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Taharuddin NH, Jumaidin R, Mansor MR, Hazrati KZ, Hafila KZ, Md Yusof FA. Synergistic effect of Hylocereus polyrhizus (dragon fruit) peel on physicomechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties of thermoplastic sago starch/agar composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133852. [PMID: 39025171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The potential of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel (HPP) as a new eco-friendly reinforcement for thermoplastic sago starch/agar composite (TPSS/agar) was investigated. The integration of HPP into TPSS/agar composite aimed to enhance its mechanical and thermal characteristics. The study employed Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), as well as mechanical, physical properties and soil burial testing to analyse the composites. The results showed a favourable miscibility between the matrix and filler, while at higher concentrations of HPP, the starch granules became more visible. The tensile and impact properties of the composites improved significantly after incorporating HPP at 20 wt%, with values of 12.73 MPa and 1.87 kJ/m2, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and initial decomposition temperature (Ton) decreased with the addition of HPP. The density of the composites reduced from 1.51 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.01 g/cm3 as the HPP amount increased. The environmental properties indicated that the composites can be composted, with weight loss accelerating from 35 to 60 % and 61 to 91 % by the addition of HPP in 2- and 4-weeks' time, respectively. The study demonstrates the potential of TPSS/agar/HPP composites as eco-friendly materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hanan Taharuddin
- Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia; German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Industri dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Muhd Ridzuan Mansor
- Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - K Z Hazrati
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Z Hafila
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia
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Islam MR, Karim FE, Al Hasan A, Afrose TD, Hasan MS, Sikdar H, Siddique AB, Begum HA. Sustainable development of three distinct starch based bio-composites reinforced with the cotton spinning waste collected from fiber preparation stage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31534. [PMID: 38818141 PMCID: PMC11137591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Composites are new materials that combine two or more distinct components with diverse properties to create a new material with improved properties. The goal of this endeavor was to use fiber preparation wastes, or waste from cotton spinning mill blow room and carding, to produce bio composites based on starch. The matrix was prepared using the starches of potatoes, maize, and arrowroot, and any remaining reinforcing material was used. A hand layup technique was used to make the bio-composites. Tensile, bending, density, water absorbency, and SEM testing were among the studies used to illustrate the starch-based biodegradable materials. The maximum tensile strength of 0.49 MPa is displayed by sample AB. The resistive bending force of 3.71 MPa is greatest in Sample AB. The most uniform combination of reinforcing material (wastage cotton) and matrix is seen in PB's SEM picture. Among the samples, AB had the greatest density value, measuring 0.35 g/cm3. The sample PC had the highest absorption findings in both water and the 5 % HCl combination because carding waste had more fiber than blow room and fiber absorbs more water. The resultant bio-composites made of starch had the potential to replace Styrofoam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Redwanul Islam
- Department of Textile Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida-E- Karim
- Department of Textile Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), Bangladesh
| | - Asif Al Hasan
- Department of Textile Engineering, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Bangladesh
| | - Tawsisa Dil Afrose
- Department of Textile Engineering, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sakib Hasan
- Department of Textile Engineering, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Bangladesh
| | - Hasib Sikdar
- Department of Textile Engineering, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Bangladesh
| | - Abu Bakr Siddique
- Department of Textile Engineering, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Bangladesh
| | - Hosne Ara Begum
- Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX), Bangladesh
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Šárka E, Sinica A, Smrčková P, Sluková M. Non-Traditional Starches, Their Properties, and Applications. Foods 2023; 12:3794. [PMID: 37893687 PMCID: PMC10606120 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review paper focuses on the recent advancements in the large-scale and laboratory-scale isolation, modification, and characterization of novel starches from accessible botanical sources and food wastes. When creating a new starch product, one should consider the different physicochemical changes that may occur. These changes include the course of gelatinization, the formation of starch-lipids and starch-protein complexes, and the origin of resistant starch (RS). This paper informs about the properties of individual starches, including their chemical structure, the size and crystallinity of starch granules, their thermal and pasting properties, their swelling power, and their digestibility; in particular, small starch granules showed unique properties. They can be utilized as fat substitutes in frozen desserts or mayonnaises, in custard due to their smooth texture, in non-food applications in biodegradable plastics, or as adsorbents. The low onset temperature of gelatinization (detected by DSC in acorn starch) is associated with the costs of the industrial processes in terms of energy and time. Starch plays a crucial role in the food industry as a thickening agent. Starches obtained from ulluco, winter squash, bean, pumpkin, quinoa, and sweet potato demonstrate a high peak viscosity (PV), while waxy rice and ginger starches have a low PV. The other analytical methods in the paper include laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopies. Native, "clean-label" starches from new sources could replace chemically modified starches due to their properties being similar to common commercially modified ones. Human populations, especially in developed countries, suffer from obesity and civilization diseases, a reduction in which would be possible with the help of low-digestible starches. Starch with a high RS content was discovered in gelatinized lily (>50%) and unripe plantains (>25%), while cooked lily starch retained low levels of rapidly digestible starch (20%). Starch from gorgon nut processed at high temperatures has a high proportion of slowly digestible starch. Therefore, one can include these types of starches in a nutritious diet. Interesting industrial materials based on non-traditional starches include biodegradable composites, edible films, and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evžen Šárka
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
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Jumaidin R, Whang LY, Ilyas RA, Hazrati KZ, Hafila KZ, Jamal T, Alia RA. Effect of durian peel fiber on thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation characteristics of thermoplastic cassava starch composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126295. [PMID: 37573912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on developing and enhancing the properties of durian peel fiber (DPF) reinforced thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) composites. The proposed DPF was extracted from agro-waste and incorporated into TPCS with various contents of DPF (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) via compression molding. The mechanical and thermal characteristics of the fabricated composites were studied. The thermal properties of the biocomposite were improved with the addition of DPF, as evidenced by an increase in the material's thermal stability and indicated by a higher onset decomposition temperature. The integration of DPF into TPCS improved the biodegradation rate process of the composites. Besides, the results indicated that incorporating DPF in TPCS composites enhanced tensile and flexural properties, with a 40 wt% DPF content exhibited the highest modulus and strength. The tensile and flexural strengths of TPCS/DPF composites were raised significantly from 2.96 to 21.89 MPa and 2.5 to 35.0 MPa, respectively, compared to the control TPCS sample, as DPF increased from 0 to 40 wt%. This finding was consistent with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron micrograph (SEM), which showed good interaction between DPF and TPCS matrix. The analysis revealed that DPF at a 40 wt% ratio was the best composition compared to the other ratio. Finally, based on improved results, DPF was identified as a potential resource of green reinforcement for the biodegradable TPCS matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Low Yong Whang
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - R A Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - K Z Hazrati
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Z Hafila
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tarique Jamal
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R A Alia
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, P.O. Box: 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Homthawornchoo W, Hakimi NFSM, Romruen O, Rawdkuen S. Dragon Fruit Peel Extract Enriched-Biocomposite Wrapping Film: Characterization and Application on Coconut Milk Candy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020404. [PMID: 36679292 PMCID: PMC9863164 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based film is an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based packaging film. The effects of biocomposite wrapping film enhanced with dragon fruit peel extract (0, 2% w/v, respectively) and currently used commercial packaging film (polypropylene; PP) on coconut milk caramels during storage (30 °C, 75% RH, nine days) were studied. Both 0% and 2% DPE-enriched biocomposite films were thicker and had higher water vapor permeability and solubility than the PP film but poorer mechanical characteristics. In addition, the 2% film possessed antioxidants and antioxidant ability. A FESEM micrograph revealed the rough surface and porous path of the biocomposite films. Over the storage time, the moisture content, water activity, and springiness of the coconut milk caramel candy wrapped in the PP and all DPE-enriched biocomposite films were not significantly altered. However, the lipid oxidation as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and hardness of all coconut caramels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased during storage. Furthermore, the hardness of coconut candy covered in the control (0% DPE) biocomposite film was more pronounced on day nine of storage. However, the changes in quality characteristics of the coconut candy wrapped in each film type need to be better established. The investigating factors influencing the quality deterioration of coconut milk candy should be further identified to mitigate their effects and extend the shelf-life of the coconut candy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantida Homthawornchoo
- Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials Unit, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (S.R.); Tel.: +66-5391-6751 (W.H.); +66-5391-6739 (S.R.)
| | - Nur Fairuza Syahira Mohamad Hakimi
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Food Sciences and Technology Program, School of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 45100, Malaysia
| | - Orapan Romruen
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Saroat Rawdkuen
- Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials Unit, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (S.R.); Tel.: +66-5391-6751 (W.H.); +66-5391-6739 (S.R.)
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Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Mechanical Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183732. [PMID: 36145875 PMCID: PMC9505226 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
"Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Mechanical Properties and Applications" is a newly open Special Issue of Polymers, which aims to publish original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and make boundless contributions to the finding and understanding of the reinforcing effects of various synthetic and natural fibres on the performance of biopolymer composites [...]
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Impact of Guar Gum and Locust Bean Gum Addition on the Pasting, Rheological Properties, and Freeze-Thaw Stability of Rice Starch Gel. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162508. [PMID: 36010508 PMCID: PMC9407422 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the gel texture and stability of rice starch (RS) by natural hydrocolloids is important for the development of gluten-free starch-based products. In this paper, the effects of guar gum and locust bean gum on the pasting, rheological properties, and freeze−thaw stability of rice starch were investigated by using a rapid visco analyzer, rheometer, and texture analyzer. Both gums can modify the pasting properties, revealed by an increment in the peak, trough, and final viscosities, and prevent the short-term retrogradation tendency of RS. Dynamic viscoelasticity measurements also indicated that the starch−gum system exhibits superior viscoelastic properties compared with starch alone, as revealed by its higher storage modulus (G′). Compared with the control, the hysteresis loop area of the guar gum-containing system and locust bean gum-containing system was reduced by 37.7% and 24.2%, respectively, indicating that the addition of gums could enhance shear resistance and structure recovery properties. The thermodynamic properties indicated that both gums retard short-term retrogradation as well as long-term retrogradation of the RS gels. Interestingly, the textural properties and freeze−thaw stability of the RS gel were significantly improved by the addition of galactomannans (p < 0.05), and guar gum was more effective than locust bean gum, which may be due to the different mannose to galactose ratio. The results provide alternatives for gluten-free recipes with improved texture properties and freeze−thaw stability.
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