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Zhai Z, Liu Y, Li C, Wang D, Wu H. Electronic Noses: From Gas-Sensitive Components and Practical Applications to Data Processing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4806. [PMID: 39123852 PMCID: PMC11314697 DOI: 10.3390/s24154806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Artificial olfaction, also known as an electronic nose, is a gas identification device that replicates the human olfactory organ. This system integrates sensor arrays to detect gases, data acquisition for signal processing, and data analysis for precise identification, enabling it to assess gases both qualitatively and quantitatively in complex settings. This article provides a brief overview of the research progress in electronic nose technology, which is divided into three main elements, focusing on gas-sensitive materials, electronic nose applications, and data analysis methods. Furthermore, the review explores both traditional MOS materials and the newer porous materials like MOFs for gas sensors, summarizing the applications of electronic noses across diverse fields including disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food safety, and agricultural production. Additionally, it covers electronic nose pattern recognition and signal drift suppression algorithms. Ultimately, the summary identifies challenges faced by current systems and offers innovative solutions for future advancements. Overall, this endeavor forges a solid foundation and establishes a conceptual framework for ongoing research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhai
- National Institute of Metrology of China, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Metrology Testing and Research, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Congju Li
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Defa Wang
- National Institute of Metrology of China, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Hai Wu
- National Institute of Metrology of China, Beijing 100029, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.)
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2
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Kumari A, Gupta AK, Sharma S, Jadon VS, Sharma V, Chun SC, Sivanesan I. Nanoparticles as a Tool for Alleviating Plant Stress: Mechanisms, Implications, and Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1528. [PMID: 38891334 PMCID: PMC11174413 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants, being sessile, are continuously exposed to varietal environmental stressors, which consequently induce various bio-physiological changes in plants that hinder their growth and development. Oxidative stress is one of the undesirable consequences in plants triggered due to imbalance in their antioxidant defense system. Biochemical studies suggest that nanoparticles are known to affect the antioxidant system, photosynthesis, and DNA expression in plants. In addition, they are known to boost the capacity of antioxidant systems, thereby contributing to the tolerance of plants to oxidative stress. This review study attempts to present the overview of the role of nanoparticles in plant growth and development, especially emphasizing their role as antioxidants. Furthermore, the review delves into the intricate connections between nanoparticles and plant signaling pathways, highlighting their influence on gene expression and stress-responsive mechanisms. Finally, the implications of nanoparticle-assisted antioxidant strategies in sustainable agriculture, considering their potential to enhance crop yield, stress tolerance, and overall plant resilience, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Domain, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India; (A.K.); (S.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- ICAR—National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Shivika Sharma
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Domain, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India; (A.K.); (S.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Vikash S. Jadon
- School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, JollyGrant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Domain, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-Jalandhar 144411, Punjab, India; (A.K.); (S.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Se Chul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
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Rodríguez-Leyva E, García-Pascual E, González-Chávez MM, Méndez-Gallegos SDJ, Morales-Rueda JA, Posadas-Hurtado JC, Bravo-Vinaja Á, Franco-Vega A. Interactions of Opuntia ficus-indica with Dactylopius coccus and D. opuntiae (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) through the Study of Their Volatile Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:963. [PMID: 38611492 PMCID: PMC11013929 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica has always interacted with many phytophagous insects; two of them are Dactylopius coccus and D. opuntiae. Fine cochineal (D. coccus) is produced to extract carminic acid, and D. opuntiae, or wild cochineal, is an invasive pest of O. ficus-indica in more than 20 countries around the world. Despite the economic and environmental relevance of this cactus, D. opuntiae, and D. coccus, there are few studies that have explored volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from the plant-insect interaction. The aim of this work was to determine the VOCs produced by D. coccus and D. opuntiae and to identify different VOCs in cladodes infested by each Dactylopius species. The VOCs (essential oils) were obtained by hydrodistillation and identified by GC-MS. A total of 66 VOCs from both Dactylopius species were identified, and 125 from the Esmeralda and Rojo Pelón cultivars infested by D. coccus and D. opuntiae, respectively, were determined. Differential VOC production due to infestation by each Dactylopius species was also found. Some changes in methyl salicylate, terpenes such as linalool, or the alcohol p-vinylguaiacol were related to Dactylopius feeding on the cladodes of their respective cultivars. Changes in these VOCs and their probable role in plant defense mechanisms should receive more attention because this knowledge could improve D. coccus rearing or its inclusion in breeding programs for D. opuntiae control in regions where it is a key pest of O. ficus-indica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esperanza García-Pascual
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78622, Mexico; (E.G.-P.); (Á.B.-V.)
| | - Marco M. González-Chávez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78210, Mexico; (J.C.P.-H.); (A.F.-V.)
| | - Santiago de J. Méndez-Gallegos
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78622, Mexico; (E.G.-P.); (Á.B.-V.)
| | - Juan A. Morales-Rueda
- Viscoelabs, Materials Research Center, Librado Rivera 390, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78200, Mexico;
| | - Juan C. Posadas-Hurtado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78210, Mexico; (J.C.P.-H.); (A.F.-V.)
| | - Ángel Bravo-Vinaja
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78622, Mexico; (E.G.-P.); (Á.B.-V.)
| | - Avelina Franco-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78210, Mexico; (J.C.P.-H.); (A.F.-V.)
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Shim J, Sen A, Park K, Park H, Bala A, Choi H, Park M, Kwon JY, Kim S. Nanoporous MoS 2 Field-Effect Transistor Based Artificial Olfaction: Achieving Enhanced Volatile Organic Compound Detection Inspired by the Drosophila Olfactory System. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21719-21729. [PMID: 37902651 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction, a primal and effective sense, profoundly impacts our emotions and instincts. This sensory system plays a crucial role in detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and realizing the chemical environment. Animals possess superior olfactory systems compared to humans. Thus, taking inspiration from nature, artificial olfaction aims to achieve a similar level of excellence in VOC detection. In this study, we present the development of an artificial olfaction sensor utilizing a nanostructured bio-field-effect transistor (bio-FET) based on transition metal dichalcogenides and the Drosophila odor-binding protein LUSH. To create an effective sensing platform, we prepared a hexagonal nanoporous structure of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using block copolymer lithography and selective etching techniques. This structure provides plenty of active sites for the integration of the LUSH protein, enabling enhanced binding with ethanol (EtOH) for detection purposes. The coupling of the biomolecule with EtOH influences the bio-FETs potential, which generates indicative electrical signals. By mimicking the sniffing techniques observed in Drosophila, these bio-FETs exhibit an impressive limit of detection of 10-6% for EtOH, with high selectivity, sensitivity, and detection ability even in realistic environments. This bioelectric sensor demonstrates substantial potential in the field of artificial olfaction, offering advancements in VOC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junoh Shim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Anamika Sen
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Keehyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyeong Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Bala
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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Aznan A, Gonzalez Viejo C, Pang A, Fuentes S. Review of technology advances to assess rice quality traits and consumer perception. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113105. [PMID: 37689840 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase in rice consumption and demand for high-quality rice is impacted by the growth of socioeconomic status in developing countries and consumer awareness of the health benefits of rice consumption. The latter aspects drive the need for rapid, low-cost, and reliable quality assessment methods to produce high-quality rice according to consumer preference. This is important to ensure the sustainability of the rice value chain and, therefore, accelerate the rice industry toward digital agriculture. This review article focuses on the measurements of the physicochemical and sensory quality of rice, including new and emerging technology advances, particularly in the development of low-cost, non-destructive, and rapid digital sensing techniques to assess rice quality traits and consumer perceptions. In addition, the prospects for potential applications of emerging technologies (i.e., sensors, computer vision, machine learning, and artificial intelligence) to assess rice quality and consumer preferences are discussed. The integration of these technologies shows promising potential in the forthcoming to be adopted by the rice industry to assess rice quality traits and consumer preferences at a lower cost, shorter time, and more objectively compared to the traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Aznan
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexis Pang
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México 64849, Mexico.
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6
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Gan Z, Zhou Q, Zheng C, Wang J. Challenges and applications of volatile organic compounds monitoring technology in plant disease diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115540. [PMID: 37523812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses are well known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants. The analysis of VOCs emissions from plants enables timely diagnostic of plant diseases, which is critical for prompting sustainable agriculture. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the utilization of commercially available devices, such as electronic noses, for diagnosing plant diseases. However, recent advancements in nanomaterials research have significantly contributed to the development of novel VOCs sensors featuring exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. This comprehensive review presents a systematic analysis of VOCs monitoring technologies for plant diseases diagnosis, providing insights into their distinct advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is placed on custom-made VOCs sensors, with detailed discussions on their design, working principles, and detection performance. It is noteworthy that the application of VOCs monitoring technologies in the diagnostic process of plant diseases is still in its emerging stage, and several critical challenges demand attention and improvement. Specifically, the identification of specific stress factors using a single VOC sensor remains a formidable task, while environmental factors like humidity can potentially interfere with sensor readings, leading to inaccuracies. Future advancements should primarily focus on addressing these challenges to enhance the overall efficacy and reliability of VOCs monitoring technologies in the field of plant disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Gan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qin'an Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengyu Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Terentev A, Dolzhenko V. Can Metabolomic Approaches Become a Tool for Improving Early Plant Disease Detection and Diagnosis with Modern Remote Sensing Methods? A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5366. [PMID: 37420533 DOI: 10.3390/s23125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The various areas of ultra-sensitive remote sensing research equipment development have provided new ways for assessing crop states. However, even the most promising areas of research, such as hyperspectral remote sensing or Raman spectrometry, have not yet led to stable results. In this review, the main methods for early plant disease detection are discussed. The best proven existing techniques for data acquisition are described. It is discussed how they can be applied to new areas of knowledge. The role of metabolomic approaches in the application of modern methods for early plant disease detection and diagnosis is reviewed. A further direction for experimental methodological development is indicated. The ways to increase the efficiency of modern early plant disease detection remote sensing methods through metabolomic data usage are shown. This article provides an overview of modern sensors and technologies for assessing the biochemical state of crops as well as the ways to apply them in synergy with existing data acquisition and analysis technologies for early plant disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Terentev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktor Dolzhenko
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Borowik P, Grzywacz T, Tarakowski R, Tkaczyk M, Ślusarski S, Dyshko V, Oszako T. Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose with an Open Sensor Chamber: Application to Detection of Ciboria batschiana. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:627. [PMID: 36679425 PMCID: PMC9866758 DOI: 10.3390/s23020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the construction of electronic nose devices, two groups of measurement setups could be distinguished when we take into account the design of electronic nose chambers. The simpler one consists of placing the sensors directly in the environment of the measured gas, which has an important advantage, in that the composition of the gas is not changed as the gas is not diluted. However, that has an important drawback in that it is difficult to clean sensors between measurement cycles. The second, more advanced construction, contains a pneumatic system transporting the gas inside a specially designed sensor chamber. A new design of an electronic nose gas sensor chamber is proposed, which consists of a sensor chamber with a sliding chamber shutter, equipped with a simple pneumatic system for cleaning the air. The proposal combines the advantages of both approaches to the sensor chamber designs. The sensors can be effectively cleared by the flow of clean air, while the measurements are performed in the open state when the sensors are directly exposed to the measured gas. Airflow simulations were performed to confirm the efficiency of clean air transport used for sensors' cleaning. The demonstrated electronic nose applies eight Figaro Co. MOS TGS series sensors, in which a transient response caused by a change of the exposition to measured gas, and change of heater voltage, was collected. The new electronic nose was tested as applied to the differentiation between the samples of Ciboria batschiana fungi, which is one of the most harmful pathogens of stored acorns. The samples with various coverage, thus various concentrations of the studied odor, were measured. The tested device demonstrated low noise and a good level of repetition of the measurements, with stable results during several hours of repetitive measurements during an experiment lasting five consecutive days. The obtained data allowed complete differentiation between healthy and infected samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Institute of Theory of Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Information Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Miłosz Tkaczyk
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland
| | - Valentyna Dyshko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration Named after G. M. Vysotsky, 61024 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland
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Pastrana AM, Borrero C, Pérez AG, Avilés M. Soilborne pathogens affect strawberry fruit flavor and quality. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111533. [PMID: 36375690 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and Macrophomina phaseolina are soilborne fungi leading impactful economical losses to strawberry growers worldwide. Symptoms caused by both pathogens are very similar and include vascular discoloration, wilting, stunting, and dieback of plants, but no fruit damage. An extraction of phenolic and volatile compounds was performed on strawberry fruits from three different cultivars while being grown in a plant growth medium infested by each pathogen. Inoculated plants showed higher content of certain phenolic compounds which have antifungal and antioxidant activity and may have a positive impact on strawberry shelf life. On the other hand, root and vascular infections caused by F. oxysporum and M. phaseolina were able to significantly alter strawberry aroma by reducing or increasing the content of specific volatile compounds which also have an important impact on fruit quality. The changes induced in the aroma profiles of the three strawberry cultivars do not only have organoleptic and economic implications for strawberry growers but play an important role in the plant defense system against pathogens. The results indicate a potential of this line of research to develop new tools for the detection and control of soil pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pastrana
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIA - Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, C.P, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Celia Borrero
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIA - Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, C.P, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana G Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus UPO, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, C.P, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Departamento de Agronomía, ETSIA - Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, C.P, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Abstract
Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time-dependent signals. In this article, we critically review the advances in continuous monitoring of chemical signals in living plants under stress. We discuss methods for sustained measurement of the most important chemical species, including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules and radicals. We examine analytical and modelling approaches currently used to identify and predict stress in plants. We also explore how the methods discussed can be used for applications beyond a research laboratory, in agricultural settings. Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the continuous monitoring of chemical signals in plants.
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Zhang T, Ren W, Xiao F, Li J, Zu B, Dou X. Engineered olfactory system for in vitro artificial nose. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Harpaz D, Veltman B, Katz D, Eltzov E. Whole-cell bacterial biosensor with the capability to detect red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, in date palm trees, Phoenix dactylifera: a proof of concept study. J Biotechnol 2022; 357:47-55. [PMID: 35963593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is considered a severe pest of palms. Usually, the early stages of infection are without visible signs. An attractive early sensing approach of non-visible infections is based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, a whole-cell bacterial biosensor was used for the identification of RPW in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). The cells are genetically modified to produce light in the presence of general stresses. The bioluminescent bacterial panel is based on three genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains that are sensitive to cytotoxicity (TV1061), genotoxicity (DPD2794), or quorum-sensing (K802NR). The bioluminescent bacterial panel detects the presence of VOCs and a change in the light signal is then generated, reflecting the health status of the date palm tree. The bioreporter bacteria cells are immobilized in calcium alginate tablets and placed in a sealed jar without direct contact with the tested sample, thereby exposing them only to the VOCs in the surrounding air. The immobilized bacteria cells were exposed to the air near infected by RPW or uninfected sugar canes, date palm tree pieces, and on date palm trees. Commercial plate reader was used for signal measurement. The findings show that quorum-sensing was induced by all the tested samples of infected sugar canes, date palm tree pieces, and date palm trees. While, cytotoxicity was induced only by infected date palm tree pieces, and genotoxicity was induced only by infected date palm trees. The bacterial monitoring results enable the identification of specific signatures that will allow a quick and accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Daniel Katz
- Eden Farm, Agricultural R&D center, Emek HaMa'ayanot Regional Council, Beit Shean Valley 171000, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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13
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Labanska M, van Amsterdam S, Jenkins S, Clarkson JP, Covington JA. Preliminary Studies on Detection of Fusarium Basal Rot Infection in Onions and Shallots Using Electronic Nose. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22145453. [PMID: 35891126 PMCID: PMC9315870 DOI: 10.3390/s22145453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of crop health status and early disease detection are critical for implementing a fast response to a pathogen attack, managing crop infection, and minimizing the risk of disease spreading. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, which causes fusarium basal rot disease, is considered one of the most harmful pathogens of onion and accounts for considerable crop losses annually. In this work, the capability of the PEN 3 electronic nose system to detect onion and shallot bulbs infected with F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, to track the progression of fungal infection, and to discriminate between the varying proportions of infected onion bulbs was evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report on successful application of an electronic nose to detect fungal infections in post-harvest onion and shallot bulbs. Sensor array responses combined with PCA provided a clear discrimination between non-infected and infected onion and shallot bulbs as well as differentiation between samples with varying proportions of infected bulbs. Classification models based on LDA, SVM, and k-NN algorithms successfully differentiate among various rates of infected bulbs in the samples with accuracy up to 96.9%. Therefore, the electronic nose was proved to be a potentially useful tool for rapid, non-destructive monitoring of the post-harvest crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Labanska
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Sarah van Amsterdam
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK; (S.v.A.); (S.J.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Sascha Jenkins
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK; (S.v.A.); (S.J.); (J.P.C.)
| | - John P. Clarkson
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK; (S.v.A.); (S.J.); (J.P.C.)
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14
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Ang MCY, Lew TTS. Non-destructive Technologies for Plant Health Diagnosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884454. [PMID: 35712566 PMCID: PMC9197209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As global population grows rapidly, global food supply is increasingly under strain. This is exacerbated by climate change and declining soil quality due to years of excessive fertilizer, pesticide and agrichemical usage. Sustainable agricultural practices need to be put in place to minimize destruction to the environment while at the same time, optimize crop growth and productivity. To do so, farmers will need to embrace precision agriculture, using novel sensors and analytical tools to guide their farm management decisions. In recent years, non-destructive or minimally invasive sensors for plant metabolites have emerged as important analytical tools for monitoring of plant signaling pathways and plant response to external conditions that are indicative of overall plant health in real-time. This will allow precise application of fertilizers and synthetic plant growth regulators to maximize growth, as well as timely intervention to minimize yield loss from plant stress. In this mini-review, we highlight in vivo electrochemical sensors and optical nanosensors capable of detecting important endogenous metabolites within the plant, together with sensors that detect surface metabolites by probing the plant surface electrophysiology changes and air-borne volatile metabolites. The advantages and limitations of each kind of sensing tool are discussed with respect to their potential for application in high-tech future farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin Chun-Yi Ang
- Disruptive and Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Veltman B, Harpaz D, Melamed S, Tietel Z, Tsror L, Eltzov E. Whole-cell bacterial biosensor for volatile detection from Pectobacterium-infected potatoes enables early identification of potato tuber soft rot disease. Talanta 2022; 247:123545. [PMID: 35597022 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Half of the harvested food is lost due to rots caused by microorganisms. Plants emit various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their surrounding environment, and the VOC profiles of healthy crops are altered upon infection. In this study, a whole-cell bacterial biosensor was used for the early identification of potato tuber soft rot disease caused by the pectinolytic bacteria Pectobacterium in potato tubers. The detection is based on monitoring the luminescent responses of the bacteria panel to changes in the VOC profile following inoculation. First, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to specify the differences between the VOC patterns of the inoculated and non-inoculated potato tubers during early infection. Five VOCs were identified, 1-octanol, phenylethyl alcohol, 2-ethyl hexanol, nonanal, and 1-octen-3-ol. Then, the infection was detected by the bioreporter bacterial panel, firstly measured in a 96-well plate in solution, and then also tested in potato plugs and validated in whole tubers. Examination of the bacterial panel responses showed an extensive cytotoxic effect over the testing period, as seen by the elevated induction factor (IF) values in the bacterial strain TV1061 after exposure to both potato plugs and whole tubers. Moreover, quorum sensing influences were also observed by the elevated IF values in the bacterial strain K802NR. The developed whole-cell biosensor system based on bacterial detection will allow more efficient crop management during postharvest, storage, and transport of crops, to reduce food losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P, Negev, 8531100, Israel.
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P, Negev, 8531100, Israel.
| | - Leah Tsror
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, M.P, Negev, 8531100, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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16
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Cohen B, Edan Y, Levi A, Alchanatis V. Early Detection of Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera) Downy Mildew ( Peronospora) and Diurnal Variations Using Thermal Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3585. [PMID: 35591275 PMCID: PMC9104212 DOI: 10.3390/s22093585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural industry is facing a serious threat from plant diseases that cause production and economic losses. Early information on disease development can improve disease control using suitable management strategies. This study sought to detect downy mildew (Peronospora) on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves at early stages of development using thermal imaging technology and to determine the best time during the day for image acquisition. In controlled experiments, 1587 thermal images of grapevines grown in a greenhouse were acquired around midday, before inoculation, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after an inoculation. In addition, images of healthy and infected leaves were acquired at seven different times during the day between 7:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Leaves were segmented using the active contour algorithm. Twelve features were derived from the leaf mask and from meteorological measurements. Stepwise logistic regression revealed five significant features used in five classification models. Performance was evaluated using K-folds cross-validation. The support vector machine model produced the best classification accuracy of 81.6%, F1 score of 77.5% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.874. Acquiring images in the morning between 10:40 a.m. and 11:30 a.m. resulted in 80.7% accuracy, 80.5% F1 score, and 0.895 AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Cohen
- Agricultural Research Organization, Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel; (B.C.); (A.L.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Yael Edan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Asher Levi
- Agricultural Research Organization, Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel; (B.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Victor Alchanatis
- Agricultural Research Organization, Agricultural Engineering, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon Le Zion 7528809, Israel; (B.C.); (A.L.)
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17
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MacDougall S, Bayansal F, Ahmadi A. Emerging Methods of Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds for Detection of Plant Pests and Disease. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040239. [PMID: 35448299 PMCID: PMC9025064 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Each year, unwanted plant pests and diseases, such as Hendel or potato soft rot, cause damage to crops and ecosystems all over the world. To continue to feed the growing population and protect the global ecosystems, the surveillance and management of the spread of these pests and diseases are crucial. Traditional methods of detection are often expensive, bulky and require expertise and training. Therefore, inexpensive, portable, and user-friendly methods are required. These include the use of different gas-sensing technologies to exploit volatile organic compounds released by plants under stress. These methods often meet these requirements, although they come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages, including the sheer number of variables that affect the profile of volatile organic compounds released, such as sensitivity to environmental factors and availability of soil nutrients or water, and sensor drift. Furthermore, most of these methods lack research on their use under field conditions. More research is needed to overcome these disadvantages and further understand the feasibility of the use of these methods under field conditions. This paper focuses on applications of different gas-sensing technologies from over the past decade to detect plant pests and diseases more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha MacDougall
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Fatih Bayansal
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay TR-31200, Turkey;
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-566-0521
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18
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Soltani Firouz M, Sardari H. Defect Detection in Fruit and Vegetables by Using Machine Vision Systems and Image Processing. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-022-09307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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New Detection Method for Fungal Infection in Silver Fir Seeds. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Silver fir trees have cycles of low and high seed production, and thus it is necessary to collect seeds in high production years to save them for low production years to ensure the continuity of nursery production. Tree seeds can be stored loosely in piles or containers, but they need to be checked for viability before planting. The objective of this study was to find a quick and inexpensive method to determine the suitability of seed lots for planting. The working hypothesis was that an electronic nose device could be used to detect odors from fungi or from decomposing organic material, and thus aid in determination of whether seeds could be sown or discarded. To affirm and supplement results from the electronic nose, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect volatile secondary metabolites such as limonene and cadienes, which were found at the highest concentrations in both, infected and uninfected seeds. Uninfected seeds contained exceptionally high concentrations of pinene, which are known to be involved in plant resistance responses. Statistically higher levels of terpineol were found in infected seeds than in uninfected seeds. A prototype of our electronic nose partially discriminated between healthy and spoiled seeds, and between green and white fungal colonies grown on incubated seeds. These preliminary observations were encouraging and we plan to develop a practical device that will be useful for forestry and horticulture.
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20
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Sakurai N. Recent applications of metabolomics in plant breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2022; 72:56-65. [PMID: 36045891 PMCID: PMC8987846 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites play a central role in maintaining organismal life and in defining crop phenotypes, such as nutritional value, fragrance, color, and stress resistance. Among the 'omes' in biology, the metabolome is the closest to the phenotype. Consequently, metabolomics has been applied to crop improvement as method for monitoring changes in chemical compositions, clarifying the mechanisms underlying cellular functions, discovering markers and diagnostics, and phenotyping for mQTL, mGWAS, and metabolite-genome predictions. In this review, 359 reports of the most recent applications of metabolomics to plant breeding-related studies were examined. In addition to the major crops, more than 160 other crops including rare medicinal plants were considered. One bottleneck associated with using metabolomics is the wide array of instruments that are used to obtain data and the ambiguity associated with metabolite identification and quantification. To further the application of metabolomics to plant breeding, the features and perspectives of the technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Sakurai
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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21
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Jońca J, Pawnuk M, Arsen A, Sówka I. Electronic Noses and Their Applications for Sensory and Analytical Measurements in the Waste Management Plants-A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041510. [PMID: 35214407 PMCID: PMC8877425 DOI: 10.3390/s22041510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waste management plants are one of the most important sources of odorants that may cause odor nuisance. The monitoring of processes involved in the waste treatment and disposal as well as the assessment of odor impact in the vicinity of this type of facilities require two different but complementary approaches: analytical and sensory. The purpose of this work is to present these two approaches. Among sensory techniques dynamic and field olfactometry are considered, whereas analytical methodologies are represented by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), single gas sensors and electronic noses (EN). The latter are the core of this paper and are discussed in details. Since the design of multi-sensor arrays and the development of machine learning algorithms are the most challenging parts of the EN construction a special attention is given to the recent advancements in the sensitive layers development and current challenges in data processing. The review takes also into account relatively new EN systems based on mass spectrometry and flash gas chromatography technologies. Numerous examples of applications of the EN devices to the sensory and analytical measurements in the waste management plants are given in order to summarize efforts of scientists on development of these instruments for constant monitoring of chosen waste treatment processes (composting, anaerobic digestion, biofiltration) and assessment of odor nuisance associated with these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jońca
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Pawnuk
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Adalbert Arsen
- calval.pl sp. z o.o., Emili Plater 7F/8, 65-395 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Izabela Sówka
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-25-60
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22
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Yun W, Kumar JP, Lee S, Kim DS, Cho BK. Deep learning-based system development for black pine bast scale detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:606. [PMID: 35022444 PMCID: PMC8755754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of the loss of agricultural resources caused by pests is an important issue. Advances are being made in technologies, but current farm management methods and equipment have not yet met the level required for precise pest control, and most rely on manual management by professional workers. Hence, a pest detection system based on deep learning was developed for the automatic pest density measurement. In the proposed system, an image capture device for pheromone traps was developed to solve nonuniform shooting distance and the reflection of the outer vinyl of the trap while capturing the images. Since the black pine bast scale pest is small, pheromone traps are captured as several subimages and they are used for training the deep learning model. Finally, they are integrated by an image stitching algorithm to form an entire trap image. These processes are managed with the developed smartphone application. The deep learning model detects the pests in the image. The experimental results indicate that the model achieves an F1 score of 0.90 and mAP of 94.7% and suggest that a deep learning model based on object detection can be used for quick and automatic detection of pests attracted to pheromone traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsub Yun
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - J Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Near Vijayawada, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sangjoon Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kim
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, 672 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, 52817, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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23
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Ivaskovic P, Ainseba B, Nicolas Y, Toupance T, Tardy P, Thiéry D. Sensing of Airborne Infochemicals for Green Pest Management: What Is the Challenge? ACS Sens 2021; 6:3824-3840. [PMID: 34704740 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest global challenges for our societies is to provide natural resources to the rapidly expanding population while maintaining sustainable and ecologically friendly products. The increasing public concern about toxic insecticides has resulted in the rapid development of alternative techniques based on natural infochemicals (ICs). ICs (e.g., pheromones, allelochemicals, volatile organic compounds) are secondary metabolites produced by plants and animals and used as information vectors governing their interactions. Such chemical language is the primary focus of chemical ecology, where behavior-modifying chemicals are used as tools for green pest management. The success of ecological programs highly depends on several factors, including the amount of ICs that enclose the crop, the range of their diffusion, and the uniformity of their application, which makes precise detection and quantification of ICs essential for efficient and profitable pest control. However, the sensing of such molecules remains challenging, and the number of devices able to detect ICs in air is so far limited. In this review, we will present the advances in sensing of ICs including biochemical sensors mimicking the olfactory system, chemical sensors, and sensor arrays (e-noses). We will also present several mathematical models used in integrated pest management to describe how ICs diffuse in the ambient air and how the structure of the odor plume affects the pest dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ivaskovic
- UMR 1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRAE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- UMR 5218, Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Bedr’Eddine Ainseba
- UMR 5251, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Yohann Nicolas
- UMR 5255, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Thierry Toupance
- UMR 5255, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Pascal Tardy
- UMR 5218, Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Système, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Denis Thiéry
- UMR 1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, INRAE, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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24
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Lucarelli V, Colbert D, Li S, Cumming M, Linklater W, Mitchell J, Travas-Sejdic J, Kralicek A. Selection and characterization of DNA aptamers for the rat major urinary protein 13 (MUP13) as selective biorecognition elements for sensitive detection of rat pests. Talanta 2021; 240:123073. [PMID: 35026634 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Among invasive mammalian predators, rats represent a major threat, endangering ecosystem functioning worldwide. After rat-control operations, detecting their continued presence or reinvasion requires more sensitive and lower cost detection technologies. Here, we develop a new sensing paradigm by using a specific rat urine biomarker (MUP13) to unambiguously signal the presence of rats. As the first step towards a new remote surveillance technology, aptamers were selected to MUP13 using the Flu-Mag SELEX method. Six aptamer candidates were initially screened by dot blot and two of them (Apt-2.5 and Apt-1.4) exhibited high affinity and specificity. Both aptamers were further characterized by bead-based assay to confirm affinity and selectivity. The lead aptamer candidates were then applied to fluorescence anisotropy (FA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor platforms, showing dissociation constants in the nanomolar range and high specificity towards their target. The SPR biosensor had limits of detection of 13.8 and 7.5 nM for Apt-2.5 and Apt-1.4, respectively, which are more than three orders of magnitude lower than the physiological concentrations found in rat urine. Selectivity of the aptamers, when comparing with other major urinary proteins, was excellent, indicating strong efficacy in specific detection of rats. In order to validate the aptamer Apt-2.5 for use with real world samples a FA-based assay was performed on a rat urine sample. The assay showed that the aptamer could detect recombinant MUP13 spiked in filtered urine and the natural MUP13 in unfiltered urine, as a first step into translation to real world application. These are the first known assays to detect and quantify a MUP biomarker of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lucarelli
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Damon Colbert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shiwei Li
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mathew Cumming
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Linklater
- Department of Environmental Studies, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - John Mitchell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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25
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Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly infestation, mechanical damage, and no treatment) were successfully determined by the developed E-nose system. A rapid sensor response with high sensitivity towards whitefly-infested tomato plants was observed in the E-nose system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that the E-nose system was able to provide accurate distinguishment between whitefly-infested plants and healthy plants, with the first three principal components (PCs) accounting for 87.4% of the classification. To reveal the mechanism of whitefly infestation in tomato plants, VOC profiles of whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants were investigated by using the E-nose system and GC-MS. VOCs of 2-nonanol, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, and n-hexadecanoic acid were only detected in whitefly-infested plants, while compounds of dodecane and 4,6-dimethyl were only found in mechanically damaged plant samples. Those unique VOC profiles of different tomato plant groups could be considered as bio-markers for diagnosing different damages. Moreover, the E-nose system was demonstrated to have the capability to differentiate whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants. The relationship between sensor performance and VOC profiles confirmed that the developed E-nose system could be used as a fast and smart device to detect whitefly infestation in greenhouse cultivation.
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Advances in the Detection of Emerging Tree Diseases by Measurements of VOCs and HSPs Gene Expression, Application to Ash Dieback Caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111359. [PMID: 34832516 PMCID: PMC8622506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ash shoot dieback has now spread throughout Europe. It is caused by an interaction between fungi that attack shoots (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) and roots (Armillaria spp., in our case Armillaria gallica). While detection of the pathogen is relatively easy when disease symptoms are present, it is virtually impossible when the infestation is latent. Such situations occur in nurseries when seedlings become infected (the spores are carried by the wind several dozen miles). The diseases are masked by pesticides, fertilisers, and adequate irrigation to protect the plants. Root rot that develops in the soil is also difficult to detect. Currently, there is a lack of equipment that can detect root rot pathogens without digging up root systems, which risks damaging trees. For this reason, the use of an electronic nose to detect pathogens in infected tissue of ash trees grown in pots and inoculated with the above fungi was attempted. Disease symptoms were detected in all ash trees exposed to natural infection (via spores) in the forest. The electronic nose was able to detect the pathogens (compared to the control). Detection of the pathogens in seedlings will enable foresters to remove diseased trees and prevent the path from nursery to forest plantations by such selection.
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Fuentes S, Tongson E, Unnithan RR, Gonzalez Viejo C. Early Detection of Aphid Infestation and Insect-Plant Interaction Assessment in Wheat Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose (E-Nose), Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Modeling. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175948. [PMID: 34502839 PMCID: PMC8434653 DOI: 10.3390/s21175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in early insect detection have been reported using digital technologies through camera systems, sensor networks, and remote sensing coupled with machine learning (ML) modeling. However, up to date, there is no cost-effective system to monitor insect presence accurately and insect-plant interactions. This paper presents results on the implementation of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and a low-cost electronic nose (e-nose) coupled with machine learning. Several artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed based on classification to detect the level of infestation and regression to predict insect numbers for both e-nose and NIR inputs, and plant physiological response based on e-nose to predict photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). Results showed high accuracy for classification models ranging within 96.5-99.3% for NIR and between 94.2-99.2% using e-nose data as inputs. For regression models, high correlation coefficients were obtained for physiological parameters (gs, E and A) using e-nose data from all samples as inputs (R = 0.86) and R = 0.94 considering only control plants (no insect presence). Finally, R = 0.97 for NIR and R = 0.99 for e-nose data as inputs were obtained to predict number of insects. Performances for all models developed showed no signs of overfitting. In this paper, a field-based system using unmanned aerial vehicles with the e-nose as payload was proposed and described for deployment of ML models to aid growers in pest management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigfredo Fuentes
- Digital Agriculture Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (E.T.); (C.G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eden Tongson
- Digital Agriculture Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (E.T.); (C.G.V.)
| | - Ranjith R. Unnithan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Claudia Gonzalez Viejo
- Digital Agriculture Food and Wine Group, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (E.T.); (C.G.V.)
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Borowik P, Adamowicz L, Tarakowski R, Wacławik P, Oszako T, Ślusarski S, Tkaczyk M. Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Detection of Pathogenic Fungi and Applying It to Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5868. [PMID: 34502763 PMCID: PMC8433741 DOI: 10.3390/s21175868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic noses can be applied as a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents the results of measurements of samples of two pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, performed using two constructions of a low-cost electronic nose. The first electronic nose used six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide gas sensors. The second one used ten sensors from only two models (TGS 2602 and TGS 2603) operating at different heater voltages. Sets of features describing the shapes of the measurement curves of the sensors' responses when exposed to the odours were extracted. Machine learning classification models using the logistic regression method were created. We demonstrated the possibility of applying the low-cost electronic nose data to differentiate between the two studied species of fungi with acceptable accuracy. Improved classification performance could be obtained, mainly for measurements using TGS 2603 sensors operating at different voltage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Leszek Adamowicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Przemysław Wacławik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Miłosz Tkaczyk
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
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Electronic Nose Differentiation between Quercus robur Acorns Infected by Pathogenic Oomycetes Phytophthora plurivora and Pythium intermedium. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175272. [PMID: 34500705 PMCID: PMC8434229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the presence of pathogenic oomycetes in infected plant material proved possible using an electronic nose, giving hope for a tool to assist nurseries and quarantine services. Previously, species of Phytophthora plurivora and Pythium intermedium have been successfully distinguished in germinated acorns of English oak Quercus robur L. Chemical compound analyses performed by HS-SPME/GC-MS (Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) revealed the presence of volatile antifungal molecules produced by oak seedlings belonging to terpenes and alkanes. Compounds characteristic only of Phytophthora plurivora or Pythium intermedium were also found. Methylcarveol occurred when germinated acorns were infected with Pythium, while neophytadiene (isomer 2 and 3) occurred only when infected with Phytophthora. Moreover, isopentanol was found in acorns infected with Phytophthora, while in control, isopentyl vinyl ether was not observed anywhere else. Among the numerous volatile compounds, isopentanol only occurred in acorns infected with Phytophthora and methylcarveol in acorns infected with Pythium.
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Matindoust S, Farzi G, Nejad MB, Shahrokhabadi MH. Polymer-based gas sensors to detect meat spoilage: A review. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tang Y, Xu K, Zhao B, Zhang M, Gong C, Wan H, Wang Y, Yang Z. A novel electronic nose for the detection and classification of pesticide residue on apples. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20874-20883. [PMID: 35479381 PMCID: PMC9034013 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive pesticide residues are a serious problem faced by food regulatory authorities, suppliers, and consumers. To assist with this challenge, this work aimed to develop a method of detecting and classifying pesticide residue on fruit samples using an electronic nose, through the application of three different data-recognition algorithms. The apple samples carried various concentrations of two known pesticides, namely cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. Data collection was performed using a PEN3 electronic nose equipped with 10 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors. In order to classify and analyze these pesticide residues on the apple samples, principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM) results were combined with sensor output responses to realize MOS sensor array data visualization. The results indicated that all three data-recognition algorithms accurately identified the pesticide residues in the apple samples, with the PCA algorithm exhibiting the best classification and discrimination ability. Consequently, this work has shown that the MOS electronic nose, in combination with data-recognition algorithms, can provide support for the rapid and non-destructive identification of pesticide residues in fruits and can provide an effective tool for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products. The MOS electronic nose in combination with data-recognition algorithms can provide an effective tool for the detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Kunli Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China.,Bureau of Science, Technology, Agriculture and Livestock MaoXian, Aba Qiang and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Sichuan 623200 China
| | - Chenhui Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Hailun Wan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Yuanhui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
| | - Zepeng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, University of Xihua Chengdu Sichuan 610039 China
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Jiang Z, Xu P, Du Y, Yuan F, Song K. Balanced Distribution Adaptation for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensor Array Drift Compensation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3403. [PMID: 34068297 PMCID: PMC8153337 DOI: 10.3390/s21103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drift compensation is an important issue for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor arrays. General machine learning methods require constant calibration and a large amount of label gas data. At the same time, recalibration will cause a lot of costs, and label gas is difficult to obtain in practice. In this paper, a novel drift compensation method based on balanced distribution adaptation (BDA) is proposed. First, the BDA drift compensation method can adjust the conditional distribution and marginal distribution between the two domains through the weight balance factor, thereby more effectively reducing the mismatch between the two domains. When the BDA method performs classification tasks through machine learning, no labeled data is required in the target domain. Then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to improve the accuracy of drift compensation. Individuals in the population are initialized randomly, and their fitness values are calculated. Iterative optimization of the population individuals is conducted until the optimal weight balance factor parameters are calculated. Finally, the BDA method is experimentally verified on the public gas sensor drift data set. Experimental results showed that the BDA method was significantly better than the existing joint distribution adaptation (JDA) method and other standard drift compensation methods such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). In the two setting groups, the recognition accuracy was 4.54% and 1.62% ahead of the JDA method, and 12.23% and 15.83% ahead of the KNN method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Jiang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Z.J.); (Y.D.)
| | - Peng Xu
- Command and Control Engineering College, People’s Liberation Army Engineering University, Nanjing 210007, China;
| | - Yongbin Du
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Z.J.); (Y.D.)
| | - Feng Yuan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Z.J.); (Y.D.)
| | - Kai Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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33
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Paul R, Ostermann E, Chen Y, Saville AC, Yang Y, Gu Z, Whitfield AE, Ristaino JB, Wei Q. Integrated microneedle-smartphone nucleic acid amplification platform for in-field diagnosis of plant diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 187:113312. [PMID: 34004545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an integrated microneedle (MN)-smartphone nucleic acid amplification platform for "sample-to-answer" diagnosis of multiplexed plant pathogens within 30 min. This portable system consists of a polymeric MN patch for rapid nucleic acid extraction within a minute and a 3D-printed smartphone imaging device for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction and detection. We expanded the extraction of the MN technology for DNA targets as in the previous study (ACS Nano, 2019, 13, 6540-6549) to more fragile RNA biomarkers, evaluated the storability of the extracted nucleic acid samples on MN surfaces, and developed a smartphone-based LAMP amplification and fluorescent reader device that can quantify four LAMP reactions on the same chip. In addition, we have found that the MN patch containing as few as a single needle tip successfully extracted enough RNA for RT-PCR or RT-LAMP analysis. Moreover, MN-extracted RNA samples remained stable on MN surfaces for up to three days. The MN-smartphone platform has been used to detect both Phytophthora infestans DNA and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) RNA down to 1 pg, comparable to the results from a benchtop thermal cycler. Finally, multiplexed detection of P. infestans and TSWV through a single extraction from infected tomato leaves and amplification on the smartphone without benchtop equipment was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27696, USA
| | - Emily Ostermann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27696, USA
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Amanda C Saville
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yuming Yang
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708, PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Laboratory of Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Cencter, Hangzhou, Zhejing, 310058, China; Deparment of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27696, USA
| | - Jean B Ristaino
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27696, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27696, USA; Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27696, USA.
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34
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Identification, behavior analysis, and control of snail pest in agricultural fields using signal analysis and nanoparticles. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
With the rapid increase in the world’s population, there is an ever-growing need for a sustainable food supply. Agriculture is one of the pillars for worldwide food provisioning, with fruits and vegetables being essential for a healthy diet. However, in the last few years the worldwide dispersion of virulent plant pests and diseases has caused significant decreases in the yield and quality of crops, in particular fruit, cereal and vegetables. Climate change and the intensification of global trade flows further accentuate the issue. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to pest control that aims at maintaining pest insects at tolerable levels, keeping pest populations below an economic injury level. Under these circumstances, the early identification of pests and diseases becomes crucial. In this work, we present the first step towards a fully fledged, semantically enhanced decision support system for IPM. The ultimate goal is to build a complete agricultural knowledge base by gathering data from multiple, heterogeneous sources and to develop a system to assist farmers in decision making concerning the control of pests and diseases. The pest classifier framework has been evaluated in a simulated environment, obtaining an aggregated accuracy of 98.8%.
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36
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Tholl D, Hossain O, Weinhold A, Röse USR, Wei Q. Trends and applications in plant volatile sampling and analysis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:314-325. [PMID: 33506558 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants serve as information and defense chemicals in mutualistic and antagonistic interactions and mitigate effects of abiotic stress. Passive and dynamic sampling techniques combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have become routine tools to measure emissions of VOCs and determine their various functions. More recently, knowledge of the roles of plant VOCs in the aboveground environment has led to the exploration of similar functions in the soil and rhizosphere. Moreover, VOC patterns have been recognized as sensitive and time-dependent markers of biotic and abiotic stress. This focused review addresses these developments by presenting recent progress in VOC sampling and analysis. We show advances in the use of small, inexpensive sampling devices and describe methods to monitor plant VOC emissions in the belowground environment. We further address latest trends in real-time measurements of volatilomes in plant phenotyping and most recent developments of small portable devices and VOC sensors for non-invasive VOC fingerprinting of plant disease. These technologies allow for innovative approaches to study plant VOC biology and application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Oindrila Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, Norther Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Ursula S R Röse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security Cluster, Norther Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Buja I, Sabella E, Monteduro AG, Chiriacò MS, De Bellis L, Luvisi A, Maruccio G. Advances in Plant Disease Detection and Monitoring: From Traditional Assays to In-Field Diagnostics. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062129. [PMID: 33803614 PMCID: PMC8003093 DOI: 10.3390/s21062129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human activities significantly contribute to worldwide spread of phytopathological adversities. Pathogen-related food losses are today responsible for a reduction in quantity and quality of yield and decrease value and financial returns. As a result, “early detection” in combination with “fast, accurate, and cheap” diagnostics have also become the new mantra in plant pathology, especially for emerging diseases or challenging pathogens that spread thanks to asymptomatic individuals with subtle initial symptoms but are then difficult to face. Furthermore, in a globalized market sensitive to epidemics, innovative tools suitable for field-use represent the new frontier with respect to diagnostic laboratories, ensuring that the instruments and techniques used are suitable for the operational contexts. In this framework, portable systems and interconnection with Internet of Things (IoT) play a pivotal role. Here we review innovative diagnostic methods based on nanotechnologies and new perspectives concerning information and communication technology (ICT) in agriculture, resulting in an improvement in agricultural and rural development and in the ability to revolutionize the concept of “preventive actions”, making the difference in fighting against phytopathogens, all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Buja
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | | | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (L.D.B.)
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (L.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.M.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Saha D, Manickavasagan A. Machine learning techniques for analysis of hyperspectral images to determine quality of food products: A review. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:28-44. [PMID: 33659896 PMCID: PMC7890297 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-destructive testing techniques have gained importance in monitoring food quality over the years. Hyperspectral imaging is one of the important non-destructive quality testing techniques which provides both spatial and spectral information. Advancement in machine learning techniques for rapid analysis with higher classification accuracy have improved the potential of using this technique for food applications. This paper provides an overview of the application of different machine learning techniques in analysis of hyperspectral images for determination of food quality. It covers the principle underlying hyperspectral imaging, the advantages, and the limitations of each machine learning technique. The machine learning techniques exhibited rapid analysis of hyperspectral images of food products with high accuracy thereby enabling robust classification or regression models. The selection of effective wavelengths from the hyperspectral data is of paramount importance since it greatly reduces the computational load and time which enhances the scope for real time applications. Due to the feature learning nature of deep learning, it is one of the most promising and powerful techniques for real time applications. However, the field of deep learning is relatively new and need further research for its full utilization. Similarly, lifelong machine learning paves the way for real time HSI applications but needs further research to incorporate the seasonal variations in food quality. Further, the research gaps in machine learning techniques for hyperspectral image analysis, and the prospects are discussed. Artificial neural network has been intensively used for Hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis. Support vector machines and random forest techniques are gaining momentum for HSI analysis. Deep learning applications has potential for implementation in real time HSI analysis. Lifelong machine learning needs further research to incorporate the seasonal variations in food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiman Saha
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, N1G2W1, Canada
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39
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Borowik P, Adamowicz L, Tarakowski R, Wacławik P, Oszako T, Ślusarski S, Tkaczyk M. Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1326. [PMID: 33668511 PMCID: PMC7918289 DOI: 10.3390/s21041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared with traditional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques, electronic noses are non-invasive and can be a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents comparative studies of differentiation between odors emitted by two forest pathogens: Pythium and Phytophthora, measured by a low-cost electronic nose. The electronic nose applies six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide sensors. Various features describing shapes of the measurement curves of sensors' response to the odors' exposure were extracted and used for building the classification models. As a machine learning algorithm for classification, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method and various measures to assess classification models' performance. Differentiation between Phytophthora and Pythium species has an important practical aspect allowing forest practitioners to take appropriate plant protection. We demonstrate the possibility to recognize and differentiate between the two mentioned species with acceptable accuracy by our low-cost electronic nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Borowik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Leszek Adamowicz
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Rafał Tarakowski
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Przemysław Wacławik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.)
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Sławomir Ślusarski
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
| | - Miłosz Tkaczyk
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.)
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Abstract
Mints emit diverse scents that exert specific biological functions and are relevance for applications. The current work strives to develop electronic noses that can electronically discriminate the scents emitted by different species of Mint as alternative to conventional profiling by gas chromatography. Here, 12 different sensing materials including 4 different metal oxide nanoparticle dispersions (AZO, ZnO, SnO2, ITO), one Metal Organic Frame as Cu(BPDC), and 7 different polymer films, including PVA, PEDOT:PSS, PFO, SB, SW, SG, and PB were used for functionalizing of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensors. The purpose was to discriminate six economically relevant Mint species (Mentha x piperita, Mentha spicata, Mentha spicata ssp. crispa, Mentha longifolia, Agastache rugosa, and Nepeta cataria). The adsorption and desorption datasets obtained from each modified QCM sensor were processed by three different classification models, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and k-Nearest Neighbor Analysis (k-NN). This allowed discriminating the different Mints with classification accuracies of 97.2% (PCA), 100% (LDA), and 99.9% (k-NN), respectively. Prediction accuracies with a repeating test measurement reached up to 90.6% for LDA, and 85.6% for k-NN. These data demonstrate that this electronic nose can discriminate different Mint scents in a reliable and efficient manner.
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Fahey T, Pham H, Gardi A, Sabatini R, Stefanelli D, Goodwin I, Lamb DW. Active and Passive Electro-Optical Sensors for Health Assessment in Food Crops. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 21:E171. [PMID: 33383831 PMCID: PMC7795220 DOI: 10.3390/s21010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In agriculture, early detection of plant stresses is advantageous in preventing crop yield losses. Remote sensors are increasingly being utilized for crop health monitoring, offering non-destructive, spatialized detection and the quantification of plant diseases at various levels of measurement. Advances in sensor technologies have promoted the development of novel techniques for precision agriculture. As in situ techniques are surpassed by multispectral imaging, refinement of hyperspectral imaging and the promising emergence of light detection and ranging (LIDAR), remote sensing will define the future of biotic and abiotic plant stress detection, crop yield estimation and product quality. The added value of LIDAR-based systems stems from their greater flexibility in capturing data, high rate of data delivery and suitability for a high level of automation while overcoming the shortcomings of passive systems limited by atmospheric conditions, changes in light, viewing angle and canopy structure. In particular, a multi-sensor systems approach and associated data fusion techniques (i.e., blending LIDAR with existing electro-optical sensors) offer increased accuracy in plant disease detection by focusing on traditional optimal estimation and the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques for spatially and temporally distributed big data. When applied across different platforms (handheld, ground-based, airborne, ground/aerial robotic vehicles or satellites), these electro-optical sensors offer new avenues to predict and react to plant stress and disease. This review examines the key sensor characteristics, platform integration options and data analysis techniques recently proposed in the field of precision agriculture and highlights the key challenges and benefits of each concept towards informing future research in this very important and rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fahey
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (T.F.); (H.P.); (A.G.)
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., 81 Broadway, Melbourne, NSW 2007, Australia; (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Hai Pham
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (T.F.); (H.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gardi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (T.F.); (H.P.); (A.G.)
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., 81 Broadway, Melbourne, NSW 2007, Australia; (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Roberto Sabatini
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (T.F.); (H.P.); (A.G.)
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., 81 Broadway, Melbourne, NSW 2007, Australia; (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.W.L.)
| | - Dario Stefanelli
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., 81 Broadway, Melbourne, NSW 2007, Australia; (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.W.L.)
- Manjimup Centre, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Private Bag 7, Manjimup, WA 6258, Australia
| | - Ian Goodwin
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., 81 Broadway, Melbourne, NSW 2007, Australia; (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.W.L.)
- Agriculture Victoria, Tatura, VIC 3616, Australia
| | - David William Lamb
- Food Agility CRC Ltd., 81 Broadway, Melbourne, NSW 2007, Australia; (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.W.L.)
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Instrumental Odour Monitoring System Classification Performance Optimization by Analysis of Different Pattern-Recognition and Feature Extraction Techniques. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010114. [PMID: 33375421 PMCID: PMC7794822 DOI: 10.3390/s21010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Instrumental odour monitoring systems (IOMS) are intelligent electronic sensing tools for which the primary application is the generation of odour metrics that are indicators of odour as perceived by human observers. The quality of the odour sensor signal, the mathematical treatment of the acquired data, and the validation of the correlation of the odour metric are key topics to control in order to ensure a robust and reliable measurement. The research presents and discusses the use of different pattern recognition and feature extraction techniques in the elaboration and effectiveness of the odour classification monitoring model (OCMM). The effect of the rise, intermediate, and peak period from the original response curve, in collaboration with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a pattern recognition algorithm, were investigated. Laboratory analyses were performed with real odour samples collected in a complex industrial plant, using an advanced smart IOMS. The results demonstrate the influence of the choice of method on the quality of the OCMM produced. The peak period in combination with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) highlighted the best combination on the basis of high classification rates. The paper provides information to develop a solution to optimize the performance of IOMS.
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Kothawade GS, Sankaran S, Bates AA, Schroeder BK, Khot LR. Feasibility of Volatile Biomarker-Based Detection of Pythium Leak in Postharvest Stored Potato Tubers Using Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E7350. [PMID: 33371462 PMCID: PMC7767497 DOI: 10.3390/s20247350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluates the suitability of a field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) system for early detection of the Pythium leak disease in potato tubers simulating bulk storage conditions. Tubers of Ranger Russet (RR) and Russet Burbank (RB) cultivars were inoculated with Pythium ultimum, the causal agent of Pythium leak (with negative control samples as well) and placed in glass jars. The headspace in sampling jars was scanned using the FAIMS system at regular intervals (in days up to 14 and 31 days for the tubers stored at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively) to acquire ion mobility current profiles representing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Principal component analysis plots revealed that VOCs ion peak profiles specific to Pythium ultimum were detected for the cultivars as early as one day after inoculation (DAI) at room temperature storage condition, while delayed detection was observed for tubers stored at 4 °C (RR: 5th DAI and RB: 10th DAI), possibly due to a slower disease progression at a lower temperature. There was also some overlap between control and inoculated samples at a lower temperature, which could be because of the limited volatile release. Additionally, data suggested that the RB cultivar might be less susceptible to Pythium ultimum under reduced temperature storage conditions. Disease symptom-specific critical compensation voltage (CV) and dispersion field (DF) from FAIMS responses were in the ranges of -0.58 to -2.97 V and 30-84% for the tubers stored at room temperature, and -0.31 to -2.97 V and 28-90% for reduced temperature, respectively. The ion current intensities at -1.31 V CV and 74% DF showed distinctive temporal progression associated with healthy control and infected tuber samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan S. Kothawade
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (G.S.K.); (L.R.K.)
- Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Sindhuja Sankaran
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (G.S.K.); (L.R.K.)
- Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Austin A. Bates
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2329, USA; (A.A.B.); (B.K.S.)
| | - Brenda K. Schroeder
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2329, USA; (A.A.B.); (B.K.S.)
| | - Lav R. Khot
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (G.S.K.); (L.R.K.)
- Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
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Lew TTS, Sarojam R, Jang IC, Park BS, Naqvi NI, Wong MH, Singh GP, Ram RJ, Shoseyov O, Saito K, Chua NH, Strano MS. Species-independent analytical tools for next-generation agriculture. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1408-1417. [PMID: 33257857 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Innovative approaches are urgently required to alleviate the growing pressure on agriculture to meet the rising demand for food. A key challenge for plant biology is to bridge the notable knowledge gap between our detailed understanding of model plants grown under laboratory conditions and the agriculturally important crops cultivated in fields or production facilities. This Perspective highlights the recent development of new analytical tools that are rapid and non-destructive and provide tissue-, cell- or organelle-specific information on living plants in real time, with the potential to extend across multiple species in field applications. We evaluate the utility of engineered plant nanosensors and portable Raman spectroscopy to detect biotic and abiotic stresses, monitor plant hormonal signalling as well as characterize the soil, phytobiome and crop health in a non- or minimally invasive manner. We propose leveraging these tools to bridge the aforementioned fundamental gap with new synthesis and integration of expertise from plant biology, engineering and data science. Lastly, we assess the economic potential and discuss implementation strategies that will ensure the acceptance and successful integration of these modern tools in future farming practices in traditional as well as urban agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajani Sarojam
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bong Soo Park
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naweed I Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hao Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gajendra P Singh
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajeev J Ram
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
Detection, identification, and quantification of plant diseases by sensor techniques are expected to enable a more precise disease control, as sensors are sensitive, objective, and highly available for disease assessment. Recent progress in sensor technology and data processing is very promising; nevertheless, technical constraints and issues inherent to variability in host-pathogen interactions currently limit the use of sensors in various fields of application. The information from spectral [e.g., RGB (red, green, blue)], multispectral, and hyperspectral sensors that measure reflectance, fluorescence, and emission of radiation or from electronic noses that detect volatile organic compounds released from plants or pathogens, as well as the potential of sensors to characterize the health status of crops, is evaluated based on the recent literature. Phytopathological aspects of remote sensing of plant diseases across different scales and for various purposes are discussed, including spatial disease patterns, epidemic spread of pathogens, crop characteristics, and links to disease control. Future challenges in sensor use are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich-Christian Oerke
- INRES, Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
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46
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Adedeji AA, Ekramirad N, Rady A, Hamidisepehr A, Donohue KD, Villanueva RT, Parrish CA, Li M. Non-Destructive Technologies for Detecting Insect Infestation in Fruits and Vegetables under Postharvest Conditions: A Critical Review. Foods 2020; 9:E927. [PMID: 32674380 PMCID: PMC7404779 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, food scientists have attempted to develop new technologies that can improve the detection of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables under postharvest conditions using a multitude of non-destructive technologies. While consumers' expectations for higher nutritive and sensorial value of fresh produce has increased over time, they have also become more critical on using insecticides or synthetic chemicals to preserve food quality from insects' attacks or enhance the quality attributes of minimally processed fresh produce. In addition, the increasingly stringent quarantine measures by regulatory agencies for commercial import-export of fresh produce needs more reliable technologies for quickly detecting insect infestation in fruits and vegetables before their commercialization. For these reasons, the food industry investigates alternative and non-destructive means to improve food quality. Several studies have been conducted on the development of rapid, accurate, and reliable insect infestation monitoring systems to replace invasive and subjective methods that are often inefficient. There are still major limitations to the effective in-field, as well as postharvest on-line, monitoring applications. This review presents a general overview of current non-destructive techniques for the detection of insect damage in fruits and vegetables and discusses basic principles and applications. The paper also elaborates on the specific post-harvest fruit infestation detection methods, which include principles, protocols, specific application examples, merits, and limitations. The methods reviewed include those based on spectroscopy, imaging, acoustic sensing, and chemical interactions, with greater emphasis on the noninvasive methods. This review also discusses the current research gaps as well as the future research directions for non-destructive methods' application in the detection and classification of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinbode A. Adedeji
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Nader Ekramirad
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ali Hamidisepehr
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Kevin D. Donohue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (K.D.D.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Raul T. Villanueva
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY 42445-0469, USA;
| | - Chadwick A. Parrish
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (K.D.D.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; (N.E.); (A.R.); (A.H.); (M.L.)
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Benammar MA, Ahmad SHM, Abdaoui A, Tariq H, Touati F, Al-Hitmi M, Crescini D. A Smart Rig for Calibration of Gas Sensor Nodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2341. [PMID: 32326014 PMCID: PMC7219255 DOI: 10.3390/s20082341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical gas sensors require regular maintenance to check and secure proper functioning. Standard procedures usually involve testing and recalibration of the sensors, for which working environments are needed. Periodic calibration is therefore necessary to ensure reliable and accurate measurements. This paper proposes a dedicated smart calibration rig with a set of novel features enabling simultaneous calibration of multiple sensors. The proposed calibration rig system comprises a gas mixing system, temperature control system, a test chamber, and a process-control PC that controls all calibration phases. The calibration process is automated by a LabVIEW-based platform that controls the calibration environment for the sensor nodes, logs sensor data, and best fit equation based on interpolation for every sensor on the node and uploads it to the sensor node for next deployments. The communication between the PC and the sensor nodes is performed using the same IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) protocol that the nodes also use in field deployment for air quality measurement. The results presented demonstrate the effectiveness of the sensors calibration rig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohieddine A. Benammar
- Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; (M.A.B.); (S.H.M.A.); (H.T.); (F.T.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Sabbir H. M. Ahmad
- Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; (M.A.B.); (S.H.M.A.); (H.T.); (F.T.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Abderrazak Abdaoui
- Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; (M.A.B.); (S.H.M.A.); (H.T.); (F.T.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Hasan Tariq
- Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; (M.A.B.); (S.H.M.A.); (H.T.); (F.T.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Farid Touati
- Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; (M.A.B.); (S.H.M.A.); (H.T.); (F.T.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Hitmi
- Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; (M.A.B.); (S.H.M.A.); (H.T.); (F.T.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Damiano Crescini
- Department of Information Engineering, Brescia University, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
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Tanaka F, Magariyama Y, Miyanoshita A. Volatile biomarkers for early-stage detection of insect-infested brown rice: Isopentenols and polysulfides. Food Chem 2020; 303:125381. [PMID: 31473459 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To reduce food loss from stored products by insect attack, monitoring and early detection of insects are essential. Presently, monitoring with pheromone traps is the primary method for detection; however, traps are effective only after the insects propagate. Detection and identification of the early volatile biomarkers arising from insect-infested brown rice was performed in this study to develop an alternative detection strategy. Brown rice was infested with eggs of seven insect species, including Sitophilus zeamais and Plodia interpunctella. Infested rice emitted at least one of the volatile compounds prenol, isoprenol, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). In particular, isopentenols were generated by moths within one week of infestation, whereas they were not released from non-infested rice. DMTS was detected from all insect-infested brown rice, especially S. zeamais and P. interpunctella. These volatiles are potential early biomarkers for the presence of insects in brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukuyo Tanaka
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan.
| | - Yukio Magariyama
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Miyanoshita
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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49
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Szczurek A, Maciejewska M, Bąk B, Wilk J, Wilde J, Siuda M. Gas Sensor Array and Classifiers as a Means of Varroosis Detection. SENSORS 2019; 20:s20010117. [PMID: 31878107 PMCID: PMC6983005 DOI: 10.3390/s20010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study focused on a method of detection for bee colony infestation with the Varroa destructor mite, based on the measurements of the chemical properties of beehive air. The efficient detection of varroosis was demonstrated. This method of detection is based on a semiconductor gas sensor array and classification module. The efficiency of detection was characterized by the true positive rate (TPR) and true negative rate (TNR). Several factors influencing the performance of the method were determined. They were: (1) the number and kind of sensors, (2) the classifier, (3) the group of bee colonies, and (4) the balance of the classification data set. Gas sensor array outperformed single sensors. It should include at least four sensors. Better results of detection were attained with a support vector machine (SVM) as compared with the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm. The selection of bee colonies was important. TPR and TNR differed by several percent for the two examined groups of colonies. The balance of the classification data was crucial. The average classification results were, for the balanced data set: TPR = 0.93 and TNR = 0.95, and for the imbalanced data set: TP = 0.95 and FP = 0.53. The selection of bee colonies and the balance of classification data set have to be controlled in order to attain high performance of the proposed detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Szczurek
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Monika Maciejewska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Beata Bąk
- Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.B.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Jakub Wilk
- Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.B.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Jerzy Wilde
- Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.B.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Siuda
- Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.B.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (M.S.)
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50
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Cui S, Inocente EAA, Acosta N, Keener HM, Zhu H, Ling PP. Development of Fast E-nose System for Early-Stage Diagnosis of Aphid-Stressed Tomato Plants. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19163480. [PMID: 31395823 PMCID: PMC6721161 DOI: 10.3390/s19163480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a sensitive sensor array was developed for fast diagnosis of aphid infestation on greenhouse tomato plants at early stages. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by tomato plants with and without aphid attacks were detected using both the developed E-nose system and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Sensor performance, with fast sensor responses and high sensitivity, were observed using the E-nose system. A principle component analysis (PCA) indicated accurate diagnosis of aphid-stressed plants compared to healthy ones, with the first two PCs accounting for 86.7% of the classification. The changes in VOCs profiles of the healthy and infested tomato plants were quantitatively determined by GC-MS. Results indicated that a group of new VOCs biomarkers (linalool, carveol, and nonane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethyl-)) played a role in providing information on the infestation on the tomato plants. More importantly, the variation in the concentration of sesquiterpene VOCs (e.g., caryophyllene) and new terpene alcohol compounds was closely associated with the sensor responses during E-nose testing, which verified the reliability and accuracy of the developed E-nose system. Tomato plants growing in spring had similar VOCs profiles as those of winter plants, except several terpenes released from spring plants that had a slightly higher intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Cui
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Elvia Adriana Alfaro Inocente
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Nuris Acosta
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Harold M Keener
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Heping Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Application Technology Research Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
| | - Peter P Ling
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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