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Dönmez MB, Kim HT, Lee YH, Jo YH, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B. Effect of barium silicate on mechanical properties, transmittance, and protein adsorption of resin for additive manufacturing containing zwitterionic polymer. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00365-2. [PMID: 38890060 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the effect of barium silicate on the material properties of additively manufactured (AM) resins containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) for dental applications are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, transmittance, and protein adsorption of MPC-containing AM resin incorporated with different barium silicate contents and to compare these findings with those of a commercially available unfilled AM resin marketed for definitive restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Resins incorporating 6 wt% MPC and 4 different concentrations of barium silicate (10 wt%, MB10; 20 wt%, MB20; 30 wt%, MB30; and 40 wt%, MB40) were prepared. An MPC-containing resin with no filler was also prepared (0 wt%, MBN). Surface roughness (n=15), Vickers hardness (n=15), flexural strength and modulus (n=15), fracture toughness (n=15), transmittance (n=15), and protein adsorption (n=3) of the filled resin specimens were measured and compared with those of commercially available unfilled resin specimens. All data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α=.05). RESULTS All experimental resins had higher surface roughness than the unfilled resin (P≤.048). MB40 had higher hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness than most other groups (P≤.047). MB10 had higher transmittance than most other groups (P≤.012). All experimental resins had lower protein adsorption than the unfilled resin, regardless of the barium silicate content (P≤.023). CONCLUSIONS The experimental resin containing 6 wt% MPC and 40 wt% barium silicate showed better mechanical properties and lower protein adsorption than the resin with no MPC or ceramic fillers. Transmittance decreased with the increase of barium silicate in the resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa-Borga Dönmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; and ITI Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hyun-Tae Kim
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- Adjunct Researcher, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Senior Researcher, M.O.P. Materials, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Senior Researcher, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Visiting Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Kim HT, Çakmak G, Lee YH, Jo YH, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B. Mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption of three-dimensionally printable hybrid resin containing zwitterionic polymer and silicate-based composites for dental restorations. J Dent 2024:105134. [PMID: 38885733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printable resins filled with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and silicate-based composites and compare with those of a commercially available 3D-printable resin for definitive restorations. METHODS A group of 3D-printable hybrid resins (HRs) filled with 6 wt% MPC and three different compositions of silicate-based composites (barium silicate to zirconium silicate ratios: 1.50:1 for HR1, 0.67:1 for HR2, and 0.25:1 for HR3) were prepared. The HR groups were compared with the commercially available unfilled 3D-printable resin (CR) marketed for definitive restorations in terms of flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, surface roughness, Vickers hardness, light transmittance (all, n=15), cytotoxicity, and protein adsorption (both, n=3). All data were analyzed by using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α=.05). RESULTS The HR groups had significantly higher flexural strength, modulus, fracture toughness, and hardness values than the CR (P<0.001). HR3 had the highest surface roughness and light transmittance among the groups (P≤0.006). None of tested resins showed cytotoxicity. Both HR2 and HR3 showed significantly lower protein adsorption than the CR, with a difference of approximately 60% (P≤0.026). CONCLUSION Both HR2 and HR3 exhibited superior mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness), light transmittance, and protein-repellent activity than the CR, with no impact on cytotoxicity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The MPC/silicate-based composite-filled resins may be a suitable alternative for definitive restorations, given their higher mechanical properties and promising biological properties to prevent microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation, as well as their non-cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Tae Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Chuchulska B, Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Hristov I, Tomova Z, Kazakova R. Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:877. [PMID: 38611135 PMCID: PMC11013798 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern media often portray CAD/CAM technology as widely utilized in the fabrication of dental prosthetics. This study presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) polymers and conventional polymers commonly utilized in prosthetic dentistry. With the increasing adoption of CAD/CAM technology in dental laboratories and practices, understanding the differences in material properties is crucial for informed decision-making in prosthodontic treatment planning. Through a narrative review of the literature and empirical data, this study evaluates the mechanical strength, durability, esthetics, and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM polymers in comparison to traditional polymers. Furthermore, it examines the implications of these findings on the clinical outcomes and long-term success of prosthetic restorations. The results provide valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of CAD/CAM polymers, informing clinicians and researchers about their suitability for various dental prosthetic applications. This study underscores the considerable advantages of CAD/CAM polymers over conventional ones in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetics for prosthetic dentistry. CAD/CAM technology offers improved mechanical strength and durability, potentially enhancing the long-term performance of dental prosthetics, while the biocompatibility of these polymers makes them suitable for a broad patient demographic, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. The practical implications of these findings for dental technicians and dentists are significant, as understanding these material differences enables tailored treatment planning to meet individual patient needs and preferences. Integration of CAD/CAM technology into dental practices can lead to more predictable outcomes and heightened patient satisfaction with prosthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhana Chuchulska
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Mariya Dimitrova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Angelina Vlahova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Hristov
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Zlatina Tomova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Go HB, Lee MJ, Seo JY, Byun SY, Kwon JS. Mechanical properties and sustainable bacterial resistance effect of strontium-modified phosphate-based glass microfiller in dental composite resins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17763. [PMID: 37853055 PMCID: PMC10584999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental composite resins are widely used in dental restorations. However, their clinical application is limited by the occurrence of secondary caries. Strontium-modified phosphate-based glass (Sr-PBG) is a material known to have a sustainable bacterial resistance effect. The mechanical properties (in particular, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and hardness) of dental materials determine their function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanical and ion-releasing properties as well as the sustainable bacterial resistance effect of bioactive resin composites containing Sr-PBG. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tuckey's tests (p < 0.05). We incorporated a Sr-PBG microfiller at 3, 6, and 9 wt.% concentrations into a commercially available composite resin and investigated the mechanical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, and micro hardness), ion release characteristics, and color of the resultant resins. In addition, we examined the antibacterial effects of the composite resins against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The mechanical properties of the Sr-PBG groups differed only slightly from those of the control group (p > 0.05). However, the optical density at 600 nm of S. mutans incubated on the experimental group was significantly lower compared to that observed with the control (p < 0.05) both before and after thermocycling between 5 and 55 ℃ for 850 cycles (dwell time: 45 s). Therefore, strontium-modified resin materials exhibited a sustainable bacterial resistance effect in vitro while maintaining some of the mechanical properties of ordinary acrylic resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Go
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yun Byun
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Altarazi A, Jadaan L, McBain AJ, Haider J, Kushnerev E, Yates JM, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. 3D-printed nanocomposite denture base resin: The effect of incorporating TiO 2 nanoparticles on the growth of Candida albicans. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37837403 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a biocompatible denture base resin/TiO2 nanocomposite material with antifungal characteristics that is suitable for 3D-printing denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with a 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 weight percent (wt.%) were incorporated into a commercially available 3D-printed resin material. The resulting nanocomposite material was analyzed using Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and AlamarBlue (AB) assays for biocompatibility testing with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The composite material was also tested for its antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) mapping were conducted to assess the surface coating and the dispersion of the NPs. RESULTS LDH and AB assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the material showing cell proliferation at a rate of nearly 100% at day 10, with a cytotoxicity of less than 13% of the cells at day 10. The concentrations of 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 wt.% caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the number of candida cells attached to the surface of the specimens (p < 0.05), while 0.75 wt.% did not show any significant difference compared to the control (no TiO2 NPs) (p > 0.05). FTIR and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of TiO2 NPs within the nanocomposite material with a homogenous dispersion for 0.10 and 0.25 wt.% groups and an aggregation of the NPs within the material at higher concentrations. CONCLUSION The addition of TiO2 NPs into 3D-printed denture base resin proved to have an antifungal effect against Candida albicans. The resultant nanocomposite material was a biocompatible material with HGFs and was successfully used for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layali Jadaan
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Evgeny Kushnerev
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julian M Yates
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia
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Avukat EN, Akay C, Topcu Ersöz MB, Mumcu E, Pat S, Erdönmez D. Could Helium Plasma Treatment be a Novel Approach to Prevent the Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans? Mycopathologia 2023; 188:361-369. [PMID: 37294506 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is no definitive method to prevent Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilm formation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Helium plasma treatment (before the application of removable dentures to the patient) to prevent or reduce C. albicans ATCC 10,231 the anti-adherent activity, viability, and biofilm formation on PMMA surfaces. One hundred disc-shaped PMMA samples (2 mm × 10 mm) were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into 5 surface groups and treated with different concentrations of Helium plasma: G I: Control group (untreated), G II: 80% Helium plasma-treated group, G III: 85% Helium plasma-treated group, G IV: 90% Helium plasma-treated group, G V: 100% Helium plasma-treated group. C. albicans viability and biofilm formations were evaluated using 2 methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays and Crystal Violet (CV) staining. The surface morphology and C. albicans biofilm images were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The Helium plasma-treated PMMA groups (G II, G III, G IV, G V) observed a significant reduction in C. albicans cell viability and biofilm formation compared with the control group. Treating PMMA surfaces with different concentrations of Helium plasma prevents C. albicans viability and biofilm formation. This study suggests that Helium plasma treatment might be an effective strategy in modifying PMMA surfaces to prevent denture stomatitis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Nur Avukat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Advanced Material Technologies Application and Research Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Emre Mumcu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Advanced Material Technologies Application and Research Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Suat Pat
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Advanced Material Technologies Application and Research Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
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Abuhajar E, Ali K, Zulfiqar G, Al Ansari K, Raja HZ, Bishti S, Anweigi L. Management of Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture Stomatitis)-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3029. [PMID: 36833718 PMCID: PMC9967389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common oral diseases affecting people wearing dentures is chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis (DS). The aim of the paper is to provide an update on the pathogenesis, presentation, and management of DS in general dental practice settings. A comprehensive review of the literature published in the last ten years was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. The eligible articles were analyzed to identify evidence-based strategies for the management of DS. Despite its multifactorial nature, the leading cause of DS is the development of oral Candida albicans biofilm, which is facilitated by poor oral and denture hygiene, long-term denture wear, ill-fitting dentures, and the porosity of the acrylic resin in the dentures. DS affects between 17 and 75% of the population wearing dentures, with a slight predominance in elderly females. The mucosal denture surfaces and posterior tongue are the common sites of DS, and the affected areas exhibit erythema, the swelling of the palatal mucosa and edema. Oral and denture hygiene protocols, adjusting or re-fabricating poorly adapting dentures, smoking cessation, avoiding nocturnal denture wear, and the administration of topical or systemic antifungals are the mainstay of management. Alternate treatments such as microwave disinfection, phytomedicine, photodynamic therapy, and incorporation of antifungals and nanoparticles into denture resins are being evaluated for the treatment of DS but require further evidence before routine use in clinical practice. In summary, DS is the most common oral inflammatory lesion experienced by denture wearers. Most patients with DS can be managed in general dental practice settings. Effective management by general dental practitioners may be supported by a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, the recognition of the clinical presentation, and an awareness of contemporary treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abuhajar
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Kamran Ali
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hina Zafar Raja
- CMH Lahore Medical College, Institute of Dentistry, Lahore 54810, Pakistan
| | - Shaza Bishti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lamyia Anweigi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Prospects on Tuning Bioactive and Antimicrobial Denture Base Resin Materials: A Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010054. [PMID: 36616404 PMCID: PMC9823688 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture base resin (DBR) materials are used in dentistry in constructing removable dentures and implant-supported prostheses. A plethora of evidence has demonstrated that DBR materials are associated with a high risk of denture stomatitis, a clinical complication where the soft oral tissues underneath the resin-based material are inflamed. The prevalence of denture stomatitis among denture wearers is high worldwide. Plaque accumulation and the infiltration of oral microbes into DBRs are among the main risk factors for denture stomatitis. The attachment of fungal species, mainly Candida albicans, to DBRs can irritate the underneath soft tissues, leading to the onset of the disease. As a result, several attempts were achieved to functionalize antimicrobial compounds and particles into DBRs to prevent microbial attachment. This review article explored the advanced approaches in designing bioactive and antimicrobial DBR materials. It was reported that using monomer mixtures, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), and organic and inorganic particles can suppress the growth of denture stomatitis-related pathogens. This paper also highlighted the importance of characterizing bioactive DBRs to be mechanically and physically sustainable. Future directions may implement a clinical translational model to attempt these materials inside the oral cavity.
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Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19456. [PMID: 36376540 PMCID: PMC9663707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of auto-polymerized acrylic resin by pathogenic Candida albicans is a common problem for denture users. In this study, zinc-modified phosphate-based glass was introduced into an auto-polymerized acrylic resin at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. The mechanical or physical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and contact angle), surface morphology of the resultant materials, and the antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were investigated. There were no statistical differences in the mechanical properties between the control and the zinc-modified phosphate-based glass samples (p > 0.05); however, the number of C. albicans colony-forming units was significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C. albicans tended not to adhere to the zinc-modified-phosphate-based glass samples. Thus, the zinc-modified materials retained the advantageous mechanical properties of unaltered acrylic resins, while simultaneously exhibiting a strong antimicrobial effect in vitro.
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Chuchulska B, Hristov I, Dochev B, Raychev R. Changes in the Surface Texture of Thermoplastic (Monomer-Free) Dental Materials Due to Some Minor Alterations in the Laboratory Protocol-Preliminary Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6633. [PMID: 36233975 PMCID: PMC9570521 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary thermoplastic monomer-free prosthetic materials are widely used nowadays, and there are a great variety available on the market. These materials are of interest in terms of the improvement of the quality features of the removable dentures. The aim of this study is to establish how minimal changes in the laboratory protocol of polyamide prosthetic base materials influence the surface texture. Two polyamide materials intended for the fabrication of removable dentures bases were used-Perflex Biosens (BS) and VertexTM ThermoSens (TS). A total number of 20 coin-shaped samples were prepared. They were injected under two different modes-regular, as provided by the manufacturer, and modified, proposed by the authors of this study. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) under four magnifications-×1000, ×3000, ×5000, and ×10,000-was conducted. With minimal alterations to the melting temperature (5 °C) and the pressure (0.5 Bar), in Biosens, no changes in terms of surface improvement were found, whereas in ThermoSens, the surface roughness of the material significantly changed in terms of roughness reduction. By modifying the technological mode during injection molding, a smoother surface was achieved in one of the studied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhana Chuchulska
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Hristov
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Dochev
- Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Branch Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Raycho Raychev
- Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Branch Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Chladek G, Nowak M, Pakieła W, Mertas A. Effect of Candida albicans Suspension on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Acrylic Resin. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113841. [PMID: 35683140 PMCID: PMC9182068 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Yeast-like fungi such as Candida albicans (C. albicans) are the primary pathogenic microorganism in the oral cavity of denture wearers. The research available so far, conducted according to a protocol based on the exposure of specimens to a C. albicans suspension and their cutting with water cooling, shows that hard polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) prosthetic materials are not only surface colonized, but also penetrated by microorganisms in a short time. This justifies the hypothesis that exposure to a suspension of the C. albicans strain causes the changes in mechanical properties due to surface colonization and/or penetration of the samples. In the current study, the chosen mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, ball indentation hardness, and surface Vickers hardness at 300 g load) of the PMMA denture base material Vertex RS (Vertex-Dental, The Netherlands) exposed for 30, 60, and 90 days to a suspension of C. albicans were investigated. The potential penetration of yeast was examined on the fractured surfaces (interior of specimens) to eliminate the risk of the contamination of samples during cutting. There was no influence on the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, or ball indentation hardness, but a significant decrease in surface hardness was registered. Microscopic observations did not confirm the penetration of C. albicans. On the surface, blastospores and pseudohyphae were observed in crystallized structures and in traces after grinding, which indicates that in clinical conditions, it is not penetration but the deterioration of surface quality, which may lead to the formation of microareas that are difficult to disinfect, causing rapid recolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chladek
- Chair of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Nowak
- Nova Clinic, 22 Jankego Str., 40-612 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Chair of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Anna Mertas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
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