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Park HW, Jang NG, Seo HS, Kwon K, Shin S. Facile Synthesis of Self-Adhesion and Ion-Conducting 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid/Tannic Acid Hydrogels Using Electron Beam Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3836. [PMID: 37765690 PMCID: PMC10538098 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) can be used as an additive to improve the properties of hydrogels, but it acts as a radical scavenger, which hinders radical polymerization. In this study, we successfully and easily synthesized a TA-incorporated 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) hydrogel using an electron beam (E-beam) in a one-pot process at room temperature. TA successfully grafted onto AMPS polymer chains under E-beam irradiation, but higher TA content reduced grafting efficiency and prevented hydrogel formation. Peel strength of the AMPS hydrogel increased proportionally with TA, but cohesive failure and substrate residue occurred above 1.25 phm (parts per 100 g of AMPS) TA. Tensile strength peaked at 0.25 phm TA but decreased below the control value at 1.25 phm. Tensile elongation exceeded 2000% with TA addition. Peel strength varied significantly with substrate type. The wood substrate had the highest peel strength value of 150 N/m, while pork skin had a low value of 11.5 N/m. However, the addition of TA increased the peel strength by over 300%. The ionic conductivity of the AMPS/TA hydrogel increased from 0.9 S/m to 1.52 S/m with TA content, while the swelling ratio decreased by 50% upon TA addition and increased slightly thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Woong Park
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (H.-W.P.); (N.-G.J.); (H.-S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Nam-Gyu Jang
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (H.-W.P.); (N.-G.J.); (H.-S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Convergence Manufacturing System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Seo
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (H.-W.P.); (N.-G.J.); (H.-S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kiok Kwon
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (H.-W.P.); (N.-G.J.); (H.-S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Seunghan Shin
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea; (H.-W.P.); (N.-G.J.); (H.-S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Convergence Manufacturing System Engineering, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Baniya P, Tebyani M, Asefifeyzabadi N, Nguyen T, Hernandez C, Zhu K, Li H, Selberg J, Hsieh HC, Pansodtee P, Yang HY, Recendez C, Keller G, Hee WS, Aslankoohi E, Isseroff RR, Zhao M, Gomez M, Rolandi M, Teodorescu M. A system for bioelectronic delivery of treatment directed toward wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14766. [PMID: 37679425 PMCID: PMC10485133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable bioelectronic systems is a promising approach for optimal delivery of therapeutic treatments. These systems can provide continuous delivery of ions, charged biomolecules, and an electric field for various medical applications. However, rapid prototyping of wearable bioelectronic systems for controlled delivery of specific treatments with a scalable fabrication process is challenging. We present a wearable bioelectronic system comprised of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device cast in customizable 3D printed molds and a printed circuit board (PCB), which employs commercially available engineering components and tools throughout design and fabrication. The system, featuring solution-filled reservoirs, embedded electrodes, and hydrogel-filled capillary tubing, is assembled modularly. The PDMS and PCB both contain matching through-holes designed to hold metallic contact posts coated with silver epoxy, allowing for mechanical and electrical integration. This assembly scheme allows us to interchange subsystem components, such as various PCB designs and reservoir solutions. We present three PCB designs: a wired version and two battery-powered versions with and without onboard memory. The wired design uses an external voltage controller for device actuation. The battery-powered PCB design uses a microcontroller unit to enable pre-programmed applied voltages and deep sleep mode to prolong battery run time. Finally, the battery-powered PCB with onboard memory is developed to record delivered currents, which enables us to verify treatment dose delivered. To demonstrate the functionality of the platform, the devices are used to deliver H[Formula: see text] in vivo using mouse models and fluoxetine ex vivo using a simulated wound environment. Immunohistochemistry staining shows an improvement of 35.86% in the M1/M2 ratio of H[Formula: see text]-treated wounds compared with control wounds, indicating the potential of the platform to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Baniya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Narges Asefifeyzabadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Hao-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Wan Shen Hee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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Yu C, Naeem A, Liu Y, Guan Y. Ellagic Acid Inclusion Complex-Loaded Hydrogels as an Efficient Controlled Release System: Design, Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050278. [PMID: 37233388 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidants play a crucial role in the development of oxidative stress, which is linked to disease progression. Ellagic acid is an effective antioxidant with applications in the treatment and prevention of several diseases, since it neutralizes free radicals and reduces oxidative stress. However, it has limited application due to its poor solubility and oral bioavailability. Since ellagic acid is hydrophobic, it is difficult to load it directly into hydrogels for controlled release applications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to first prepare inclusion complexes of ellagic acid (EA) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and then load them into carbopol-934-grafted-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (CP-g-AMPS) hydrogels for orally controlled drug delivery. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to validate ellagic acid inclusion complexes and hydrogels. There was slightly higher swelling and drug release at pH 1.2 (42.20% and 92.13%) than at pH 7.4 (31.61% and 77.28%), respectively. Hydrogels had high porosity (88.90%) and biodegradation (9.2% per week in phosphate-buffered saline). Hydrogels were tested for their antioxidant properties in vitro against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Additionally, the antibacterial activity of hydrogels was demonstrated against Gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on Anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yongmei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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Lee G, Seo H, Kim D, Shin S, Kwon K. All polymeric conductive strain sensors with excellent skin adhesion, recovery, and long-term stability prepared from an anion-zwitterion based hydrogel. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1672-1683. [PMID: 36688068 PMCID: PMC9827471 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a high-performing hydrogel with long-lasting skin adhesion, high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and fatigue resistance is a crucial issue in the field of wearable electronic devices. Because of their weak mechanical properties, zwitterion-based hydrogels are not suitable for application in wearable strain sensors despite their excellent adhesion to the skin. In this study, a hydrogel of polymer without additive was prepared by using polymerizable monomers consisting of zwitterionic 3-(1-vinyl-3-imidazolio)propanesulfonate (VIPS), anionic 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPSs), and acrylamide (AAm); the hydrogel is abbreviated as P(AMPSs/VIPS-co-AAm). The P(AMPSs/VIPS-co-AAm) hydrogel shows exceptional adhesive strength, reaching up to 26.29 kPa (lap shear to porcine skin) and high stretchability (with a fracture strain of 1282% and stress of 40 kPa). The high polarity of the AMPSs/VIPS pair improves the interfacial adhesion to the skin, the internal cohesion and recovery tendency. Unique structural characteristics of the hydrogel impart excellent fatigue resistance, network toughening, and electrical stability after multiple deformations. Thus, the prepared hydrogel has an ionic conductivity (0.51 S m-1), strain sensitivity, and long-term skin adhesion, and it demonstrates potential to be applied for wearable strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goeun Lee
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)Republic of Korea,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University (YU)Seodaemun-guSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Seo
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)Republic of Korea
| | - Daewoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University (YU)Seodaemun-guSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)Republic of Korea,Department of Green Process and System Engineering, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST)CheonanChungnam 31056Republic of Korea
| | - Kiok Kwon
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)Republic of Korea
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Sarfraz M, Iqbal R, Khan KU, Minhas MU. Carbopol Based Hydrogels for ITOPRIDE Hydrochloride Delivery; Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Assessment with Various Monomers. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040295. [PMID: 36547555 PMCID: PMC9785656 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to synthesize and characterize carbopol containing hydrogels with different monomers such as methacrylic acid (MAA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and itaconic acid (ITA). Free radical polymerization method was optimized for the preparation of different formulations using N,N-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) as cross linking agent. Different studies were performed to evaluate the effect of different monomers on swelling, drug loading and drug release. Itopride Hydrochloride was used as model drug. FTIR, TGA, DSC and SEM were performed to probe the characteristics of fabricated hydrogels. Swelling studies of different fabricated hydrogels were performed in three pH conditions (1.2, 4.5 & 6.8). Higher swelling was observed at pH 6.8. An in-vitro release study was performed on pH 1.2 and 6.8. The synthesized hydrogels exhibited excellent mechanical strength, higher drug loading, pH sensitive and time dependent release up to 30 h. The excellent mechanical strength and extended drug release of Carbopol-co-poly-MAA-ITA hydrogels make them a potential candidate for controlled delivery of Itopride hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabia Iqbal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Usman Minhas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +92-33-1975-0053
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Yu C, Chen X, Zhu W, Li L, Peng M, Zhong Y, Naeem A, Zang Z, Guan Y. Synthesis of Gallic Acid-Loaded Chitosan-Grafted-2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Hydrogels for Oral Controlled Drug Delivery: In Vitro Biodegradation, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Effects. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120806. [PMID: 36547330 PMCID: PMC9777532 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chitosan (CS) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based hydrogels were formulated by the free radical polymerization technique for the controlled release of gallic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful preparation and loading of gallic acid within the hydrogel network. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the increased thermal stability of the hydrogels following the crosslinking and polymerization of chitosan and AMPS. In X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the crystallinity of the raw materials decreased, indicating strong crosslinking of the reagents and the formation of a new polymeric network of hydrogels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the hydrogel had a rough, dense, and porous surface, which is consistent with the highly polymerized composition of the hydrogel. After 48 h, the hydrogels exhibited higher swelling at pH 1.2 (swelling ratio of 19.93%) than at pH 7.4 (swelling ratio of 15.65%). The drug release was analyzed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and demonstrated that after 48 h, gallic acid release was maximum at pH 1.2 (85.27%) compared to pH 7.4 (75.19%). The percent porosity (78.36%) and drug loading increased with the increasing concentration of chitosan and AMPS, while a decrease was observed with the increasing concentration of ethylene glycol dimethyl methacrylate (EGDMA). Crosslinking of the hydrogels increased with concentrations of chitosan and EGDMA but decreased with AMPS. In vitro studies demonstrated that the developed hydrogels were biodegradable (8.6% degradation/week) and had antimicrobial (zone of inhibition of 21 and 16 mm against Gram-positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as 13 mm against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively) and antioxidant (73% DPPH and 70% ABTS) properties. Therefore, the prepared hydrogels could be used as an effective controlled drug delivery system.
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Anti-Freezing Nanocomposite Organohydrogels with High Strength and Toughness. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183721. [PMID: 36145866 PMCID: PMC9500911 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels based on nanocomposites (NC) structure have acquired a great deal of interest, but they are still limited by relatively low mechanical strength, inevitably losing elasticity when applied below subzero temperatures, due to the formation of ice crystallization. In this study, an anti-freezing and mechanically strong Laponite NC organohydrogel was prepared by a direct solvent replacement strategy of immersing Laponite NC pre-hydrogel into ethylene glycol (EG)/water mixture solution. In the organohydrogel, a part of water molecules was replaced by EG, which inhibited the formation of ice crystallization even at extremely low temperatures. In addition, the formation of hydrogen bonds between Laponite and the monomers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) endowed the organohydrogels with high mechanical strength and toughness. The NC organohydrogel can maintain its mechanical flexibility even at −25 °C. The compressive stress, tensile stress, and elongation at the break of N5H5L reached 3871.71 kPa, 137.05 kPa, and 173.39%, respectively, which may be potentially applied as ocean probes in low temperature environment.
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