly, to provide an informed and unbiased evaluation of the role that 3D printing currently plays within dental laboratories and practices; and secondly, to instigate contemplation on the transformative potential of this technology, both in terms of its contemporary impact and its future implications, while maintaining a balanced consideration of traditional dental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Dimitrova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (Y.K.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Angelina Vlahova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (Y.K.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Kalachev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (Y.K.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Stefan Zlatev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (Y.K.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (Y.K.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Saverio Capodiferro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy;
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Optimization of Vibration Pretreatment Microwave Curing in Composite Laminate Molding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020296. [PMID: 36679177 PMCID: PMC9866206 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibration pretreatment microwave curing is a high-quality and efficient composite out-of-autoclave molding process. Focusing on interlaminar shear strength, the effects of pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time and vibration acceleration on the molding performance of composite components were analyzed sequentially using the orthogonal test design method; a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical digital microscope (ODM) were used to analyze the void content and fiber-resin bonding state of the specimens under different curing and molding processes. The results show that the influence order of the different vibration process parameters on the molding quality of the components was: vibration acceleration > pretreatment temperature > pretreatment time. Within the parameters analyzed in this study, the optimal vibration pretreatment process parameters were: pretreatment temperature of 90 °C, pretreatment time of 30 min, and vibration acceleration of 10 g. Using these parameters, the interlaminar shear strength of the component was 82.12 MPa and the void content was 0.37%. Compared with the microwave curing process, the void content decreased by 71.8%, and the interlaminar shear strength increased by 31.6%. The microscopic morphology and mechanical properties basically reached the same level as the standard autoclave process, which achieved a high-quality out-of-autoclave curing and molding manufacturing of aerospace composite components.
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The Use of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an Alternative Post and Core Material: Five-Year Follow-Up Report. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120237. [PMID: 36547053 PMCID: PMC9776542 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical report demonstrated the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for manufacturing of custom-made post and core in weakened endodontically treated central incisors. The PEEK structure was manufactured using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The optimal fit of this custom-made endodontic post allowed a thinner cement layer; and removed the need to manufacture a core build-up. While supplementary clinical trials and in vitro studies are needed to totally elucidate the advantages and limitations of PEEK as an option for post and core manufacturing, this case report showed that it can be promising for a predictable and simplified treatment with five years of success.
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Bergamo ETP, Lopes ACO, Campos TMB, Amorim PH, Costa F, Benalcázar Jalkh EB, Carvalho LFD, Zahoui A, Piza MMT, Gutierres E, Witek L, Bonfante EA. Probability of survival and failure mode of endodontically treated incisors without ferrule restored with CAD/CAM fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post-cores. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105519. [PMID: 36279744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the probability of survival and failure mode of endodontically treated incisors without ferrule restored with CAD/CAM FRC post-cores. METHODS Root canals of bovine incisors were treated, leaving post preparations of ∼10 mm. Teeth were allocated into three groups: (i) cast metal post-core, (ii) FRC prefabricated post with a direct resin core build-up, and (iii) CAD/CAM FRC post-core. Posts and zirconia crowns were cemented using resin cement. Specimens were subjected to step-stress accelerated-life fatigue testing in water. Use level probability Weibull curves, probability of survival for a mission of 100,000 cycles at 25, 50, and 100 N, Weibull modulus, and characteristic strength were calculated and plotted. Failure mode was examined under a stereomicroscope. RESULTS Restored incisors demonstrated high probability of survival (93-100%) for missions estimated at 25 and 50 N, irrespective of post-core foundation. At 100 N, incisors restored with metal posts presented significantly higher probability of survival (99%) relative to CAD/CAM posts (79%), whereas FRC groups demonstrated no significant difference. Weibull analysis indicated no significant difference on the Weibull modulus (m = 3.38-5.92). Incisors reconstructed with metal post-cores (431 N) presented significantly higher characteristic strength relative to prefabricated (200 N) and CAD/CAM (202 N) FRC post-cores. While post fracture was the chief failure mode for prefabricated and CAD/CAM FRC post-cores, post and/or root fracture were the main event for metal post-cores. CONCLUSION Endodontically treated incisors without ferrule restored with CAD/CAM FRC post-cores presented promising probability of survival for loads compatible with anterior masticatory forces and favorable failure modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Adolfo C O Lopes
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Tiago M B Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Pedro Henrique Amorim
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Fábio Costa
- dOne 3D, 2625 José Adolfo Bianco Molina, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14024-210, Brazil
| | - Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Laura F de Carvalho
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901.
| | - Abbas Zahoui
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Mariana M T Piza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Eliezer Gutierres
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, NY, 10012, New York, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon Scholl of Engineering, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, 9-75 Octavio Pinheiro Brizolla, Bauru, SP, Brazil, 17012-901
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Mora P, Nunwong C, Sriromreun P, Kaewsriprom P, Srisorrachatr U, Rimdusit S, Jubsilp C. High Performance Composites Based on Highly Filled Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine for Post Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4321. [PMID: 36297897 PMCID: PMC9607604 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber post based on the new polymeric material, polybenzoxazine, is prepared and the effects of glass fiber contents on mechanical and thermal properties are evaluated. The mechanical response to externally applied loads of tooth restored with glass fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composite posts is also simulated by finite element analysis of a tridimensional model and compared with the response to that of a natural tooth. The reinforcing of glass fiber can help improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the polybenzoxazine influenced by the interfacial adhesion between the glass fiber and polybenzoxazine matrix, except for the relatively high mechanical property of the glass fiber. The mechanical data, i.e., elastic modulus under flexure load or flexural modulus by three-point bending test of the glass fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composites are agreed with the elastic modulus of dentin and then used in the finite element model. The restoration using the glass fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composite post provided the maximum von Mises equivalent stress at the cervical third area of the endodontically treated tooth model as similarly observed in the natural tooth. In addition, the maximum von Mises equivalent stress of the tooth restored with the glass fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composite post is also quietly like that of the natural tooth. The finding of this work provided the essential properties of the glass fiber-reinforced polybenzoxazine composite for dental restorations and appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattarin Mora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Chananya Nunwong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Parkpoom Sriromreun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Preecha Kaewsriprom
- Excellent Center for Sustainable Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Ukrit Srisorrachatr
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Medical Services, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanchira Jubsilp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand
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Gholamalizadeh T, Moshfeghifar F, Ferguson Z, Schneider T, Panozzo D, Darkner S, Makaremi M, Chan F, Søndergaard PL, Erleben K. Open-Full-Jaw: An open-access dataset and pipeline for finite element models of human jaw. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 224:107009. [PMID: 35872385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND State-of-the-art finite element studies on human jaws are mostly limited to the geometry of a single patient. In general, developing accurate patient-specific computational models of the human jaw acquired from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is labor-intensive and non-trivial, which involves time-consuming human-in-the-loop procedures, such as segmentation, geometry reconstruction, and re-meshing tasks. Therefore, with the current practice, researchers need to spend considerable time and effort to produce finite element models (FEMs) to get to the point where they can use the models to answer clinically-interesting questions. Besides, any manual task involved in the process makes it difficult for the researchers to reproduce identical models generated in the literature. Hence, a quantitative comparison is not attainable due to the lack of surface/volumetric meshes and FEMs. METHODS We share an open-access repository composed of 17 patient-specific computational models of human jaws and the utilized pipeline for generating them for reproducibility of our work. The used pipeline minimizes the required time for processing and any potential biases in the model generation process caused by human intervention. It gets the segmented geometries with irregular and dense surface meshes and provides reduced, adaptive, watertight, and conformal surface/volumetric meshes, which can directly be used in finite element (FE) analysis. RESULTS We have quantified the variability of our 17 models and assessed the accuracy of the developed models from three different aspects; (1) the maximum deviations from the input meshes using the Hausdorff distance as an error measurement, (2) the quality of the developed volumetric meshes, and (3) the stability of the FE models under two different scenarios of tipping and biting. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate that the developed computational models are precise, and they consist of quality meshes suitable for various FE scenarios. We believe the provided dataset of models including a high geometrical variation obtained from 17 different models will pave the way for population studies focusing on the biomechanical behavior of human jaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torkan Gholamalizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen 1060, Denmark.
| | - Faezeh Moshfeghifar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zachary Ferguson
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 60 5th Ave, New York NY 10011, USA
| | - Teseo Schneider
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Daniele Panozzo
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 60 5th Ave, New York NY 10011, USA
| | - Sune Darkner
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Masrour Makaremi
- Dentofacial Orthopedics Department, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Orthodontie clinic, 2 Rue des 2 Conils, Bergerac 24100, France
| | - François Chan
- Orthodontie clinic, 2 Rue des 2 Conils, Bergerac 24100, France
| | | | - Kenny Erleben
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Chávez Vela MJ, López Flores AI. [Maximum compressive stress analysis in upper central incisors rehabilitated with fiberglass posts and three types of crowns. A study with the finite element method]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e125. [PMID: 38389553 PMCID: PMC10880689 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1003-2022-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the maximum compressive stress in maxillary central incisors restored with fiberglass posts and three types of crowns by the FEM finite element method. Materials and methods The study was a virtual, descriptive, and laboratory trial. Three virtual models were made using the SolidWorks 2017 software from upper central incisors rehabilitated with fiberglass posts and a metal-ceramic crown, a monolithic lithium disilicate crown, and a zirconium-ceramic crown. They were then subjected to an oblique occlusal load of 150N with an angulation of 45°, distributed towards the palatal aspect. The stress analysis proceeded by comparing the maximum, minimum, and equivalent von Mises stresses. Results The maximum compressive stress was found at the cervical level in the vestibular area of each of the crowns. Zirconium-ceramic crown (Design 3) was the one with the highest compressive stress with 73.89 MPa, followed by Lithium Disilicate crown (Design 2) with 63.42 MPa and the metal-ceramic crown (Design 1) with 48.4 MPa. Conclusion The zirconium-ceramic crown better distributes the stress along the tooth since, due to its rigidity, it absorbs the stresses that are concentrated especially in the cervical area, which could indicate that it is the most appropriate option to rehabilitate endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra J Chávez Vela
- División de Rehabilitación Oral de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. , Universidad Científica del Sur División de Rehabilitación Oral Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Ana I López Flores
- División de Rehabilitación Oral de la Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú. , Universidad Científica del Sur División de Rehabilitación Oral Universidad Científica del Sur Lima Peru
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Accuracy of Digital Impression Taking with Intraoral Scanners and Fabrication of CAD/CAM Posts and Cores in a Fully Digital Workflow. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124199. [PMID: 35744261 PMCID: PMC9228234 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Current intraoral scanners (IOS) enable direct impression taking for computer-aided de-sign/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) posts and cores (P+C) with subsequent milling out of monolithic materials. The aim of this in vitro study was to systematically investigate the accuracy of CAD/CAM-P+C in a fully digital workflow, considering different IOS impression methods (Primescan (PRI), Trios4 without (TRI) and with scanpost (TRI+SP)) (Part A), and CAD/CAM milling of zirconium dioxid (ZIR) and resin composite (COM)-P+C (Part B). Five human models were developed in this study. Micro-CT imaging was used as a reference (REF). For Part A, the models were scanned 12 times for each impression method. Then, IOS datasets (n = 180) were superimposed with REF, and scan accuracy was determined using 3D software (GOMInspect). For Part B, one CAD/CAM-P+C (n = 30) was milled for each model, impression method, and material. The triple-scan method was applied using an industrial scanner (ATOS) to determine the accuracy of the fit. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Part A showed for PRI significantly lower accuracy than TRI and TRI+SP (p < 0.05). The data of Part B revealed significantly higher accuracy for ZIR than for COM (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, CAD/CAM-P+C of the ZIR can be recommended for fabrication in a fully digital workflow regarding the accuracy of fit.
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Yildirim G, Demir C, Güven MÇ, Koç O, Dalkiliç EE. Influence of fiber insertion and different material type on stress distribution in endocrown restorations: a 3D-FEA study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:1509-1519. [PMID: 34964689 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.2019228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of fibers insertion and restorative material type on the stress distribution in endocrowns with finite element analysis. Five 3D models of first mandibular molars were created and restored as follows: (1) IN: intact tooth, (2) IPS-E: tooth restored with lithium disilicat ceramic endocrowns, (3) C-E: tooth restored with composite endocrowns, (4) IPS-E + F: lithium disilicate ceramic endocrowns + fiber, (5) C-E + F: composite endocrowns + fiber. Vertical masticatory load was imitated with finite element analysis. The equivalent stress of von Mises failure criterion (mvM) was calculated. The maximum mvM stress, enamel/crown, dentin and cement were compared among models and strength of the materials. Endocrowns presented a lower mvM stress level than intact tooth. In IPS-E, the mvM stress values in the crown and dentin were higher than C-E, while the mvM stress values in cement were higher in C-E group. Fibers insertion did not affect the stress level of IPS-E and C-E groups. In IPS model, fiber showed more stress absorption than C-E. The restorative material type changed the stress distribution of endocrown restorations. The fiber application did not affect the stress distribution in either endocrown group. But, more stress absorption was observed in fiber under IPS-E than C-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulhan Yildirim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Demir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Osman Koç
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mathematical Modelling of Destabilization Stress Factors of Stable-Elastic Fixation of Distal Trans- and Suprasyndesmotic Fibular Fractures. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6607364. [PMID: 34795885 PMCID: PMC8594993 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6607364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Specification of possible stress factors destabilizing the fibula stable osteosynthesis by the intramedullary nail with distal blocking and elastic fixation of distal syndesmosis by the thread with endobuttons by mathematical modelling of distal unstable ankle injuries. Material and Methods. We studied the thread tension during the combined stable-elastic fixation of unstable injuries of the ankle joint in cross-syndesmosis fractures of the fibula (B, C Danis–Weber classification), which includes a one-time stable minimally invasive fixation with the intramedullary nail and elastic fixation by the thread with endobuttons. We used a titanium alloy for the intramedullary nail and polyester for the thread. The deformed state was studied using the methods of mechanics. Results A model of a fractured fibula blocked with the intramedullary nail and fixed with the elastic thread was developed. A formulation to specify the rational tension forces of the elastic thread depending on the parameters of the fibula and intramedullary blocking nail and on the location of the bone injury was obtained. The effect of foot rotation on the thread tension was investigated. The results of theoretical research should be implemented in medical practice. Conclusions A mathematical model of the damaged fibula blocked by the intramedullary nail and fixed with the elastic thread was developed. Dependences for calculation of tension of the fixing thread were obtained. A slight increase in thread tension during foot rotation was found.
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Baldi A, Comba A, Michelotto Tempesta R, Carossa M, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF, Paolone G, Vichi A, Goracci C, Scotti N. External Marginal Gap Variation and Residual Fracture Resistance of Composite and Lithium-Silicate CAD/CAM Overlays after Cyclic Fatigue over Endodontically-Treated Molars. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13173002. [PMID: 34503042 PMCID: PMC8434150 DOI: 10.3390/polym13173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the external marginal gap variation with a 3D quantitative method and the residual fracture resistance after cyclic fatigue in endodontically treated molars restored with overlays of different materials, with and without fiber posts-supported buildups. Forty-eight human maxillary molars were selected, endodontically treated, prepared with standardized MOD cavities and randomly allocated into 6 study groups considering the "core strategy" (build-up with composite resin; build-up with composite resin supported by a fiber post); and the "restorative material" of the indirect adhesive overlay (GrandioBlocks, Voco; Cerasmart, GC; CeltraDuo, Dentsply). All procedures were executed according with manufacturers guidelines. Micro-CT analysis prior and after cyclic fatigue were executed, followed by scanning electron microscope analysis and fracture resistance test. The Two-Way ANOVA analysis showed that interfacial gap progression was significantly influenced by the "core strategy" (p < 0.01) but not of "restorative material" (p = 0.59). Concerning fracture resistance, "restorative material" was statistically significant (p < 0.01), while "core strategy" (p = 0.63) and the interaction (p = 0.84) were not. In conclusion, the fiber post presence within the build-up promoted a lower interfacial gap opening after fatigue, evaluated through micro-CT scans. In terms of fracture resistance, teeth restored with Cerasmart and Celtra Duo were statistically similar, but superior to GrandioBlocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (R.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Allegra Comba
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (R.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Riccardo Michelotto Tempesta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (R.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Carossa
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (R.M.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (G.K.R.P.); (L.F.V.)
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Prosthodontics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (G.K.R.P.); (L.F.V.)
| | - Gaetano Paolone
- Department of Dentistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Dental School, Vita Salute University, 20158 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Vichi
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, William Beatty Building, Hampshire Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 2QG, UK;
| | - Cecilia Goracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Nicola Scotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School Lingotto, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (A.C.); (R.M.T.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-340-2861-799
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Influence of post type on periapical status: a prospective study in a Brazilian population. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:781-787. [PMID: 34231058 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective study assessed the effect of post type used to restore endodontically treated teeth in the onset, progression, and remission of periapical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty teeth (92 patients) were endodontically treated and received a glass fiber post or a cast metal post and a final restoration at a University Clinic by undergraduate students. All patients were followed up for a mean period of 5.1 ± 2.2 years. Periapical Index (PAI) was used for endodontic assessment. Two calibrated and blind examiners assessed the radiographs. The longevity of the endodontic treatment was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS Of the included teeth, 67.1% received glass fiber posts while 32.9% received cast metal posts. There were 4 endodontic failures, two glass fiber posts with a PAI = 3 in the baseline and PAI = 4 in the last follow-up, and one PAI = 4 in baseline and last follow-up. One cast metal post-failure was PAI = 4 in the baseline and the last follow-up. After 9.4 years, the overall success rate of the endodontic treatment was 97.1% (p = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS The tested posts presented similar endodontic healing. Precautions taken during endodontic therapy, post cementation, and final restoration are more likely to be responsible for the success of endodontic treatment rather than a specific type of post. Clinical relevance The type of post is not related to the success of the endodontic treatment.
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Vukicevic AM, Zelic K, Milasinovic D, Sarrami-Foroushani A, Jovicic G, Milovanovic P, Djuric M, Filipovic N, Frangi AF. OpenMandible: An open-source framework for highly realistic numerical modelling of lower mandible physiology. Dent Mater 2021; 37:612-624. [PMID: 33602549 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computer modeling of lower mandible physiology remains challenging because prescribing realistic material characteristics and boundary conditions from medical scans requires advanced equipment and skill sets. The objective of this study is to provide a framework that could reduce simplifications made and inconsistency (in terms of geometry, materials, and boundary conditions) among further studies on the topic. METHODS The OpenMandible framework offers: 1) the first publicly available multiscale model of the mandible developed by combining cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and μCT imaging modalities, and 2) a C++ software tool for the generation of simulation-ready models (tet4 and hex8 elements). In addition to the application of conventional (Neumann and Dirichlet) boundary conditions, OpenMandible introduces a novel geodesic wave propagation - based approach for incorporating orthotropic micromechanical characteristics of cortical bone, and a unique algorithm for modeling muscles as uniformly directed vectors. The base intact model includes the mandible (spongy and compact bone), 14 teeth (comprising dentin, enamel, periodontal ligament, and pulp), simplified temporomandibular joints, and masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis, medial, and lateral pterygoid). RESULTS The complete source code, executables, showcases, and sample data are freely available on the public repository: https://github.com/ArsoVukicevic/OpenMandible. It has been demonstrated that by slightly editing the baseline model, one can study different "virtual" treatments or diseases, including tooth restoration, placement of implants, mandible bone degradation, and others. SIGNIFICANCE OpenMandible eases the community to undertake a broad range of studies on the topic, while increasing their consistency and reproducibility. At the same time, the needs for dedicated equipment and skills for developing realistic simulation models are significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arso M Vukicevic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ksenija Zelic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danko Milasinovic
- Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, University of Kragujevac, Vrnjacka Banja, Serbia
| | - Ali Sarrami-Foroushani
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), School of Computing and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordana Jovicic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), School of Computing and School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Medical Imaging Research Center (MIRC), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Cardiovascular Sciences and Electrical Engineering Departments, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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