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Keshyagol K, Hiremath S, H. M. V, Kini U. A, Naik N, Hiremath P. Optimizing Capacitive Pressure Sensor Geometry: A Design of Experiments Approach with a Computer-Generated Model. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3504. [PMID: 38894295 PMCID: PMC11175090 DOI: 10.3390/s24113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and optimization of capacitive pressure sensors (CPSs) for their integration into capacitive touch buttons in electronic applications. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), various geometries of dielectric layers were meticulously modeled and analyzed for their capacitive and sensitivity parameters. The flexible elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as a diaphragm, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a flexible material that acts as a dielectric medium. The Design of Experiment (DoE) techniques, aided by statistical analysis, were employed to identify the optimal geometric shapes of the CPS model. From the prediction using the DoE approach, it is observed that the cylindrical-shaped dielectric medium has better sensitivity. Using this optimal configuration, the CPS was further examined across a range of dielectric layer thicknesses to determine the capacitance, stored electrical energy, displacement, and stress levels at uniform pressures ranging from 0 to 200 kPa. Employing a 0.1 mm dielectric layer thickness yields heightened sensitivity and capacitance values, which is consistent with theoretical efforts. At a pressure of 200 kPa, the sensor achieves a maximum capacitance of 33.3 pF, with a total stored electric energy of 15.9 × 10-12 J and 0.468 pF/Pa of sensitivity for 0.1 dielectric thickness. These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed CPS model for integration into capacitive touch buttons in electronic devices and e-skin applications, thereby offering promising advancements in sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Keshyagol
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (K.K.); (S.H.)
| | - Shivashankarayya Hiremath
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (K.K.); (S.H.)
- Survivability Signal Intelligence Research Center, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishwanatha H. M.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
| | - Achutha Kini U.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
| | - Nithesh Naik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
| | - Pavan Hiremath
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (V.H.M.); (A.K.U.); (N.N.)
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2
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Omar AM, Hassan MH, Daskalakis E, Smith A, Dooghue J, Mirihanage W, Bartolo PJDS. Biomimetic dual sensing polymer nanocomposite for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1322753. [PMID: 38444647 PMCID: PMC10913024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1322753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for sensing materials that can provide multiple sensing capabilities for wearable devices, implantable sensors, and diagnostics tools. As complex human physiology requires materials that can simultaneously detect and respond to slow and fast pressure fluctuations. Mimicking the slow adaptive (SA) and fast adaptive (FA) mechanoreceptors in skin can lead to the development of dual sensing electrospun polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications. These dual sensing nanocomposites can provide simultaneous sensing of both slow and fast pressure fluctuations, making them ideal for applications such as monitoring vital signs, detecting a wider range of movements and pressures. Here we develop a novel dual sensing PVDF-HFP-based nanocomposite that combines the advantages of capacitive and piezoelectric properties through controling electrospinning environment and processing parameters, polymer solution composition, and addition of nucleating agents such as Carbon Black (CB) to enhance the crystalline development of β-phase, fibre thickness, and morphology. The developed PVDF-HFP/CB nanocomposite presents and response to both slow and fast pressure fluctuations with high capacitance (5.37 nF) and output voltage (1.51 V) allowing for accurate and reliable measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla M. Omar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evangelos Daskalakis
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wajira Mirihanage
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo J. D. S. Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Costa CM, Cardoso VF, Martins P, Correia DM, Gonçalves R, Costa P, Correia V, Ribeiro C, Fernandes MM, Martins PM, Lanceros-Méndez S. Smart and Multifunctional Materials Based on Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride): Recent Advances and Opportunities in Sensors, Actuators, Energy, Environmental, and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11392-11487. [PMID: 37729110 PMCID: PMC10571047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
From scientific and technological points of view, poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is one of the most exciting polymers due to its overall physicochemical characteristics. This polymer can crystalize into five crystalline phases and can be processed in the form of films, fibers, membranes, and specific microstructures, being the physical properties controllable over a wide range through appropriate chemical modifications. Moreover, PVDF-based materials are characterized by excellent chemical, mechanical, thermal, and radiation resistance, and for their outstanding electroactive properties, including high dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric response, being the best among polymer systems and thus noteworthy for an increasing number of technologies. This review summarizes and critically discusses the latest advances in PVDF and its copolymers, composites, and blends, including their main characteristics and processability, together with their tailorability and implementation in areas including sensors, actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, environmental membranes, microfluidic, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications. The main conclusions, challenges and future trends concerning materials and application areas are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Renato Gonçalves
- Center of
Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
for Polymers and Composites IPC, University
of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor Correia
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida M. Fernandes
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of
Minho, DEI, Campus de
Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate
Laboratory, Campus de
Gualtar, 4800-058 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Martins
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications
and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU
Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Andonegi M, Correia D, Pereira N, Salado M, Costa CM, Lanceros-Mendez S, de la Caba K, Guerrero P. Sustainable Collagen Blends with Different Ionic Liquids for Resistive Touch Sensing Applications. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:5986-5998. [PMID: 37091126 PMCID: PMC10114605 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the sustainable development goals to reduce environmental impact, sustainable sensors based on natural polymers are a priority as the large im plementation of these materials is required considering the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. In this context, the present work reports on sustainable blends based on collagen and different ionic liquids (ILs), including ([Ch][DHP], [Ch][TSI], [Ch][Seri]) and ([Emim][TFSI]), processed with varying contents and types of ILs in order to tailor the electrical response. Varying IL types and contents leads to different interactions with the collagen polymer matrix and, therefore, to varying mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Collagen/[Ch][Seri] samples display the most pronounced decrease of the tensile strength (3.2 ± 0.4 MPa) and an increase of the elongation at break (50.6 ± 1.5%). The best ionic conductivity value of 0.023 mS cm-1 has been obtained for the sample with 40 wt % of the IL [Ch][Seri]. The functional response of the collagen-IL films has been demonstrated on a resistive touch sensor whose response depends on the ionic conductivity, being suitable for the next generation of sustainable touch sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Andonegi
- BIOMAT
Research Group, University of the Basque
Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela
de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniela Correia
- Center
of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nelson Pereira
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Salado
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Costa
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-053 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics
Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Laboratory
of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT
Research Group, University of the Basque
Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela
de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT
Research Group, University of the Basque
Country (UPV/EHU), Escuela
de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Proteinmat
Materials SL, Avenida
de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Kim T, Choi H, Choi H, Kim JS, Kim DH, Jeong U. Skin-inspired electrochemical tactility and luminescence. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Keum K, Cho SS, Jo JW, Park SK, Kim YH. Mechanically robust textile-based strain and pressure multimodal sensors using metal nanowire/polymer conducting fibers. iScience 2022; 25:104032. [PMID: 35340437 PMCID: PMC8941206 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, multifunctional textile-based sensory systems have attracted a lot of attention because of the growing demand for wearable electronics performing real-time monitoring of various body signals and movements. In particular, textile-based physical sensors often require multimodal sensing capabilities to accurately detect and identify multiple mixed stimuli simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate a textile-based strain/pressure multimodal sensor using high-k poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene ion-gel film and silver nanowire/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-coated conducting fibers. The multimodal sensors exhibited reliable strain and pressure-sensing characteristics for strain ranges up to 25% and pressures up to 50 kPa, respectively, with a relatively high strain gauge factor (up to 2.74) and pressure sensitivity (0.32 kPa−1). More importantly, the textile-based multimodal sensor was able to detect the strain and pressure independently, allowing facile discrimination of strain and pressure. Using this approach, we demonstrated a textile-based multimodal sensor that incorporates one strain sensor and two pressure sensors detecting multiple weights simultaneously. Independent detection of strain and pressure using textile-based multimodal sensors A high-k flexible ion-gel film is utilized for capacitive pressure sensing Mechanically sewn conducting fibers are utilized for resistive strain sensing Multimodal sensor detects multiple objects with different weights
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyobin Keum
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Cho
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Wan Jo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN Cambridge, UK
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
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7
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Luo W, Mei SQ, Liu T, Yang LY, Fan LL. Preparation and tensile conductivity of carbon nanotube/polyurethane nanofiber conductive films based on the centrifugal spinning method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:135708. [PMID: 34933287 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible conductive thin films have recently become a research area of focus in both academia and industry. In this study, a method of preparing nanofiber conductive films by centrifugal spinning is proposed. Polyurethane (PU) nanofiber films were prepared by centrifugal spinning as the flexible substrate film, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as the conducting medium, to obtain CNTs/PU nanofiber conductive films with good conductivity and elasticity. The effects of different CNT concentrations on the properties of the nanofiber films were investigated. It was found that the conductivity of the nanofiber conductive films was optimal when an impregnation concentration of 9% CNTs was used in the stretching process. Cyclic tensile resistance tests showed that the nanofiber conductive films have good durability and repeatability. Physical and structural property analysis of the CNT/PU conductive films indicate that the adsorption of the CNTs on the PU surface was successful and the CNTs were evenly dispersed on the surface of the matrix. Moreover, the CNTs improved the thermal stability of the PU membrane. The CNT/PU conductive films were pasted onto a human finger joint, wrist joint, and Adam's apple to test the detection of movement. The results showed that finger bending, wrist bending, and laryngeal prominence movement all caused a change in resistance of the conductive film, with an approximately linear curve. The results indicate that the CNT/PU nanofiber conductive film developed in this study can be used to test the motion of human joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Qi Mei
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
- Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Liu
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ye Yang
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Fan
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People's Republic of China
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8
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Duan Y, You G, Sun K, Zhu Z, Liao X, Lv L, Tang H, Xu B, He L. Advances in wearable textile-based micro energy storage devices: structuring, application and perspective. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6271-6293. [PMID: 36133490 PMCID: PMC9416975 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous expansion of smart microelectronics has put forward higher requirements for energy conversion, mechanical performance, and biocompatibility of micro-energy storage devices (MESDs). Unique porosity, superior flexibility and comfortable breathability make the textile-based structure a great potential in wearable MESDs. Herein, a timely and comprehensive review of this field is provided according to recent research advances. The following aspects, device construction of textile-based MESDs (TMESDs), fabric processing of textile components and smart functionalization (e.g., mechanical reliability, energy harvesting, sensing, self-charging and self-healing, etc.) are discussed and summarized thoroughly. Also, the perspectives on the microfabrication processes and multiple applications of TMESDs are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Gongchuan You
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Kaien Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Liao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory Chengdu 610095 P. R. China
| | - Liang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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9
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Atanasova D, Staneva D, Grabchev I. Textile Materials Modified with Stimuli-Responsive Drug Carrier for Skin Topical and Transdermal Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040930. [PMID: 33669245 PMCID: PMC7919809 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Textile materials, as a suitable matrix for different active substances facilitating their gradual release, can have an important role in skin topical or transdermal therapy. Characterized by compositional and structural variety, those materials readily meet the requirements for applications in specific therapies. Aromatherapy, antimicrobial substances and painkillers, hormone therapy, psoriasis treatment, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, etc., are some of the areas where textiles can be used as carriers. There are versatile optional methods for loading the biologically active substances onto textile materials. The oldest ones are by exhaustion, spraying, and a pad-dry-cure method. Another widespread method is the microencapsulation. The modification of textile materials with stimuli-responsive polymers is a perspective route to obtaining new textiles of improved multifunctional properties and intelligent response. In recent years, research has focused on new structures such as dendrimers, polymer micelles, liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and hydrogels. Numerous functional groups and the ability to encapsulate different substances define dendrimer molecules as promising carriers for drug delivery. Hydrogels are also high molecular hydrophilic structures that can be used to modify textile material. They absorb a large amount of water or biological fluids and can support the delivery of medicines. These characteristics correspond to one of the current trends in the development of materials used in transdermal therapy, namely production of intelligent materials, i.e., such that allow controlled concentration and time delivery of the active substance and simultaneous visualization of the process, which can only be achieved with appropriate and purposeful modification of the textile material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Atanasova
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Desislava Staneva
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-8163266
| | - Ivo Grabchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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