1
|
Li C, You E, Ci JX, Huang Q, Zhao YS, Li WZ, Yan YC, Zuo Z. Removal of V(V) from a Mixed Solution Containing Vanadium and Chromium Using a Micropocrous Resin in a Column: Migration Regularity of the Mass Transfer Zone and Analysis of Dynamic Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23688-23702. [PMID: 38854565 PMCID: PMC11154732 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In China, both vanadium(V) and chromium(VI) are present in wastewater resulting from vanadate precipitation (AVP wastewater) and from leaching vanadium-chromium reduction slag. Addressing environmental preservation and the comprehensive utilization of metal resources necessitates the extraction and separation of V(V) and Cr(VI) from these mixed solutions. However, their separation is complicated by very similar physicochemical properties. This study establishes a method for the dynamic selective adsorption of V(V) from such mixtures. It evaluates the impact of various operating conditions in columns on dynamic adsorption behavior. This study examines the migration patterns of the mass transfer zone (MTZ) and forecasts its effective adsorption capacity through multivariate polynomial regression and a neural network (NN) model. The NN model's outcomes are notably more precise. Its analysis reveals that C 0 is the most critical factor, with Q and H following in importance. Furthermore, the dynamic properties were analyzed using two established models, Thomas and Klinkenberg, revealing that both intraparticle and liquid film diffusion influence the rates of exchange adsorption, with intraparticle diffusion being the more significant factor. Using 3 wt % sodium hydroxide as the eluent to elute V(V)-loaded resin at a flow rate of 4 mL/min resulted in a chromium concentration of less than 3 mg/L in the V(V) eluate, indicating high vanadium-chromium separation efficiency in this method. These findings offer theoretical insights and economic analysis data that are crucial for optimizing column operation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
- Southwestern
Institute of Physics, Chengdu610225, China
| | - EnDe You
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| | - Jia Xiang Ci
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| | - Qin Huang
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| | - Wen Zhong Li
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| | - Yu Cheng Yan
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- The
Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan614000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akköz Y, Coşkun R. Cellulose- supported sulfated-magnetic biocomposite produced from hemp biomass: Effective removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128747. [PMID: 38101668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In present study, eco-friendly sulfated cellulose-magnetic biocomposite was successfully synthesized with a simple method from hemp biomass. ATR-FTIR was used to determine chemical changes, while FE-SEM-EDS, STEM, XRD, TG/DTA, and BET techniques were employed to identify changes in morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure, and thermal degradation. Moreover, the saturation magnetization and pHpzc values of the MSHB were also determined. The effectiveness of magnetic sulfated hemp biomass (MSHB) was tested in the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater, including methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green oxalate (MGO). The adsorption all three dyes to MSHB, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model were determined to be more appropriate, and was endothermic and spontaneous from thermodynamic parameters, too. The maximum MSHB adsorption capacities were found to be 457.6, 509.3, and 1300 mg/g for MB, CV, and MGO at 298 K. With increasing temperature, it also drastically increased in capacity. The outstanding property of the MSHB is that it shows high removal performance wide pH range, even after ten cycles its high removal efficiency is still over 96 % for all three dyes and almost unaffected from dense matrix medium. These results demonstrate that MSHB is remarkable adsorbent for removing cationic dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Akköz
- Institute of Graduate Education, Yozgat Bozok University, 66900 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Coşkun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Yozgat Bozok University, 66900 Yozgat, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mendizabal E, Ríos-Donato N, Jasso-Gastinel CF, Verduzco-Navarro IP. Removal of Arsenate by Fixed-Bed Columns Using Chitosan-Magnetite Hydrogel Beads and Chitosan Hydrogel Beads: Effect of the Operating Conditions on Column Efficiency. Gels 2023; 9:825. [PMID: 37888398 PMCID: PMC10606665 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fixed-bed columns packed with chitosan-magnetite (ChM) hydrogel and chitosan (Ch) hydrogel were used for the removal of arsenate ions from aqueous solutions at a pH of 7.0. The effect of flow rate (13, 20, and 25 mL/h), height of the columns (13 and 33 cm), and initial arsenate concentration (2, 5 and 10 mg/L) on the column's efficiency for the removal of As(V) is reported. The maximum adsorption capacity (qb), obtained before the allowed concentration of contaminant is exceeded, the adsorption capacity (qe) when the column is exhausted, and the mass transfer zone were determined. With this information, the efficiency of the column was calculated, which is given by the HL/HLUB ratio. The higher this ratio, the higher the efficiency of the column. The highest efficiency and the highest uptake capacity value at breakthrough point were obtained when using the lower flow rate, lower initial arsenate concentration, and longer bed length. When 33 cm-high columns were fed with a 10 mg As(V)/L solution at 13 mL/h, the maximum uptake capacity values at exhaustion obtained for Ch and ChM were 1.24 and 3.84 mg/g, respectively. A pH increase of the solution at the column's exit was observed and is attributed to the proton transfer from the aqueous solution to the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan. The incorporation of magnetite into Ch hydrogels significantly increases their capacity to remove As(V) due to the formation of complexes between arsenic and the magnetite surface. Experimental data were fitted to the Thomas model, the Yoon-Nelson model and the Bohart-Adams model using non-linear regression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mendizabal
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.); (N.R.-D.)
| | - Nely Ríos-Donato
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.); (N.R.-D.)
| | - Carlos Federico Jasso-Gastinel
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ilse Paulina Verduzco-Navarro
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.); (N.R.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borchert KBL, Gerlach N, Steinbach C, Reis B, Schwarz S, Schwarz D. SiO 2 nanospheres as surfactant and template in aqueous dispersion polymerizations yielding highly nanoporous resin particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:372-388. [PMID: 36724662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS High nitrogen containing resins such as poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) (PMF) are known for their very good adsorption properties. Until now, using an ecofriendly hard-templating approach with SiO2 nanospheres in water for synthesis, only yielded either highly porous particles with diameters up to 1 µm or non-porous particles with diameters above 1 µm. Small particles cannot be used as fixed bed adsorbents in columns because of the very high pressure occurring. EXPERIMENTS To yield particles with high porosity and larger diameters for the use as fixed bed adsorbent, we investigated the influence of several synthesis parameters on porosity and particle morphology. FINDINGS From all variations, we proposed a mechanism for the complex interplay between the PMF prepolymer and resin species with SiO2 nanoparticles acting both as Pickering-like surfactant and template particle. With this knowledge we were able to produce a suitable column material with high specific surface area up to 260 m2/g. We then proved the application of this material for aqueous dichromate adsorption in batch, yielding a maximum capacity of 138 mg/g with recyclability. In column experiments, the contamination of 5 mg/L dichromate in water was reduced to drinking water safe levels for an influent volume equal to over 160 bed volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas Gerlach
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christine Steinbach
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Berthold Reis
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mavinkattimath RG, Shetty Kodialbail V, Srinikethan G. Continuous fixed-bed adsorption of reactive azo dye on activated red mud for wastewater treatment-Evaluation of column dynamics and design parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57058-57075. [PMID: 36930314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Continuous adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue (RBB) dye in water onto sulfuric acid activated red mud (CATRM) in a fixed bed column was investigated. Breakthrough curves were obtained experimentally by varying the bed height (Z), influent flow rate (Q), and dye concentration(C0). The adsorption efficiency in the removal of RBB was favored at lower C0, higher Z, and lower Q. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated red mud bed in the column was obtained at C0 = 70 mg/L, Z = 8 cm, and Q = 5 mL/min and found to be 106 mg/g. Important parameters of column dynamics and design such as mass transfer zone (MTZ) and length of unused bed (LUB) were evaluated from the breakthrough curves. The MTZ and LUB have varied with varying Z, which indicated the existence of nonideal conditions. Thomas model was found to be valid to predict the column dynamics and the model parameters were evaluated. Bed depth service time (BDST) model parameters were evaluated to facilitate the determination of packed bed height for the design of packed bed adsorption column. The bed could be regenerated with NaOH solution with desorption efficiency decreasing from 83.8 to 55.72% from the first to third cycle. A fixed bed of CATRM can be effectively used for continuous dye removal from industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidya Shetty Kodialbail
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Post, Mangalore, 575025, India.
| | - Govindan Srinikethan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Srinivasnagar Post, Mangalore, 575025, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Dynamic Behaviour of a Binary Adsorbent in a Fixed Bed Column for the Removal of Pb2+ Ions from Contaminated Water Bodies. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the search for a technically efficient and abundant adsorbent in water treatment processes, a bio-composite adsorbent derived from agricultural wastes has been identified as a potential candidate. In this study, eggshells and sugarcane bagasse were combined in varied proportions (1:0, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 0:1) and applied as biosorbents in a lab-scale adsorption column. The effect of bed depth (4–12 cm) of the biosorbents was investigated which enabled the prediction of breakthrough curves for the removal of Pb (II) ions. The life span of the column was extended by increasing the bed depth of the column. The binary adsorbent of 1:3 weight ratio of <75 µm particle size showcased the highest removal efficiency of 91% at a bed depth of 12 cm. The mass transfer zone (MTZ) increased with increasing bed depth with a minor portion of the bed left unused, signifying that the process was highly efficient. The Thomas model constant, KTh, decreased with increasing bed depth with the maximum amount of Pb adsorbed being 28.27 mg/g. With the Yoon–Nelson model, KYN decreased with an increase in τ as the bed height increased. In this study, a novel approach was adopted where the proposed methodology enabled the use of a bio-composite adsorbent in heavy metal removal. The findings of this research will aid in the design and optimisation of the pilot-scale operation of environmentally friendly treatment options for metal laden effluent.
Collapse
|
7
|
Carneiro MA, Pintor AMA, Boaventura RAR, Botelho CMS. Efficient removal of arsenic from aqueous solution by continuous adsorption onto iron-coated cork granulates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128657. [PMID: 35306409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The search for low-cost technologies for arsenic removal from water is in high demand due to its human toxicity, even at low concentrations. Adsorption can be a cost-effective water treatment technique if applied with inexpensive materials. Arsenic continuous removal by adsorption onto an alternative modified biosorbent, iron-coated cork granulates (ICG), was investigated in this work. Results showed that most experimental parameters of breakthrough curves (BTC) depend on flow rate, bed height, pH, and initial arsenic concentration. The temperature did not significantly affect arsenate removal in continuous mode; however, the adsorption capacity was affected in batch mode. The thermodynamic parameters suggest that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The maximum adsorption capacity of ICG for As(V) removal at pH 3 was 4.2 ± 0.3 mg g-1, calculated by Yan model fit (R2 = 0.981), and for As(III) at pH 9 was 1.6 ± 0.2 mg g-1 (R2 = 0.994). ICG were able to treat As(V) from 100 µg L-1 to under 10 µg L-1 and 50 µg L-1 for 895 and 1633 bed volumes, and As(III) for 569 and 861 bed volumes, respectively, both at pH 7. The application of ICG in arsenic oxyanions remediation was found to be effective under various conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko A Carneiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ariana M A Pintor
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui A R Boaventura
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cidália M S Botelho
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verduzco-Navarro IP, Mendizábal E, Rivera Mayorga JA, Rentería-Urquiza M, Gonzalez-Alvarez A, Rios-Donato N. Arsenate Removal from Aqueous Media Using Chitosan-Magnetite Hydrogel by Batch and Fixed-Bed Columns. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030186. [PMID: 35323299 PMCID: PMC8954141 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of arsenate ions from aqueous solutions at near-neutral pH was carried out using chitosan-magnetite (ChM) hydrogel beads in batch systems. Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies are reported. Obtained equilibrium and kinetic data were fitted to mathematical models, estimating model parameters by non-linear regression analysis. Langmuir model was found to best fit equilibrium data; a maximum adsorption capacity of 66.9 mg As/g was estimated at pH 7.0. Pseudo-first order kinetic model was observed to best fit kinetic data. The pH of the solution was observed to increase with increasing contact time, which is attributed to protonation of amine groups present in the hydrogel. Protonation of functional groups in the ChM sorbent yields a higher number of active sites for arsenate removal, being as this a process that can’t be overlooked in future applications of ChM hydrogel for the removal or arsenate ions. Chitosan-magnetite and ChM-arsenate interactions were determined by XPS. Arsenate removal using fixed-bed column packed with ChM was carried out, reporting a non-ideal behavior attributed to pH increase of the effluent caused by proton transfer to ChM hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Paulina Verduzco-Navarro
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (E.M.); (J.A.R.M.); (M.R.-U.)
| | - Eduardo Mendizábal
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (E.M.); (J.A.R.M.); (M.R.-U.)
| | - José Antonio Rivera Mayorga
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (E.M.); (J.A.R.M.); (M.R.-U.)
| | - Maite Rentería-Urquiza
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (E.M.); (J.A.R.M.); (M.R.-U.)
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Nely Rios-Donato
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (I.P.V.-N.); (E.M.); (J.A.R.M.); (M.R.-U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-149-7277
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Joulazadeh M, Rahimi A, Mirmohammadi SJ, Kanani M, Dadkhah S, Zarean M. Feasibility Study of Benzene Dehydration through an Adsorption Process: Isotherm Determination, Kinetics, and Fixed-Bed Column Studies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Joulazadeh
- Research and Development Department, Iran Chemical Industries Investment Co. (ICIIC), Isfahan 8335144114, Iran
| | - Amir Rahimi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - S. Javad Mirmohammadi
- Research and Development Department, Iran Chemical Industries Investment Co. (ICIIC), Isfahan 8335144114, Iran
| | - Masoud Kanani
- Research and Development Department, Iran Chemical Industries Investment Co. (ICIIC), Isfahan 8335144114, Iran
| | - Saeed Dadkhah
- Research and Development Department, Iran Chemical Industries Investment Co. (ICIIC), Isfahan 8335144114, Iran
| | - Mostafa Zarean
- Research and Development Department, Iran Chemical Industries Investment Co. (ICIIC), Isfahan 8335144114, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heidarzadeh-Samani M, Behzad T, Mehrabani-Zeinabad A. Development of a continuous fixed-bed column to eliminate cadmium(II) ions by starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/cellulose nanofiber bio-nanocomposite hydrogel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57902-57917. [PMID: 34097214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on continuous adsorptive removal of Cd2+ from the water body using a bio-nanocomposite hydrogel within a fixed-bed column (FBC) system. The bio-nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized based on starch grafted poly(acrylic acid) (St-g-PAA) reinforced by cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The effects of processing conditions including pH, flow rate, and initial concentration of Cd2+ on adsorption efficiency were examined. Based on the results, the highest removal efficiency was achieved to be 82.5% at pH of 5, initial concentration of 10 mg L-1, and flow rate of 5 mL min-1. Furthermore, by applying isotherm models, it was uncovered that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate one, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 40.65 mg g-1. Also, an adsorption process was carried out using the FBC system, and the outcome data were processed using Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models to find the characteristics of the column. In this study, the recovering capacity of the exhausted hydrogel was evaluated. Desorption process efficiencies of batch and continuous operations were obtained to be 91.9% and 90%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayebeh Behzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|