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Hu H, Hu C, Guo W, Zhu B, Wang S. Wearable ultrasound devices: An emerging era for biomedicine and clinical translation. ULTRASONICS 2024; 142:107401. [PMID: 39004039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, personalized diagnosis and treatment have gained significant recognition and rapid development in the biomedicine and healthcare. Due to the flexibility, portability and excellent compatibility, wearable ultrasound (WUS) devices have become emerging personalized medical devices with great potential for development. Currently, with the development of the ongoing advancements in materials and structural design of the ultrasound transducers, WUS devices have improved performance and are increasingly applied in the medical field. In this review, we provide an overview of the design and structure of WUS devices, focusing on their application for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases from a clinical application perspective, and then explore the issues that need to be addressed before clinical translation. Finally, we summarize the progress made in the development of WUS devices, and discuss the current challenges and the future direction of their development. In conclusion, WUS devices usher an emerging era for biomedicine with great clinical promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China
| | - Changhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China
| | - Benpeng Zhu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Songyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China; Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, China.
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2
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Formenti P, Ruzza F, Pederzolli Giovanazzi G, Sabbatini G, Galimberti A, Gotti M, Pezzi A, Umbrello M. Exploring ultrasonographic diaphragmatic function in perioperative anesthesia setting: A comprehensive narrative review. J Clin Anesth 2024; 97:111530. [PMID: 38986431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ultrasound study of diaphragm function represents a valid method that has been extensively studied in recent decades in various fields, especially in intensive care, emergency, and pulmonology settings. Diaphragmatic function is pivotal in these contexts due to its crucial role in respiratory mechanics, ventilation support strategies, and overall patient respiratory outcomes. Dysfunction or weakness of the diaphragm can lead to respiratory failure, ventilatory insufficiency, and prolonged mechanical ventilation, making its assessment essential for patient management and prognosis in critical care and emergency medicine. While several studies have focused on diaphragmatic functionality in the context of intensive care, there has been limited attention within the field of anesthesia. The ultrasound aids in assessing diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) by measuring muscle mass and contractility and their potential variations over time. Recent advancements in ultrasound imaging allow clinicians to evaluate diaphragm function and monitor it during mechanical ventilation more easily. In the context of anesthesia, early studies have shed light on the patho-physiological mechanisms of diaphragm function during general anesthesia. In contrast, more recent research has centered on evaluating diaphragmatic functionality at various phases of general anesthesia and by comparing diverse types of procedures or anatomical position during surgery. The objectives of this current review are to highlight the use of diaphragm ultrasound for the evaluation of diaphragmatic function during perioperative anesthesia and surgery. Specifically, we aim to examine the effects of anesthetic agents, surgical techniques, and anatomical positioning on diaphragmatic function. We explore how ultrasound aids in assessing DD by measuring muscle mass and contractility, as well as their potential variations over time. Additionally, we will discuss recent advancements in ultrasound imaging that allow clinicians to evaluate diaphragm function and monitor it during mechanical ventilation more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Formenti
- SC Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo 20097, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ruzza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Sabbatini
- SC Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- SC Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Gotti
- SC Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Pezzi
- SC Anestesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva, ASST Nord Milano, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Umbrello
- Department of Intensive Care, New Hospital of Legnano: Ospedale Nuovo di Legnano, 20025, Legnano, Milan, Italy
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Huang H, Wu RS, Lin M, Xu S. Emerging Wearable Ultrasound Technology. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2024; 71:713-729. [PMID: 37878424 PMCID: PMC11263711 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2023.3327143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This perspective article provides a brief overview on materials, fabrications, beamforming, and applications for wearable ultrasound devices, a rapidly growing field with versatile implications. Recent developments in miniaturization and soft electronics have significantly advanced wearable ultrasound devices. Such devices offer distinctive advantages over traditional ultrasound probes, including prolonged usability and operator independence, and have demonstrated their effectiveness in continuous monitoring, noninvasive therapies, and advanced human-machine interfaces. Wearable ultrasound devices can be classified into three main categories: rigid, flexible, and stretchable, each having distinctive properties and fabrication strategies. Key unique strategies in device design, packaging, and beamforming for each type of wearable ultrasound devices are reviewed. Furthermore, we highlight the latest applications enabled by wearable ultrasound technology in various areas. This article concludes by discussing the outstanding challenges within the field and outlines potential pathways for future advancements.
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Zeng Q, Li G, Chen W. Ultrasound-activatable and skin-associated minimally invasive microdevices for smart drug delivery and diagnosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115133. [PMID: 37925075 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-activatable and skin-associated minimally invasive microdevices (USMIMs) have garnered significant attention in the domains of smart drug delivery and biomedical diagnosis for on-demand healthcare, owing to their outstanding wearability, flexibility, and comfort. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the noteworthy advancements in USMIMs, with a specific focus on device design, potential applications, challenges, and future prospects. The classification of such microdevices primarily encompasses biointerfacing microsystems, including skin-perforable US-assisted microneedles (MNs), skin-attachable sonophoresis and their combination with microbubbles, as well as non-biointerfacing microsystems for drug delivery. Additionally, US-mediated and skin-attached microtransducers utilized in biomedical diagnosis are classified into imaging-related microtransducers, diagramming detection devices, and their combinative systems with applications on diverse signal detection. Besides, the review also highlights the challenges associated with USMIMs, focusing on aspects such as safety, environmental tolerance, wearability/comfortability, and personalization. Furthermore, it offers insights into future perspectives that address these challenges and discuss potential advancements in the field. It is firmly believed that the proposed USMIMs possess immense potential to significantly improve human lives in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guanyue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Li H, Yuan J, Fennell G, Abdulla V, Nistala R, Dandachi D, Ho DKC, Zhang Y. Recent advances in wearable sensors and data analytics for continuous monitoring and analysis of biomarkers and symptoms related to COVID-19. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:031302. [PMID: 38510705 PMCID: PMC10903389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of many people around the world. Based on the available data and published reports, most people diagnosed with COVID-19 exhibit no or mild symptoms and could be discharged home for self-isolation. Considering that a substantial portion of them will progress to a severe disease requiring hospitalization and medical management, including respiratory and circulatory support in the form of supplemental oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, etc. The continuous monitoring of patient conditions at home for patients with COVID-19 will allow early determination of disease severity and medical intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality. In addition, this will allow early and safe hospital discharge and free hospital beds for patients who are in need of admission. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in next-generation wearable sensors capable of continuous monitoring of disease symptoms, particularly those associated with COVID-19. These include wearable non/minimally invasive biophysical (temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and biochemical (cytokines, cortisol, and electrolytes) sensors, sensor data analytics, and machine learning-enabled early detection and medical intervention techniques. Together, we aim to inspire the future development of wearable sensors integrated with data analytics, which serve as a foundation for disease diagnostics, health monitoring and predictions, and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Jianhe Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Gavin Fennell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Vagif Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | - Dima Dandachi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | - Dominic K. C. Ho
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Zhang DY, Yang S, Geng HX, Yuan YJ, Ding CJ, Yang J, Li MY. Real-time continuous image guidance for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography based on 3D/2D registration and respiratory compensation. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3157-3167. [PMID: 37346159 PMCID: PMC10280790 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been confirmed that three-dimensional (3D) imaging allows easier identification of bile duct anatomy and intraoperative guidance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which reduces the radiation dose and procedure time with improved safety. However, current 3D biliary imaging does not have good real-time fusion with intraoperative imaging, a process meant to overcome the influence of intraoperative respiratory motion and guide navigation. The present study explored the feasibility of real-time continuous image-guided ERCP. AIM To explore the feasibility of real-time continuous image-guided ERCP. METHODS We selected 2 3D-printed abdominal biliary tract models with different structures to simulate different patients. The ERCP environment was simulated for the biliary phantom experiment to create a navigation system, which was further tested in patients. In addition, based on the estimation of the patient's respiratory motion, preoperative 3D biliary imaging from computed tomography of 18 patients with cholelithiasis was registered and fused in real-time with 2D fluoroscopic sequence generated by the C-arm unit during ERCP. RESULTS Continuous image-guided ERCP was applied in the biliary phantom with a registration error of 0.46 mm ± 0.13 mm and a tracking error of 0.64 mm ± 0.24 mm. After estimating the respiratory motion, 3D/2D registration accurately transformed preoperative 3D biliary images to each image in the X-ray image sequence in real-time in 18 patients, with an average fusion rate of 88%. CONCLUSION Continuous image-guided ERCP may be an effective approach to assist the operator and reduce the use of X-ray and contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ya Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Geng
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Jia Yuan
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chi-Jiao Ding
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Deng R, Gao Y, Huang X, Zhang L, Wu P. A research of the respiratory status detection method measured by abdominal rise and fall. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14728. [PMID: 37025774 PMCID: PMC10070090 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory activity is the most important basic life activity of human body, respiratory state detection is of great practical significance. Based on the characteristic of high correlation between the change of tidal volume and the change of abdominal displacement, a method of detecting respiratory status through abdominal displacement data is proposed. The method uses a gas pressure sensor to collect the tidal volume in the steady state of the subject once, which is used as the baseline data. The abdominal displacement data of the subject in the three breathing states of slow breathing, steady breathing and rapid breathing were collected with an acceleration sensor. The warp path distance between the lung and abdominal data in the three different states was calculated, this warp path distance together with the period extracted from the abdominal data is used as a two-dimensional feature and input to the support vector machine classifier. The experiments show that the accuracy of the classification results reaches 90.23%. The method only needs to measure the lung data once in smooth breathing state, and the subsequent continuous detection is achieved by measuring the displacement of the abdomen only. This method has the advantages of stable and reliable acquisition results, low implementation cost and simplified wearing method, and has high practicality.
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Cheng X, Cai J, Xu J, Gong D. High-Performance Strain Sensors Based on Au/Graphene Composite Films with Hierarchical Cracks for Wide Linear-Range Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39230-39239. [PMID: 35988067 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable strain sensors based on nanomaterial thin films have aroused extensive interest for the strain perception of smart skins. However, it still remains challenging to have them achieve high sensitivity over wide linear working ranges. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate stretchable strain sensors based on Au/graphene composite films (AGCFs) with hierarchical cracks and demonstrate their superior sensing performances. The polydimethylsiloxane substrates were covered with self-assembled graphene films (SAGFs) and sputtered with Au, and then prestretching was applied to introduce hierarchical cracks. The AGCF strain sensors exhibited high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) ≈ 153) and favorable linearity (R2 ≈ 0.9975) in the wide working range (0-20%) with ultralow overshooting (∼1.7% at 20%), fast response (<42.5 ms), and also excellent cycling stability (1500 cycles). Besides, these patternable sensors could further achieve higher GF (∼320) via pattern designing. The dominant effect of the intermediate wrinkled SAGFs in forming hierarchical cracks was studied, and the linear sensing mechanism of the as-formed fractal microstructures was also revealed in detail. Moreover, the AGCF strain sensors were tested for motion monitoring of the human body and electronic bird. Due to the remarkable versatility, scalable fabrication, and integration capability, these sensors demonstrate great potential to construct smart skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Wagner MG, Periyasamy S, Longhurst C, McLachlan MJ, Whitehead JF, Speidel MA, Laeseke PF. Real-time respiratory motion compensated roadmaps for hepatic arterial interventions. Med Phys 2021; 48:5661-5673. [PMID: 34431111 PMCID: PMC8568648 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During hepatic arterial interventions, catheter or guidewire position is determined by referencing or overlaying a previously acquired static vessel roadmap. Respiratory motion leads to significant discrepancies between the true position and configuration of the hepatic arteries and the roadmap, which makes navigation and accurate catheter placement more challenging and time consuming. The purpose of this work was to develop a dynamic respiratory motion compensated device guidance system and evaluate the accuracy and real-time performance in an in vivo porcine liver model. METHODS The proposed device navigation system estimates a respiratory motion model for the hepatic vasculature from prenavigational X-ray image sequences acquired under free-breathing conditions with and without contrast enhancement. During device navigation, the respiratory state is tracked based on live fluoroscopic images and then used to estimate vessel deformation based on the previously determined motion model. Additionally, guidewires and catheters are segmented from the fluoroscopic images using a deep learning approach. The vessel and device information are combined and shown in a real-time display. Two different display modes are evaluated within this work: (1) a compensated roadmap display, where the vessel roadmap is shown moving with the respiratory motion; (2) an inverse compensated device display, where the device representation is compensated for respiratory motion and overlaid on a static roadmap. A porcine study including seven animals was performed to evaluate the accuracy and real-time performance of the system. In each pig, a guidewire and microcatheter with a radiopaque marker were navigated to distal branches of the hepatic arteries under fluoroscopic guidance. Motion compensated displays were generated showing real-time overlays of the vessel roadmap and intravascular devices. The accuracy of the motion model was estimated by comparing the estimated vessel motion to the motion of the X-ray visible marker. RESULTS The median (minimum, maximum) error across animals was 1.08 mm (0.92 mm, 1.87 mm). Across different respiratory states and vessel branch levels, the odds of the guidewire tip being shown in the correct vessel branch were significantly higher (odds ratio = 3.12, p < 0.0001) for motion compensated displays compared to a noncompensated display (median probabilities of 86 and 69%, respectively). The average processing time per frame was 17 ms. CONCLUSIONS The proposed respiratory motion compensated device guidance system increased the accuracy of the displayed device position relative to the hepatic vasculature. Additionally, the provided display modes combine both vessel and device information and do not require the mental integration of different displays by the physician. The processing times were well within the range of conventional clinical frame rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Wagner
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarvesh Periyasamy
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Colin Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew J McLachlan
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph F Whitehead
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael A Speidel
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F Laeseke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ali M, Elsayed A, Mendez A, Savaria Y, Sawan M. Contact and Remote Breathing Rate Monitoring Techniques: A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:14569-14586. [PMID: 35789086 PMCID: PMC8769001 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3072607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Breathing rate monitoring is a must for hospitalized patients with the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We review in this paper recent implementations of breathing monitoring techniques, where both contact and remote approaches are presented. It is known that with non-contact monitoring, the patient is not tied to an instrument, which improves patients' comfort and enhances the accuracy of extracted breathing activity, since the distress generated by a contact device is avoided. Remote breathing monitoring allows screening people infected with COVID-19 by detecting abnormal respiratory patterns. However, non-contact methods show some disadvantages such as the higher set-up complexity compared to contact ones. On the other hand, many reported contact methods are mainly implemented using discrete components. While, numerous integrated solutions have been reported for non-contact techniques, such as continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar and ultrawideband (UWB) pulsed radar. These radar chips are discussed and their measured performances are summarized and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali
- Department of Electrical EngineeringPolytechnique MontréalMontrealQCH3T IJ4Canada
- Department of MicroelectronicsElectronics Research InstituteCairo12622Egypt
| | - Ali Elsayed
- Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics ProgramUniversity of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science, Technology and InnovationGiza12578Egypt
| | - Arnaldo Mendez
- Department of Electrical EngineeringPolytechnique MontréalMontrealQCH3T IJ4Canada
| | - Yvon Savaria
- Department of Electrical EngineeringPolytechnique MontréalMontrealQCH3T IJ4Canada
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- Department of Electrical EngineeringPolytechnique MontréalMontrealQCH3T IJ4Canada
- School of EngineeringWestlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake UniversityHangzhou310024China
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AlMohimeed I, Ono Y. Ultrasound Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Contractile Parameters Using Flexible and Wearable Single-Element Ultrasonic Sensor. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20133616. [PMID: 32605006 PMCID: PMC7374409 DOI: 10.3390/s20133616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is considered as a near-constant volume system, and the contractions of the muscle are related to the changes in tissue thickness. Assessment of the skeletal muscle contractile parameters such as maximum contraction thickness (Th), contraction time (Tc), contraction velocity (Vc), sustain time (Ts), and half-relaxation (Tr) provides valuable information for various medical applications. This paper presents a single-element wearable ultrasonic sensor (WUS) and a method to measure the skeletal muscle contractile parameters in A-mode ultrasonic data acquisition. The developed WUS was made of double-layer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer films with a simple and low-cost fabrication process. A flexible, lightweight, thin, and small size WUS would provide a secure attachment to the skin surface without affecting the muscle contraction dynamics of interest. The developed WUS was employed to monitor the contractions of gastrocnemius (GC) muscle of a human subject. The GC muscle contractions were evoked by the electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) at varying EMS frequencies from 2 Hz up to 30 Hz. The tissue thickness changes due to the muscle contractions were measured by utilizing a time-of-flight method in the ultrasonic through-transmission mode. The developed WUS demonstrated the capability to monitor the tissue thickness changes during the unfused and fused tetanic contractions. The tetanic progression level was quantitatively assessed using the parameter of the fusion index (FI) obtained. In addition, the contractile parameters (Th, Tc, Vc, Ts, and Tr) were successfully extracted from the measured tissue thickness changes. In addition, the unfused and fused tetanus frequencies were estimated from the obtained FI-EMS frequency curve. The WUS and ultrasonic method proposed in this study could be a valuable tool for inexpensive, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring of the skeletal muscle contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlMohimeed
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuu Ono
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Li Y, He T, Shi L, Wang R, Sun J. Strain Sensor with Both a Wide Sensing Range and High Sensitivity Based on Braided Graphene Belts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17691-17698. [PMID: 32207287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed significant development of flexible strain sensors in a variety of fields. Nevertheless, the challenge of integrating a broad sensing range (>50%) with high sensitivity [gauge factor (GF) value > 100 over the entire sensing strain] in one single flexible strain sensor still exists. Herein, we prepared a flexible strain sensor based on braided graphene belts (BGBs) and dragon skin. Such a BGB strain sensor exhibits an integration of a wide sensing range (up to 55.55%) and high sensitivity (GF value > 175.16 through the entire working range). Besides, this BGB strain sensor also demonstrates a minute monitoring limit (0.01%), low hysteresis and overshoot behaviors, and reliable cycling repeatability (>6000 cycles). The SEM microscopy observations reveal that the skew angle and intersection regions of graphene belts are mainly responsible for the desirable sensing performance. Finally, the successful detection of full-range human motions, from subtle actions to vigorously joint-related movements, reflects great potential of the BGB strain sensor in the application of wearable instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tengyu He
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Liangjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding Xi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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Sæverud HA, Falk RS, Dowrick A, Eriksen M, Aarrestad S, Skjønsberg OH. Measuring diaphragm movement and respiratory frequency using a novel ultrasound device in healthy volunteers. J Ultrasound 2019; 24:15-22. [PMID: 31691921 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-019-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of a novel ultrasound (US) device, DiaMon, to monitor diaphragm movement via its proxy liver movement, and compare it with the respired flow measured with a flowmeter, in awake and healthy volunteers. We wanted to (1) establish the optimal anatomical position for attaching the DiaMon device to the abdominal wall, and (2) evaluate the accuracy of continuous monitoring of respiratory frequency. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were recruited. The DiaMon probe was applied subcostally in four different positions with the subjects in five different postures. The subjects breathed tidal volumes into a spirometer for 30-60 s with the DiaMon recording simultaneously. RESULTS The device detected a readable signal in 83-100% of the position/posture-combinations. The technical correlation between the two signals was highest in the anterior axillary-supine position (mean ± SD: 0.95 ± 0.03), followed by paramidline-supine (0.90 ± 0.09) and midclavicular-supine (0.89 ± 0.12). The frequency measurements yielded a mean difference of 0.03 (95% limits of agreement - 0.11, 0.16) breaths per minute in the anterior axillary-supine position. CONCLUSION The DiaMon device is able to detect liver movement in most subjects, and it measures breathing frequency accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Sigurd Aarrestad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Long Term Mechanical Ventilation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Henning Skjønsberg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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