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Williams E, Pauley A, Dewan A. The behavioral sensitivity of mice to acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298448. [PMID: 38394306 PMCID: PMC10890753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a large class of naturally occurring fragrant molecules. These chemicals are commonly used in olfactory studies to survey neural activity and probe the behavioral limits of odor discrimination. Monoterpenes (typically in the form of essential oils) have been used for centuries for therapeutic purposes and have pivotal roles in various biological and medical applications. Despite their importance for multiple lines of research using rodent models and the role of the olfactory system in detecting these volatile chemicals, the murine sensitivity to monoterpenes remains mostly unexplored. We assayed the ability of C57BL/6J mice to detect nine different monoterpenes (the acyclic monoterpenes: geraniol, citral, and linalool; the monocyclic monoterpenes: r-limonene, s-limonene, and γ-terpinene; and the bicyclic monoterpenes: eucalyptol, α-pinene, and β-pinene) using a head-fixed Go / No-Go operant conditioning assay. We found that mice can reliably detect monoterpene concentrations in the low parts per billion (ppb) range. Specifically, mice were most sensitive to geraniol (threshold: 0.7 ppb) and least sensitive to γ-terpinene (threshold: 18.1 ppb). These estimations of sensitivity serve to set the lower limit of relevant monoterpene concentrations for functional experiments in mice. To define an upper limit, we estimated the maximum concentrations that a mouse may experience in nature by collating published headspace analyses of monoterpene concentrations emitted from natural sources. We found that natural monoterpenes concentrations typically ranged from ~1 to 1000 ppb. It is our hope that this dataset will help researchers use appropriate monoterpene concentrations for functional studies and provide context for the vapor-phase delivery of these chemicals in studies investigating their biological activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Williams
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Austin Pauley
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Adam Dewan
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
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Bouzidi H, Fayad L, Coeur C, Houzel N, Petitprez D, Faccinetto A, Wu J, Tomas A, Ondráček J, Schwarz J, Ždímal V, Zuend A. Hygroscopic growth and CCN activity of secondary organic aerosol produced from dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153010. [PMID: 35026240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic growth factor (GF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles produced during dark ozonolysis of γ-terpinene under different reaction conditions were investigated. The SOA particles were produced in the presence or absence of cyclohexane, an OH scavenger; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, an anthropogenic volatile organic compound; and (NH4)2SO4 seed particles. A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer was used to determine the GFs of the SOA particles at RHs ≤ 93%. For some experiments, a CCN counter was used for size-resolved measurement of CCN activation at supersaturation (S) in the range of 0.1 to 1%. The single hygroscopicity parameter κ was derived from both the GF and CCN measurements. Under subsaturated conditions, all the SOA (except those in the presence of the (NH4)2SO4 seeds) showed small GF values. These GFs demonstrated that SOA mass loading affected the GF. A decrease in the SOA mass loading led to increased GF and corresponding κGFvalues. However, in a supersaturation regime, the SOA mass loading and the size of the particles did not significantly alter the CCN activity of the SOA. Our CCN measurements showed higher κCCN values (κCCN = 0.20-0.24) than those observed in most monoterpene ozonolysis studies (κCCN = 0.1-0.14). This difference may have been due to the presence of the two endocyclic double bonds in the γ-terpinene structure, which may have affected the SOA chemical composition, in contrast to monoterpenes that contain an exocyclic double bond. Our comparisons of sub- and supersaturated conditions showed a larger range of κ values than other experiments. Average κCCN/κGF ratios of ~7 and 14 were obtained in the unseeded SOA experiments at low and high SOA mass loadings, respectively. The average κCCN of 0.23 indicated that the SOA produced during ozonolysis of γ-terpinene exhibited fairly high CCN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Bouzidi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic; IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Layal Fayad
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | - Cecile Coeur
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | - Nicolas Houzel
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque 59140, France
| | | | | | - Junteng Wu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS PC2A, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Tomas
- IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Schwarz
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Ždímal
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Department of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Prague CZ-16502, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
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Li S, Yuan X, Xu Y, Li Z, Feng Z, Yue X, Paoletti E. Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from leaves and fruits of apple and peach trees during fruit development. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:152-163. [PMID: 34465429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are widely involved in a variety of atmospheric chemical processes due to their high reactivity and species diversity. To date, however, research on BVOCs in agroecosystems, particularly fruit trees, remains scarce despite their large cultivation area and economic interest. BVOC emissions from different organs (leaf or fruit) of apple and peach trees were investigated throughout the stages of fruit development (FS, fruit swelling; FC, fruit coloration; FM, fruit maturity; and FP, fruit postharvest) using a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. Results indicated that methanol was the most abundant compound emitted by the leaf (apple tree leaf 492.5 ± 47.9 ng/(g·hr), peach tree leaf 938.8 ± 154.5 ng/(g·hr)), followed by acetic acid and green leaf volatiles. Beside the above three compounds, acetaldehyde had an important contribution to the emissions from the fruit. Overall, the total BVOCs (sum of eight compounds studied in this paper) emitted by both leaf and fruit gradually decreased along the fruit development, although the effect was significant only for the leaf. The leaf (2020.8 ± 258.8 ng/(g·hr)) was a stronger BVOC emitter than the fruit (146.0 ± 45.7 ng/(g·hr)) (P = 0.006), and there were no significant differences in total BVOC emission rates between apple and peach trees. These findings contribute to our understanding on BVOC emissions from different plant organs and provide important insights into the variation of BVOC emissions across different fruit developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xu Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Ju Q, Li X, Guo XQ, Du L, Shi CR, Qu MJ. Two Odorant-Binding Proteins of the Dark Black Chafer ( Holotrichia parallela) Display Preferential Binding to Biologically Active Host Plant Volatiles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:769. [PMID: 30072905 PMCID: PMC6058716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dark black chafer (DBC), Holotrichia parallela, is an important pest of multiple crops. Insect host-searching behaviors are regulated by host plant volatiles. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism linking the chemosensory system to plant volatiles at the molecular level will benefit DBC control strategies. Based on antenna transcriptome data, two highly expressed antenna-specific odorant-binding proteins (HparOBP20 and 49) were selected to identify novel DBC attractants using reverse chemical ecology methods. We expressed these proteins, mapped their binding specificity, and tested the activity of the plant volatiles in the field. The ligands used in the binding specificity assays included 31 host-plant-associated volatiles and two sex pheromone components. The results showed that (1) HparOBP20 and 49 are involved in odor recognition; (2) these proteins bind attractive plant volatiles strongly and can therefore be employed to develop environmentally friendly DBC management strategies; and (3) the green-leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate shows a high binding affinity to HparOBP20 (Ki = 18.51 μM) and HparOBP49 (Ki = 39.65 μM) and is highly attractive to DBC adults, especially females. In the field test, a (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate trap caught an average of 13 ± 1.202 females per day, which was significantly greater than the corresponding male catch (F2,6 = 74.18, P < 0.0001). (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate may represent a useful supplement to the known sex pheromone for DBC attraction. In the present study, the binding characteristics of two HparOBPs with host plant volatiles were screened, providing behaviourally active compounds that might be useful for DBC control, based on reverse chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Jing Qu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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Update on Monoterpenes as Antimicrobial Agents: A Particular Focus on p-Cymene. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080947. [PMID: 28809799 PMCID: PMC5578313 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p-Cymene [1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene] is a monoterpene found in over 100 plant species used for medicine and food purposes. It shows a range of biological activity including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anticancer and antimicrobial effects. This last property has been widely investigated due to the urgent need for new substances with antimicrobial properties, to be used to treat communicable diseases whose diffusion in developed countries has been facilitated by globalization and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes available scientific data, as reported by the most recent studies describing the antimicrobial activity of p-cymene either alone, or as the main component of plant extracts, as well as addressing the mechanisms of action of cymenes as antimicrobial agents. While p-cymene is one of the major constituents of extracts and essential oils used in traditional medicines as antimicrobial agents, but considering the limited data on its in vivo efficacy and safety, further studies are required to reach a definitive recommendation on the use and beneficial effects of p-cymene in human healthcare and in biomedical applications as a promising candidate to functionalize biomaterials and nanomaterials.
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Ju Q, Guo XQ, Li X, Jiang XJ, Jiang XG, Ni WL, Qu MJ. Plant Volatiles Increase Sex Pheromone Attraction of Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:236-242. [PMID: 28251439 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) is a notorious pest of many crops. To improve the effectiveness of its female-produced sex pheromone (L-isoleucine methyl ester:(R)-(-)-linalool = 6:1), 14 plant volatiles, including dodecanoic acid, dodecanal, farnesol, α-farnesene, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, (R)-(+)-limonene, α-phellandrene, α-pinene, ocimene, methyl benzoate, and benzaldehyde, were individually evaluated using electroantennography and olfactometer assays. (E)-2-Hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were found to elicit the strongest responses in both males and females. Further testing of these two compounds in mixtures with the sex pheromone indicated that (E)-2-hexenyl acetate had a stronger synergistic effect than (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Field evaluations showed that mixtures of (E)-2-hexenyl acetate and the sex pheromone resulted in significantly higher catches than the sex pheromone alone. Using a 5:1 mixture of the sex pheromone and (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, the maximum number of females per trap per day was 14, showing a synergistic effect of a factor of four. For males, a 3:1 mixture of the sex pheromone and (E)-2-hexenyl acetate yielded a maximum number of 310 individuals per trap per day, equivalent to a synergistic effect of 175%. These results may provide the basis for the development of efficient pest management systems against H. parallela using plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ju
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xiao Li
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xiang-Guo Jiang
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wan-Li Ni
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Jing Qu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China.
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Xing Y, Xu Q, Yang SX, Chen C, Tang Y, Sun S, Zhang L, Che Z, Li X. Preservation Mechanism of Chitosan-Based Coating with Cinnamon Oil for Fruits Storage Based on Sensor Data. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071111. [PMID: 27438841 PMCID: PMC4970155 DOI: 10.3390/s16071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chitosan-based coating with antimicrobial agent has been developed recently to control the decay of fruits. However, its fresh keeping and antimicrobial mechanism is still not very clear. The preservation mechanism of chitosan coating with cinnamon oil for fruits storage is investigated in this paper. Results in the atomic force microscopy sensor images show that many micropores exist in the chitosan coating film. The roughness of coating film is affected by the concentration of chitosan. The antifungal activity of cinnamon oil should be mainly due to its main consistent trans-cinnamaldehyde, which is proportional to the trans-cinnamaldehyde concentration and improves with increasing the attachment time of oil. The exosmosis ratios of Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus flavus could be enhanced by increasing the concentration of cinnamon oil. Morphological observation indicates that, compared to the normal cell, the wizened mycelium of A. flavus is observed around the inhibition zone, and the growth of spores is also inhibited. Moreover, the analysis of gas sensors indicate that the chitosan-oil coating could decrease the level of O₂ and increase the level of CO₂ in the package of cherry fruits, which also control the fruit decay. These results indicate that its preservation mechanism might be partly due to the micropores structure of coating film as a barrier for gas and a carrier for oil, and partly due to the activity of cinnamon oil on the cell disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Xing
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety, Food and Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Qinglian Xu
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety, Food and Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Simon X Yang
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Cunkun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physiological and Storage of Agricultural Products after Harvest in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety, Food and Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Shumin Sun
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety, Food and Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety, Food and Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Zhenming Che
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety, Food and Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Xihong Li
- Food Engineering and Biotechnology College, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Characterization of quality assurance properties of biogenic volatile organic compounds with an emphasis on the breakthrough behavior, recovery, and temporal stability. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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