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de Mello Innocentini MD, Fuzatto Bueno BR, Urbaś A, Morawska-Chochół A. Microstructural, Fluid Dynamic, and Mechanical Characterization of Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Chloride-Modified Hydrogel Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39012256 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Scaffolds for the filling and regeneration of osteochondral defects are a current challenge in the biomaterials field, and solutions with greater functionality are still being sought. The novel approach of this work was to obtain scaffolds with biologically active additives possessing microstructural, permeability, and mechanical properties, mimicking the complexity of natural cartilage. Four types of scaffolds with a gelatin/alginate matrix modified with hydroxyapatite were obtained, and the relationship between the modifiers and substrate properties was evaluated. They differed in the type of second modifier used, which was hydrated MgCl2 in two proportions, ZnO, and nanohydroxyapatite. The samples were obtained by freeze-drying by using two-stage freezing. Based on microstructural observations combined with X-ray microanalysis, the microstructure of the samples and the elemental content were assessed. Permeability and mechanical tests were also performed. The scaffolds exhibited a network of interconnected pores and complex microarchitecture, with lower porosity at the surface (15 ± 7 to 29 ± 6%) and higher porosity at the center (67 ± 8 to 75 ± 8%). The additives had varying effects on the pore sizes and permeabilities of the samples. ZnO yielded the most permeable scaffolds (5.92 × 10-11 m2), whereas nanohydroxyapatite yielded the scaffold with the lowest permeability (1.18 × 10-11 m2), values within the range reported for trabecular bone. The magnesium content had no statistically significant effect on the permeability. The best mechanical parameters were obtained for ZnO samples and those containing hydrated MgCl2. The scaffold's properties meet the criteria for filling osteochondral defects. The developed scaffolds follow a biomimetic approach in terms of hierarchical microarchitecture and mechanical parameters as well as chemical composition. The obtained composite materials have the potential as biomimetic scaffolds for the regeneration of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Daniel de Mello Innocentini
- Course of Chemical Engineering, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costabile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Centre for Regenerative Design and Engineering for a Net Positive World (RENEW), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Fuzatto Bueno
- Course of Chemical Engineering, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costabile Romano 2201, 14096-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka Urbaś
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Morawska-Chochół
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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De Luca A, Capuana E, Carbone C, Raimondi L, Carfì Pavia F, Brucato V, La Carrubba V, Giavaresi G. Three-dimensional (3D) polylactic acid gradient scaffold to study the behavior of osteosarcoma cells under dynamic conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:841-851. [PMID: 38185851 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This study adopts an in vitro method to recapitulate the behavior of Saos-2 cells, using a system composed of a perfusion bioreactor and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold fabricated using the low-cost thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Four distinct scaffold morphologies with different pore sizes were fabricated, characterized by Scanning electron microscopy and micro-CT analysis and tested with osteosarcoma cells under static and dynamic environments to identify the best morphology for cellular growth. In order to accomplish this purpose, cell growth and matrix deposition of the Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell line were assessed using Picogreen and OsteoImage assays. The obtained data allowed us to identify the morphology that better promotes Saos-2 cellular activity in static and dynamic conditions. These findings provided valuable insights into scaffold design and fabrication strategies, emphasizing the importance of the dynamic culture to recreate an appropriate 3D osteosarcoma model. Remarkably, the gradient scaffold exhibits promise for osteosarcoma applications, offering the potential for targeted tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Luca
- Surgical Science and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Carbone
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Surgical Science and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Surgical Science and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Moghaddam A, Bahrami M, Mirzadeh M, Khatami M, Simorgh S, Chimehrad M, Kruppke B, Bagher Z, Mehrabani D, Khonakdar HA. Recent trends in bone tissue engineering: a review of materials, methods, and structures. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042007. [PMID: 38636500 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) provides the treatment possibility for segmental long bone defects that are currently an orthopedic dilemma. This review explains different strategies, from biological, material, and preparation points of view, such as using different stem cells, ceramics, and metals, and their corresponding properties for BTE applications. In addition, factors such as porosity, surface chemistry, hydrophilicity and degradation behavior that affect scaffold success are introduced. Besides, the most widely used production methods that result in porous materials are discussed. Gene delivery and secretome-based therapies are also introduced as a new generation of therapies. This review outlines the positive results and important limitations remaining in the clinical application of novel BTE materials and methods for segmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehran Bahrami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, 27 Memorial Dr W, Bethlehem, PA 18015, United States of America
| | | | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965-115, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Chimehrad
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Kruppke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71348-14336, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars 71345-1744, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran 14965-115, Iran
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Seo YH, Lee JM, Park SY, Kim MH, Kim SB, Oh TH. PVA Hydrogels Supplemented with PLA Mesh for Tissue Regeneration Scaffold. Gels 2024; 10:364. [PMID: 38920911 PMCID: PMC11202865 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the tensile strength and biocompatibility properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel tissue regeneration scaffolds with polylactic acid (PLA) mesh fabric added as reinforcement, with a focus on the impact of heat treatment temperature and the number of layers of the PLA mesh fabric. The hydrogel scaffolds were prepared using a freeze-thaw method to create PVA hydrogel, with the PLA mesh fabric placed inside the hydrogel. The swelling ratio of the PVA/PLA hydrogel scaffolds decreased with increasing layer number and heat treatment temperature of the PLA mesh. The gel strength was highest when five layers of PLA mesh fabric were added, heat-treated at 120 °C, and confirmed to be properly placed inside the hydrogel by SEM images. The MTT assay and DAPI staining using HaCaT cells demonstrated that the cell proliferation was uninterrupted throughout the experimental period, confirming the biocompatibility of the scaffold. Therefore, we confirmed the possibility of using PLA mesh fabric as a reinforcement for PVA hydrogel to improve the strength of scaffolds for tissue regeneration, and we confirmed the potential of PLA mesh fabric as a reinforcement for various biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Seo
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Graduate School, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Future Earth, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.-H.K.); (S.-B.K.)
| | - Jae-Man Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Institute for Future Earth, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.-H.K.); (S.-B.K.)
| | - Myung-Hoo Kim
- Institute for Future Earth, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.-H.K.); (S.-B.K.)
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Beom Kim
- Institute for Future Earth, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.-H.K.); (S.-B.K.)
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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Qin L, Yang S, Zhao C, Yang J, Li F, Xu Z, Yang Y, Zhou H, Li K, Xiong C, Huang W, Hu N, Hu X. Prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. Bone Res 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38744863 PMCID: PMC11094017 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection in deep bone tissue. Its high recurrence rate and impaired restoration of bone deficiencies are major challenges in treatment. Microbes have evolved numerous mechanisms to effectively evade host intrinsic and adaptive immune attacks to persistently localize in the host, such as drug-resistant bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular bacteria, and small colony variants (SCVs). Moreover, microbial-mediated dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment impedes the bone regeneration process, leading to impaired bone defect repair. Despite advances in surgical strategies and drug applications for the treatment of bone infections within the last decade, challenges remain in clinical management. The development and application of tissue engineering materials have provided new strategies for the treatment of bone infections, but a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This review discusses the critical pathogenic mechanisms of microbes in the skeletal system and their immunomodulatory effects on bone regeneration, and highlights the prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. It will inform the development and translation of antimicrobial and bone repair tissue engineering materials for the management of bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaji Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haotian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Jing, 101408, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xulin Hu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Nayak VV, Sanjairaj V, Behera RK, Smay JE, Gupta N, Coelho PG, Witek L. Direct inkjet writing of polylactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate composites for bone tissue regeneration: A proof-of-concept study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35402. [PMID: 38520704 PMCID: PMC11003728 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
There is an ever-evolving need of customized, anatomic-specific grafting materials for bone regeneration. More specifically, biocompatible and osteoconductive materials, that may be configured dynamically to fit and fill defects, through the application of an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to establish a basis for the development of direct inkjet writing (DIW)-based shape memory polymer-ceramic composites for bone tissue regeneration applications and to establish material behavior under thermomechanical loading. Polymer-ceramic (polylactic acid [PLA]/β-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP]) colloidal gels were prepared of different w/w ratios (90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50) through polymer dissolution in acetone (15% w/v). Cytocompatibility was analyzed through Presto Blue assays. Rheological properties of the colloidal gels were measured to determine shear-thinning capabilities. Gels were then extruded through a custom-built DIW printer. Space filling constructs of the gels were printed and subjected to thermomechanical characterization to measure shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery (Rr) ratios through five successive shape memory cycles. The polymer-ceramic composite gels exhibited shear-thinning capabilities for extrusion through a nozzle for DIW. A significant increase in cellular viability was observed with the addition of β-TCP particles within the polymer matrix relative to pure PLA. Shape memory effect in the printed constructs was repeatable up to 4 cycles followed by permanent deformation. While further research on scaffold macro-/micro-geometries, and engineered porosities are warranted, this proof-of-concept study suggested suitability of this polymer-ceramic material and the DIW 3D printing workflow for the production of customized, patient specific constructs for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar Behera
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - James E. Smay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USA
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Ferraz MP. An Overview on the Big Players in Bone Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials, Scaffolds and Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3836. [PMID: 38612646 PMCID: PMC11012232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, millions worldwide suffer from degenerative and inflammatory bone and joint issues, comprising roughly half of chronic ailments in those over 50, leading to prolonged discomfort and physical limitations. These conditions become more prevalent with age and lifestyle factors, escalating due to the growing elderly populace. Addressing these challenges often entails surgical interventions utilizing implants or bone grafts, though these treatments may entail complications such as pain and tissue death at donor sites for grafts, along with immune rejection. To surmount these challenges, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising avenue for bone injury repair and reconstruction. It involves the use of different biomaterials and the development of three-dimensional porous matrices and scaffolds, alongside osteoprogenitor cells and growth factors to stimulate natural tissue regeneration. This review compiles methodologies that can be used to develop biomaterials that are important in bone tissue replacement and regeneration. Biomaterials for orthopedic implants, several scaffold types and production methods, as well as techniques to assess biomaterials' suitability for human use-both in laboratory settings and within living organisms-are discussed. Even though researchers have had some success, there is still room for improvements in their processing techniques, especially the ones that make scaffolds mechanically stronger without weakening their biological characteristics. Bone tissue engineering is therefore a promising area due to the rise in bone-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Ferraz
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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Ebrahimzadeh MH, Nakhaei M, Gharib A, Mirbagheri MS, Moradi A, Jirofti N. Investigation of background, novelty and recent advance of iron (II,III) oxide- loaded on 3D polymer based scaffolds as regenerative implant for bone tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:128959. [PMID: 38145693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering had crucial role in the bone defects regeneration, particularly when allograft and autograft procedures have limitations. In this regard, different types of scaffolds are used in tissue regeneration as fundamental tools. In recent years, magnetic scaffolds show promising applications in different biomedical applications (in vitro and in vivo). As superparamagnetic materials are widely considered to be among the most attractive biomaterials in tissue engineering, due to long-range stability and superior bioactivity, therefore, magnetic implants shows angiogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction features when they are combined with biomaterials. Furthermore, these scaffolds can be coupled with a magnetic field to enhance their regenerative potential. In addition, magnetic scaffolds can be composed of various combinations of magnetic biomaterials and polymers using different methods to improve the magnetic, biocompatibility, thermal, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. This review article aims to explain the use of magnetic biomaterials such as iron (II,III) oxide (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) in detail. So it will cover the research background of magnetic scaffolds, the novelty of using these magnetic implants in tissue engineering, and provides a future perspective on regenerative implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimzadeh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 91388-13944, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehrnoush Nakhaei
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 91388-13944, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Gharib
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 91388-13944, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Sadat Mirbagheri
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 91388-13944, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 91388-13944, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Nafiseh Jirofti
- Orthopedic Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 91388-13944, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ghosh S, Pati F. Decellularized extracellular matrix and silk fibroin-based hybrid biomaterials: A comprehensive review on fabrication techniques and tissue-specific applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127410. [PMID: 37844823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials play a fundamental role in tissue engineering by providing biochemical and physical cues that influence cellular fate and matrix development. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) as a biomaterial is distinguished by its abundant composition of matrix proteins, such as collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin, as well as glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. However, the mechanical properties of only dECM-based constructs may not always meet tissue-specific requirements. Recent advancements address this challenge by utilizing hybrid biomaterials that harness the strengths of silk fibroin (SF), which contributes the necessary mechanical properties, while dECM provides essential cellular cues for in vitro studies and tissue regeneration. This review discusses emerging trends in developing such biopolymer blends, aiming to synergistically combine the advantages of SF and dECM through optimal concentrations and desired cross-linking density. We focus on different fabrication techniques and cross-linking methods that have been utilized to fabricate various tissue-engineered hybrid constructs. Furthermore, we survey recent applications of such biomaterials for the regeneration of various tissues, including bone, cartilage, trachea, bladder, vascular graft, heart, skin, liver, and other soft tissues. Finally, the trajectory and prospects of the constructs derived from this blend in the tissue engineering field have been summarized, highlighting their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Ghosh
- BioFab Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- BioFab Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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Shar A, Shar A, Joung D. Carbon nanotube nanocomposite scaffolds: advances in fabrication and applications for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1299166. [PMID: 38179128 PMCID: PMC10764633 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1299166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite scaffolds have emerged as highly promising frameworks for tissue engineering research. By leveraging their intrinsic electrical conductivity and valuable mechanical properties, CNTs are commonly dispersed into polymers to create robust, electrically conductive scaffolds that facilitate tissue regeneration and remodeling. This article explores the latest progress and challenges related to CNT dispersion, functionalization, and scaffold printing techniques, including electrospinning and 3D printing. Notably, these CNT scaffolds have demonstrated remarkable positive effects across various cell culture systems, stimulating neuronal growth, promoting cardiomyocyte maturation, and facilitating osteocyte differentiation. These encouraging results have sparked significant interest within the regenerative medicine field, including neural, cardiac, muscle, and bone regenerations. However, addressing the concern of CNT cytotoxicity in these scaffolds remains critical. Consequently, substantial efforts are focused on exploring strategies to minimize cytotoxicity associated with CNT-based scaffolds. Moreover, researchers have also explored the intriguing possibility of utilizing the natural cytotoxic properties of CNTs to selectively target cancer cells, opening up promising avenues for cancer therapy. More research should be conducted on cutting-edge applications of CNT-based scaffolds through phototherapy and electrothermal ablation. Unlike drug delivery systems, these novel methodologies can combine 3D additive manufacturing with the innate physical properties of CNT in response to electromagnetic stimuli to efficiently target localized tumors. Taken together, the unique properties of CNT-based nanocomposite scaffolds position them as promising candidates for revolutionary breakthroughs in both regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Continued research and innovation in this area hold significant promise for improving healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Shar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Angela Shar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daeha Joung
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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11
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Sheng X, Li C, Wang Z, Xu Y, Sun Y, Zhang W, Liu H, Wang J. Advanced applications of strontium-containing biomaterials in bone tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100636. [PMID: 37441138 PMCID: PMC10333686 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) and strontium ranelate (SR) are commonly used therapeutic drugs for patients suffering from osteoporosis. Researches have showed that Sr can significantly improve the biological activity and physicochemical properties of materials in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, a large number of strontium containing biomaterials have been developed for repairing bone defects and promoting osseointegration. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of Sr-containing biomaterials along with the current state of their clinical use. For this purpose, the different types of biomaterials including calcium phosphate, bioactive glass, and polymers are discussed and provided future outlook on the fabrication of the next-generation multifunctional and smart biomaterials.
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Adler C, Monavari M, Abraham GA, Boccaccini AR, Ghorbani F. Mussel-inspired polydopamine decorated silane modified-electroconductive gelatin-PEDOT:PSS scaffolds for bone regeneration. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15960-15974. [PMID: 37250225 PMCID: PMC10214007 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to simulate both the chemistry and piezoelectricity of bone by synthesizing electroconductive silane-modified gelatin-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) scaffolds using the freeze drying technique. In order to enhance hydrophilicity, cell interaction, and biomineralization, the scaffolds were functionalized with polydopamine (PDA) inspired by mussels. Physicochemical, electrical, and mechanical analyses were conducted on the scaffolds, as well as in vitro evaluations using the osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. It was found that scaffolds had interconnected porous structures, so the PDA layer formation reduced the size of pores while maintaining scaffold uniformity. PDA functionalization reduced the electrical resistance of the constructs while improving their hydrophilicity, compressive strength, and modulus. As a result of the PDA functionalization and the use of silane coupling agents, higher stability and durability were achieved as well as an improvement in biomineralization capability after being soaked in SBF solution for a month. Additionally, the PDA coating enabled the constructs to enhance viability, adhesion, and proliferation of MG-63 cells, as well as to express alkaline phosphatase and deposit HA, indicating that scaffolds can be used for bone regeneration. Therefore, the PDA-coated scaffolds developed in this study and the non-toxic performance of PEDOT:PSS present a promising approach for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Adler
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
| | - Gustavo A Abraham
- Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata Mar del Plata Argentina
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Cauerstrasse 6 91058 Erlangen Germany +49 9131 85-69637 +49 9131 85-28601
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13
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Ganesh SS, Anushikaa R, Swetha Victoria VS, Lavanya K, Shanmugavadivu A, Selvamurugan N. Recent Advancements in Electrospun Chitin and Chitosan Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050288. [PMID: 37233398 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of large segmental bone loss caused by fractures, osteomyelitis, and non-union results in expenses of around USD 300,000 per case. Moreover, the worst-case scenario results in amputation in 10% to 14.5% of cases. Biomaterials, cells, and regulatory elements are employed in bone tissue engineering (BTE) to create biosynthetic bone grafts with effective functionalization that can aid in the restoration of such fractured bones, preventing amputation and alleviating expenses. Chitin (CT) and chitosan (CS) are two of the most prevalent natural biopolymers utilized in the fields of biomaterials and BTE. To offer the structural and biochemical cues for augmenting bone formation, CT and CS can be employed alone or in combination with other biomaterials in the form of nanofibers (NFs). When compared with several fabrication methods available to produce scaffolds, electrospinning is regarded as superior since it enables the development of nanostructured scaffolds utilizing biopolymers. Electrospun nanofibers (ENFs) offer unique characteristics, including morphological resemblance to the extracellular matrix, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, permeability, porosity, and stability. This review elaborates on the recent strategies employed utilizing CT and CS ENFs and their biocomposites in BTE. We also summarize their implementation in supporting and delivering an osteogenic response to treat critical bone defects and their perspectives on rejuvenation. The CT- and CS-based ENF composite biomaterials show promise as potential constructions for bone tissue creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shree Ganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Ramprasad Anushikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Venkadesan Sri Swetha Victoria
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Krishnaraj Lavanya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
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14
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Khalili H, Kashkoli HH, Weyland DE, Pirkalkhoran S, Grabowska WR. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; Scaffold Fabrication and Delivery Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:620. [PMID: 37111377 PMCID: PMC10146656 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represent a leading cause of blindness, resulting in permanent damage to retinal cells that are essential for maintaining normal vision. Around 12% of people over the age of 65 have some form of retinal degenerative disease. Whilst antibody-based drugs have revolutionised treatment of neovascular AMD, they are only effective at an early stage and cannot prevent eventual progression or allow recovery of previously lost vision. Hence, there is a clear unmet need to find innovative treatment strategies to develop a long-term cure. The replacement of damaged retinal cells is thought to be the best therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with retinal degeneration. Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a group of innovative and complex biological products including cell therapy medicinal products, gene therapy medicinal products, and tissue engineered products. Development of ATMPs for the treatment of retinal degeneration diseases has become a fast-growing field of research because it offers the potential to replace damaged retinal cells for long-term treatment of AMD. While gene therapy has shown encouraging results, its effectiveness for treatment of retinal disease may be hampered by the body's response and problems associated with inflammation in the eye. In this mini-review, we focus on describing ATMP approaches including cell- and gene-based therapies for treatment of AMD along with their applications. We also aim to provide a brief overview of biological substitutes, also known as scaffolds, that can be used for delivery of cells to the target tissue and describe biomechanical properties required for optimal delivery. We describe different fabrication methods for preparing cell-scaffolds and explain how the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can aid with the process. We predict that combining AI with 3D bioprinting for 3D cell-scaffold fabrication could potentially revolutionise retinal tissue engineering and open up new opportunities for developing innovative platforms to deliver therapeutic agents to the target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Khalili
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | | | - Sama Pirkalkhoran
- School of Biomedical Science, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
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15
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Liu S, Yu JM, Gan YC, Qiu XZ, Gao ZC, Wang H, Chen SX, Xiong Y, Liu GH, Lin SE, McCarthy A, John JV, Wei DX, Hou HH. Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: new biosynthesis methods, recent advances, and emerging applications. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 36978167 PMCID: PMC10047482 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine. In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials, biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, such materials have mechanical adaptability, microstructure interconnectivity, and inherent bioactivity, making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine. This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials (BNBMs), including advances in their preparation, functionality, potential applications and future challenges. We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM. Moreover, we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications. Finally, we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Jiang-Ming Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yan-Chang Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shi-Xuan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325011, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guo-Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Si-En Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Alec McCarthy
- Department of Functional Materials, Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Johnson V John
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68130, USA
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200336, China.
- Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong Institute of Brain Science, Zigong, 643002, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Hong-Hao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China.
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16
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Thambiliyagodage C, Jayanetti M, Mendis A, Ekanayake G, Liyanaarachchi H, Vigneswaran S. Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Applications-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16052073. [PMID: 36903188 PMCID: PMC10004736 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan derived from chitin gas gathered much interest as a biopolymer due to its known and possible broad applications. Chitin is a nitrogen-enriched polymer abundantly present in the exoskeletons of arthropods, cell walls of fungi, green algae, and microorganisms, radulae and beaks of molluscs and cephalopods, etc. Chitosan is a promising candidate for a wide variety of applications due to its macromolecular structure and its unique biological and physiological properties, including solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and reactivity. Chitosan and its derivatives have been known to be applicable in medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, agriculture, the textile and paper industries, the energy industry, and industrial sustainability. More specifically, their use in drug delivery, dentistry, ophthalmology, wound dressing, cell encapsulation, bioimaging, tissue engineering, food packaging, gelling and coating, food additives and preservatives, active biopolymeric nanofilms, nutraceuticals, skin and hair care, preventing abiotic stress in flora, increasing water availability in plants, controlled release fertilizers, dye-sensitised solar cells, wastewater and sludge treatment, and metal extraction. The merits and demerits associated with the use of chitosan derivatives in the above applications are elucidated, and finally, the key challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitha Thambiliyagodage
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Madara Jayanetti
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Amavin Mendis
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Geethma Ekanayake
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Heshan Liyanaarachchi
- Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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A Review of Biomimetic and Biodegradable Magnetic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054312. [PMID: 36901743 PMCID: PMC10001544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects characterized by limited regenerative properties are considered a priority in surgical practice, as they are associated with reduced quality of life and high costs. In bone tissue engineering, different types of scaffolds are used. These implants represent structures with well-established properties that play an important role as delivery vectors or cellular systems for cells, growth factors, bioactive molecules, chemical compounds, and drugs. The scaffold must provide a microenvironment with increased regenerative potential at the damage site. Magnetic nanoparticles are linked to an intrinsic magnetic field, and when they are incorporated into biomimetic scaffold structures, they can sustain osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and angiogenesis. Some studies have shown that combining ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic nanoparticles and external stimuli such as an electromagnetic field or laser light can enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis and even lead to cancer cell death. These therapies are based on in vitro and in vivo studies and could be included in clinical trials for large bone defect regeneration and cancer treatments in the near future. We highlight the scaffolds' main attributes and focus on natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials combined with magnetic nanoparticles and their production methods. Then, we underline the structural and morphological aspects of the magnetic scaffolds and their mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties. Great attention is devoted to the magnetic field effects on bone cells, biocompatibility, and osteogenic impact of the polymeric scaffolds reinforced with magnetic nanoparticles. We explain the biological processes activated due to magnetic particles' presence and underline their possible toxic effects. We present some studies regarding animal tests and potential clinical applications of magnetic polymeric scaffolds.
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Zamanifard M, Khorasani MT, Daliri M. Hybrid electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate/gelatin/laminin/polyaniline scaffold for nerve tissue engineering application: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro assay. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123738. [PMID: 36805505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread central nervous system injuries, treatment of these disorders is still an issue of concern due to the complexities. Natural recovery in these patients is rarely observed, which calls for developing new methods that address these problems. In this study, natural polymers of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and gelatin were electrospun into scaffolds and cross-linked. In order to modify the PHB-based scaffold for nerve tissue engineering, the scaffold surface was modified by exposure to the ammonium gas plasma under controlled conditions, and the laminin as a promoter for neural cells was coated on the sample surface. Then, polyaniline nanoparticles were inkjet-printed on a sample surface as parallel lines to induce the differentiation of stem cells into neural cells. Infrared spectroscopy, absorption of PBS, AFM, degradation rate, contact angle, electron microscopy and optical microscopy, thermal and mechanical behavior, and analysis of the viability of L929 cells were investigated for the scaffolds. The results showed gelatin decreased the contact angle from 106.2° to 38° and increased the residual weight after PBS incubation from 82 % to 38 %. The moduli of the scaffold increased from 8.78 MPa for pure PHB to 28.74 for the modified scaffold. In addition, performed methods increased cell viability from 69 % for PHB to 89 % for modified scaffold and also had a favorable effect on cell adhesion. Investigation of culturing P19 stem cells demonstrated that they successfully differentiated into neural cells. Results show that the scaffolds prepared in this study were promising for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamanifard
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Khorasani
- Biomaterials Department of Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. BOX 14965/159, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Daliri
- Department of Animal and Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahrak-e Pajoohesh Km 15, Tehran-Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Ahmad Dar S, Abd Al Galil FM. Biodegradation, Biosynthesis, Isolation, and Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. HANDBOOK OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS 2023:677-717. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-09710-2_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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20
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Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163430. [PMID: 36015686 PMCID: PMC9416295 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bone tissue is composed of calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite as the inorganic phase and collagen type I as the main organic phase. The biomimetic approach of scaffold development for bone tissue engineering application is focused on mimicking complex bone characteristics. Calcium phosphates are used in numerous studies as bioactive phases to mimic natural bone mineral. In order to mimic the organic phase, synthetic (e.g., poly(ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid)) and natural (e.g., alginate, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, silk) biodegradable polymers are used. However, as materials obtained from natural sources are accepted better by the human organism, natural polymers have attracted increasing attention. Over the last three decades, chitosan was extensively studied as a natural polymer suitable for biomimetic scaffold development for bone tissue engineering applications. Different types of chitosan-based biomaterials (e.g., molded macroporous, fiber-based, hydrogel, microspheres and 3D-printed) with specific properties for different regenerative applications were developed due to chitosan's unique properties. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of biomaterials for bone regeneration and relevant studies on chitosan-based materials and composites.
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21
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Henckes NAC, Chuang L, Bosak I, Carazzai R, Garcez T, Kuhl CP, de Oliveira FDS, Loureiro Dos Santos LA, Visioli F, Cirne-Lima EO. Tissue engineering application combining epoxidized natural rubber blend and mesenchymal stem cells in in vivo response. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:698-711. [PMID: 35733325 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221110476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate biocompatibility, integration, and tissue host response of the Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Poly (isoprene) (PI) epoxidized (PLGA/PIepox) innovative scaffold combined with adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC). We implanted the scaffold subcutaneously on the back of 18 female rats and monitored them for up to 14 days. When compared to controls, PLGA/PIepox + ADSC demonstrated an earlier vascularization, a tendency of inflammation reduction, an adequate tissue integration, higher cell proliferation, and a tendency of expression of collagen decreasing. However, 14 days post-implantation we found similar levels of CD31, Ki67 and AE1/AE3 in PLGA/PIepox when compared to control groups. The interesting results, lead us to the assumption that PLGA/PIepox is able to provide an effective delivery system for ADSC on tissue host. This animal study assesses PLGA/PIepox + ADSC in in vivo tissue functionality and validation of use, serving as a proof of concept for future clinical translation as it presents an innovative and promising tissue engineering opportunity for the use in tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Andréa Corbellini Henckes
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Chuang
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora Bosak
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carazzai
- Laboratório de Biomateriais e Cerâmicas Avançadas, Departamento de Materiais, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tuane Garcez
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Palma Kuhl
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Loureiro Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biomateriais e Cerâmicas Avançadas, Departamento de Materiais, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Unidade de Patologia Experimental - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Obino Cirne-Lima
- Laboratório de Embriologia e Diferenciação Celular - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, 37895Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, 28124Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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22
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Lopresti F, Liga A, Capuana E, Gulfi D, Zanca C, Inguanta R, Brucato V, La Carrubba V, Carfì Pavia F. Effect of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Concentration on Polymeric Scaffolds Based on Blends of Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) and PHA Prepared via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122494. [PMID: 35746069 PMCID: PMC9229920 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid porous scaffolds composed of both natural and synthetic biopolymers have demonstrated significant improvements in the tissue engineering field. This study investigates for the first time the fabrication route and characterization of poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds blended with polyhydroxyalkanoate up to 30 wt%. The hybrid scaffolds were prepared by a thermally induced phase separation method starting from ternary solutions. The microstructure of the hybrid porous structures was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and related to the blend composition. The porosity and the wettability of the scaffolds were evaluated through gravimetric and water contact angle measurements, respectively. The scaffolds were also characterized in terms of the surface chemical properties via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance. The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile tests, while the crystallinity of the PLLA/PHA scaffolds was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Antonio Liga
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Davide Gulfi
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Claudio Zanca
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Rosalinda Inguanta
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
- ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Francesco Carfì Pavia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (E.C.); (D.G.); (C.Z.); (R.I.); (V.B.); (F.C.P.)
- Consorzio Universitario di Caltanissetta, Corso Vittorio Emanuele 92, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
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Capuana E, Lopresti F, Ceraulo M, La Carrubba V. Poly-l-Lactic Acid (PLLA)-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine: A Review on Processing and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061153. [PMID: 35335484 PMCID: PMC8955974 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biopolymers are effective cues to replace damaged tissue in the tissue engineering (TE) field, both for in vitro and in vivo application. Among them, poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) has been highlighted as a biomaterial with tunable mechanical properties and biodegradability that allows for the fabrication of porous scaffolds with different micro/nanostructures via various approaches. In this review, we discuss the structure of PLLA, its main properties, and the most recent advances in overcoming its hydrophobic, synthetic nature, which limits biological signaling and protein absorption. With this aim, PLLA-based scaffolds can be exposed to surface modification or combined with other biomaterials, such as natural or synthetic polymers and bioceramics. Further, various fabrication technologies, such as phase separation, electrospinning, and 3D printing, of PLLA-based scaffolds are scrutinized along with the in vitro and in vivo applications employed in various tissue repair strategies. Overall, this review focuses on the properties and applications of PLLA in the TE field, finally affording an insight into future directions and challenges to address an effective improvement of scaffold properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuela Ceraulo
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
- ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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24
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Ahmad Dar S, Abd Al Galil FM. Biodegradation, Biosynthesis, Isolation, and Applications of Chitin and Chitosan. HANDBOOK OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS 2022:1-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_72-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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25
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Sukpaita T, Chirachanchai S, Pimkhaokham A, Ampornaramveth RS. Chitosan-Based Scaffold for Mineralized Tissues Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:551. [PMID: 34677450 PMCID: PMC8540467 DOI: 10.3390/md19100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional bone grafting procedures used to treat bone defects have several limitations. An important aspect of bone tissue engineering is developing novel bone substitute biomaterials for bone grafts to repair orthopedic defects. Considerable attention has been given to chitosan, a natural biopolymer primarily extracted from crustacean shells, which offers desirable characteristics, such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and osteoconductive. This review presents an overview of the chitosan-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE). It covers the basic knowledge of chitosan in terms of biomaterials, the traditional and novel strategies of the chitosan scaffold fabrication process, and their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this paper integrates the relevant contributions in giving a brief insight into the recent research development of chitosan-based scaffolds and their limitations in BTE. The last part of the review discusses the next-generation smart chitosan-based scaffold and current applications in regenerative dentistry and future directions in the field of mineralized tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerawat Sukpaita
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Suwabun Chirachanchai
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Bioresources Advanced Materials (B2A), The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Atiphan Pimkhaokham
- Bioresources Advanced Materials (B2A), The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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