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Bucur B, Purcarea C, Andreescu S, Vasilescu A. Addressing the Selectivity of Enzyme Biosensors: Solutions and Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3038. [PMID: 33926034 PMCID: PMC8123588 DOI: 10.3390/s21093038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic biosensors enjoy commercial success and are the subject of continued research efforts to widen their range of practical application. For these biosensors to reach their full potential, their selectivity challenges need to be addressed by comprehensive, solid approaches. This review discusses the status of enzymatic biosensors in achieving accurate and selective measurements via direct biocatalytic and inhibition-based detection, with a focus on electrochemical enzyme biosensors. Examples of practical solutions for tackling the activity and selectivity problems and preventing interferences from co-existing electroactive compounds in the samples are provided such as the use of permselective membranes, sentinel sensors and coupled multi-enzyme systems. The effect of activators, inhibitors or enzymatic substrates are also addressed by coupled enzymatic reactions and multi-sensor arrays combined with data interpretation via chemometrics. In addition to these more traditional approaches, the review discusses some ingenious recent approaches, detailing also on possible solutions involving the use of nanomaterials to ensuring the biosensors' selectivity. Overall, the examples presented illustrate the various tools available when developing enzyme biosensors for new applications and stress the necessity to more comprehensively investigate their selectivity and validate the biosensors versus standard analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Bucur
- National Institute for Research and Development in Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Purcarea
- Institute of Biology, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA;
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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A Fluidics-Based Biosensor to Detect and Characterize Inhibition Patterns of Organophosphate to Acetylcholinesterase in Food Materials. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040397. [PMID: 33916863 PMCID: PMC8065683 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A chip-based electrochemical biosensor is developed herein for the detection of organophosphate (OP) in food materials. The principle of the sensing platform is based on the inhibition of dimethoate (DMT), a typical OP that specifically inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Carbon nanotube-modified gold electrodes functionalized with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and oxidized nanocellulose (NC) were investigated for the sensing of OP, yielding high sensitivity. Compared with noncovalent adsorption and deposition in bovine serum albumin, bioconjugation with lysine side chain activation allowed the enzyme to be stable over three weeks at room temperature. The total amount of AChE was quantified, whose activity inhibition was highly linear with respect to DMT concentration. Increased incubation times and/or DMT concentration decreased current flow. The composite electrode showed a sensitivity 4.8-times higher than that of the bare gold electrode. The biosensor was challenged with organophosphate-spiked food samples and showed a limit of detection (LOD) of DMT at 4.1 nM, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) at 12.6 nM, in the linear range of 10 nM to 1000 nM. Such performance infers significant potential for the use of this system in the detection of organophosphates in real samples.
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Song M, Pang S, Guo F, Wong M, Hao J. Fluoride-Free 2D Niobium Carbide MXenes as Stable and Biocompatible Nanoplatforms for Electrochemical Biosensors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001546. [PMID: 33344117 PMCID: PMC7739949 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, 2D niobium carbide MXene has drawn vast attention due to its merits of large surface area, good metallic conductivity, and tunable band gap, making it desirable for various applications. However, the usage of highly toxic fluoride-containing etchant and quite long etching time in the conventional synthesis route has greatly hindered further exploration of MXene, especially restricting its biomedical application. Herein, novel fluoride-free Nb2CT x nanosheets are prepared by a facile strategy of electrochemical etching (E-etching) exfoliation. Taking advantage of rapid aluminum clearance, excellent chemical stability, and biocompatibility from the MXene by E-etching, fluoride-free Nb2CT x /acetylcholinesterase-based biosensors are constructed for phosmet detection with the limit of detection down to 0.046 ng mL-1. The fabricated Nb2CT x -based biosensor is superior to the counterpart from hydrofluoric acid-etched Nb2CT x , indicating that fluoride-free MXene can enhance the enzyme activity and electron transfer in the biosensor. The results prove that the fluorine-free MXene shows promise for developing biosensors with high performance of ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity. It is highly expected that the fluoride-free MXene as a stable and biocompatible nanoplatform has great potential to be expanded to many other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Song
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Sin‐Yi Pang
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Man‐Chung Wong
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077P. R. China
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Facile and Low-Cost SPE Modification Towards Ultra-Sensitive Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticide Detection in Olive Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214988. [PMID: 33126549 PMCID: PMC7672650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that a considerable amount of effort has been invested in the development of biosensors for the detection of pesticides, there is still a lack of a simple and low-cost platform that can reliably and sensitively detect their presence in real samples. Herein, an enzyme-based biosensor for the determination of both carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides is presented that is based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized on commercially available screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs) modified with carbon black (CB), as a means to enhance their conductivity. Most interestingly, two different methodologies to deposit the enzyme onto the sensor surfaces were followed; strikingly different results were obtained depending on the family of pesticides under investigation. Furthermore, and towards the uniform application of the functionalization layer onto the SPEs’ surfaces, the laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) technique was employed in conjunction with CB functionalization, which allowed a considerable improvement of the sensor’s performance. Under the optimized conditions, the fabricated sensors can effectively detect carbofuran in a linear range from 1.1 × 10−9 to 2.3 × 10−8 mol/L, with a limit of detection equal to 0.6 × 10−9 mol/L and chlorpyrifos in a linear range from 0.7 × 10−9 up to 1.4 × 10−8 mol/L and a limit of detection 0.4 × 10−9 mol/L in buffer. The developed biosensor was also interrogated with olive oil samples, and was able to detect both pesticides at concentrations below 10 ppb, which is the maximum residue limit permitted by the European Food Safety Authority.
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Kaushal S, Nanda SS, Samal S, Yi DK. Strategies for the Development of Metallic‐Nanoparticle‐Based Label‐Free Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications. Chembiochem 2019; 21:576-600. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaushal
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Myong Ji Road 116 17058 Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Sitansu Sekhar Nanda
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Myong Ji Road 116 17058 Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Shashadhar Samal
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringGIST 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro Buk-gu 61005 Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Myong Ji Road 116 17058 Yongin Republic of Korea
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Li T, Berberich J, Sahle-Demessie E, Varughese E. A disposable acetylcholine esterase sensor for As(III) determination in groundwater matrix based on 4-acetoxyphenol hydrolysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:5203-5213. [PMID: 32021658 PMCID: PMC6997941 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay01199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of field compatible analytical method for the speciation of As(III) to characterize groundwater pollution at anthropogenic sites. To address this issue, an inhibition-based acetylcholine esterase (AchE) sensor was developed to determine As(III) in groundwater. 4-Acetoxyphenol was employed to develop an amperometric assay for AchE activity. This assay was used to guide the fabrication of an AchE sensor with screen-printed carbon electrode. An As(III) determination protocol was developed based on the pseudo-irreversible inhibition mechanism. The analysis has a dynamic range of 2-500 μM (150 - 37,500 μg L-1) for As(III). The sensor exhibited the same dynamic range and sensitivity in a synthetic groundwater matrix. The electrode was stable for at least 150 days at 22 ± 2 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Jason Berberich
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Eunice Varughese
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
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Alvau MD, Tartaggia S, Meneghello A, Casetta B, Calia G, Serra PA, Polo F, Toffoli G. Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Anticancer Drug Irinotecan. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6012-6019. [PMID: 29658266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring pharmaceutical drug concentrations in patients' biofluids at designated intervals, thus allowing a close and timely control of their dosage. To date, TDM in oncology can only be performed by trained personnel in centralized laboratories and core facilities employing conventional analytical techniques (e.g., MS). CPT-11 is an antineoplastic drug that inhibits topoisomerase type I, causing cell death, and is widely used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. CPT-11 was also found to directly inhibit acetylcholine esterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in neuromuscular junction. In this work, we describe an enzymatic biosensor, based on AChE and choline oxidase (ChOx), which can quantify CPT-11. ACh (acetylcholine) substrate is converted to choline, which is subsequently metabolized by ChOx to give betaine aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The latter one is then oxidized at a suitably polarized platinum electrode, providing a current transient proportional to the amount of ACh. Such an enzymatic process is hampered by CPT-11. The biosensor showed a ∼60% maximal inhibition toward AChE activity in the clinically relevant concentration range 10-10 000 ng/mL of CPT-11 in both simple (phosphate buffer) and complex (fetal bovine serum) matrixes, while its metabolites showed negligible effects. These findings could open new routes toward a real-time TDM in oncology, thus improving the therapeutic treatments and lowering the related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Domenica Alvau
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Stefano Tartaggia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Anna Meneghello
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Bruno Casetta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Giammario Calia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Pharmacology , University of Sassari , Viale San Pietro 43/b , Sassari , Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Serra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Pharmacology , University of Sassari , Viale San Pietro 43/b , Sassari , Italy
| | - Federico Polo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Division , CRO Aviano - National Cancer Institute , Aviano , Italy
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Nasir MZM, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Two-Dimensional 1T-Phase Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Nanocarriers To Enhance and Stabilize Enzyme Activity for Electrochemical Pesticide Detection. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5774-5784. [PMID: 28586194 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single or few layers lithium-exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are found to exist predominantly in the conducting metallic 1T-polymorph, which makes it desirable for numerous applications due to its large surface area, good electrical conductivity, and enhanced electrocatalytic capabilities. We demonstrated the use of tert-butyllithium exfoliated TMDs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2) as a platform for the indirect electrochemical detection of an organophosphate pesticide, fenitrothion, via enzymatic inhibition pathway. All four reported materials enhanced the response of the enzymatic biosensor in comparison to the corresponding biosensor in the absence of TMDs. 1T-Phase WS2 outperforms all other TMD materials, and we proved that it serves as an excellent transducer for enhancing electron transfer in a robust model enzyme-based inhibition assay system using cross-linking immobilization with glutaraldehyde. The reported system showed a broad fenitrothion concentration range (1-1000 nM) with an excellent linearity (r = 0.987). Moreover, the system displayed high sensitivity with low limit of detection (2.86 nM) obtained, which far exceeds the required limit set by Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). The feasibility of the proposed system in real samples was demonstrated in apple juice samples with good recoveries of 80.2% and 80.3% obtained at 10 and 1000 nM fenitrothion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zafir Mohamad Nasir
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Gumpu MB, Nesakumar N, Nagarajan S, Ramanujam S, Krishnan UM, Babu KJ, Rayappan JBB. Design and Development of Acetylthiocholine Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Zinc Oxide-Cerium Oxide Nanohybrid Modified Platinum Electrode. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:662-671. [PMID: 28299407 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme has been predominantly used for the detection of pesticides and metal ions. But, these sensors respond to pesticides as well as metal ions at certain concentration, which results in poor selectivity. Hence in this work, the amount of thiocholine produced during AChE inhibition has been estimated to detect the residual activity of AChE enzyme in-turn to enhance the efficiency of the biosensor. In this context, Pt/ZnO-CeO2/AChE/Chitosan based biosensor has been developed for sensitive voltammetric quantification of thiocholine in AChE. The sensor exhibited enhanced electron transfer rate, good conductivity and biocompatibility. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters were simultaneously optimized using second order polynomial regression to get the best conditions for ATCh determination. Under optimized experimental conditions, the redox peak current was linear over the concentration range of 0.1-1.5 mM with detection and quantification limit of 0.05 and 0.15 μM respectively and the sensitivity of 1.47 μA mM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Bhargavi Gumpu
- Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Srinidhi Nagarajan
- Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Sadhana Ramanujam
- Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - K Jayanth Babu
- Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Nanosensors Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
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Amine A, Arduini F, Moscone D, Palleschi G. Recent advances in biosensors based on enzyme inhibition. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 76:180-94. [PMID: 26227311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibitors like drugs and pollutants are closely correlated to human and environmental health, thus their monitoring is of paramount importance in analytical chemistry. Enzymatic biosensors represent cost-effective, miniaturized and easy to use devices; particularly biosensors based on enzyme inhibition are useful analytical tools for fast screening and monitoring of inhibitors. The present review will highlight the research carried out in the last 9 years (2006-2014) on biosensors based on enzyme inhibition. We underpin the recent advances focused on the investigation in new theoretical approachs and in the evaluation of biosensor performances for reversible and irreversible inhibitors. The use of nanomaterials and microfluidic systems as well as the applications of the various biosensors in real samples is critically reviewed, demonstrating that such biosensors allow the development of useful devices for a fast and reliable alarm system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amine
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - F Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Biostrutture e Biosistemi "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - D Moscone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Biostrutture e Biosistemi "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - G Palleschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Biostrutture e Biosistemi "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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PINO F, IVANDINI TA, NAKATA K, FUJISHIMA A, MERKOÇI A, EINAGA Y. Magnetic Enzymatic Platform for Organophosphate Pesticide Detection Using Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1061-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio PINO
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, ICN2 - Institut Català de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (CERCA-CSIC-UAB)
| | - Tribidasari A. IVANDINI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok
| | - Kazuya NAKATA
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Akira FUJISHIMA
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Arben MERKOÇI
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, ICN2 - Institut Català de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (CERCA-CSIC-UAB)
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
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Pohanka M. Voltammetric assay of butyrylcholinesterase in plasma samples and its comparison to the standard spectrophotometric test. Talanta 2014; 119:412-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pohanka M, Adam V, Kizek R. An acetylcholinesterase-based chronoamperometric biosensor for fast and reliable assay of nerve agents. SENSORS 2013; 13:11498-506. [PMID: 23999806 PMCID: PMC3821328 DOI: 10.3390/s130911498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important part of cholinergic nervous system, where it stops neurotransmission by hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is sensitive to inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, some Alzheimer disease drugs, secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins and nerve agents used in chemical warfare. When immobilized on a sensor (physico-chemical transducer), it can be used for assay of these inhibitors. In the experiments described herein, an AChE- based electrochemical biosensor using screen printed electrode systems was prepared. The biosensor was used for assay of nerve agents such as sarin, soman, tabun and VX. The limits of detection achieved in a measuring protocol lasting ten minutes were 7.41 × 10−12 mol/L for sarin, 6.31 × 10−12 mol/L for soman, 6.17 × 10−11 mol/L for tabun, and 2.19 × 10−11 mol/L for VX, respectively. The assay was reliable, with minor interferences caused by the organic solvents ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile. Isopropanol was chosen as suitable medium for processing lipophilic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, CZ-500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Karel English College in Brno, Sujanovo namesti 356/1, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-973-251-519; Fax: +420-495-518-094
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (V.A.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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