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You Y, Kong H, Li C, Gu Z, Ban X, Li Z. Carbohydrate binding modules: Compact yet potent accessories in the specific substrate binding and performance evolution of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108365. [PMID: 38677391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are independent non-catalytic domains widely found in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and they play an essential role in the substrate binding process of CAZymes by guiding the appended catalytic modules to the target substrates. Owing to their precise recognition and selective affinity for different substrates, CBMs have received increasing research attention over the past few decades. To date, CBMs from different origins have formed a large number of families that show a variety of substrate types, structural features, and ligand recognition mechanisms. Moreover, through the modification of specific sites of CBMs and the fusion of heterologous CBMs with catalytic domains, improved enzymatic properties and catalytic patterns of numerous CAZymes have been achieved. Based on cutting-edge technologies in computational biology, gene editing, and protein engineering, CBMs as auxiliary components have become portable and efficient tools for the evolution and application of CAZymes. With the aim to provide a theoretical reference for the functional research, rational design, and targeted utilization of novel CBMs in the future, we systematically reviewed the function-related characteristics and potentials of CAZyme-derived CBMs in this review, including substrate recognition and binding mechanisms, non-catalytic contributions to enzyme performances, module modifications, and innovative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Haocun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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Liu G, Mei X, Zhang Y, Chen G, Li J, Tao W, Sun M, Zheng L, Chang Y, Xue C. Characterization and Structural Analysis of a Novel Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Family 96 with Chondroitin Sulfate-Specific Binding Capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13196-13204. [PMID: 38805590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the predominant glycosaminoglycan within the human body and is widely applied in various industries. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) possessing the capacity for carbohydrate recognition are verified to be important tools for polysaccharide investigation. Only one CS-specific CBM, PhCBM100, has hitherto been characterized. In the present study, two CBM96 domains present in the same putative PL8_3 chondroitin AC lyase were discovered and recombinantly expressed. The results of microtiter plate assays and affinity gel electrophoresis assays showed that the two corresponding proteins, DmCBM96-1 and DmCBM96-2, bind specifically to CSs. The crystal structure of DmCBM96-1 was determined at a 2.20 Å resolution. It adopts a β-sandwich fold comprising two antiparallel β-sheets, showing structural similarities to TM6-N4, which is the founding member of the CBM96 family. Site mutagenesis analysis revealed that the residues of Arg27, Lys45, Tyr51, Arg53, and Arg157 are critical for CS binding. The characterization of the two CBM96 proteins demonstrates the diverse ligand specificity of the CBM96 family and provides promising tools for CS investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xuanwei Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Guangning Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Wenwen Tao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Menghui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Long Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
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Ma Y, Wei X, Peng J, Wei F, Wen Y, Liu M, Song B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Peng T. Ephedra sinica polysaccharide regulate the anti-inflammatory immunity of intestinal microecology and bacterial metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1414675. [PMID: 38846095 PMCID: PMC11153800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1414675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ephedra sinica polysaccharide (ESP) exerts substantial therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism through which ESP intervenes in RA remains unclear. A close correlation has been observed between enzymes and derivatives in the gut microbiota and the inflammatory immune response in RA. Methods A type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model was treated with Ephedra sinica polysaccharide. The therapeutic effect of ESP on collagen-induced arthritis mice was evaluated. The anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective effects of ESP were also evaluated. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing was performed to identify changes in carbohydrate-active enzymes and resistance genes in the gut microbiota of the ESP-treated CIA mice. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were performed to observe the levels of serum metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Spearman's correlational analysis revealed a correlation among the gut microbiota, antibiotic-resistance genes, and microbiota-derived metabolites. Results ESP treatment significantly reduced inflammation levels and cartilage damage in the CIA mice. It also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1-β and protected the intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier, inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and mucosal damage. Here, ESP reduced the TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 levels in the synovium, inhibited the p65 expression and pp65 phosphorylation in the NF-κB signaling pathway, and blocked histone deacetylase (HDAC1 and HDAC2) signals. ESP influenced the gut microbiota structure, microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes, and microbial resistance related to resistance genes. ESP increased the serum levels of L-tyrosine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, octadecanoic acid, N-oleoyl taurine, and decreased N-palmitoyl taurine in the CIA mice. Conclusion ESP exhibited an inhibitory effect on RA. Its action mechanism may be related to the ability of ESP to effectively reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, protect the intestinal barrier, and regulate the interaction between mucosal immune systems and abnormal local microbiota. Accordingly, immune homeostasis was maintained and the inhibition of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) proliferation through the HDAC/TLR4/NF-κB pathway was mediated, thereby contributing to its anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmiao Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuhong Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiehao Peng
- Department of Third Clinical Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fuxia Wei
- Department of Third Clinical Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mingran Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Third Clinical Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Famous Chinese Medicine Studio, Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Classical Prescription Strengthening Yang, Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Taiyuan, Taiyuan, China
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Le VV, Ko SR, Oh HM, Ahn CY. Genomic Insights into Paucibacter aquatile DH15, a Cyanobactericidal Bacterium, and Comparative Genomics of the Genus Paucibacter. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1615-1624. [PMID: 37811910 PMCID: PMC10772561 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis blooms threaten ecosystem function and cause substantial economic losses. Microorganism-based methods, mainly using cyanobactericidal bacteria, are considered one of the most ecologically sound methods to control Microcystis blooms. This study focused on gaining genomic insights into Paucibacter aquatile DH15 that exhibited excellent cyanobactericidal effects against Microcystis. Additionally, a pan-genome analysis of the genus Paucibacter was conducted to enhance our understanding of the ecophysiological significance of this genus. Based on phylogenomic analyses, strain DH15 was classified as a member of the species Paucibacter aquatile. The genome analysis supported that strain DH15 can effectively destroy Microcystis, possibly due to the specific genes involved in the flagellar synthesis, cell wall degradation, and the production of cyanobactericidal compounds. The pan-genome analysis revealed the diversity and adaptability of the genus Paucibacter, highlighting its potential to absorb external genetic elements. Paucibacter species were anticipated to play a vital role in the ecosystem by potentially providing essential nutrients, such as vitamins B7, B12, and heme, to auxotrophic microbial groups. Overall, our findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of cyanobactericidal bacteria against Microcystis and shed light on the ecological significance of the genus Paucibacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ve Van Le
- Cell Factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Sui B, Wang T, Fang J, Hou Z, Shu T, Lu Z, Liu F, Zhu Y. Recent advances in the biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate with cutinase-like enzymes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265139. [PMID: 37849919 PMCID: PMC10577388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer in the polyester family. It is widely found in objects used daily, including packaging materials (such as bottles and containers), textiles (such as fibers), and even in the automotive and electronics industries. PET is known for its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and transparency. However, these features (e.g., high hydrophobicity and high molecular weight) also make PET highly resistant to degradation by wild-type microorganisms or physicochemical methods in nature, contributing to the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment. Therefore, accelerated PET recycling is becoming increasingly urgent to address the global environmental problem caused by plastic wastes and prevent plastic pollution. In addition to traditional physical cycling (e.g., pyrolysis, gasification) and chemical cycling (e.g., chemical depolymerization), biodegradation can be used, which involves breaking down organic materials into simpler compounds by microorganisms or PET-degrading enzymes. Lipases and cutinases are the two classes of enzymes that have been studied extensively for this purpose. Biodegradation of PET is an attractive approach for managing PET waste, as it can help reduce environmental pollution and promote a circular economy. During the past few years, great advances have been accomplished in PET biodegradation. In this review, current knowledge on cutinase-like PET hydrolases (such as TfCut2, Cut190, HiC, and LCC) was described in detail, including the structures, ligand-protein interactions, and rational protein engineering for improved PET-degrading performance. In particular, applications of the engineered catalysts were highlighted, such as improving the PET hydrolytic activity by constructing fusion proteins. The review is expected to provide novel insights for the biodegradation of complex polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Sui
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jingxiang Fang
- Rizhao Administration for Market Regulation, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Zuoxuan Hou
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Shu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Youshuang Zhu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Liu F, Wang T, Yang W, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Fan X, Wang G, Lu Z, Wang J. Current advances in the structural biology and molecular engineering of PETase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1263996. [PMID: 37795175 PMCID: PMC10546322 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1263996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a highly useful synthetic polyester plastic that is widely used in daily life. However, the increase in postconsumer PET as plastic waste that is recalcitrant to biodegradation in landfills and the natural environment has raised worldwide concern. Currently, traditional PET recycling processes with thermomechanical or chemical methods also result in the deterioration of the mechanical properties of PET. Therefore, it is urgent to develop more efficient and green strategies to address this problem. Recently, a novel mesophilic PET-degrading enzyme (IsPETase) from Ideonella sakaiensis was found to streamline PET biodegradation at 30°C, albeit with a lower PET-degrading activity than chitinase or chitinase-like PET-degrading enzymes. Consequently, the molecular engineering of more efficient PETases is still required for further industrial applications. This review details current knowledge on IsPETase, MHETase, and IsPETase-like hydrolases, including the structures, ligand‒protein interactions, and rational protein engineering for improved PET-degrading performance. In particular, applications of the engineered catalysts are highlighted, including metabolic engineering of the cell factories, enzyme immobilization or cell surface display. The information is expected to provide novel insights for the biodegradation of complex polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yingkang Zhang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yuming Gong
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
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Barrios N, Marquez R, McDonald JD, Hubbe MA, Venditti RA, Pal L. Innovation in lignocellulosics dewatering and drying for energy sustainability and enhanced utilization of forestry, agriculture, and marine resources - A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102936. [PMID: 37331091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of forestry, agriculture, and marine resources in various manufacturing sectors requires optimizing fiber transformation, dewatering, and drying energy consumption. These processes play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint and boosting sustainability within the circular bioeconomy framework. Despite efforts made in the paper industry to enhance productivity while conserving resources and energy through lower grammage and higher machine speeds, reducing thermal energy consumption during papermaking remains a significant challenge. A key approach to address this challenge lies in increasing dewatering of the fiber web before entering the dryer section of the paper machine. Similarly, the production of high-value-added products derived from alternative lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as nanocellulose and microalgae, requires advanced dewatering techniques for techno-economic viability. This critical and systematic review aims to comprehensively explore the intricate interactions between water and lignocellulosic surfaces, as well as the leading technologies used to enhance dewatering and drying. Recent developments in technologies to reduce water content during papermaking, and advanced dewatering techniques for nanocellulosic and microalgal feedstocks are addressed. Existing research highlights several fundamental and technical challenges spanning from the nano- to macroscopic scales that must be addressed to make lignocellulosics a suitable feedstock option for industry. By identifying alternative strategies to improve water removal, this review intends to accelerate the widespread adoption of lignocellulosics as feasible manufacturing feedstocks. Moreover, this review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the interactions, associations, and bonding mechanisms between water and cellulose fibers, nanocellulosic materials, and microalgal feedstocks. The findings of this review shed light on critical research directions necessary for advancing the efficient utilization of lignocellulosic resources and accelerating the transition towards sustainable manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Barrios
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Ronald Marquez
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA; Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Interfaces Complexes, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris, France
| | | | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Richard A Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA.
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Dionisi HM, Lozada M, Campos E. Diversity of GH51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase homolog sequences from subantarctic intertidal sediments. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Liu J, Zhu J, Xu Q, Shi R, Liu C, Sun D, Liu W. Functional identification of two novel carbohydrate-binding modules of glucuronoxylanase CrXyl30 and their contribution to the lignocellulose saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 36890582 PMCID: PMC9996879 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 30 xylanases are a distinct group of xylanases, most of which have a highly specific catalytic activity for glucuronoxylan. Since GH30 xylanases do not normally carry carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), our knowledge of the function of their CBMs is lacking. RESULTS In this work, the CBM functions of CrXyl30 were investigated. CrXyl30 was a GH30 glucuronoxylanase containing tandem CBM13 (CrCBM13) and CBM2 (CrCBM2) at its C terminus, which was identified in a lignocellulolytic bacterial consortium previously. Both CBMs could bind insoluble and soluble xylan, with CrCBM13 having binding specificity for the xylan with L-arabinosyl substitutions, whereas CrCBM2 targeted L-arabinosyl side chains themselves. Such binding abilities of these two CBMs were completely different from other CBMs in their respective families. Phylogenetic analysis also suggested that both CrCBM13 and CrCBM2 belong to novel branches. Inspection of the simulated structure of CrCBM13 identified a pocket that just accommodates the side chain of 3(2)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose, which forms hydrogen bonds with three of the five amino acid residues involved in ligand interaction. The truncation of either CrCBM13 or CrCBM2 did not alter the substrate specificity and optimal reaction conditions of CrXyl30, whereas truncation of CrCBM2 decreased the kcat/Km value by 83% (± 0%). Moreover, the absence of CrCBM2 and CrCBM13 resulted in a 5% (± 1%) and a 7% (± 0%) decrease, respectively, in the amount of reducing sugar released by the synergistic hydrolysis of delignified corncob whose hemicellulose is arabinoglucuronoxylan, respectively. In addition, fusion of CrCBM2 with a GH10 xylanase enhanced its catalytic activity against the branched xylan and improved the synergistic hydrolysis efficiency by more than fivefold when delignified corncob was used as substrate. Such a strong stimulation of hydrolysis resulted from the enhancement of hemicellulose hydrolysis on the one hand, and the cellulose hydrolysis is also improved according to the lignocellulose conversion rate measured by HPLC. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the functions of two novel CBMs in CrXyl30 and shows the good potential of such CBMs specific for branched ligands in the development of efficient enzyme preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Di Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weijie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New District, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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Ayuso-Fernández I, Molpeceres G, Camarero S, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Martínez AT. Ancestral sequence reconstruction as a tool to study the evolution of wood decaying fungi. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:1003489. [PMID: 37746217 PMCID: PMC10512382 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of evolution is limited by the techniques available to do so. Aside from the use of the fossil record, molecular phylogenetics can provide a detailed characterization of evolutionary histories using genes, genomes and proteins. However, these tools provide scarce biochemical information of the organisms and systems of interest and are therefore very limited when they come to explain protein evolution. In the past decade, this limitation has been overcome by the development of ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) methods. ASR allows the subsequent resurrection in the laboratory of inferred proteins from now extinct organisms, becoming an outstanding tool to study enzyme evolution. Here we review the recent advances in ASR methods and their application to study fungal evolution, with special focus on wood-decay fungi as essential organisms in the global carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ayuso-Fernández
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gonzalo Molpeceres
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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