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Pradhan NC, Koziel S, Barik RK, Pietrenko-Dabrowska A. Bandwidth-Controllable Third-Order Band Pass Filter Using Substrate-Integrated Full- and Semi-Circular Cavities. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6162. [PMID: 37448011 DOI: 10.3390/s23136162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The article presents a novel circular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) with controllable bandwidth. The proposed BPF was configured using two microstrip feed lines, semi-circular SIW cavities, capacitive slots, and inductive vias. The circular cavity was divided into two halves, and the two copies were cascaded. The resulting bisected and cascaded structures were then connected back-to-back. Finally, by introducing two inductive vias to the circular center cavity, a transmission zero was generated. In order to examine the design concept, a coupling matrix was generated. To demonstrate the theory, a third-order BPF was realized, fabricated, and experimentally validated. The BPF prototype features a wide passband of 8.7%, a low insertion loss of 1.1 dB, and a stopband of 1.5 f0 with a rejection level better than 20 dB, which makes it a potential candidate for microwave sensing and communication industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Slawomir Koziel
- Engineering Optimization and Modeling Center, Reykjavik University, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rusan Kumar Barik
- Engineering Optimization and Modeling Center, Reykjavik University, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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2
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Kim Y, Salim A, Lim S. Millimeter-Wave-Based Spoof Localized Surface Plasmonic Resonator for Sensing Glucose Concentration. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 34677314 PMCID: PMC8533816 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-monitoring sensors are necessary and have been extensively studied to prevent and control health problems caused by diabetes. Spoof localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance sensors have been investigated for chemical sensing and biosensing. A spoof LSP has similar characteristics to an LSP in the microwave or terahertz frequency range but with certain advantages, such as a high-quality factor and improved sensitivity. In general, microwave spoof LSP resonator-based glucose sensors have been studied. In this study, a millimeter-wave-based spoof surface plasmonic resonator sensor is designed to measure glucose concentrations. The millimeter-wave-based sensor has a smaller chip size and higher sensitivity than microwave-frequency sensors. Therefore, the microfluidic channel was designed to be reusable and able to operate with a small sample volume. For alignment, a polydimethylsiloxane channel was simultaneously fabricated using a multilayer bonding film to attach the upper side of the pattern, which is concentrated in the electromagnetic field. This real-time sensor detects the glucose concentration via changes in the S11 parameter and operates at 28 GHz with an average sensitivity of 0.015669 dB/(mg/dL) within the 0-300 mg/dL range. The minimum detectable concentration and the distinguishable signal are 1 mg/dL and 0.015669 dB, respectively, from a 3.4 μL sample. The reusability and reproducibility were assessed through replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.S.)
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3
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Alahnomi RA, Zakaria Z, Yussof ZM, Althuwayb AA, Alhegazi A, Alsariera H, Rahman NA. Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2267. [PMID: 33804904 PMCID: PMC8036408 DOI: 10.3390/s21072267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors' normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammah Ali Alahnomi
- Microwave Research Group, Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.Y.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Zahriladha Zakaria
- Microwave Research Group, Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.Y.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Zulkalnain Mohd Yussof
- Microwave Research Group, Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.Y.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | | | - Ammar Alhegazi
- Microwave Research Group, Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.Y.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Hussein Alsariera
- Microwave Research Group, Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.Y.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Norhanani Abd Rahman
- Microwave Research Group, Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia; (R.A.A.); (Z.M.Y.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.R.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Port Dickson (PPD), Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan 71250, Malaysia
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Salim A, Memon MU, Jeong H, Lim S. Simplified Approach to Detect Dielectric Constant Using a Low-Cost Microfluidic Quarter Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4985. [PMID: 32887520 PMCID: PMC7506599 DOI: 10.3390/s20174985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid materials' characterization using commercial probes and radio frequency techniques is expensive and complex. This study proposes a compact and cost-effective radio frequency sensor system to measure the dielectric constant using a three-material calibration. The simplified approach measures reflection coefficient magnitudes for all four materials rather than the complex values in conventional permittivity detection systems. We employ a sensor module based on a circular substrate-integrated waveguide with measured unloaded quality factor = 910 to ensure measurement reliability. Miniaturized quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide resonators are integrated with four microfluidic channels containing three known materials and one unknown analyte. Step-wise measurement and linearity ensures maximum 4% error for the dielectric constant compared with results obtained using a high-performance commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea; (A.S.); (M.U.M.); (H.J.)
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Iqbal A, Smida A, Saraereh OA, Alsafasfeh QH, Mallat NK, Lee BM. Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna-Based Sensors for Liquid Chemical Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1200. [PMID: 30857265 PMCID: PMC6427509 DOI: 10.3390/s19051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A compact, cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA), using radio frequency signals to identify different liquids is proposed in this paper. The proposed CDRA sensor is excited by a rectangular slot through a 3-mm-wide microstrip line. The rectangular slot has been used to excite the CDRA for H E M 11 mode at 5.25 GHz. Circuit model values (capacitance, inductance, resistance and transformer ratios) of the proposed CDRA are derived to show the true behaviour of the system. The proposed CDRA acts as a sensor due to the fact that different liquids have different dielectric permittivities and, hence, will be having different resonance frequencies. Two different types of CDRA sensors are designed and experimentally validated with four different liquids (Isopropyl, ethanol, methanol and water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Iqbal
- Centre for Wireless Technology (CWT), Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia.
| | - Amor Smida
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952 AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia.
- Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Omar A Saraereh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
| | - Qais H Alsafasfeh
- Department of Electrical Power and Mechatronics Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 11183, Jordan.
| | - Nazih Khaddaj Mallat
- College of Engineering, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
| | - Byung Moo Lee
- School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
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Markovic T, Bao J, Maenhout G, Ocket I, Nauwelaers B. An Interdigital Capacitor for Microwave Heating at 25 GHz and Wideband Dielectric Sensing of nL Volumes in Continuous Microfluidics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E715. [PMID: 30744177 PMCID: PMC6387245 DOI: 10.3390/s19030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a miniature microwave-microfluidic chip based on continuous microfluidics and a miniature interdigital capacitor (IDC). The novel chip consists of three individually accessible heaters, three platinum temperature sensors and two liquid cooling and mixing zones. The IDC is designed to achieve localized, fast and uniform heating of nanoliter volumes flowing through the microfluidic channel. The heating performance of the IDC located on the novel chip was evaluated using a fluorescent dye (Rhodamine B) diluted in demineralized water on a novel microwave-optical-fluidic (MOF) measurement setup. The MOF setup allows simultaneous microwave excitation of the IDC by means of a custom-made printed circuit board (connected to microwave equipment) placed in a top stage of a microscope, manipulation of liquid flowing through the channel located over the IDC with a pump and optical inspection of the same liquid flowing over the IDC using a fast camera, a light source and the microscope. The designed IDC brings a liquid volume of around 1.2 nL from room temperature to 100 °C in 21 ms with 1.58 W at 25 GHz. Next to the heating capability, the designed IDC can dielectrically sense the flowing liquid. Liquid sensing was evaluated on different concentration of water-isopropanol mixtures, and a reflection coefficient magnitude change of 6 dB was recorded around 8.1 GHz, while the minimum of the reflection coefficient magnitude shifted in the same frequency range for 60 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Markovic
- Division ESAT-TELEMIC, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 box 2444, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Juncheng Bao
- Division ESAT-TELEMIC, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 box 2444, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gertjan Maenhout
- Division ESAT-TELEMIC, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 box 2444, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ilja Ocket
- Division ESAT-TELEMIC, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 box 2444, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- imec, imec PERSYBE Group, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Bart Nauwelaers
- Division ESAT-TELEMIC, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 box 2444, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Wei Z, Huang J, Li J, Xu G, Ju Z, Liu X, Ni X. A High-Sensitivity Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide Re-Entrant Cavity for Complex Permittivity Measurement of Liquids. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4005. [PMID: 30453580 PMCID: PMC6263498 DOI: 10.3390/s18114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel non-invasive and contactless microwave sensor using a square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) re-entrant cavity is proposed for complex permittivity measurement of chemical solutions. The working principle of this sensor is based on cavity perturbation technique, in which the resonant properties of cavity are utilized as signatures to extract the dielectric information of liquid under test (LUT). A winding microfluidic channel is designed and embedded in the gap region of the cavity to obtain a strong interaction between the induced electric field and LUT, thus achieving a high sensitivity. Also, a mathematical predictive model which quantitatively associates the resonant properties of the sensor with the dielectric constant of LUT is developed through numerical analysis. Using this predictive model, quick and accurate extraction of the complex permittivity of LUT can be easily realized. The performance of this sensor is then experimentally validated by four pure chemicals (hexane, ethyl acetate, DMSO and water) together with a set of acetone/water mixtures in various concentrations. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed sensor is capable of characterizing the complex permittivities of various liquids with an accuracy of higher than 96.76% (compared with the theoretical values obtained by Debye relaxation equations), and it is also available for quantifying the concentration ratio of a given binary mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wei
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Guoqing Xu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zongde Ju
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xuyang Liu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xingsheng Ni
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Salim A, Lim S. TM 02 Quarter-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Resonator for Dual Detection of Chemicals. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061964. [PMID: 29912164 PMCID: PMC6021807 DOI: 10.3390/s18061964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The detection of multiple fluids using a single chip has been attracting attention recently. A TM02 quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide resonator designed at 5.81 GHz on RT/duroid 6010LM with a return loss of 13 dB and an unloaded quality factor of Q ≈ 13 generates two distinct strong electric fields that can be manipulated to simultaneously detect two chemicals. Two asymmetric channels engraved in a polydimethylsiloxane sheet are loaded with analyte to produce a unique resonance frequency in each case, regardless of the dielectric constants of the liquids. Keeping in view the nature of lossy liquids such as ethanol, the initial structure and channels are optimized to ensure a reasonable return loss even in the case of loading lossy liquids. After loading the empty channels, Q is evaluated as 43. Ethanol (E) and deionized water (DI) are simultaneously loaded to demonstrate the detection of all possible combinations: [Air, Air], [E, DI], [DI, E], [E, E], and [DI, DI]. The proposed structure is miniaturized while exhibiting a performance comparable to that of existing multichannel microwave chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Abstract
Microwave resonators working as sensors can detect only a single analyte at a time. To address this issue, a TE20-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator is exploited, owing to its two distinct regions of high-intensity electric fields, which can be manipulated by loading two chemicals. Two microfluidic channels with unequal fluid-carrying capacities, engraved in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet, can perturb the symmetric electric fields even if loaded with the two extreme cases of dielectric [ethanol (E), deionized water (DI)] and [deionized water, ethanol]. The four layers of the sandwiched structure considered in this study consisted of a top conductive pattern and a bottom ground, both realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880. PDMS-based channels attached with an adhesive serve as the middle layers. The TE20-mode SIW with empty channels resonates at 8.26 GHz and exhibits a -25 dB return loss with an unloaded quality factor of Q ≈ 28. We simultaneously load E and DI and demonstrate the detection of the four possible combinations: [E, DI], [DI, E], [E, E], and [DI, DI]. The performance of our proposed method showed increases in sensitivity (MHz/εr) of 7.5%, 216%, and 1170% compared with three previously existing multichannel microwave chemical sensors.
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Memon MU, Lim S. Microfluidic High-Q Circular Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cavity for Radio Frequency (RF) Chemical Liquid Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E143. [PMID: 29316646 PMCID: PMC5796479 DOI: 10.3390/s18010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high-Q circular substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator is proposed as a non-contact and non-invasive radio frequency (RF) sensor for chemical sensing applications. The design of the structure utilizes SIW technology along with a circular shape to achieve a high unloaded Q factor, which is one of the important requirements for RF sensors. The resonant frequency of the proposed circular SIW cavity sensor changes when a liquid material or a chemical (microliters) is inserted in the sensitive area of the structure. The sensing of liquid materials with different permittivities is accomplished via the perturbation of the electric fields in the SIW configuration. When a microwell that is 4 mm in radius is installed vertically through the center of the bare circular SIW cavity, the operating frequency varies from 5.26 to 5.34 GHz. Similarly, when the microwell contains ethanol, the frequency shifts from 5.26 to 5.18 GHz, and the amplitude of reflection coefficient is shifted from -29 dB to -17 dB; when the microwell contains mixing deionized (DI)-water, the frequency moves from 5.26 to 4.98 GHz (which is also 0% Ethanol in our study), and the amplitude of reflection coefficient is shifted from -29 dB to -8 dB. A high unloaded Q factor is maintained throughout all experimental results. To demonstrate our idea, different concentrations of ethanol are tested and recorded. The experimental validation yields a close agreement between the simulations and the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Memon
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84-Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84-Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Jankovic N, Radonic V. A Microwave Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Dual-Mode Resonator for Dual-Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2713. [PMID: 29186767 PMCID: PMC5750723 DOI: 10.3390/s17122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel microwave microfluidic sensor with dual-sensing capability. The sensor is based on a dual-mode resonator that consists of a folded microstrip line loaded with interdigital lines and a stub at the plane of symmetry. Due to the specific configuration, the resonator exhibits two entirely independent resonant modes, which allows simultaneous sensing of two fluids using a resonance shift method. The sensor is designed in a multilayer configuration with the proposed resonator and two separated microfluidic channels-one intertwined with the interdigital lines and the other positioned below the stub. The circuit has been fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology and its performance was verified through the measurement of its responses for different fluids in the microfluidic channels. The results confirm the dual-sensing capability with zero mutual influence as well as good overall performance. Besides an excellent potential for dual-sensing applications, the proposed sensor is a good candidate for application in mixing fluids and cell counting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasa Radonic
- BioSense Institute—Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia;
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Correction: Lim, S., et al. Millimeter-Wave Chemical Sensor Using Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Cavity. Sensors 2016, 16, 1829. SENSORS 2016; 17:s17010029. [PMID: 28035944 PMCID: PMC5298602 DOI: 10.3390/s17010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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