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Küçükekenci AS, Dönmez MB, Dede DÖ, Çakmak G, Yilmaz B. Bond strength of recently introduced computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing resin-based crown materials to polyetheretherketone and titanium. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00500-6. [PMID: 39095214 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Several additively and subtractively manufactured resin-based materials indicated for interim and definitive fixed dental prostheses have been launched. However, knowledge of the bond strength of these materials to different implant abutment materials is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of additively and subtractively manufactured resin-based materials to different implant abutment materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and ten disk-shaped specimens (Ø3×3 mm) were fabricated either additively from 2 resins indicated for definitive use (Crowntec; AM_CT and VarseoSmile Crown Plus; AM_VS) and 1 resin indicated for interim use (FREEPRINT temp; AM_FP) or subtractively from a nanographene-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (G-CAM; SM_GC) and a high-impact polymer composite (breCAM.HIPC; SM_BC). After allocating 2 specimens from each group for scanning electron microscope evaluation, the specimens were divided according to the abutment material (CopraPeek; polyetheretherketone, PEEK and Dentium Superline Pre-Milled Abutment; titanium, Ti) (n=10). All specimens were airborne-particle abraded with 50-µm aluminum oxide. After applying a resin primer (Visio.link) to PEEK and an adhesive primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus) to Ti specimens, a self-adhesive resin cement (PANAVIA SA Cement Universal) was used for cementation. All specimens were stored in distilled water (24 hours, 37 °C), and a universal testing device was used for the SBS test. SBS data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests, while the chi-squared test was used to evaluate the difference among the abutment-resin pairs in terms of failure modes (α=.05). RESULTS The interaction between the material type and the abutment type and the main factor of material type affected the SBS (P<.001). SM_BC-PEEK and SM_GC had the lowest SBS followed by SM_BC-Ti, whereas AM_VS-PEEK had the highest SBS (P≤.001). AM_CT-Ti had higher SBS than AM_FP-PEEK (P=.026). SM_GC had the lowest and AM_VS had the highest SBS, while AM_CT and AM_FP had higher SBS than SM_BC (P≤.004). The distribution of failure modes was significantly different among tested material-abutment pairs, and only for AM_CT among tested materials (P≤.025). Most of the material-abutment pairs had a minimum of 80% adhesive failures. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the abutment material, additively manufactured specimens had higher bond strength and one of the subtractively manufactured materials (SM_GC) mostly had lower bond strength. The abutment material had a small effect on the bond strength. Adhesive failures were observed most frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Serkan Küçükekenci
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Dönmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey; and ITI Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Doğu Ömür Dede
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Senior Research Associate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Oyar P, Ulusoy M. Effect of milling procedures in CAD-CAM systems on the color changes of CAD-CAM polymethyl methacrylate resin material as interim material. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:618. [PMID: 38807102 PMCID: PMC11131249 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of new and used burs on CAD-CAM PMMA resin color changes following thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty disk-shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) were made using a single brand of CAD-CAM polymethyl methacrylate resin (Polident) for the color test. Group N consisted of half of the specimens that were machined using the new tungsten carbide bur set, and Group U consisted of the specimens that were milled using the used bur set (500 machining time). A color test was performed on the specimens both before and after thermocycling. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn Pairwise Comparison tests were employed. RESULTS The ∆E* value of specimens (2.057) milled with the used bur was higher than those of specimens milled with the new bur (0.340), but this value is within clinically acceptable limits. After thermocycling, specimens milled with the utilized burs had the greatest L* (93.850) and b* (5.000) values. After thermocycling, statistically significant differences were discovered between Group N and Group U as well as between specimens milled with the utilized bur before and after thermocycling. CONCLUSION Thermocycling process have an effect on the mean ∆E values of specimens milled with the used carbide bur, but these ∆E* values were not statistically significant. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The color and clinical performance of CAD-CAM restorations may be affected by variations in CAD-CAM milling bur properties, particularly those related to their frequent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Oyar
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology, Health Services Vocational High School, Hacettepe University, D Block, 3. Floor, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mutahhar Ulusoy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, 10, Turkey
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Dobrota CT, Florea AD, Racz CP, Tomoaia G, Soritau O, Avram A, Benea HRC, Rosoiu CL, Mocanu A, Riga S, Kun AZ, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. Dynamics of Dental Enamel Surface Remineralization under the Action of Toothpastes with Substituted Hydroxyapatite and Birch Extract. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2038. [PMID: 38730845 PMCID: PMC11084803 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
To address tooth enamel demineralization resulting from factors such as acid erosion, abrasion, and chronic illness treatments, it is important to develop effective daily dental care products promoting enamel preservation and surface remineralization. This study focused on formulating four toothpastes, each containing calcined synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) in distinct compositions, each at 4%, along with 1.3% birch extract. Substitution elements were introduced within the HAP structure to enhance enamel remineralization. The efficacy of each toothpaste formulation was evaluated for repairing enamel and for establishing the dynamic of the remineralization. This was performed by using an in vitro assessment of artificially demineralized enamel slices. The structural HAP features explored by XRD and enamel surface quality by AFM revealed notable restorative properties of these toothpastes. Topographic images and the self-assembly of HAP nanoparticles into thin films on enamel surfaces showcased the formulations' effectiveness. Surface roughness was evaluated through statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by post-test Bonferroni's multiple comparison test with a p value < 0.05 significance setting. Remarkably, enamel nanostructure normalization was observed within a short 10-day period of toothpaste treatment. Optimal remineralization for all toothpastes was reached after about 30 days of treatment. These toothpastes containing birch extract also have a dual function of mineralizing enamel while simultaneously promoting enamel health and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teodora Dobrota
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra-Diana Florea
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Csaba-Pal Racz
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu St., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Oncology Institute of Cluj-Napoca, 34-36 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Avram
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Horea-Rares-Ciprian Benea
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu St., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.T.)
| | - Cristina Lavinia Rosoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Sorin Riga
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Attila-Zsolt Kun
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Ortega NM, Revilla-León M, Ortega R, Gómez-Polo C, Barmak AB, Gómez-Polo M. Comparison of surface roughness of additively manufactured implant-supported interim crowns fabricated with different print orientations. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:141-148. [PMID: 36634341 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of print orientation on the surface roughness of implant-supported interim crowns manufactured by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS An implant-supported maxillary right premolar full-contour crown was obtained. The interim restoration design was used to fabricate 30 specimens with 3 print orientations (0, 45, and 90 degrees) using an interim resin material (GC Temp PRINT) and a DLP printer (Asiga MAX UV) (n = 10). The specimens were manufactured, and each was cemented to an implant abutment with autopolymerizing composite resin cement (Multilink Hybrid Abutment). Surface roughness was assessed on the buccal surface of the premolar specimen by using an optical measurement system (InfiniteFocusG5 plus). The data were analyzed with a Shapiro-Wilk test, resulting in a normal distribution. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD tests were selected (α = 0.05). RESULTS Statistically significant discrepancies were found in the surface roughness mean values among the groups tested (p < 0.001). The lowest mean ± standard deviation surface roughness was found with the 90-degree group (1.2 ± 0.36 μm), followed by the 0-degree orientation (2.23 ± 0.18 μm) and the 45-degree group (3.18 ± 0.31 μm). CONCLUSIONS Print orientation parameter significantly impacted the surface roughness of the implant-supported interim crowns manufactured by using the additive procedures tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martín Ortega
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rocío Ortega
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez-Polo
- Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Director of postgraduate program of Advanced in Implant-Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lee CG, Jin G, Lim JH, Liu Y, Afrashtehfar KI, Kim JE. Influence of hydrothermal aging on the shear bond strength of 3D printed denture-base resin to different relining materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 149:106221. [PMID: 37976994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the repairability of three-dimensional printed (3DP) denture bases based on different conventional relining materials and aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The groups for surface characterization (surface-roughness and contact-angle measurements) were divided based on the denture base and surface treatment. Shear bond strength test and failure-mode analysis were conducted by a combination of three variables: denture base, relining materials, and hydrothermal aging (HA). The initial characterization involved quantifying the surface roughness (n = 10) and contact angle (n = 10) of denture base specimens with and without sandblasting (SB) treatment. Four relining materials (Kooliner [K], Vertex Self-Curing [V], Tokuyama Rebase II (Normal) [T], and Ufi Gel Hard [U]) were applied to 3DP, heat-cured (HC), and self-cured (SC) denture-base resin specimens. Shear bond strength (n = 15) and failure-mode analyses (n = 15) were performed before and after HA, along with evaluations of the fractured surfaces (n = 4). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for surface characterization, and a three-way ANOVA was conducted for shear bond strength. RESULTS The surface roughness peaked in HC groups and increased after SB. The 3DP group displayed significantly lower contact angles, which increased after treatment, similar to the surface roughness. The shear bond strength was significantly lower for 3DP and HC denture bases than for SC denture bases, and peaked for U at 10.65 ± 1.88 MPa (mean ± SD). HA decreased the shear bond strength relative to untreated samples. Furthermore, 3DP, HC, and SC mainly showed mixed or cohesive failures with V, T, and U. K, on the other hand, trended toward adhesive failures when bonded with HC and SC. CONCLUSION This study has validated the repairability of 3DP dentures through relining them with common materials used in clinical practice. The repairability of the 3DP denture base was on par with that of conventional materials, but it decreased after aging. Notably, U, which had a postadhesive application, proved to be the most effective material for repairing 3DP dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Gyu Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwa Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, University Street, Al Jerf 1, 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Alhamdan MM. Application of Laser Treatment in Adhesive Bonding of Liners to Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:608-621. [PMID: 37910776 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the influence of laser treatment on adhesive bonding of liners to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resins. Methods: The focused question was: "Does the application of laser treatment (Intervention) influence the adhesive bonding strength (Outcome) of liners to PMMA denture base resins (Population) as compared with untreated or unconditioned surfaces (Control)?" In vitro and clinical reports as well as reports on influence of laser treatments on bonding strength of liners to PMMA denture resins in comparison with untreated surfaces were included. Reports without any control group[s], without any application of laser[s] for PMMA denture bases that did not utilize PMMA denture bases, and not evaluate bond strength of PMMA denture base resins were excluded. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Meta-analyses were performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Nine of the 12 included studies found that laser irradiation treatment produced significant surface texture alterations of the PMMA denture base and improved the adhesion between the PMMA denture base and soft lining. According to the meta-analysis, tensile bond strength showed an SMD of -2.49% (95% CI: -3.89 to -1.08; p = 0.0005), suggesting a statistically significant difference between the control and test groups (i.e., favoring laser-treated samples than untreated samples). Regarding shear bond strength scores, the outcomes showed an SMD of -2.24% (95% CI: -3.79 to -0.69; p = 0.005), suggesting a statistically significant difference between the control and test groups (i.e., favoring laser-treated samples than untreated samples). Conclusions: Despite the high heterogeneity among the included studies, it can be concluded that laser treatment might improve the bonding strengths of liners to PMMA denture base resins as compared with untreated surfaces. To validate the aforementioned conclusions, further verification is required through the implementation of well-designed randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Alhamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Raffaini JC, Soares EJ, Oliveira RFDL, Vivanco RG, Amorim AA, Pereira ALC, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of artificial aging on mechanical and physical properties of CAD-CAM PMMA resins for occlusal splints. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:227-237. [PMID: 37936836 PMCID: PMC10625884 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.5.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess and compare the color stability, flexural strength (FS), and surface roughness of occlusal splints fabricated from heat-cured acrylic resin, milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based resin, and 3D-printed (PMMA) based-resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of each type of resin were obtained, and baseline measurements of color and surface roughness were recorded. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10) and subjected to distinct aging protocols: thermomechanical cycling (TMC), simulated brushing (SB), and control (without aging). Final assessments of color and surface roughness and three-point bending test (ODM100; Odeme) were conducted, and data were statistically analyzed (2-way ANOVA, Tukey, P <.05). RESULTS Across all resin types, the most significant increase in surface roughness (Ra) was observed after TMC (P < .05), with the 3D-printed resin exhibiting the lowest Ra (P < .05). After brushing, milled resin displayed the highest Ra (P < .05) and greater color alteration (ΔE00) compared to 3D-printed resin. The most substantial ΔE00 was recorded after brushing for all resins, except for heat-cured resin subjected to TMC. Regardless of aging, milled resin exhibited the highest FS (P < .05), except when compared to 3D-printed resin subjected to TMC. Heat-cured resin exposed to TMC demonstrated the lowest FS, different (P < .05) from the control. Under control conditions, milled resin exhibited the highest FS, different (P < .05) from the brushed group. 3D-printed resin subjected to TMC displayed the highest FS (P < .05). CONCLUSION Among the tested resins, 3D-printed resin demonstrated superior longevity, characterized by minimal surface roughness and color alterations. Aging had a negligible impact on its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Correa Raffaini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jose Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Franco de Lima Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Karaoğlanoğlu S, Aydın N, Oktay EA, Ersöz B. Comparison of the Surface Properties of 3D-printed Permanent Restorative Resins and Resin-based CAD/CAM Blocks. Oper Dent 2023; 48:588-598. [PMID: 37635458 DOI: 10.2341/23-006-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness, microhardness, and color changes of resin-based computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins in different beverages. METHODS AND MATERIALS Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart 270 and Grandio Blocs) and 3D-printed permanent restorative resins (Crowntec and Permanent Crown) were used in this study. A total of 96 specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins. The initial surface roughness, microhardness, and shade value of the specimens were measured. Then, the specimens prepared from each material were divided into three subgroups (n=8) and immersed in tea, coffee, and distilled water for 30 days. After the specimens were immersed in the beverages, the surface roughness, microhardness, and tone values were measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance test (p<0.05). RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in the surface roughness values of the resin-based CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed resins (p<0.05). Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks showed statistically significantly higher microhardness than 3D-printed permanent resins (p<0.05). Although the color changes in 3D-printed resins in tea and coffee were similar to those in resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the first and seventh days, more color changes appeared in the 3D-printed resins after 30 days. The surface roughness and microhardness values of the specimens submerged in tea, coffee, and distilled water showed no statistically significant changes (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although the surface roughness of 3D-printed permanent resins was similar to that of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, they had a lower microhardness value. Moreover, 3D-printed permanent resins showed more color changes in tea and coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karaoğlanoğlu
- Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - N Aydın
- *Numan Aydın, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E A Oktay
- Elif Aybala Oktay, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Ersöz
- Bilge Ersöz, DDS, PhD, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Ankara, Turkey
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Dasaesamoh A, Khotmungkhun K, Subannajui K. Natural Rigid and Hard Plastic Fabricated from Elastomeric Degradation of Natural Rubber Composite with Ultra-High Magnesium Carbonate Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3078. [PMID: 37514467 PMCID: PMC10384260 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that natural rubber is an elastomeric polymer; hence, the main uses are usually limited to soft applications. For the process to reverse the elastomeric effect of natural rubber to obtain rigid plastic from a natural material, an ultra-high amount of magnesium carbonate particles was added to the natural rubber to study the effect of magnesium carbonate in the reduction of elastomeric properties. High magnesium carbonate ratios of 80-180 phr were mixed in the natural rubber in the latex form to maximize the mixing capability since it was more difficult to achieve these mixture ratios with only two roll mill or extruder processes. The more magnesium carbonate powders in the composite, the higher torques were measured from the moving die rheometer (MDR) test. The powder was thoroughly mixed inside the composite, which was observed from energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) mapping; however, the matrix of composites was filled with porosity due to the CO2 formation when latex with magnesium carbonate was assimilated with acid during the vulcanization process. The strength of the composite dropped, and the elongations were shortened. On the other hand, the hardness of composites was drastically increased. The composite lost the elastomeric property, and the hard natural rubber composites were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedeen Dasaesamoh
- Material Science and Engineering Program, School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kittikhun Khotmungkhun
- Material Science and Engineering Program, School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Subannajui
- Material Science and Engineering Program, School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kongkiatkamon S, Rokaya D, Kengtanyakich S, Peampring C. Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15669. [PMID: 37465158 PMCID: PMC10351515 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of all-ceramic/zirconia restorations, are becoming popular restorative materials in restorative and prosthetic dentistry choices for aesthetic and biological reasons. Dental zirconia has increased over the past years producing wide varieties of zirconia for prosthetic restorations in dentistry. At present, literature is lacking on the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Currently, no article has the latest information on the various zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this article is to present an overview of recent dental zirconia biomaterials and tends to classify the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. This article is useful for dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, academicians, and researchers in the field of dental zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Kongkiatkamon
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Santiphab Kengtanyakich
- Prosthodontic Section, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Chaimongkon Peampring
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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11
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Alageel O, Alhijji S, Alsadon O, Alsarani M, Gomawi AA, Alhotan A. Trueness, Flexural Strength, and Surface Properties of Various Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Interim Restorative Materials after Accelerated Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3040. [PMID: 37514429 PMCID: PMC10384054 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various 3D printing systems for interim fixed dental restorations are commercially available. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of 3D printed resins used for interim restorations fabricated using various 3D printing systems and printing angulations after accelerated aging. Three different interim restorative materials were provided and printed using their specific 3D printing systems (A: NextDent; B: Asiga; C: Nova3D), and the testing specimens from each system were printed at two building angles: (1) 0° and (2) 90°. The six groups were A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2, with sixteen specimens per group. Half of the specimens in each group (N = 8) were subjected to accelerated aging, including simulated brushing and thermocycling. Three-point bending, surface roughness, and Vickers microhardness tests were performed. Two-way ANOVA and Fisher's multiple tests were used for statistical analyses. The most accurate systems were found in groups C1 and C2 for length, A1 and B1 for width, and A1 and C1 for height. The specimen trueness only changed after aging for groups B1, B2, and C1. The flexural strength of the A2 group (151 ± 7 MPa) before aging was higher than that of the other groups, and the strength decreased after aging only for groups A1 and A2. The flexural strength, microhardness, and surface roughness of the 3D printed interim resins after aging varied depending on the material, system used, and printing angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alageel
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alhijji
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsadon
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alsarani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Alzahrani SJ, Hajjaj MS, Azhari AA, Ahmed WM, Yeslam HE, Carvalho RM. Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Provisional Resin Materials for Crown and Fixed Dental Prosthesis: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:663. [PMID: 37370594 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of digital dentistry has led to the introduction of various three-dimensional (3D) printing materials in the market, specifically for provisional fixed restoration. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review of the published literature on the Mechanical Properties of 3D- Printed Provisional Resin Materials for crown and fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). The electronic database on PubMed/Medline was searched for relevant studies. The search retrieved articles that were published from January 2011 to March 2023. The established focus question was: "Do provisional 3D-printed materials have better mechanical properties than conventional or milled provisional materials?". The systematically extracted data included the researcher's name(s), publication year, evaluation method, number of samples, types of materials, and study outcome. A total of 19 studies were included in this systematic review. These studies examined different aspects of the mechanical properties of 3D-printed provisional materials. Flexural Strength and Microhardness were the frequently used mechanical testing. Furthermore, 3D-printed provisional restorations showed higher hardness, smoother surfaces, less wear volume loss, and higher wear resistance compared to either milled or conventional, or both. 3D-printed provisional resin materials appear to be a promising option for fabricating provisional crowns and FDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed J Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher S Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Ahmed Azhari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Magdy Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin E Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ricardo Marins Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V63 1Z3, Canada
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Ellakany P, Fouda SM, AlGhamdi MA, Aly NM. Comparison of the color stability and surface roughness of 3-unit provisional fixed partial dentures fabricated by milling, conventional and different 3D printing fabrication techniques. J Dent 2023; 131:104458. [PMID: 36806621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the color stability and surface roughness of 3-unit provisional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated by milling, conventional, and different 3D printing fabrication techniques. METHODS A total sample of 160, 3-unit FPDs were subdivided into four groups; subtractive milled resin (SM), two 3D printed resins (Stereolithography; SLA and Digital Light Processing; DLP) and conventional self-cured polymethyl methacrylate resin (CM). Surface roughness (Ra) was assessed twice; at baseline (Ra1) and after artificial tooth brushing (Ra2). Color of the samples was measured after immersion in four different solutions (cola, coffee, black tea and distilled water) at three time intervals (1, 7 and 30 days). Comparisons of the Ra and the color change (∆E00) were done using one-way ANOVA followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjusted significance level. Comparisons of the Ra at two stages (Ra1 and Ra2) were done using paired t-test. Univariate linear regression was performed followed by multivariable regression to assess the association between ∆E00 and different factors (materials, solution, and time). Significance was set at P value <0.05. RESULTS The highest change in Ra following artificial tooth brushing was reported in the CM group, while the lowest change was reported in the SM group, with a significant difference between both groups (P<0.001). SM group had significantly lower ∆E00 than the CM group followed by 3D printed SLA and DLP groups (P<0.001). Storage in coffee for 30 days showed the highest ∆E00 values (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SM resin showed the least surface roughness and color change followed by 3D printed SLA resin. The difference in printing technology affected the tested properties with improved readings of 3D printed SLA resin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Milled provisional FPDs showed higher surface smoothness and color stability than those fabricated by SLA printing technology, but with no significant difference between both groups. Therefore, SLA printed resins can be an adequate substitute to milled resins in the fabrication of provisional FPDs to overcome the high expenses of milled provisional FPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram A AlGhamdi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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14
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Alkhateeb RI, Algaoud HS, Aldamanhori RB, Alshubaili RR, Alalawi H, Gad MM. Fracture Load of 3D-Printed Interim Three-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses: Impact of Printing Orientation and Post-Curing Time. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071737. [PMID: 37050351 PMCID: PMC10097162 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fracture resistance of 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs) fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) additive technology with different printing parameters is neglected. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of different printing orientations and different post-curing times on the fracture resistance of 3-unit IFDPs fabricated from two three-dimensional (3D) printed resins, NextDent, C&B (CB), ASIGA, and DentaTOOTH. A 3-unit dye was scanned, and an IFDP was designed. A total of 300 specimens (150/materials, n = 10) were printed and divided into three groups according to printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) per material. Each orientation was subdivided into five groups (n = 10) considering the post-curing time (green state as control, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). All specimens underwent thermocycling (5000 cycles). Each specimen was fitted onto the die and loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine with a loading rate of 1 m/min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). The result showed that printing orientation had a significant effect on the fracture load for both ASIGA and NextDent materials (p < 0.05). The highest fracture load was recorded with 45° orientation, followed by 0° orientation and 90° orientation showed the lowest values per respective post-curing time. Post-curing time increased the fracture load (p < 0.05). Post-curing time had a positive effect on the fracture load. As the post-curing time increased, the fracture resistance load increased (p < 0.05), with 90 and 120 min showing the highest fracture load. The 0° and 45° printing orientations have a high fracture load for 3D-printed IFDPs, and an increased post-curing time is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I. Alkhateeb
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel S. Algaoud
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rand B. Aldamanhori
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rand R. Alshubaili
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haidar Alalawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Color stability, surface roughness and flexural strength of additively manufactured and milled interim restorative materials after aging. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00778-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Alageel O, Alsadon O, Almansour H, Alshehri A, Alhabbad F, Alsarani M. Assessment of effect of accelerated aging on interim fixed dental materials using digital technologies. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:360-368. [PMID: 36685789 PMCID: PMC9832148 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.6.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the physical and mechanical properties of interim crown materials fabricated using various digital techniques after accelerated aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of interim dental restorative materials (N = 20) were tested. The first group (CO) was fabricated using a conventional manual method. The second group (ML) was prepared from prefabricated resin blocks for the milling method and cut into specimen sizes using a cutting disc. The third group (3D) was additively manufactured using a digital light-processing (DLP) 3D printer. Aging acceleration treatments using toothbrushing and thermocycling simulators were applied to half of the specimens corresponding to three years of usage in the oral environment (N = 10). Surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness, 3-point bending, sorption, and solubility tests were performed. A 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's multiple comparison test were used to compare the results among the groups. RESULTS The mean surface roughness (Ra) of the resin after accelerated aging was significantly higher in the CO and ML groups than that before aging, but not in the 3D group. All groups showed reduced hardness after accelerated aging. The flexural strength values were highest in the 3D group, followed by the ML and CO groups after accelerated aging. Accelerated aging significantly reduced water sorption in the ML group. CONCLUSION According to the tested material and 3D printer type, both 3D-printed and milled interim restoration resins showed higher flexural strength and modulus, and lower surface roughness than those prepared by the conventional method after accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alageel
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alsadon
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Almansour
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshehri
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Alhabbad
- Dental University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alsarani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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de Castro EF, Nima G, Rueggeberg FA, Giannini M. Effect of build orientation in accuracy, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and microhardness of 3D-Printed resins for provisional restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105479. [PMID: 36279743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effects of 3D-printing build orientation on accuracy, flexural modulus (FM), flexural strength (FS), and microhardness of selected, commercial 3D-printed provisional resins (3DRs). MATERIAL AND METHODS PMMA CAD/CAM provisional material (Vita Temp/Vita) served as Control. Four 3DRs (Cosmos-SLA/Yller, Cosmos-DLP/Yller, PriZma-Bioprov/Makertech, Nanolab/Wilcos) were used in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°). Printed samples were cleaned with isopropyl alcohol prior to post-curing in specific post-curing units. For each group, 20 bar-shaped samples (25 × 2x2 mm) and ten disc-shaped samples (15-mm diameter, 2.5-mm thick) were obtained. The dimensions of bar samples were measured and the mean percent errors were compared to the reference (digital) values to obtain "accuracy" (n = 20). Samples were then aged in distilled water at 37 °C and half were submitted to a three-point bend test in a universal testing machine after 24 h and the other half after 1 year (n = 10). Disc samples were polished prior to microhardness evaluation (n = 10). Microstructure and elemental composition of filler particles in the 3DRs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (n = 3). Accuracy and microhardness were submitted to two way-, and FM and FS to three way-ANOVA, followed by Tukey's tests. Results of experimental groups were compared to a milled PMMA Control using Dunnett's tests, and Student's t-tests compared FM and FS to Control at different aging periods (α = 0.05). RESULTS Except for Cosmos-DLP, the 90° orientation demonstrated the best overall accuracy in all dimensions evaluated. The overall accuracy of Cosmos-SLA was not significantly different from Control and higher than other 3DRs. The FM of all 3DRs was lower than Control, regardless of orientation and aging period. After 1 year of aging, FS of 45°-Cosmos-SLA and all orientations of PriZma were not different from Control, while 90°-Cosmos-SLA was higher. Build orientation had no influence on microhardness of the 3DRs: Nanolab was the only resin harder than Control. Very few nanometric spherical filler particles were found in Cosmos-SLA, Cosmos-DLP, and PriZma, while Nanolab presented higher number of particles having irregular shapes and sizes. CONCLUSIONS In general, although build orientation did not influence microhardness results, the 90° -orientation resulted in the best overall accuracy for most 3DRs. After 1-year water storage, Cosmos-SLA printed vertically showed the highest FS, while the PMMA Control obtained the highest FM for both aging periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F de Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Frederick A Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Alam M, Chugh A, Kumar A, Rathee M, Jain P. Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of anterior provisional restorations fabricated using conventional and digital techniques - An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:361-367. [PMID: 36511070 PMCID: PMC9709869 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_547_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Comparative evaluation of the fracture resistance of anterior provisional crowns fabricated by conventional and digital techniques. Settings and Design Department of Prosthodontic, PGIDS, Rohtak, An in-vitro - Comparative study. Materials and Methods Thirty recently extracted maxillary central incisors were handpicked. Tooth preparation was done according to the principles of tooth preparation. A single-step impression technique was used for impression making of the prepared tooth and stone models were poured. Extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each) based on provisional crown fabrication technique. A bis-acryl-based (Protemp 4 3M ESPE) resin was used to fabricate the provisional crowns by the conventional indirect technique. The rest of the stone models (20) were scanned using lab scanner (Dentsply Sirona InLab EOS X5). CAD/CAM provisional material (Dentsply Sirona multilayer PolyMethyl Methacrylate) PMMA disc was used for fabrication of provisional restoration through milling technique. 3D printed temporary provisional material (NextDent C&B resin) was utilized for 3D printed provisional crowns. Cementation of provisional crowns was done using eugenol free temporary luting cement (Templute, Prime dental). All cemented provisional crowns were subjected to load under Universal Testing Machine. The maximum load to produce fracture for each specimen was recorded in Newton (N). Statistical Analysis Used Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to test the normality of data. Kruskal- Wallis Test was used to compare the mean fracture resistance between all the groups. For intergroup comparison Mann-Whitney U Test was used. Results The mean fracture resistance of group I (Conventional technique) was found to be 558.8459700 ± 22.33 N; for group II (CAD/CAM technique) 960.8427200 ± 37.49 N and for group III (3D Printed technique) 1243.1774000 ± 68.18 N. Group I had the least fracture resistance value while group III showed maximum value. Conclusion Provisional crowns fabricated using 3-D printing technique showed higher fracture resistance followed by CAD/CAM technique and conventional technique. Additive manufacturing of provisional crowns using 3-D printing technique could be considered a reliable and conservative method for the fabrication of stronger provisional restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqbul Alam
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anshul Chugh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Manu Rathee
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Prachi Jain
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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19
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Ellakany P, Fouda SM, Mahrous AA, AlGhamdi MA, Aly NM. Influence of CAD/CAM Milling and 3D-Printing Fabrication Methods on the Mechanical Properties of 3-Unit Interim Fixed Dental Prosthesis after Thermo-Mechanical Aging Process. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194103. [PMID: 36236050 PMCID: PMC9572976 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of CAD/CAM milling and 3D-printing fabrication methods on mechanical properties of 3-unit interim fixed dental prosthesis (IFDPs) after thermo-mechanical aging. Forty 3-unit IFDPs were fabricated on a mandibular right second premolar and second molar of a typodont cast. Samples were fabricated from the following materials; auto-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (conventional resin), CAD/CAM PMMA (milled resin) and two different CAD/CAM 3D-printed composite resins; digital light processing Asiga (DLP AS) and stereolithography NextDent (SLA ND). Mechanical properties were compared between the studied materials using Kruskal−Wallis test, followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjusted significance. There was a significant difference in flexural strength and microhardness between the studied materials (p < 0.001), with the highest mean ± SD reported in the milled IFDPs (174.42 ± 3.39, 27.13 ± 0.52), and the lowest in the conventional IFDPs (98.02 ± 6.1, 15.77 ± 0.32). Flexural strengths differed significantly between the conventional IFDPs and all materials except DLP AS. The highest elastic modulus was recorded in the milled group, and the lowest in the SLA ND group (p = 0.02). In conclusion, superior flexural strength, elastic modulus, and hardness were reported for milled IFDPs. SLA ND printed IFDPs showed comparable mechanical properties to milled ones except for the elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-547812107
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr A. Mahrous
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
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Bayrak GD, Yaman-Dosdogru E, Selvi-Kuvvetli S. The Effect of Two Different Light-Curing Units and Curing Times on Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1885. [PMID: 35567054 PMCID: PMC9104037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different light-curing units and curing times on the surface microhardness (SMH), compressive strength (CS), and volumetric shrinkage (VS) of four restorative materials (FiltekTM Z250, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior, Beautifil® Bulk Restorative, ACTIVATM BioACTIVE). For all tests, each material was divided into two groups depending on the curing unit (Woodpecker LED-E and CarboLED), and each curing unit group was further divided into two subgroups according to curing time (10 s and 20 s). SMH was evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, CS was tested using a universal testing machine, and VS was measured using video imaging. In all the restorative materials cured with Woodpecker LED-E, the 20 s subgroup demonstrated significantly higher SMH values than the 10 s subgroup. In both light-curing time subgroups, the CarboLED group showed significantly higher CS values than the Woodpecker LED-E group for all restorative materials except FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior cured for 20 s. ACTIVATM BioACTIVE showed significantly greater volumetric change than the other restorative materials. A higher curing light intensity and longer curing time had a positive effect on the SMH and CS of the restorative materials tested in this study. On the other hand, curing unit and time did not show a significant effect on the VS values of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Deniz Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Bagdat Cd. No. 238, Istanbul 34728, Turkey; (E.Y.-D.); (S.S.-K.)
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Pantea M, Ciocoiu RC, Greabu M, Ripszky Totan A, Imre M, Țâncu AMC, Sfeatcu R, Spînu TC, Ilinca R, Petre AE. Compressive and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed and Conventional Resins Designated for Interim Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vitro Comparison. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093075. [PMID: 35591410 PMCID: PMC9104158 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A provisionalization sequence is essential for obtaining a predictable final prosthetic outcome. An assessment of the mechanical behavior of interim prosthetic materials could orient clinicians towards selecting an appropriate material for each clinical case. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the mechanical behavior—with compressive and three-point flexural tests—of certain 3D-printed and conventional resins used to obtain interim fixed dental prostheses. Four interim resin materials were investigated: two 3D-printed resins and two conventional resins (an auto-polymerized resin and a pressure/heat-cured acrylic resin). Cylindrically shaped samples (25 × 25 mm/diameter × height) were obtained for the compression tests and bar-shaped samples (80 × 20 × 5 mm/length × width × thickness) were produced for the flexural tests, observing the producers’ recommendations. The resulting 40 resin samples were subjected to mechanical tests using a universal testing machine. Additionally, a fractographic analysis of failed samples in bending was performed. The results showed that the additive manufactured samples exhibited higher elastic moduli (2.4 ± 0.02 GPa and 2.6 ± 0.18 GPa) than the conventional samples (1.3 ± 0.19 GPa and 1.3 ± 0.38 GPa), as well as a higher average bending strength (141 ± 17 MPa and 143 ± 15 MPa) when compared to the conventional samples (88 ± 10 MPa and 76 ± 7 MPa); the results also suggested that the materials were more homogenous when produced via additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Pantea
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 20221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (T.C.S.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Robert Cătălin Ciocoiu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.Ț.); (R.S.)
| | - Ruxandra Sfeatcu
- Department of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei Street, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.Ț.); (R.S.)
| | - Tudor Claudiu Spînu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 20221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (T.C.S.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei Street, 010221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Eugen Petre
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 20221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (T.C.S.); (A.E.P.)
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Santos EO, Oliveira PLE, de Mello TP, dos Santos ALS, Elias CN, Choi SH, de Castro ACR. Surface Characteristics and Microbiological Analysis of a Vat-Photopolymerization Additive-Manufacturing Dental Resin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:425. [PMID: 35057143 PMCID: PMC8781660 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of additive manufacturing in dentistry implies the further investigation into oral micro-organism adhesion and biofilm formation on vat-photopolymerization (VP) dental resins. The surface characteristics and microbiological analysis of a VP dental resin, printed at resolutions of 50 μm (EG-50) and 100 μm (EG-100), were evaluated against an auto-polymerizing acrylic resin (CG). Samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, a scanning white-light interferometer, and analyzed for Candida albicans (CA) and Streptococcus mutans (SM) biofilm, as well as antifungal and antimicrobial activity. EG-50 and EG-100 exhibited more irregular surfaces and statistically higher mean (Ra) and root-mean-square (rms) roughness (EG-50-Ra: 2.96 ± 0.32 µm; rms: 4.05 ± 0.43 µm/EG-100-Ra: 3.76 ± 0.58 µm; rms: 4.79 ± 0.74 µm) compared to the CG (Ra: 0.52 ± 0.36 µm; rms: 0.84 ± 0.54 µm) (p < 0.05). The biomass and extracellular matrix production by CA and SM and the metabolic activity of SM were significantly decreased in EG-50 and EG-100 compared to CG (p < 0.05). CA and SM growth was inhibited by the pure unpolymerized VP resin (48 h). EG-50 and EG-100 recorded a greater irregularity, higher surface roughness, and decreased CA and SM biofilm formation over the CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericles Otávio Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941617, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Lima Emmerich Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Escola Superior São Francisco de Assis, Santa Teresa 29650000, ES, Brazil;
| | - Thaís Pereira de Mello
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil; (T.P.d.M.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
| | - André Luis Souza dos Santos
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, RJ, Brazil; (T.P.d.M.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Nelson Elias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro 22290270, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Amanda Cunha Regal de Castro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941617, RJ, Brazil;
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Properties of CAD/CAM 3D Printing Dental Materials and Their Clinical Applications in Orthodontics: Where Are We Now? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, both medicine and dentistry have come across a revolution represented by the introduction of more and more digital technologies for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology consisting of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflow, which allows the substitution of many materials with digital data. This process requires three fundamental steps represented by the digitalization of an item through a scanner, the editing of the data acquired using a software, and the manufacturing technology to transform the digital data into a final product, respectively. This narrative review aims to discuss the recent introduction in dentistry of the abovementioned digital workflow. The main advantages and disadvantages of the process will be discussed, along with a brief description of the possible applications on orthodontics.
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