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Crispini A, Aiello I, Godbert N, La Deda M, di Maio G, Tagarelli A, Elliani R, De Rose R, Scarpelli F. Hybrid Ethylcellulose Polymeric Films: Ag(I)-Based Components and Curcumin as Reinforcing Ingredients for Enhanced Food Packaging Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400452. [PMID: 38837264 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bio-active ethylcellulose (EC) polymeric films have been obtained by incorporating curcumin (curc) and Ag(I)-based compounds, known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, respectively, within the polymeric matrix. The recently reported Ag(I) coordination polymer, in both its structural forms (α-[(bpy)Ag(OTf)]∞ and β-{[(bpy)Ag][OTf]}∞), and the [(bpy)Ag(OTf)]∞-curc polymeric co-crystal (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine; OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate) have been selected as Ag(I) species. The hybrid composite films have been prepared through the simple solvent casting method and characterized through Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy. The deep investigation of the film samples highlighted the non-inert behaviour of EC towards these specific active ingredients. Antimicrobial tests showed that EC films embedding the Ag(I)-based compounds present good antimicrobial performance, in particular against Staphylococcus aureus, used as a model of Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, Silver migration tests, performed on the Ag(I)-incorporating EC films, evidenced low values of silver release particularly in the case of the EC films incorporating [(bpy)Ag(OTf)]∞-curc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Crispini
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Iolinda Aiello
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- LPM-Laboratorio Preparazione Materiali, Star-Lab, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- LPM-Laboratorio Preparazione Materiali, Star-Lab, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia UOS Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Maio
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rosangela Elliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Renata De Rose
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Scarpelli
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Nath PC, Sharma R, Mahapatra U, Mohanta YK, Rustagi S, Sharma M, Mahajan S, Nayak PK, Sridhar K. Sustainable production of cellulosic biopolymers for enhanced smart food packaging: An up-to-date review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133090. [PMID: 38878920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable and sustainable food packaging (FP) materials have gained immense global importance to reduce plastic pollution and environmental impact. Therefore, this review focused on the recent advances in biopolymers based on cellulose derivatives for FP applications. Cellulose, an abundant and renewable biopolymer, and its various derivatives, namely cellulose acetate, cellulose sulphate, nanocellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and methylcellulose, are explored as promising substitutes for conventional plastic in FP. These reviews focused on the production, modification processes, and properties of cellulose derivatives and highlighted their potential for their application in FP. Finally, we reviewed the effects of incorporating cellulose derivatives into film in various aspects of packaging properties, including barrier, mechanical, thermal, preservation aspects, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Overall, the findings suggest that cellulose derivatives have the potential to replace conventional plastics in food packaging applications. This can contribute to reducing plastic pollution and lessening the environmental impact of food packaging materials. The review likely provides insights into the current state of research and development in this field and underscores the significance of sustainable food packaging solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Chandra Nath
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India; Nano-biotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua 793101, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Uttara Mahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nano-biotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua 793101, India; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam-603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Research Center for Life Science and Healthcare, Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shikha Mahajan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India.
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India.
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Nongnual T, Butprom N, Boonsang S, Kaewpirom S. Citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: A case study on preserving freshness in bananas. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131135. [PMID: 38574914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The study involves the preparation and characterization of crosslinked-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films using varying amounts of citric acid (CA) within the range 5 %-20 %, w/w, relative to the dry weight of CMC. Through techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, carbonyl content analysis, and gel fraction measurements, the successful crosslinking between CMC and CA is confirmed. The investigation includes an analysis of chemical structure, physical and optical characteristics, swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate, moisture content, and surface morphologies. The water resistance of the cross-linked CMC films exhibited a significant improvement when compared to the non-crosslinked CMC film. The findings indicated that films crosslinked with 10 % CA demonstrated favorable properties for application as edible coatings. These transparent films, ideal for packaging, prove effective in preserving the quality and sensory attributes of fresh bananas, including color retention, minimized weight loss, slowed ripening through inhibiting amyloplast degradation, and enhanced firmness during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeranan Nongnual
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Butprom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Siridech Boonsang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Supranee Kaewpirom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Ramezani G, Stiharu I, van de Ven TGM, Nerguizian V. Advancements in Hybrid Cellulose-Based Films: Innovations and Applications in 2D Nano-Delivery Systems. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:93. [PMID: 38667550 PMCID: PMC11051498 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review paper delves into the realm of hybrid cellulose-based materials and their applications in 2D nano-delivery systems. Cellulose, recognized for its biocompatibility, versatility, and renewability, serves as the core matrix for these nanomaterials. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the creation, analysis, and application of these materials, emphasizing their significance in nanotechnology and biomedical domains. It further illuminates the integration of nanomaterials and advanced synthesis techniques that have significantly improved the mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of hybrid cellulose-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| | - Vahe Nerguizian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
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Tohamy HAS, Mohamed SAA, El-Sakhawy M, Elsayed AM, Kamel S. Potential application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/shellac embedded with graphene oxide/TiO 2-Nps as natural packaging film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128589. [PMID: 38052288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), TiO2-NPs, HPMC, and shellac are environmentally green polymers and nanocomposites. This work aimed to create biodegradable composite films made of HPMC/shellac, HPMC/shellac-GO, and HPMC/shellac-GO/TiO2-NPs by film casting. TiO2-HPMC/shellac-GO matrix's dispersibility and mixing ability were characterized and observed using FTIR and XRD. XRD analysis shows that the crystallinity decreased within the composites due to breaking H-bonding. Compared to HPMC/shellac, TGA/DTG demonstrated the composite films' superior thermal stability. TiO2 (0.08-0.16 %) was cast into a composite film comprising HPMC, shellac, and GO. The homogeneity of TiO2 distribution in the composite film was shown using a SEM, which was also used to display the morphology of nanocomposite films. Nanocomposite films' thickness, air permeability, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and burst strength were examined. The results demonstrated that natural films prepared by a combination of shellac/GO with HPMC enhanced the fabricating of films' properties, the tensile strength increased by 231 % (from 16 to 53 MPa) in HPMC and HPSG2 (HPMC 1.9 g/shellac 0.25 g/GO 0.125 g in 100 mL) respectively, whereas the contact angle did not change. And after addition of TiO2-NPs, there were high enhancements in HPMC films' properties, such tensile strength increased by 212 % (from 16 to 50 MPa), burst strength increased by 20.96 % (3.1 to 3.75 Kg/cm2), and the contact angle by 60.86 % (48 to 74°) in HPMC and HPSGT2 respectively. Compared to HPMC films, films exhibited the highest levels of antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. mycoides, and C. albicans. So, the composite films from HPMC/shellac/GO/TiO2-NPs are promising potential packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah S Tohamy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Salah A A Mohamed
- Packing and Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sakhawy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Elsayed
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Samir Kamel
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
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Janik W, Jakubski Ł, Kudła S, Dudek G. Modified polysaccharides for food packaging applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128916. [PMID: 38134991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of new food packaging materials is crucial to reduce the use of single-use plastics and to limit their destructive impact on the environment. Polysaccharides provide an alternative solution to this problem. This paper summarizes and discusses recent research results on the potential of modifying polysaccharides as materials for film and coating applications. Modifications of polysaccharides significantly affect their properties, as well as their application usability. Although modifications of biopolymers for packaging applications have been widely studied, polysaccharides have attracted little attention despite being a prospective, environmentally friendly, and economically viable packaging alternative. Therefore, this paper discusses approaches to the development of biodegradable, polysaccharide-based food packaging materials and focuses on modifications of four polysaccharides, such as starch, chitosan, sodium alginate and cellulose. In addition, these modifications are presented not only in terms of the selected polysaccharide, but also in terms of specific properties, i.e. hydrophilic, barrier and mechanical properties, of polysaccharides. Such a presentation of results makes it much easier to select the modification method to improve the unsatisfactory properties of the material. Moreover, very often it happens that the applied modification improves one and worsens another property, which is also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Janik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Jakubski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Kudła
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Dudek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Jali S, Mohan TP, Mwangi FM, Kanny K. A Review on Barrier Properties of Cellulose/Clay Nanocomposite Polymers for Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:51. [PMID: 38201717 PMCID: PMC10780723 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Packaging materials are used to protect consumer goods, such as food, drinks, cosmetics, healthcare items, and more, from harmful gases and physical and chemical damage during storage, distribution, and handling. Synthetic plastics are commonly used because they exhibit sufficient characteristics for packaging requirements, but their end lives result in environmental pollution, the depletion of landfill space, rising sea pollution, and more. These exist because of their poor biodegradability, limited recyclability, etc. There has been an increasing demand for replacing these polymers with bio-based biodegradable materials for a sustainable environment. Cellulosic nanomaterials have been proposed as a potential substitute in the preparation of packaging films. Nevertheless, their application is limited due to their poor properties, such as their barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties, to name a few. The barrier properties of materials play a pivotal role in extending and determining the shelf lives of packaged foods. Nanofillers have been used to enhance the barrier properties. This article reviews the literature on the barrier properties of cellulose/clay nanocomposite polymers. Cellulose extraction stages such as pretreatment, bleaching, and nanoparticle isolation are outlined, followed by cellulose modification methods. Finally, a brief discussion on nanofillers is provided, followed by an extensive literature review on the barrier properties of cellulose/clay nanocomposite polymers. Although similar reviews have been presented, the use of modification processes applied to cellulose, clay, and final nanocomposites to enhance the barrier properties has not been reviewed. Therefore, this article focuses on this scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandile Jali
- Composite Research Group (CRG), Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.J.); (F.M.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Turup Pandurangan Mohan
- Composite Research Group (CRG), Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.J.); (F.M.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Festus Maina Mwangi
- Composite Research Group (CRG), Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.J.); (F.M.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Krishnan Kanny
- Composite Research Group (CRG), Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.J.); (F.M.M.); (K.K.)
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Horta-Piñeres S, Cortez-Valadez M, Avila DA, Leal-Perez JE, Leyva-Porras CC, Flores-Acosta M, Torres CO. Influence of Carboxymethyl Cellulose on the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Gliricidia sepium and Petiveria alliacea Extracts: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Effect Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46466-46474. [PMID: 38107913 PMCID: PMC10720281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized and stabilized using ecological strategies: the extracts of the leaves of the plants Gliricidia sepium (GS) and Petiveria alliacea (PA) reduced the metallic Au ions to AuNPs. The AuNPs were analyzed as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for pyridoxine detection (vitamin B6). UV-vis spectroscopy was carried out to assess the stability of the AuNPs. As a result, absorption bands around 530 and 540 nm were obtained for AuNPs-PA and AuNPs-GS, respectively. Both cases associated it with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). In the final stage of the synthesis, to stabilize the AuNPs, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added; however, LSPR bands do not exhibit bathochromic or hypsochromic shifts with the addition of CMC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs show relatively spherical morphologies; the particle diameters were detected around 7.7 and 12.7 nm for AuNPs-PA and AuNPs-GS, respectively. The nanomaterials were evaluated as SERS substrates on pyridoxine, revealing an intensification in the vibrational mode centered at 688 cm-1 associated with the pyridinic ring. Complementarily, different density functional theory functionals were included to obtain molecular descriptors on the Aun-cluster-pyridoxine interaction to study the SERS behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindi Horta-Piñeres
- Laboratorio
de Óptica e Informática, Universidad
Popular del Cesar, Apdo. Postal, Valledupar, Cesar 200001, Colombia
| | - M. Cortez-Valadez
- Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-88, Hermosillo, Sonora 83190, México
- CONACYT-Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-88, Hermosillo, Sonora 83190, México
| | - Duber A. Avila
- Laboratorio
de Óptica e Informática, Universidad
Popular del Cesar, Apdo. Postal, Valledupar, Cesar 200001, Colombia
| | | | | | - Mario Flores-Acosta
- Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 5-88, Hermosillo, Sonora 83190, México
| | - Cesar O. Torres
- Laboratorio
de Óptica e Informática, Universidad
Popular del Cesar, Apdo. Postal, Valledupar, Cesar 200001, Colombia
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Shen Y, Seidi F, Ahmad M, Liu Y, Saeb MR, Akbari A, Xiao H. Recent Advances in Functional Cellulose-based Films with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Food Packaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16469-16487. [PMID: 37877425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The packaging of food plays a crucial role in food preservation worldwide. However, traditional packaging systems are passive layers with weak efficiency in protecting the food quality. Therefore, packaged foods are gradually spoiled due to the oxidation and growth of microorganisms. Additionally, most of the commercial packaging films are made of petroleum-based materials which raise environmental concerns. Accordingly, the development of eco-friendly natural-derived active packaging systems has increased the attention of scientists. Cellulose as the most abundant polysaccharide on earth with high biocompatibility, no toxicity, and high biodegradability has extensively been applied for the fabrication of packaging films. However, neat cellulose-based films lack antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, neat cellulose-based films are passive films with weak food preservation performance. Active films have been developed by incorporating antioxidants and antimicrobial agents into the films. In this review, we have explored the latest research on the fabrication of antimicrobial/antioxidant cellulose-based active packaging films by incorporating natural extracts, natural polyphenols, nanoparticles, and microparticles into the cellulose-based film formulations. We categorized these types of packaging films into two main groups: (i) blend films which are obtained by mixing solutions of cellulose with other soluble antimicrobial/antioxidant agents such as natural extracts and polyphenols; and (ii) composite films which are fabricated by dispersing antimicrobial/antioxidant nano- or microfillers into the cellulose solution. The effect of these additives on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the films has been explained. Additionally, the changes in the other properties of the films such as hydrophilicity, water evaporation rate, and mechanical properties have also been briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Shen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa Street, Ershad Boulevard, P.O. Box: 1138, Urmia 57147, Iran
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
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