1
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Beitl KN, Reimhult E. Effect of Solvent Properties on the Critical Solution Temperature of Thermoresponsive Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7734. [PMID: 39062977 PMCID: PMC11277098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of thermoresponsive polymers to respond to temperature with a reversible conformational change makes them promising 'smart' materials for solutions in medical and biotechnological applications. In this work, two such polymers and structural isomers were studied: poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNiPAm) and poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx). We compare the critical solution temperatures (CST) of these polymers in D2O and H2O in the presence of Hofmeister series salts, as results obtained under these different solvent conditions are often compared. D2O has a higher dipole moment and electronegativity than H2O, which could significantly alter the CST transition. We used two complementary methods to measure the CST, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and found that the CST decreased significantly in D2O compared to H2O. In the presence of highly concentrated kosmotropes, the CST of both polymers decreased in both solvents. The influence of the kosmotropic anions was smaller than the water isotope effect at low ionic strengths but considerably higher at physiological ionic strengths. However, the Hofmeister anion effect was quantitatively different in H2O than in D2O, with the largest relative differences observed for Cl-, where the CSTs in D2O decreased more than in H2O measured by DLS but less by DSC. PiPOx was more sensitive than PNiPAm to the presence of chaotropes. It exhibited much higher transition enthalpies and multistep transitions, especially in aqueous solutions. Our results highlight that measurements of thermoresponsive polymer properties in D2O cannot be compared directly or quantitatively to application conditions or even measurements performed in H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Institute of Colloid and Biointerface Science, Department of Bionanosciences, BOKU University, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kopf S, Root A, Heinmaa I, Aristéia de Lima J, Åkesson D, Skrifvars M. Production and Characterization of Melt-Spun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-4-hydroxybutyrate) Blend Monofilaments. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27415-27427. [PMID: 38947777 PMCID: PMC11209910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the melt-spinning potential of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) blend using a piston spinning machine with two different spinneret diameters (0.2 and 0.5 mm). Results from the differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile testing showed distinct filament properties depending on the monofilaments' cross-sectional area. Finer filaments possessed different melting behaviors compared to the coarser filaments and the neat polymer, indicating the formation of a different type of polymer crystal. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the finer filament (tensile strength: 21.5 MPa and elongation at break: 341%) differed markedly from the coarser filament (tensile strength: 11.7 MPa, elongation at break: 12.3%). The hydrolytic stability of the filaments was evaluated for 7 weeks in a phosphate-buffered saline solution and showed a considerably reduced elongation at break of the thinner filaments. Overall, the results indicate considerable potential for further filament improvements to facilitate textile processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kopf
- Swedish
Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and
Business, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Andrew Root
- MagSol, Tuhkanummenkuja 2, 00970 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivo Heinmaa
- National
Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Juliana Aristéia de Lima
- Swedish
Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and
Business, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
- Department
of Polymer, Fibre and Composite, RISE Research
Institutes of Sweden, 504
62 Borås, Sweden
| | - Dan Åkesson
- Swedish
Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and
Business, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Mikael Skrifvars
- Swedish
Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and
Business, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
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3
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da Costa Ribeiro A, T. Tominaga T, Moretti Bonadio TG, P. da Silveira N, C. Leite D. A Study on the Behavior of Smart Starch- co-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Hybrid Microgels for Encapsulation of Methylene Blue. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27349-27357. [PMID: 38947796 PMCID: PMC11209679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid microgels made from starch nanoparticles (SNPs) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAM) were used as promising hosts for the methylene blue (MB) dye. In this paper, these thermoresponsive microgels were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements (ZP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated as carriers for skin-targeted drug delivery. The hybrid microgel-MB systems in PBS solution were also studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and DLS, revealing discernible differences in spectral intensity and absorption shifts compared to microgels devoid of MB. This underscores the successful integration of methylene blue within the SNPs-co-p(NIPAM) microgels, signifying their potential as efficacious drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa da Costa Ribeiro
- Applied
Physics in Materials Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Tania T. Tominaga
- Applied
Physics in Materials Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Taiana G. Moretti Bonadio
- Applied
Physics in Materials Group, Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, PR 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Nádya P. da Silveira
- Post
Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Daiani C. Leite
- Laboratório
de Superfícies e Macromoléculas (SM Lab), Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Santa Maria, Santa
Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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4
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Filipek K, Otulakowski Ł, Jelonek K, Utrata-Wesołek A. Degradable Nanogels Based on Poly[Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate] (POEGMA) Derivatives through Thermo-Induced Aggregation of Polymer Chain and Subsequent Chemical Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1163. [PMID: 38675081 PMCID: PMC11054481 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanogels-considered as nanoscale hydrogel particles-are attractive for biological and biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical flexibility. However, the aggregation or accumulation of nanoparticles in the body or the occurrence of the body's defense reactions still pose a research challenge. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of degradable nanogels using thermoresponsive, cytocompatible poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate]s-based copolymers (POEGMA). The combination of POEGMA's beneficial properties (switchable affinity to water, nontoxicity, non-immunogenicity) along with the possibility of nanogel degradation constitute an important approach from a biological point of view. The copolymers of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates were partially modified with short segments of degradable oligo(lactic acid) (OLA) terminated with the acrylate group. Under the influence of temperature, copolymers formed self-assembled nanoparticles, so-called mesoglobules, with sizes of 140-1000 nm. The thermoresponsive behavior of the obtained copolymers and the nanostructure sizes depended on the heating rate and the presence of salts in the aqueous media. The obtained mesoglobules were stabilized by chemical crosslinking via thiol-acrylate Michael addition, leading to nanogels that degraded over time in water, as indicated by the DLS, cryo-TEM, and AFM measurements. Combining these findings with the lack of toxicity of the obtained systems towards human fibroblasts indicates their application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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5
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Otulakowski Ł, Trzebicka B. Aggregation of Thermoresponsive Polymethacrylates in a Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and Its Salts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3587. [PMID: 37688213 PMCID: PMC10489804 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal behavior and aggregation process of the poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate], and poly[(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] thermoresponsive polymers were studied in a commonly used Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) cell culture medium and solutions of its individual components in the same concentration as found in DMEM. All studied copolymers exhibited an unexpected transmittance profile in the DMEM. During heating above the cloud point temperature (TCP), the polymers additionally aggregated, which led to the formation of their precipitates. The behavior of the polymers was further studied to evaluate how individual salts affected the transition temperature, size (Dh), and stability of the polymer particles. Organic additives, such as amino acids and glucose, had a significantly lesser impact on the thermoresponsive aggregation of the polymers than inorganic ones. Changes to the TCP were small and the formation of precipitates was not observed. The presence of small amounts of amino acids caused a decrease in the polymer aggregate sizes. Obtained results are of utmost importance in thermoresponsive drug nanocarrier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Otulakowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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6
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Chittari SS, Obermeyer AC, Knight AS. Investigating Fundamental Principles of Nonequilibrium Assembly Using Temperature-Sensitive Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6554-6561. [PMID: 36913711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Both natural biomaterials and synthetic materials benefit from complex energy landscapes that provide the foundation for structure-function relationships and environmental sensitivity. Understanding these nonequilibrium dynamics is important for the development of design principles to harness this behavior. Using a model system of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-based thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) copolymers, we explored the impact of composition and stimulus path on nonequilibrium thermal hysteretic behavior. Through turbidimetry analysis of nonsuperimposable heat-cool cycles, we observe that LCST copolymers show clear hysteresis that varies as a function of pendent side chain length and hydrophobicity. Hysteresis is further impacted by the temperature ramp rate, as insoluble states can be kinetically trapped under optimized temperature protocols. This systematic study brings to light fundamental principles that can enable the harnessing of out-of-equilibrium effects in synthetic soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supraja S Chittari
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Allie C Obermeyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Temperature-Responsive Polymer Brush Coatings for Advanced Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194245. [PMID: 36236192 PMCID: PMC9571834 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern biomedical technologies predict the application of materials and devices that not only can comply effectively with specific requirements, but also enable remote control of their functions. One of the most prospective materials for these advanced biomedical applications are materials based on temperature-responsive polymer brush coatings (TRPBCs). In this review, methods for the fabrication and characterization of TRPBCs are summarized, and possibilities for their application, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the TRPBCs, are presented in detail. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of thermo-responsibility of the TRPBCs. Applications of TRPBCs for temperature-switchable bacteria killing, temperature-controlled protein adsorption, cell culture, and temperature-controlled adhesion/detachment of cells and tissues are considered. The specific criteria required for the desired biomedical applications of TRPBCs are presented and discussed.
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8
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Synthesis and thermoresponsive properties of polymethacrylate molecular brushes with oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) side chains. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Polyoxazoline: A review article from polymerization to smart behaviors and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Qiao J, Yang J, Jalili S. Propolis-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Bacterial Diarrhea: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a disorder in the gastrointestinal system that is accompanied by cramps, decreased stool’s viscosity, and reduced defecation intervals. In the current study, propolis was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles to develop a potential treatment for gastrointestinal infections.
Various In Vitro experiments were performed to characterize the produced nanoparticles. The healing function of propolis-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ProCHNPs) was evaluated in a rat model of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea. In Vitro studies showed
that ProCHNPs were not toxic against intestinal epithelial cells and improved their viability. Furthermore, these particles had around 261.49±63.22 nm average particle size and showed significantly higher antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities than propolis-free chitosan nanoparticles.
In Vivo studies showed that ProCHNPs had comparable anti-diarrhea function with norfloxacin as the standard drug. In addition, ProCHNPs increased the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microflora and reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue. This
study suggests potential use of ProCHNPs as an alternative treatment for bacterial diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Saman Jalili
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 548987, Iran
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11
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Impact of the various buffer solutions on the temperature-responsive properties of POEGMA-grafted brush coatings. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Babuka D, Kolouchova K, Loukotova L, Sedlacek O, Groborz O, Skarkova A, Zhigunov A, Pavlova E, Hoogenboom R, Hruby M, Stepanek P. Self-Assembly, Drug Encapsulation, and Cellular Uptake of Block and Gradient Copolymers of 2-Methyl-2-oxazine and 2- n-Propyl/butyl-2-oxazoline. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo sq. 542, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, Prague 2 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Skarkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Prumyslova 595, Vestec u Prahy 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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13
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Oleszko-Torbus N. Recent Advances in Modifications, Properties and Applications of 2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline (Co)Polymers. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1993252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Warne NM, Finnegan JR, Feeney OM, Kempe K. Using
2‐isopropyl
‐2‐oxazine to explore the effect of monomer distribution and polymer architecture on the thermoresponsive behavior of copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Warne
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - John R. Finnegan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Orlagh M. Feeney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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15
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Utrata-Wesołek A. The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2892. [PMID: 34502932 PMCID: PMC8434041 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the research carried out in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences (CMPW PAS). Studies carried out for many years under the guidance of Professor Andrzej Dworak led to the development and exploration of the mechanisms of oxirane and cyclic imine polymerization and controlled radical polymerization of methacrylate monomers. Based on that knowledge, within the last three decades, macromolecules with the desired composition, molar mass and topology were obtained and investigated. The ability to control the structure of the synthesized polymers turned out to be important, as it provided a way to tailor the physiochemical properties of the materials to their specific uses. Many linear polymers and copolymers as well as macromolecules with branched, star, dendritic and hyperbranched architectures were synthesized. Thanks to the applied controlled polymerization techniques, it was possible to obtain hydrophilic, hydrophobic, amphiphilic and stimulus-sensitive polymers. These tailor-made polymers with controlled properties were used for the construction of various types of materials, primarily on the micro- and nanoscales, with a wide range of possible applications, mainly in biomedicine. The diverse topology of polymers, and thus their properties, made it possible to obtain various types of polymeric nanostructures and use them as nanocarriers by encapsulation of biologically active substances. Additionally, polymer layers were obtained with features useful in medicine, particularly regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (B.M.); (A.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (B.M.); (A.K.); (W.W.)
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16
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Development of Nano-Antifungal Therapy for Systemic and Endemic Mycoses. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020158. [PMID: 33672224 PMCID: PMC7926374 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal mycoses have become an important health and environmental concern due to the numerous deleterious side effects on the well-being of plants and humans. Antifungal therapy is limited, expensive, and unspecific (causes toxic effects), thus, more efficient alternatives need to be developed. In this work, Copper (I) Iodide (CuI) nanomaterials (NMs) were synthesized and fully characterized, aiming to develop efficient antifungal agents. The bioactivity of CuI NMs was evaluated using Sporothrix schenckii and Candida albicans as model organisms. CuI NMs were prepared as powders and as colloidal suspensions by a two-step reaction: first, the CuI2 controlled precipitation, followed by hydrazine reduction. Biopolymers (Arabic gum and chitosan) were used as surfactants to control the size of the CuI materials and to enhance its antifungal activity. The materials (powders and colloids) were characterized by SEM-EDX and AFM. The materials exhibit a hierarchical 3D shell morphology composed of ordered nanostructures. Excellent antifungal activity is shown by the NMs against pathogenic fungal strains, due to the simultaneous and multiple mechanisms of the composites to combat fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of CuI-AG and CuI-Chitosan are below 50 μg/mL (with 5 h of exposition). Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses demonstrate the capability of the materials to disrupt biofilm formation. AFM also demonstrates the ability of the materials to adhere and penetrate fungal cells, followed by their lysis and death. Following the concept of safe by design, the biocompatibility of the materials was tested. The hemolytic activity of the materials was evaluated using red blood cells. Our results indicate that the materials show an excellent antifungal activity at lower doses of hemolytic disruption.
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17
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Kolouchová K, Lobaz V, Beneš H, de la Rosa VR, Babuka D, Švec P, Černoch P, Hrubý M, Hoogenboom R, Štěpánek P, Groborz O. Thermoresponsive properties of polyacrylamides in physiological solutions. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that the cloud point temperature (TCP) of thermoresponsive polyacrylamides is considerably lower in physiologically relevant solvents (phosphate-buffered saline, serum) than in pure water. This decrease of TCP may be critical for some biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Lobaz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- AVROXA BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2, 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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