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Adjei-Sowah E, Chandrasiri I, Xiao B, Liu Y, Ackerman JE, Soto C, Nichols AEC, Nolan K, Benoit DSW, Loiselle AE. Development of a nanoparticle-based tendon-targeting drug delivery system to pharmacologically modulate tendon healing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2332. [PMID: 38896625 PMCID: PMC11186494 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Satisfactory healing following acute tendon injury is marred by fibrosis. Despite the high frequency of tendon injuries and poor outcomes, there are no pharmacological therapies in use to enhance the healing process. Moreover, systemic treatments demonstrate poor tendon homing, limiting the beneficial effects of potential tendon therapeutics. To address this unmet need, we leveraged our existing tendon healing spatial transcriptomics dataset and identified an area enriched for expression of Acp5 (TRAP) and subsequently demonstrated robust TRAP activity in the healing tendon. This unexpected finding allowed us to refine and apply our existing TRAP binding peptide (TBP) functionalized nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery system (DDS) to facilitate improved delivery of systemic treatments to the healing tendon. To demonstrate the translational potential of this DDS, we delivered niclosamide (NEN), an S100a4 inhibitor. While systemic delivery of free NEN did not alter healing, TBP-NPNEN enhanced both functional and mechanical recovery, demonstrating the translational potential of this approach to enhance the tendon healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Indika Chandrasiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Jessica E. Ackerman
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia Soto
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Anne E. C. Nichols
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Katherine Nolan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Alayna E. Loiselle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Performance, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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2
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Sahoo S, Kadam S, Padinhateeri R, Kumar PBS. Nonequilibrium switching of segmental states can influence compaction of chromatin. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4621-4632. [PMID: 38819321 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge about the dynamic nature of chromatin organization is essential to understand the regulation of processes like DNA transcription and repair. The existing models of chromatin assume that protein organization and chemical states along chromatin are static and the 3D organization is purely a result of protein-mediated intra-chromatin interactions. Here we present a new hypothesis that certain nonequilibrium processes, such as switching of chemical and physical states due to nucleosome assembly/disassembly or gene repression/activation, can also simultaneously influence chromatin configurations. To understand the implications of this inherent nonequilibrium switching, we present a block copolymer model of chromatin, with switching of its segmental states between two states, mimicking active/repressed or protein unbound/bound states. We show that competition between switching timescale Tt, polymer relaxation timescale τp, and segmental relaxation timescale τs can lead to non-trivial changes in chromatin organization, leading to changes in local compaction and contact probabilities. As a function of the switching timescale, the radius of gyration of chromatin shows a non-monotonic behavior with a prominent minimum when Tt ≈ τp and a maximum when Tt ≈ τs. We find that polymers with a small segment length exhibit a more compact structure than those with larger segment lengths. We also find that the switching can lead to higher contact probability and better mixing of far-away segments. Our study also shows that the nature of the distribution of chromatin clusters varies widely as we change the switching rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamini Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, India
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Sangram Kadam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Ranjith Padinhateeri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - P B Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
- Center for Soft and Biological Matter, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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3
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Soto-Arriaza M, Cena Ahumada E, Bonardd S, Melendez J. Calcein release from DPPC liposomes by phospholipase A2 activity: Effect of cholesterol and amphipathic copolymers. J Liposome Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38850012 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2361610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of incorporating diblock and triblock amphiphilic copolymers, as well as cholesterol into DPPC liposomes on the release of a model molecule, calcein, mediated by exogenous phospholipase A2 activity. Our findings show that calcein release slows down in the presence of copolymers at low concentration, while at high concentration, the calcein release profile resembles that of the DPPC control. Additionally, calcein release mediated by exogenous PLA2 decreases as the amount of solubilized cholesterol increases, with a maximum between 18 mol% and 20 mol%. At concentrations higher than 24 mol%, no calcein release was observed. Studies conducted on HEK-293 and HeLa cells revealed that DPPC liposomes reduced viability by only 5% and 12%, respectively, after 3 hours of incubation, while DPPC liposome in presence of 33 mol% of Cholesterol reduced viability by approximately 11% and 23%, respectively, during the same incubation period. For formulations containing copolymers at low and high concentrations, cell viability decreased by approximately 20% and 40%, respectively, after 3 hours of incubation. Based on these preliminary results, we can conclude that the presence of amphiphilic copolymers at low concentration can be used in the design of new DPPC liposomes, and together with cholesterol, they can modulate liposome stabilization. The new formulations showed low cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells, and it was observed that calcein release depended entirely on PLA2 activity and the presence of calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Soto-Arriaza
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Cena Ahumada
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastián Bonardd
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Donostia-San Sebastían, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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4
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Kupczak M, Mielańczyk A, Fronczyk T, Drejka P, Ledwon P, Neugebauer D. From Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Semi-Degradable Amphiphilic Miktoarm Polymers to Unique Degradation Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2684. [PMID: 38893949 PMCID: PMC11173590 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
We report a one-pot synthesis of well-defined A5B and A8B miktoarm star-shaped polymers where N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and various cyclic esters such as ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), lactide (LA) and glycolide (GA) were used for the synthesis. Miktopolymers were obtained by simultaneously carrying out atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of DMAEMA, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters, and click reaction between the azide group in gluconamide-based (GLBr5-Az) or lactonamide-based (GLBr8-Az) ATRP initiators and 4-pentyn-1-ol. The relatively low dispersity indices of the obtained miktoarm stars (Đ = 1.2-1.6) indicate that control over the polymerization processes was sustained despite almost complete monomers conversions (83-99%). The presence of salts from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in polymer solutions affects the phase transition, increasing cloud point temperatures (TCP) values. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) values increased with a decreasing number of average molecular weights of the hydrophobic fraction. Hydrolytic degradation studies revealed that the highest reduction of molecular weight was observed for polymers with PCL and PLGCL arm. The influence of the composition on the miktopolymers hydrophilicity was investigated via water contact angle (WCA) measurement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) disclosed that the number of arms and their composition in the miktopolymer affects its weight loss under the influence of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kupczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9. M. Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (D.N.)
- Łukasiewicz Research Network–Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55. M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9. M. Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Tomasz Fronczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9. M. Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Patryk Drejka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9. M. Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9. M. Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9. M. Strzody St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (T.F.); (P.D.); (P.L.); (D.N.)
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5
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Camacho-Ramírez A, Meléndez-Zamudio M, Cervantes J, Palestino G, Guerra-Contreras A. One-step synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers PDMS- b-PEG using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane and subsequent study of encapsulation and release of curcumin. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38817163 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) micelles based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized by a one-step reaction in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) as a catalyst. The structural composition of PDMS-b-PEG (PR11) and PEG-b-PDMS-b-PEG (PR12) was corroborated by FTIR, 29Si NMR, and TGA. The BCPs were assembled in an aqueous solution, obtaining micelles between 57 and 87 nm in size. PR11 exhibited a higher (2.0 g L-1) critical micelle concentration (CMC) than PR12 (1.5 g L-1) due to the short chain length. The synthesized nano micelles were used to encapsulate curcumin, which is one of three compounds of turmeric plant 'Curcuma longa' with significant biological activities, including antioxidant, chemoprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-depressant properties. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin was 60% for PR11 and 45% for PR12. Regarding the release study, PR11 delivered 53% curcumin after five days under acidic conditions (pH of 1.2) compared to 43% at a pH of 7.4. The degradation products of curcumin were observed under basic conditions and were more stable at acidic pH. In both situations, the release process is carried out by breaking the silyl-ether bond, allowing the release of curcumin. PR11 showed prolonged release times, so it could be used to reduce ingestion times and simultaneously work as a nanocarrier for other hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abygail Camacho-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P., 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Meléndez-Zamudio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jorge Cervantes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P., 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Palestino
- Biopolymers and Nanostructures Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78210, Mexico
| | - Antonio Guerra-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato C.P., 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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6
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Feng H, Chen W, Craig GSW, Rowan SJ, Nealey PF. Self-brushing for nanopatterning: achieving perpendicular domain orientation in block copolymer thin films. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8618-8626. [PMID: 38606468 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of thin films of block copolymers (BCPs) with perpendicular domain orientation offers a promising approach for nanopatterning on a variety of substrates, which is required by advanced applications such as ultrasmall transistors in integrated circuits, nanopatterned materials for tissue engineering, and electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. In this study, we created BCPs with an A-b-(B-r-C) architecture that have blocks with equal surface energy (γair) and that can bind to the substrate, effectively creating a non-preferential substrate coating via self-brushing that enables the formation of through-film perpendicular domains in thin films of BCPs. We employed a thiol-epoxy click reaction to functionalize polystyrene-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) with a pair of thiols to generate an A-b-(B-r-C) BCP and tune γair of the B-r-C block. The secondary hydroxyl and thiol ether functionality generated by the click reaction was utilized to bind the BCP to the substrates. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that perpendicular orientation was achieved by simply annealing a thin film of the BCP on the bare substrate without the usual extra step of coating a random copolymer brush on the substrate. The self-brushing capability of the BCP was also examined on gold, platinum, titanium, aluminum nitride, and silicon nitride surfaces. These results demonstrate that self-brushing is a promising approach for achieving perpendicular domain orientation in thin films of BCP for nanopatterning on a variety of useful surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Feng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Wen Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Gordon S W Craig
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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7
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Sytu MRC, Cho DH, Hahm JI. Self-Assembled Block Copolymers as a Facile Pathway to Create Functional Nanobiosensor and Nanobiomaterial Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1267. [PMID: 38732737 PMCID: PMC11085100 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) surfaces permit an exquisite level of nanoscale control in biomolecular assemblies solely based on self-assembly. Owing to this, BCP-based biomolecular assembly represents a much-needed, new paradigm for creating nanobiosensors and nanobiomaterials without the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps. Research endeavors in the BCP nanobiotechnology field have led to stimulating results that can promote our current understanding of biomolecular interactions at a solid interface to the never-explored size regimes comparable to individual biomolecules. Encouraging research outcomes have also been reported for the stability and activity of biomolecules bound on BCP thin film surfaces. A wide range of single and multicomponent biomolecules and BCP systems has been assessed to substantiate the potential utility in practical applications as next-generation nanobiosensors, nanobiodevices, and biomaterials. To this end, this Review highlights pioneering research efforts made in the BCP nanobiotechnology area. The discussions will be focused on those works particularly pertaining to nanoscale surface assembly of functional biomolecules, biomolecular interaction properties unique to nanoscale polymer interfaces, functionality of nanoscale surface-bound biomolecules, and specific examples in biosensing. Systems involving the incorporation of biomolecules as one of the blocks in BCPs, i.e., DNA-BCP hybrids, protein-BCP conjugates, and isolated BCP micelles of bioligand carriers used in drug delivery, are outside of the scope of this Review. Looking ahead, there awaits plenty of exciting research opportunities to advance the research field of BCP nanobiotechnology by capitalizing on the fundamental groundwork laid so far for the biomolecular interactions on BCP surfaces. In order to better guide the path forward, key fundamental questions yet to be addressed by the field are identified. In addition, future research directions of BCP nanobiotechnology are contemplated in the concluding section of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ryan C. Sytu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - David H. Cho
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jong-in Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th & O Sts. NW., Washington, DC 20057, USA
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8
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Fu XY, Yue TJ, Ren BH, Wang H, Ren WM, Lu XB. A Powerful Strategy for Synthesizing Block Copolymers via Bimetallic Synergistic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401926. [PMID: 38415944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Block copolymers, comprising polyether and polyolefin segments, are an important and promising category of functional materials. However, the lack of efficient strategies for the construction of polyether-b-polyolefin block copolymers have hindered the development of these materials. Herein, we propose a simple and efficient method to obtain various block copolymers through the copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates via bimetallic synergistic catalysis. The copolymerization of epoxides and acrylates proceeds in a sequence-controlled manner, where the epoxides-involved homo- or copolymerization occurs first, followed by the homopolymerization of acrylates initiated by the alkoxide species from the propagating polymer chain, thus yielding copolymers with a block structure. Notably, the high monomer compatibility of this powerful strategy provides a platform for synthesizing various polyacrylate-based block copolymers comprising polyether, polycarbonate, polythiocarbonate, polyester, and polyurethane segments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Tian-Jun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
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9
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Heuberger L, Messmer D, dos Santos EC, Scherrer D, Lörtscher E, Schoenenberger C, Palivan CG. Microfluidic Giant Polymer Vesicles Equipped with Biopores for High-Throughput Screening of Bacteria. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307103. [PMID: 38158637 PMCID: PMC10953582 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is critical for the development of new therapeutics. Traditional methods for testing bacteria are often limited in their efficiency and reusability. Single bacterial cells can be studied at high throughput using double emulsions, although the lack of control over the oil shell permeability and limited access to the droplet interior present serious drawbacks. Here, a straightforward strategy for studying bacteria-encapsulating double emulsion-templated giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) is introduced. This microfluidic approach serves to simultaneously load bacteria inside synthetic GUVs and to permeabilize their membrane with the pore-forming peptide melittin. This enables antibiotic delivery or the influx of fresh medium into the GUV lumen for highly parallel cultivation and antimicrobial efficacy testing. Polymer-based GUVs proved to be efficient culture and analysis microvessels, as microfluidics allow easy selection and encapsulation of bacteria and rapid modification of culture conditions for antibiotic development. Further, a method for in situ profiling of biofilms within GUVs for high-throughput screening is demonstrated. Conceivably, synthetic GUVs equipped with biopores can serve as a foundation for the high-throughput screening of bacterial colony interactions during biofilm formation and for investigating the effect of antibiotics on biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Heuberger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Daniel Messmer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Elena C. dos Santos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- IBM Research Europe–ZürichSäumerstrasse 4Rüschlikon8803Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- IBM Research Europe–ZürichSäumerstrasse 4Rüschlikon8803Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringMattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095Basel4058Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 22Basel4002Switzerland
- NCCR‐Molecular Systems EngineeringMattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095Basel4058Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)University of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82Basel4056Switzerland
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10
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Deane O, Mandrelier P, Musa OM, Jamali M, Fielding LA, Armes SP. Synthesis and Characterization of All-Acrylic Tetrablock Copolymer Nanoparticles: Waterborne Thermoplastic Elastomers via One-Pot RAFT Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:2061-2075. [PMID: 38435050 PMCID: PMC10902817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous emulsion polymerization is used to prepare well-defined ABCB tetrablock copolymer nanoparticles via sequential monomer addition at 30 °C. The A block comprises water-soluble poly(2-(N-acryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone) (PNAEP), while the B and C blocks comprise poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA), respectively. High conversions are achieved at each stage, and the final sterically stabilized spherical nanoparticles can be obtained at 20% w/w solids at pH 3 and at up to 40% w/w solids at pH 7. A relatively long PnBA block is targeted to ensure that the final tetrablock copolymer nanoparticles form highly transparent films on drying such aqueous dispersions at ambient temperature. The kinetics of polymerization and particle growth are studied using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy, while gel permeation chromatography analysis confirmed a high blocking efficiency for each stage of the polymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry and small-angle X-ray scattering studies confirm microphase separation between the hard PtBA and soft PnBA blocks, and preliminary mechanical property measurements indicate that such tetrablock copolymer films exhibit promising thermoplastic elastomeric behavior. Finally, it is emphasized that targeting an overall degree of polymerization of more than 1000 for such tetrablock copolymers mitigates the cost, color, and malodor conferred by the RAFT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
J. Deane
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Pierre Mandrelier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland
Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Mohammed Jamali
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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11
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Erukhimovich IY, Kriksin YA, Kudryavtsev YV. The permeability of diamond and other microphase-separated morphologies in copolymer films. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1846-1857. [PMID: 38315079 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A method is proposed for the theoretical assessment of potential membrane properties in materials based on microphase-separated block copolymer films subjected to the etching of one of the components. The concepts of topological permeability and connectivity contrast introduced by the authors are used to compare the percolation characteristics of simple cubic, diamond, and diamond-like morphologies compatible with the slit geometry and specified by a given distribution of the order parameter. The diamond-like morphology, which has the most promising transport characteristics, can be formed in a thin film of diblock copolymer AB placed on a chemically structured substrate. For this case, the quantitative analysis of permeability for certain parameters of the model system is carried out using the local distribution of A and B units calculated with the self-consistent field theory of microphase separation. The results obtained may be useful for the design of isoporous membranes based on block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ya Erukhimovich
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury A Kriksin
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miusskaya sq. 4, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V Kudryavtsev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, 75005, France
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12
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Sinsinbar G, Bindra AK, Liu S, Chia TW, Yoong Eng EC, Loo SY, Lam JH, Schultheis K, Nallani M. Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanostructures as a Tunable Delivery Platform: Perspective and Framework for the Future Drug Product Development. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:541-563. [PMID: 38240244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoformulation of active payloads or pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has always been an area of interest to achieve targeted, sustained, and efficacious delivery. Various delivery platforms have been explored, but loading and delivery of APIs have been challenging because of the chemical and structural properties of these molecules. Polymersomes made from amphiphilic block copolymers (ABCPs) have shown enormous promise as a tunable API delivery platform and confer multifold advantages over lipid-based systems. For example, a COVID booster vaccine comprising polymersomes encapsulating spike protein (ACM-001) has recently completed a Phase I clinical trial and provides a case for developing safe drug products based on ABCP delivery platforms. However, several limitations need to be resolved before they can reach their full potential. In this Perspective, we would like to highlight such aspects requiring further development for translating an ABCP-based delivery platform from a proof of concept to a viable commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sinsinbar
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Anivind Kaur Bindra
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Teck Wan Chia
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Eunice Chia Yoong Eng
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Ser Yue Loo
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Jian Hang Lam
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Katherine Schultheis
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- ACM Biolabs Pte Ltd., 71 Nanyang Drive, #02M-02, NTU Innovation Center, Singapore 638075, Singapore
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13
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Jambhulkar S, Ravichandran D, Zhu Y, Thippanna V, Ramanathan A, Patil D, Fonseca N, Thummalapalli SV, Sundaravadivelan B, Sun A, Xu W, Yang S, Kannan AM, Golan Y, Lancaster J, Chen L, Joyee EB, Song K. Nanoparticle Assembly: From Self-Organization to Controlled Micropatterning for Enhanced Functionalities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306394. [PMID: 37775949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles form long-range micropatterns via self-assembly or directed self-assembly with superior mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, and other functional properties for broad applications, such as structural supports, thermal exchangers, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and robotics. The precisely defined particle assembly at the nanoscale with simultaneously scalable patterning at the microscale is indispensable for enabling functionality and improving the performance of devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of nanoparticle assembly formed primarily via the balance of forces at the nanoscale (e.g., van der Waals, colloidal, capillary, convection, and chemical forces) and nanoparticle-template interactions (e.g., physical confinement, chemical functionalization, additive layer-upon-layer). The review commences with a general overview of nanoparticle self-assembly, with the state-of-the-art literature review and motivation. It subsequently reviews the recent progress in nanoparticle assembly without the presence of surface templates. Manufacturing techniques for surface template fabrication and their influence on nanoparticle assembly efficiency and effectiveness are then explored. The primary focus is the spatial organization and orientational preference of nanoparticles on non-templated and pre-templated surfaces in a controlled manner. Moreover, the article discusses broad applications of micropatterned surfaces, encompassing various fields. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of manufacturing methods, their limitations, and future trends in nanoparticle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Jambhulkar
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Varunkumar Thippanna
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramanathan
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dhanush Patil
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Nathan Fonseca
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sri Vaishnavi Thummalapalli
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Barath Sundaravadivelan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Allen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arunachala Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuval Golan
- Department of Materials Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jessica Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Erina B Joyee
- Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kenan Song
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering (ECAM), College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Adjunct Professor of School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
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14
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Gómez-Díaz D, Domínguez-Ramos L, Malucelli G, Freire MS, González-Álvarez J, Lazzari M. S/N/O-Enriched Carbons from Polyacrylonitrile-Based Block Copolymers for Selective Separation of Gas Streams. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38257068 PMCID: PMC10819996 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based block copolymers with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as sacrificial bock were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and used as precursors for the synthesis of porous carbons. The carbons enriched with O- and S-containing groups, introduced by controlled oxidation and sulfuration, respectively, were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and their surface textural properties were measured by a volumetric analyzer. We observed that the presence of sulfur tends to modify the structure of the carbons, from microporous to mesoporous, while the use of copolymers with a range of molar composition PAN/PMMA between 10/90 and 47/53 allows the obtainment of carbons with different degrees of porosity. The amount of sacrificial block only affects the morphology of carbons stabilized in oxygen, inducing their nanostructuration, but has no effect on their chemical composition. We also demonstrated their suitability for separating a typical N2/CO2 post-combustion stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gómez-Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.D.-R.); (M.S.F.); (J.G.-Á.)
| | - Lidia Domínguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.D.-R.); (M.S.F.); (J.G.-Á.)
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - María Sonia Freire
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.D.-R.); (M.S.F.); (J.G.-Á.)
| | - Julia González-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, ETSE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (L.D.-R.); (M.S.F.); (J.G.-Á.)
| | - Massimo Lazzari
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Mathew J, Ru-Hung, Le TN, Pham HP, Kumar P, Lee CK, Shunmugam R, Rao NV. ROS-responsive camptothecin-linked thioketal drug delivery system based on ring-closing polymerization. Eur Polym J 2024; 202:112646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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16
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Sharma R, Shrivastava P, Gautam L, Agrawal U, Mohana Lakshmi S, Vyas SP. Rationally designed block copolymer-based nanoarchitectures: An emerging paradigm for effective drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103786. [PMID: 37742910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Various polymeric materials have been investigated to produce unique modes of delivery for drug modules to achieve either temporal or spatial control of bioactives delivery. However, after intravenous administration, phagocytic cells quickly remove these nanostructures from the systemic circulation via the reticuloendothelial system (RES). To overcome these concerns, ecofriendly block copolymers are increasingly being investigated as innovative carriers for the delivery of bioactives. In this review, we discuss the design, fabrication techniques, and recent advances in the development of block copolymers and their applications as drug carrier systems to improve the physicochemical and pharmacological attributes of bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, MP 474005, India
| | - Priya Shrivastava
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - Laxmikant Gautam
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India; Babulal Tarabai Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Sagar, M.P., 470228
| | - Udita Agrawal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | - S Mohana Lakshmi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, MP 474005, India
| | - Suresh P Vyas
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP 470003, India.
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17
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Andreozzi L, Martinelli E. An Electron Spin Resonance Study Comparing Nanometer-Nanosecond Dynamics in Diblock Copolymers and Their Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Binary Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4195. [PMID: 37896439 PMCID: PMC10611165 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers are a class of materials that are particularly interesting with respect to their capability to self-assemble in ordered structures. In this context, the coupling between environment and dynamics is particularly relevant given that movements at the molecular level influence various properties of macromolecules. Mixing the polymer with a second macromolecule appears to be an easy method for studying these relationships. In this work, we studied blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a block copolymer composed of PMMA as the first block and poly(3-methyl-4-[6-(methylacryloyloxy)-hexyloxy]-4'-pentyloxy azobenzene) as the second block. The relaxational properties of these blends were investigated via electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, which is sensitive to nanometric length scales. The results of the investigations on the blends were related to the dynamic behavior of the copolymers. At the nanoscale, the study revealed the presence of heterogeneities, with slow and fast dynamics available for molecular reorientation, which are further modulated by the ability of the block copolymers to form supramolecular structures. For blends, the heterogeneities at the nanoscale were still detected. However, it was observed that the presence of the PMMA as a major component of the blends modified their dynamic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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18
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Feng H, Kash B, Yim S, Bagchi K, Craig GSW, Chen W, Rowan SJ, Nealey PF. Wetting Behavior of A -block-(B- random-C) Copolymers with Equal Block Surface Energies on Surfaces Functionalized with B- random-C Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14688-14698. [PMID: 37782843 PMCID: PMC10586369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
To form nanopatterns with self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs), it is desirable to have through-film domains that are oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The domain orientation is determined by the interfacial interactions of the BCP domains with the substrate and with the free surface. Here, we use thin films of two different sets of BCPs with A-block-(B-random-C) architecture matched with a corresponding B-random-C copolymer nanocoating on the substrate to demonstrate two distinct wetting behaviors. The two sets of A-b-(B-r-C) BCPs are made by using thiol-epoxy click chemistry to functionalize polystyrene-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) with trifluoroethanethiol (TFET) and either 2-mercaptopyridine (2MP) or methyl thioglycolate (MTG). For each set of BCPs, the composition ratio of the two thiols in the BCP (φ1) is found that results in the two blocks of the modified BCP having equal surface energies (Δγair = 0). The corresponding B-r-C random copolymers were synthesized and used to modify the substrate, and the composition ratio (φ2) values that resulted in the two blocks of the BCP having equal interfacial energy with the substrate (Δγsub = 0) were determined with scanning electron microscopy. The correlation between each block's γsub value and the interaction parameter, χ, is employed to explain the different wetting behaviors of the two sets of BCPs. For the thiol pair 2MP and TFET, the values of φ1 and φ2 that lead to Δγair = 0 and Δγsub = 0, respectively, are significantly different. A similar difference was observed between the φ1 and φ2 values that lead to Δγair = 0 and Δγsub = 0 for the BCPs made with the thiol pair MTG and TFET. In the latter case, for Δγsub = 0 two windows of φ2 are identified, which can be explained by the thermodynamic interactions of the specific thiol pair and the A-b-(B-r-C) architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Feng
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benjamin Kash
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Soonmin Yim
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kushal Bagchi
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gordon S. W. Craig
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wen Chen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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19
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Li W, Huberman-Shlaes J, Tian B. Perspectives on Multiscale Colloid-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13759-13769. [PMID: 37733490 PMCID: PMC10552542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Colloid-based materials with tunable biophysical and chemical properties have demonstrated significant potential in a wide range of biomedical applications. The ability to manipulate these properties across various size scales, encompassing nano-, micro-, and macrodomains, is essential to enhancing current biomedical technologies and facilitating the development of novel applications. Focusing on material design, we explore various synthetic colloid-based materials at the nano- and microscales and investigate their correlation with biological systems. Furthermore, we examine the utilization of the self-assembly of colloids to construct monolithic and macroscopic materials suitable for biointerfaces. By probing the potential of spatial imaging and localized drug delivery, enhanced functionality, and colloidal manipulation, we highlight emerging opportunities that could significantly advance the field of colloid-based materials in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Judah Huberman-Shlaes
- Department
of Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The
James Franck Institute, The University of
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- The
Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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20
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Mısır M, Savaskan Yılmaz S, Bilgin A. Synthesis and Characterization of ABA-Type Triblock Copolymers Using Novel Bifunctional PS, PMMA, and PCL Macroinitiators Bearing p-xylene-bis(2-mercaptoethyloxy) Core. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3813. [PMID: 37765667 PMCID: PMC10537302 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of novel bifunctional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-, poly(styrene) (PS)-, and (poly ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators derived from p-xylene-bis(1-hydroxy-3-thia-propanoloxy) core were carried out to obtain ABA-type block copolymers. Firstly, a novel bifunctional ATRP initiator, 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene-thioethane-2,1-diyl)bis(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoat) (PXTBR), synthesized the reaction of p-xylene-bis(1-hydroxy-3-thia-propane) (PXTOH) with α-bromoisobutryl bromide. The PMMA and PS macroinitiators were prepared by ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (S) as monomers using (PXTBR) as the initiator and copper(I) bromide/N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (CuBr/PMDETA) as a catalyst system. Secondly, di(α-bromoester) end-functionalized PCL-based ATRP macronitiator (PXTPCLBr) was prepared by esterification of hydroxyl end groups of PCL-diol (PXTPCLOH) synthesized by Sn(Oct)2-catalyzed ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL in bulk using (PXTOH) as initiator. Finally, ABA-type block copolymers, PXT(PS-b-PMMA-b-PS), PXT(PMMA-b-PS-b-PMMA), PXT(PS-b-PCL-b-PS), and PXT(PMMA-b-PCL-b-PMMA), were synthesized by ATRP of MMA and S as monomers using PMMA-, PS-, and PCL-based macroinitiators in the presence of CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst system in toluene or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at different temperatures. In addition, the extraction abilities of PCL and PS were investigated under liquid-liquid phase conditions using heavy metal picrates (Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) as substrates and measuring with UV-Vis the amounts of picrate in the 1,2-dichloroethane phase before and after treatment with the polymers. The extraction affinity of PXTPCL and PXTPS for Hg2+ was found to be highest in the liquid-liquid phase extraction experiments. Characterizations of the molecular structures for synthesized novel initiators, macroinitiators, and the block copolymers were made by spectroscopic (FT-IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR), DSC, TGA, chromatographic (GPC), and morphologic SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Mısır
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey;
| | - Sevil Savaskan Yılmaz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, University Avenue, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
- UNAM–National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilgin
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
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21
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Chapa-Villarreal FA, Miller M, Rodriguez-Cruz JJ, Pérez-Carlos D, Peppas NA. Self-assembled block copolymer biomaterials for oral delivery of protein therapeutics. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122191. [PMID: 37295223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics have guided a transformation in disease treatment for various clinical conditions. They have been successful in numerous applications, but administration of protein therapeutics has been limited to parenteral routes which can decrease patient compliance as they are invasive and painful. In recent years, the synergistic relationship of novel biomaterials with modern protein therapeutics has been crucial in the treatment of diseases that were once thought of as incurable. This has guided the development of a variety of alternative administration routes, but the oral delivery of therapeutics remains one of the most desirable due to its ease of administration. This review addresses important aspects of micellar structures prepared by self-assembled processes with applications for oral delivery. These two characteristics have not been placed together in previous literature within the field. Therefore, we describe the barriers for delivery of protein therapeutics, and we concentrate in the oral/transmucosal pathway where drug carriers must overcome several chemical, physical, and biological barriers to achieve a successful therapeutic effect. We critically discuss recent research on biomaterials systems for delivering such therapeutics with an emphasis on self-assembled synthetic block copolymers. Polymerization methods and nanoparticle preparation techniques are similarly analyzed as well as relevant work in this area. Based on our own and others' research, we analyze the use of block copolymers as therapeutic carriers and their promise in treating a variety of diseases, with emphasis on self-assembled micelles for the next generation of oral protein therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola A Chapa-Villarreal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - J Jesus Rodriguez-Cruz
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Diego Pérez-Carlos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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22
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Huang YS, Ejeta DD, Lin KY(A, Kuo SW, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. Synthesis of PDMS-μ-PCL Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Combinations ( Є) of Styrenics-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling and Ring-Opening Polymerization and Study of the Self-Assembled Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2355. [PMID: 37630940 PMCID: PMC10457737 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diverse and unique physical properties, miktoarm star copolymers (μ-SCPs) have garnered significant attention. In our study, we employed α-monobomoisobutyryl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-Br) to carry out styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC) in the presence of 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol (VBA) at 0 °C. By achieving high coupling efficiency (χc = 0.95), we obtained mid-chain functionalized PDMS-VBAm-PDMS polymers with benzylic alcohols. Interestingly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis revealed the insertion of only two VBA coupling agents (m = 2). Subsequently, the PDMS-VBA2-PDMS products underwent mid-chain extensions using ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with an efficient organo-catalyst at 40 °C, resulting in the synthesis of novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs. Eventually, novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs were obtained. The obtained PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs were further subjected to examination of their solid-state self-assembly through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Notably, various nanostructures, including lamellae and hexagonally packed cylinders, were observed with a periodic size of approximately 15 nm. As a result, we successfully developed a simple and effective reaction combination (Є) strategy (i.e., SA ATRC-Є-ROP) for the synthesis of well-defined PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs. This approach may open up new possibilities for fabricating nanostructures from siloxane-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Dula Daksa Ejeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Kun-Yi (Andrew) Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
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23
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Voorter PJ, Dev G, Buckinx AL, Dai J, Subramanian P, Kumar A, Cameron NR, Junkers T. From monomer to micelle: a facile approach to the multi-step synthesis of block copolymers via inline purification. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8466-8473. [PMID: 37592997 PMCID: PMC10430632 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A one-pass continuous flow strategy to form block copolymer nanoaggregates directly from monomers is presented. A key development towards such a sophisticated continuous flow setup is a significant improvement in continuous flow dialysis. Often impurities or solvent residues from polymerizations must be removed before block extensions or nanoaggregate formation can be carried out, typically disrupting the workflow. Hence, inline purification systems are required for fully continuous operation and eventual high throughput operation. An inline dialysis purification system is developed and exemplified for amphiphilic block copolymer synthesis from thermal and photoiniferter reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The inline dialysis system is found to be significantly faster than conventional batch dialysis and the kinetics are found to be very predictable with a diffusion velocity coefficient of 4.1 × 10-4 s-1. This is at least 4-5 times faster than conventional dialysis. Moreover, the newly developed setup uses only 57 mL of solvent for purification per gram of polymer, again reducing the required amount by almost an order of magnitude compared to conventional methods. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) or butyl acrylate (BA) was polymerized in a traditional flow reactor as the first block via RAFT polymerization, followed by a 'dialysis loop', which contains a custom-built inline dialysis device. Clearance of residual monomers is monitored via in-line NMR. The purified reaction mixture can then be chain extended in a second reactor stage to obtain block copolymers using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) as the second monomer. In the last step, nano-objects are created, again from flow processes. The process is highly tuneable, showing for the chosen model system a variation in nanoaggregate size from 34 nm to 188 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Voorter
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University 14 Alliance Lane Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Gayathri Dev
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Axel-Laurenz Buckinx
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
- Dulux Australia 1956 Dandenong Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Jinhuo Dai
- Dulux Australia 1956 Dandenong Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University 14 Alliance Lane Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- School of Engineering, Warwick University Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23 Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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24
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Park TW, Kang YL, Kang EB, Kim S, Kim YN, Park WI. Formation of Multiscale Pattern Structures by Combined Patterning of Nanotransfer Printing and Laser Micromachining. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2327. [PMID: 37630912 PMCID: PMC10459525 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Various lithography techniques have been widely used for the fabrication of next-generation device applications. Micro/nanoscale pattern structures formed by lithographic methods significantly improve the performance capabilities of the devices. Here, we introduce a novel method that combines the patterning of nanotransfer printing (nTP) and laser micromachining to fabricate multiscale pattern structures on a wide range of scales. Prior to the formation of various nano-in-micro-in-millimeter (NMM) patterns, the nTP process is employed to obtain periodic nanoscale patterns on the target substrates. Then, an optimum laser-based patterning that effectively engraves various nanopatterned surfaces, in this case, spin-cast soft polymer film, rigid polymer film, a stainless still plate, and a Si substrate, is established. We demonstrate the formation of well-defined square and dot-shaped multiscale NMM-patterned structures by the combined patterning method of nTP and laser processes. Furthermore, we present the generation of unusual text-shaped NMM pattern structures on colorless polyimide (CPI) film, showing optically excellent rainbow luminescence based on the configuration of multiscale patterns from nanoscale to milliscale. We expect that this combined patterning strategy will be extendable to other nano-to-micro fabrication processes for application to various nano/microdevices with complex multiscale pattern geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (T.W.P.); (Y.L.K.); (E.B.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lim Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (T.W.P.); (Y.L.K.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Eun Bin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (T.W.P.); (Y.L.K.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Seungmin Kim
- RanoM R&D Center, RanoM Co., Ltd., Busan 48548, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (T.W.P.); (Y.L.K.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Woon Ik Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (T.W.P.); (Y.L.K.); (E.B.K.)
- RanoM R&D Center, RanoM Co., Ltd., Busan 48548, Republic of Korea;
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25
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Woods S, Tinkler JD, Bensabeh N, Palà M, Martin SJ, Martin-Fabiani I, Lligadas G, Hatton FL. Temperature-Responsive Lactic Acid-Based Nanoparticles by RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Water. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:9979-9988. [PMID: 37448723 PMCID: PMC10337250 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates for the first-time biobased, temperature-responsive diblock copolymer nanoparticles synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) aqueous emulsion polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Here, monomers derived from green solvents of the lactic acid portfolio, N,N-dimethyl lactamide acrylate (DMLA) and ethyl lactate acrylate (ELA), were used. First, DMLA was polymerized by RAFT aqueous solution polymerization to produce a hydrophilic PDMLA macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), which was chain extended with ELA in water to form amphiphilic PDMLA-b-PELA diblock copolymer nanoparticles by RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization. PDMLAx homopolymers were synthesized targeting degrees of polymerization, DPx from 25 to 400, with relatively narrow molecular weight dispersities (Đ < 1.30). The PDMLA64-b-PELAy diblock copolymers (DPy = 10-400) achieved dispersities, Đ, between 1.18 and 1.54 with two distinct glass transition temperatures (Tg) identified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tg(1) (7.4 to 15.7 °C) representative of PELA and Tg(2) (69.1 to 79.7 °C) of PDMLA. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies gave particle z-average diameters between 11 and 74 nm (PDI = 0.04 to 0.20). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed evidence of spherical particles when dispersions were dried at ∼5 °C and film formation when dried at room temperature. Many of these polymers exhibited a reversible lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water with a concomitant increase in z-average diameter for the PDMLA-b-PELA diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
E. Woods
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - James David Tinkler
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Nabil Bensabeh
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic
Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc Palà
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic
Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Simon J. Martin
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic
Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department
of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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26
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Fitzgerald DM, Zhang H, Bordeianu C, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis of Polyethylene Glycol-Poly(glycerol carbonate) Block Copolymeric Micelles as Surfactant-Free Drug Delivery Systems. ACS Macro Lett 2023:974-979. [PMID: 37390500 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of block copolymers of monomethoxylated polyethylene glycol and poly(glycerol carbonate) (mPEG-b-PGC) via the ring-opening polymerization of benzyl glycidyl ether, monomethoxylated polyethylene glycol, and carbon dioxide using a cobalt salen catalyst. The resulting block copolymers display high polymer/cyclic carbonate selectivity (>99%) and, if two oxirane monomers are used, random incorporation into the polymer feed. The resulting diblock mPEG-b-PGC polymer shows promise as a nanocarrier for surfactant-free, sustained chemotherapeutic delivery. mPEG-b-PGC, with paclitaxel conjugated to the pendant primary alcohol of the glycerol polymer backbone, readily forms 175 nm diameter particles in solution and contains 4.6 wt % paclitaxel (PTX), which is released over 42 days. The mPEG-b-PGC polymer itself is noncytotoxic, whereas the PTX-loaded nanoparticles are cytotoxic to lung, breast, and ovarian cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Fitzgerald
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Heng Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Catalina Bordeianu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02214, United States
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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27
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Mandal A, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic living ROMP: block copolymers from macro-chain transfer agents. Polym Chem 2023; 14:2797-2802. [PMID: 37325179 PMCID: PMC10262279 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl ether based macro-chain transfer agents (m-CTAs) are used to produce different di or tri-block copolymers under catalytic living ROMP conditions. Polystyrene (PS) vinyl ether m-CTA and polycaprolactone (PCL) or polylactide vinyl ether (PLA) m-CTAs are synthesized straightforwardly via ATRP and ROP respectively. Regioselectivity as well as the high metathesis activity of these m-CTAs enabled us to synthesise a range of metathesis-based A-B diblock copolymers with controlled dispersities (Đ < 1.4). In this manner, PS-ROMP (here, ROMP refers to a poly(MNI-co-DHF) block), PCL-ROMP and PLA-ROMP were synthesized using substoichiometric amounts of ruthenium complex in a living fashion. Also, a more complex PEG-PCL-ROMP tri-block terpolymer was obtained catalytically. All block copolymers were characterized by SEC and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. We believe that this methodology of using macro-chain transfer agents to prepare degradable ROMP polymers under catalytic living ROMP conditions will find applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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28
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Seo S, Lee JW, Kim DJ, Lee D, Phan TNL, Park J, Tan Z, Cho S, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-PM6 Polymer Donors for High-Performance and Mechanically Robust Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300230. [PMID: 36929364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stretchability are the dual requirements for the wearable application of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most efficient photoactive films are mechanically brittle. In this work, highly efficient (PCE = 18%) and mechanically robust (crack-onset strain (COS) = 18%) PSCs are acheived by designing block copolymer (BCP) donors, PM6-b-PDMSx (x = 5k, 12k, and 19k). In these BCP donors, stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks are covalently linked with the PM6 blocks to effectively increase the stretchability. The stretchability of the BCP donors increases with a longer PDMS block, and PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO PSC exhibits a high PCE (18%) and 9-times higher COS value (18%) compared to that (COS = 2%) of the PM6:L8-BO-based PSC. However, the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS12k ternary blend shows inferior PCE (5%) and COS (1%) due to the macrophase separation between PDMS and active components. In the intrinsically stretchable PSC, the PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO blend exhibits significantly greater mechanical stability PCE80% ((80% of the initial PCE) at 36% strain) than those of the PM6:L8-BO blend (PCE80% at 12% strain) and the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS ternary blend (PCE80% at 4% strain). This study suggests an effective design strategy of BCP PD to achieve stretchable and efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengping Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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29
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Rao MR, Deshpande S, Deshpande P. Dapsone-Loaded Mixed Micellar Gel for Treatment OF Acne Vulgaris. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:109. [PMID: 37100968 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed polymeric micelles are potential nanocarriers for topical drug delivery. Dapsone (DAP) is an antibacterial used as anti-acne agent, but challenged by low water solubility and poor skin permeability. In the present study, DAP-loaded mixed micellar gel was developed comprising Pluronics F-68 and F-127. Micelles were prepared by solvent evaporation method and particle size, ex vivo permeation, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency were determined. Central Composite Design was used to optimize formulation. Independent variables were concentration of Pluronics at three levels while micelle size and drug loading capacities were dependent variables. Droplet size ranged from 400 to 500 nm. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology of micelles. Optimized micelles were incorporated into gel base using HPMC K100M, Sodium CMC, and Carbopol 980 as gelling agents. Gels were evaluated for pH, drug content, spreadability, rheology, syneresis, ex vivo permeation, and subacute dermal toxicity. Compared with solubility of free DAP (0.24+0.056 µg/ml), solubility in mixed micelles was 18.42±3.4 µg/ml in water at room temperature. Order of spreadability of gels was Na CMC < HPMC < Carbopol 980. Carbopol gels displayed thixotropy with index of 3.17. Syneresis for all gels from day 0 to day 30 was found to be in range of 4.2 to 15.6% w/w. Subacute dermal toxicity studies showed no signs of erythema and edema on rat skin until 21 days. These results suggest that mixed micelles can significantly increase solubility and permeability and sustain release of DAP and are suitable carriers for topical DAP delivery in anti-acne therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rp Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near R.T.O., Maharashtra, 411001, Pune, India.
| | - Sushant Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near R.T.O., Pune, 411001, India
| | - Padmanabh Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Near R.T.O., Pune, 411001, India
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30
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Yadav R, Kumar K, Kumar S, Mor S, Venkatesu P. Smart Anisotropic Colloidal Composites: A Suitable Platform for Modifying the Phase Transition of Diblock Copolymers by Gold Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4809-4818. [PMID: 36944025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) by stimuli-responsive polymers is a benign method to prepare smart colloidal composites which tune the characteristic properties of individual systems. The temperature-dependent transition of diblock copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNIPMA-b-PVCL) synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was studied by incorporating anisotropic gold NPs (AGPs) such as spheres (AuNSs), rods (AuNRs), cubes (AuNCs), and rhombic dodecahedrals (AuRDs). Shape-dependent physiochemical properties of nanostructures alter the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the chemical inhomogeneous diblock copolymer. Heterogeneous nucleation of AuNPs was facilitated by seed-mediated synthesis for incorporating uniformity. In the mixed system, the presence of PNIPAM-b-PVCL modifies the surface of AGPs through physisorption which is supported by transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy showing the NPs embedding in the polymeric matrix. Furthermore, steady state fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to examine the phase transition behavior of PNIPAM-b-PVCL in AGPs. The formation of a smart polymer nanocomposite alters the physiochemical properties of the diblock copolymer as demonstrated from the variation of LCST in the dynamic light scattering measurement. Henceforth, functionalizing the surfaces of AGPs with a thermoresponsive diblock copolymer provides combinatorial benefits in the properties of smart polymeric colloidal systems with potential applications in bioimaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Mor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India
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Javan Nikkhah S, Sammalkorpi M. Single core and multicore aggregates from a polymer mixture: A dissipative particle dynamics study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:231-241. [PMID: 36587575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Multicore block copolymer aggregates correspond to self-assembly such that the polymer system spontaneously phase separates to multiple, droplet-like cores differing in the composition from the polymer surroundings. Such multiple core aggregates are highly useful capsules for different applications, e.g., drug transport, catalysis, controlled solvation, and chemical reactions platforms. We postulate that polymer system composition provides a direct means for designing polymer systems that self-assemble to such morphologies and controlling the assembly response. SIMULATIONS Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we examine the self-assembly of a mixture of highly and weakly solvophobic homopolymers and an amphiphilic block copolymer in the presence of solvent. We map the multicore vs single core (core-shell particles) assembly response and aggregate structure in terms of block copolymer concentration, polymer component ratios, and chain length of the weakly solvophobic homopolymer. FINDINGS For fixed components and polymer chemistries, the amount of block copolymer is the key to controlling single core vs multicore aggregation. We find a polymer system dependent critical copolymer concentration for the multicore aggregation and that a minimum level of incompatibility between the solvent and the weakly solvophobic component is required for multicore assembly. We discuss the implications for polymer system design for multicore assemblies. In summary, the study presents guidelines to produce multicore aggregates and to tune the assembly from multicore aggregation to single core core-shell particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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Feng H, Chae CG, Eom C, Craig GSW, Rowan SJ, Nealey PF. Synthesis and Characterization of Amine-Epoxy-Functionalized Polystyrene- block-Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) to Manage Morphology and Covarying Properties for Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly of Poly(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate-co-(oligo ethylene glycol)methacrylate) Random Copolymers and Their Modified Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061519. [PMID: 36987299 PMCID: PMC10059824 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis and the stimuli-responsive self-assembly behavior of novel double-hydrophilic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-(oligo ethylene glycol)methacrylate) random copolymers and their chemically modified derivatives are presented. The synthesis of P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymers of different DMAEMA mass compositions was successfully conducted through RAFT polymerization, further followed by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic quaternization with methyl iodide (CH3I), 1-iodohexane (C6H13I), and 1-iodododecane (C12H25I). The tertiary and quaternary amines are randomly arranged within the DMAEMA segment, responding thus to pH, temperature, and salt alterations in aqueous solutions. Light scattering techniques elucidated the intramolecular self-folding and intermolecular self-assembly of polymer chains of P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymers upon exposure to different pHs and temperatures. Q(P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA)) cationic polyelectrolytes demonstrated moderate response to pH, temperature, and ionic strength as a result of the permanent hydrophilic/hydrophobic profile, closely connected with the attached alkyl chains and the quaternization degree. Moreover, fluorescence spectroscopy measurements confirmed the internal micropolarity and the picture of the aggregate inner structure.
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Huo Z, Arora S, Kong VA, Myrga BJ, Statt A, Laaser JE. Effect of Polymer Composition and Morphology on Mechanochemical Activation in Nanostructured Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:1845-1854. [PMID: 36938512 PMCID: PMC10018773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of composition and morphology on mechanochemical activation in nanostructured block copolymers was investigated in a series of poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA) triblock copolymers containing a force-responsive spiropyran unit in the center of the rubbery PnBA midblock. Triblock copolymers with identical PnBA midblocks and varying lengths of PMMA end-blocks were synthesized from a spiropyran-containing macroinitiatior via atom transfer radical polymerization, yielding polymers with volume fractions of PMMA ranging from 0.21 to 0.50. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the polymers self-assembled into spherical and cylindrical nanostructures. Simultaneous tensile tests and optical measurements revealed that mechanochemical activation is strongly correlated to the chemical composition and morphologies of the triblock copolymers. As the glassy (PMMA) block content is increased, the overall activation increases, and the onset of activation occurs at lower strain but higher stress, which agrees with predictions from our previous computational work. These results suggest that the self-assembly of nanostructured morphologies can play an important role in controlling mechanochemical activation in polymeric materials and provide insights into how polymer composition and morphology impact molecular-scale force distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Huo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Swati Arora
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Victoria A. Kong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Brandon J. Myrga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Antonia Statt
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Laaser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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35
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Rappoport S, Chrysostomou V, Kafetzi M, Pispas S, Talmon Y. Self-Aggregation in Aqueous Media of Amphiphilic Diblock and Random Block Copolymers Composed of Monomers with Long Side Chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3380-3390. [PMID: 36802652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers and hydrophobically modified random block copolymers can self-assemble into different structures in a selective solvent. The formed structures depend on the copolymer properties, such as the ratio between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic segments and their nature. In this work, we characterize by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) the amphiphilic copolymers poly(2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-b-PLMA) and their quaternized derivatives QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA at different ratios between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic segments. We present the various structures formed by these copolymers, including spherical and cylindrical micelles, as well as unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles. We also examined by these methods the random diblock copolymers poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (P(DMAEMA-co-Q6/12DMAEMA)-b-POEGMA), which are partially hydrophobically modified by iodohexane (Q6) or iodododecane (Q12). The polymers with a small POEGMA block did not form any specific nanostructure, while a polymer with a larger POEGMA block formed spherical and cylindrical micelles. This nanostructural characterization could lead to the efficient design and use of these polymers as carriers of hydrophobic or hydrophilic compounds for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Rappoport
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Kafetzi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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36
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Tang M, Zhong Z, Ke C. Advanced supramolecular design for direct ink writing of soft materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1614-1649. [PMID: 36779285 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The exciting advancements in 3D-printing of soft materials are changing the landscape of materials development and fabrication. Among various 3D-printers that are designed for soft materials fabrication, the direct ink writing (DIW) system is particularly attractive for chemists and materials scientists due to the mild fabrication conditions, compatibility with a wide range of organic and inorganic materials, and the ease of multi-materials 3D-printing. Inks for DIW need to possess suitable viscoelastic properties to allow for smooth extrusion and be self-supportive after printing, but molecularly facilitating 3D printability to functional materials remains nontrivial. While supramolecular binding motifs have been increasingly used for 3D-printing, these inks are largely optimized empirically for DIW. Hence, this review aims to establish a clear connection between the molecular understanding of the supramolecularly bound motifs and their viscoelastic properties at bulk. Herein, extrudable (but not self-supportive) and 3D-printable (self-supportive) polymeric materials that utilize noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, host-guest inclusion, metal-ligand coordination, micro-crystallization, and van der Waals interaction, have been discussed in detail. In particular, the rheological distinctions between extrudable and 3D-printable inks have been discussed from a supramolecular design perspective. Examples shown in this review also highlight the exciting macroscale functions amplified from the molecular design. Challenges associated with the hierarchical control and characterization of supramolecularly designed DIW inks are also outlined. The perspective of utilizing supramolecular binding motifs in soft materials DIW printing has been discussed. This review serves to connect researchers across disciplines to develop innovative solutions that connect top-down 3D-printing and bottom-up supramolecular design to accelerate the development of 3D-print soft materials for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
| | - Zhuoran Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA.
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37
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Bhattacharjee S, Pandit S, Bahadur P, Seth D. Photophysical Studies of a Hydrophilic Molecule in Normal and Reverse Tetronics® Solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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38
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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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39
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Plank M, Frieß FV, Bitsch CV, Pieschel J, Reitenbach J, Gallei M. Modular Synthesis of Functional Block Copolymers by Thiol–Maleimide “Click” Chemistry for Porous Membrane Formation. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Volker Frieß
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carina Vera Bitsch
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Pieschel
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julija Reitenbach
- Ernst-Berl Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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40
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Gouveia MG, Wesseler JP, Ramaekers J, Weder C, Scholten PBV, Bruns N. Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis? Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:728-778. [PMID: 36537575 PMCID: PMC9890519 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics are an attractive alternative to established therapeutic approaches and represent one of the fastest growing families of drugs. While many of these proteins can be delivered using established formulations, the intrinsic sensitivity of proteins to denaturation sometimes calls for a protective carrier to allow administration. Historically, lipid-based self-assembled structures, notably liposomes, have performed this function. After the discovery of polymersome-based targeted drug-delivery systems, which offer manifold advantages over lipid-based structures, the scientific community expected that such systems would take the therapeutic world by storm. However, no polymersome formulations have been commercialised. In this review article, we discuss key obstacles for the sluggish translation of polymersome-based protein nanocarriers into approved pharmaceuticals, which include limitations imparted by the use of non-degradable polymers, the intricacies of polymersome production methods, and the complexity of the in vivo journey of polymersomes across various biological barriers. Considering this complex subject from a polymer chemist's point of view, we highlight key areas that are worthy to explore in order to advance polymersomes to a level at which clinical trials become worthwhile and translation into pharmaceutical and nanomedical applications is realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael G Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Justus P Wesseler
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jobbe Ramaekers
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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41
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Jeong KJ, Jeong S, Lee S, Son CY. Predictive Molecular Models for Charged Materials Systems: From Energy Materials to Biomacromolecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204272. [PMID: 36373701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions play a dominant role in charged materials systems. Understanding the complex correlation between macroscopic properties with microscopic structures is of critical importance to develop rational design strategies for advanced materials. But the complexity of this challenging task is augmented by interfaces present in the charged materials systems, such as electrode-electrolyte interfaces or biological membranes. Over the last decades, predictive molecular simulations that are founded in fundamental physics and optimized for charged interfacial systems have proven their value in providing molecular understanding of physicochemical properties and functional mechanisms for diverse materials. Novel design strategies utilizing predictive models have been suggested as promising route for the rational design of materials with tailored properties. Here, an overview of recent advances in the understanding of charged interfacial systems aided by predictive molecular simulations is presented. Focusing on three types of charged interfaces found in energy materials and biomacromolecules, how the molecular models characterize ion structure, charge transport, morphology relation to the environment, and the thermodynamics/kinetics of molecular binding at the interfaces is discussed. The critical analysis brings two prominent field of energy materials and biological science under common perspective, to stimulate crossover in both research field that have been largely separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
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42
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Chen S, Yang M, Li H, Zhao H, Xu X, He W, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Successive Visible Light-Controlled Synthesis of Block Copolymers by Combination of BIT-RDRP and ROP Strategy. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters mediated by zinc complexes coordinated with benzotriazo-based imino-phenoxy ligands. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Mandal I, Mandal A, Kilbinger AFM. Macrochain Transfer Agents for Catalytic Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1384-1389. [PMID: 36455213 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A monosubstituted 1,3-diene derivative attached to a polymer is demonstrated to act as a macrochain transfer agent in catalytic ring-opening metathesis polymerization. PEG- and PLA-based macrochain transfer agents were synthesized in a few steps and were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. Poly(l-lactide) based diblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-based diblock, and triblock (ABA type) copolymers of varied chain lengths were prepared catalytically in a one-pot approach via metathesis polymerization. Block copolymers were characterized by SEC and showed monomodal molecular weight distributions. Moreover, DOSY NMR spectroscopy further proved the block microstructures of the synthesized polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indradip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ankita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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45
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Non-Ionic Surfactant Effects on Innate Pluronic 188 Behavior: Interactions, and Physicochemical and Biocompatibility Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213814. [PMID: 36430294 PMCID: PMC9697813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to prepare novel block copolymer-surfactant hybrid nanosystems using the triblock copolymer Pluronic 188, along with surfactants of different hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB ratio-which indicates the degree to which a surfactant is hydrophilic or hydrophobic) and thermotropic behavior. The surfactants used were of non-ionic nature, of which Tween 80® and Brij 58® were more hydrophilic, while Span 40® and Span 60® were more hydrophobic. Each surfactant has unique innate thermal properties and an affinity towards Pluronic 188. The nanosystems were formulated through mixing the pluronic with the surfactants at three different ratios, namely 90:10, 80:20, and 50:50, using the thin-film hydration technique and keeping the pluronic concentration constant. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared nanosystems were evaluated using various light scattering techniques, while their thermotropic behavior was characterized via microDSC and high-resolution ultrasound spectroscopy. Microenvironmental parameters were attained through the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, while the cytotoxicity of the nanocarriers was studied in vitro. The results indicate that the combination of Pluronic 188 with the above surfactants was able to produce hybrid homogeneous nanoparticle populations of adequately small diameters. The different surfactants had a clear effect on physicochemical parameters such as the size, hydrodynamic diameter, and polydispersity index of the final formulation. The mixing of surfactants with the pluronic clearly changed its thermotropic behavior and thermal transition temperature (Tm) and highlighted the specific interactions that occurred between the different materials, as well as the effect of increasing the surfactant concentration on inherent polymer characteristics and behavior. The formulated nanosystems were found to be mostly of minimal toxicity. The obtained results demonstrate that the thin-film hydration method can be used for the formulation of pluronic-surfactant hybrid nanoparticles, which in turn exhibit favorable characteristics in terms of their possible use in drug delivery applications. This investigation can be used as a road map for the selection of an appropriate nanosystem as a novel vehicle for drug delivery.
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46
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Redox-responsive waterborne polyurethane nanocarriers for targeted doxorubicin delivery. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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47
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Ma S, Hou Y, Hao J, Lin C, Zhao J, Sui X. Well-Defined Nanostructures by Block Copolymers and Mass Transport Applications in Energy Conversion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214568. [PMID: 36365562 PMCID: PMC9655174 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the speedy progress in the research of nanomaterials, self-assembly technology has captured the high-profile interest of researchers because of its simplicity and ease of spontaneous formation of a stable ordered aggregation system. The self-assembly of block copolymers can be precisely regulated at the nanoscale to overcome the physical limits of conventional processing techniques. This bottom-up assembly strategy is simple, easy to control, and associated with high density and high order, which is of great significance for mass transportation through membrane materials. In this review, to investigate the regulation of block copolymer self-assembly structures, we systematically explored the factors that affect the self-assembly nanostructure. After discussing the formation of nanostructures of diverse block copolymers, this review highlights block copolymer-based mass transport membranes, which play the role of “energy enhancers” in concentration cells, fuel cells, and rechargeable batteries. We firmly believe that the introduction of block copolymers can facilitate the novel energy conversion to an entirely new plateau, and the research can inform a new generation of block copolymers for more promotion and improvement in new energy applications.
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48
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Williams ER, van den Bergh W, Stefik M. High- χ, low- N micelles from partially perfluorinated block polymers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7917-7930. [PMID: 36017726 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Kinetically trapped ("persistent") micelles enable emerging applications requiring a constant core diameter. Preserving a χN barrier to chain exchange with low-N requires a commensurately higher χcore-solvent for micelle persistence. Low-N, high-χ micelles containing fluorophobic interactions were studied using poly(ethylene oxide-b-perfluorooctyl acrylate)s (O45FX, x = 8, 11) in methanolic solutions. DLS analysis of micelles revealed chain exchange only for O45F8 while SAXS analysis suggested elongated core block conformations commensurate with the contour lengths. Micelle chain exchange from solution perturbations were examined by characterizing their behavior as templates for inorganic materials via SAXS and SEM. In contrast to the F8 analog, the larger χN barrier for the O45F11 enabled persistent micelle behavior in both thin films and bulk samples despite the low Tg micelle core. Careful measures of micelle core diameters and pore sizes revealed that the nanoparticle distribution extended through the corona and 0.52 ± 0.15 nm into the core-corona interface, highlighting thermodynamics favoring both locations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Wessel van den Bergh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Morgan Stefik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Liang R, Song Q, Li R, Le AN, Fu X, Xue Y, Ji X, Li W, Zhong M. Rapid Access to Diverse Multicomponent Hierarchical Nanostructures from Mixed‐Graft Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210067. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Qingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - An N. Le
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yazhen Xue
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
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50
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Mistry B, Murthy CN. Synthesis and properties of ABA type triblock copolymer from poly(dimethylsiloxane) macroinitiator: Development of novel attachable initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2128817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavita Mistry
- Macromolecular Materials Laboratory, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - C. N. Murthy
- Macromolecular Materials Laboratory, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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