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Zhang B, Lin X, Zhang X, Yi X, Ma S, Ding Y. Research on jujube storage and preservation system based on Internet of Things (IoT). Sci Rep 2024; 14:19808. [PMID: 39191904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With the surge in Xinjiang jujube production, there has been a concurrent increase in storage losses, posing an ongoing challenge for farmers to preserve the freshness of the jujubes. To tackle this issue, a novel storage and freshness control system for jujubes, integrating Internet of Things technology, has been developed. The control system is centered around a programmable logic controller (PLC) and utilizes an HMI as the interface for human-computer interaction. It is structured with distinct layers, including equipment, transportation, and application layers. By integrating with the Internet of Things cloud platform, data transmission between the device layer and the cloud server is ensured through the use of the TCP/IP protocol over a 4G network. A mobile app enables remote control functionality for monitoring and managing the storage and preservation environment. Experimental results demonstrate the system's stable performance, enabling remote monitoring and convenient operation by management personnel during the jujube storage and preservation process. This contributes to enhancing automation levels in jujube storage, extending its storage cycle while maintaining quality standards, thus providing valuable insights into intelligent fruit and vegetable storage practices in Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alal, 843300, China
- Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Xiaodan Lin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alal, 843300, China.
- Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China.
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Engineering College, Agricultural University of China, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaokang Yi
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alal, 843300, China
- Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alal, 843300, China
- Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alal, 843300, China
- Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, China
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Iitani K, Ichikawa K, Toma K, Arakawa T, Mitsubayashi K. Biofluorometric Gas-Imaging System for Evaluating the Ripening Stages of "La France" Pear Based on Ethanol Vapor Emitted via the Epicarp. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38919035 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Fruits can emit ethanol, which is generated through fermentation during hypoxic storage. We imaged spatiotemporal changes in the gaseous ethanol emitted by "La France" pear via its epicarp. The gas-imaging system utilized enzymes to transduce the ethanol concentration into fluorescence intensity. Initially, the uniformity of the enzyme and coenzyme distribution was evaluated to validate the imaging capability. Subsequently, two surface-fitting methods were compared to accurately image ethanol emitted from three-dimensional (3D) objects with a double-curved surface. The imaging results of ethanol emitted from the pear indicated that the distribution of ethanol was related to lenticels, which have been reported to possess high ethanol diffusivity, on the epicarp. As quantified by the system (uniformity of coenzyme and enzymes was 93.2 and 98.8%, respectively; dynamic range was 0.01-100 ppm), ethanol concentration increased with the storage period under hypoxic conditions (0.4-5.3 ppm, from day 1 to 10). The system enables the observation of the location, quantity, and temporal pattern of ethanol release from fruit, which could be a useful technology for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kenta Ichikawa
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Koji Toma
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arakawa
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kohji Mitsubayashi
- Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Chiu I, Ye H, Aayush K, Yang T. Intelligent food packaging for smart sensing of food safety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 111:215-259. [PMID: 39103214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In this contemporary era, with over 8 billion people worldwide, ensuring food safety has become more critical than ever. To address this concern, the introduction of intelligent packaging marks a significant breakthrough. Essentially, this innovation tackles the challenge of rapid deterioration in perishable foods, which is vital to the well-being of communities and food safety. Unlike traditional methods that primarily emphasize shelf-life extension, intelligent packaging goes further by incorporating advanced sensing technologies to detect signs of spoilage and contamination in real-time, such as changes in temperature, oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, humidity, and the presence of harmful microorganisms. The innovation can rely on various packaging materials like plastics, metals, papers, or biodegradable polymers, combined with sophisticated sensing techniques such as colorimetric sensors, time-temperature indicators, radio-frequency identification tags, electronic noses, or biosensors. Together, these elements form a dynamic and tailored packaging system. This system not only protects food from spoilage but also offers stakeholders immediate and adequate information about food quality. Moreover, the real-world application on seafood, meat, dairy, fruits, and vegetables demonstrates the feasibility of using intelligent packaging to significantly enhance the safety and shelf life of a wide variety of perishable goods. By adopting intelligent packaging for smart sensing solutions, both the food industry and consumers can significantly reduce health risks linked with contamination and reduce unnecessary food waste. This underscores the crucial role of intelligent packaging in modern food safety and distribution systems, showcasing an effective fusion of technology, safety, and sustainability efforts aimed at nourishing a rapidly growing global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Chiu
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoxin Ye
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Krishna Aayush
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tianxi Yang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Olunusi SO, Ramli NH, Fatmawati A, Ismail AF, Okwuwa CC. Revolutionizing tropical fruits preservation: Emerging edible coating technologies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130682. [PMID: 38460636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Tropical fruits, predominantly cultivated in Southeast Asia, are esteemed for their nutritional richness, distinctive taste, aroma, and visual appeal when consumed fresh. However, postharvest challenges have led to substantial global wastage, nearly 50 %. The advent of edible biopolymeric nanoparticles presents a novel solution to preserve the fruits' overall freshness. These nanoparticles, being edible, readily available, biodegradable, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), and non-toxic, are commonly prepared via ionic gelation owing to the method's physical crosslinking, simplicity, and affordability. The resulting biopolymeric nanoparticles, with or without additives, can be employed in basic formulations or as composite blends with other materials. This study aims to review the capabilities of biopolymeric nanoparticles in enhancing the physical and sensory aspects of tropical fruits, inhibiting microbial growth, and prolonging shelf life. Material selection for formulation is crucial, considering coating materials, the fruit's epidermal properties, internal and external factors. A variety of application techniques are covered such as spraying, and layer-by-layer among others, including their advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the study addresses safety measures, legislation, current challenges, and industrial perspectives concerning fruit edible coating films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Olugbenga Olunusi
- Faculty Chemical and Process Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hanuni Ramli
- Faculty Chemical and Process Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Adam Fatmawati
- Faculty Chemical and Process Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fahmi Ismail
- Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Bandar Indera Mahkota Razak, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Chigozie Charity Okwuwa
- Faculty Chemical and Process Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Mavani NR, Mohd Ali J, Hussain M, Abd. Rahman N, Hashim H. Determining food safety in canned food using fuzzy logic based on sulphur dioxide, benzoic acid and sorbic acid concentration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26273. [PMID: 38384537 PMCID: PMC10879013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Canned food market demand has arisen due to the higher need for instant and ready-to-eat food. Food preservatives are often added to canned and processed foods to prolong their shelf life and help to sustain the quality, taste, color, and food texture. However, excessive usage of such food preservatives can lead to various diseases and health issues including palpitations, allergies, and cancer. Therefore, food preservative detection in food samples is essential for safe consumption and health well-being. This paper proposed a fuzzy logic framework to determine the safety of food products based on the concentration of sulphur dioxide (SD), benzoic acid (BA), and sorbic acid (SA) in five different food categories as referred to the Food Acts 1983 and Food Regulations 1985 in Malaysia. The fuzzy logic framework comprises of Mamdani inference system design with 90 fuzzy rules, 15 and 5 membership functions for both the input and output parameters respectively. 50 random values and 10 lab analysis results based on the industrial samples were used to validate the developed algorithms in ensuring the safety of the food products. The membership functions generated for the three inputs (SD, BA, and SA) during the fuzzification steps are based on the maximum allowable limit from the food acts. The defuzzification of fuzzy logic gave an average output value of 0.1565, 0.1350, 0.1150, 0.1100, and 0.1550 for chicken curry with potatoes, satay sauce, sardine in tomato sauce, anchovies paste, and sardine spread accordingly. Results obtained from the fuzzy logic framework concluded that all the industrial samples are safe to be eaten and comply with the Sixth Schedule, Regulation 20 in both Acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rajesh Mavani
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jarinah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M.A. Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Abd. Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haslaniza Hashim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Puebla-Duarte AL, Santos-Sauceda I, Rodríguez-Félix F, Iturralde-García RD, Fernández-Quiroz D, Pérez-Cabral ID, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL. Active and Intelligent Packaging: A Review of the Possible Application of Cyclodextrins in Food Storage and Safety Indicators. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4317. [PMID: 37959997 PMCID: PMC10648989 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural cyclodextrins (CDs) can be formed by 6, 7, or 8 glucose molecules (α-, β-, and γ-, respectively) linked in a ring, creating a cone shape. Its interior has an affinity for hydrophobic molecules, while the exterior is hydrophilic and can interact with water molecules. This feature has been used to develop active packaging applied to food, interacting with the product or its environment to improve one or more aspects of its quality or safety. It also provides monitoring information when food is optimal for consumption, as intelligent packaging is essential for the consumer and the merchant. Therefore, this review will focus on discerning which packaging is most appropriate for each situation, solubility and toxicological considerations, characterization techniques, effect on the guest properties, and other aspects related to forming the inclusion complex with bioactive molecules applied to packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Leobardo Puebla-Duarte
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Irela Santos-Sauceda
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Rey David Iturralde-García
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Daniel Fernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Ingrid Daniela Pérez-Cabral
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
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Santoso VR, Pramitasari R, Anugrah DSB. Development of Indicator Film Based on Cassava Starch-Chitosan Incorporated with Red Dragon Fruit Peel Anthocyanins-Gambier Catechins to Detect Banana Ripeness. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3609. [PMID: 37688235 PMCID: PMC10489926 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana ripeness is generally determined based on physical attributes, such as skin color; however, it is considered subjective because it depends on individual factors and lighting conditions. In addition, improper handling can cause mechanical damage to the fruit. Intelligent packaging in the form of indicator film incorporated with anthocyanins from red dragon fruit peel has been applied for shrimp freshness detection; however, this film has low color stability during storage, necessitating the addition of gambier catechins as a co-pigment to increase anthocyanin stability. Nevertheless, the characteristics of films that contain gambier catechins and their applications to bananas have not been studied yet; therefore, this study aims to develop and characterize indicator films that were incorporated with red dragon fruit peel anthocyanins and gambier catechins to detect banana ripeness. In this study, the indicator films were made via solvent casting. The films were characterized for their structural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties, and then applied to banana packaging. The results show that the film incorporated with anthocyanins and catechins in a ratio of 1:40 (w/w) resulted in better color stability, mechanical properties, light and water vapor barrier ability, and antioxidant activity. The application of the indicator films to banana packaging resulted in a change in color on the third day of storage. It can be concluded that these films could potentially be used as an indicator to monitor banana ripeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentia Rossely Santoso
- Food Technology Study Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia;
| | - Rianita Pramitasari
- Food Technology Study Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia;
| | - Daru Seto Bagus Anugrah
- Biotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, BSD Campus, Tangerang 15345, Indonesia;
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Ansah FA, Amo-Boateng M, Siabi EK, Bordoh PK. Location of seed spoilage in mango fruit using X-ray imaging and convolutional neural networks. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Mohd Hatta FA, Mat Ali QA, Mohd Kashim MIA, Othman R, Abd Mutalib S, Mohd Nor NH. Recent Advances in Halal Bioactive Materials for Intelligent Food Packaging Indicator. Foods 2023; 12:2387. [PMID: 37372598 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and security are top priorities for consumers and the food industry alike. Despite strict standards and criteria for food production processes, the potential for food-borne diseases due to improper handling and processing is always present. This has led to an urgent need for solutions that can ensure the safety of packaged foods. Therefore, this paper reviews intelligent packaging, which employs non-toxic and environmentally friendly packaging with superior bioactive materials that has emerged as a promising solution. This review was prepared based on several online libraries and databases from 2008 to 2022. By incorporating halal bioactive materials into the packaging system, it becomes possible to interact with the contents and surrounding environment of halal food products, helping preserve them for longer periods. One particularly promising avenue of research is the use of natural colourants as halal bioactive materials. These colourants possess excellent chemical, thermal, and physical stabilities, along with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making them ideal candidates for use in intelligent indicators that can detect food blemishes and prevent pathogenic spoilage. However, despite the potential of this technology, further research and development are needed to promote commercial applications and market development. With continued efforts to explore the full potential of natural colourants as halal bioactive materials, we can meet the increasing demand for food safety and security, helping to ensure that consumers have access to high-quality, safe, and nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qurratu Aini Mat Ali
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre of Shariah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidi Othman
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sahilah Abd Mutalib
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hafizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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He X, Pu Y, Chen L, Jiang H, Xu Y, Cao J, Jiang W. A comprehensive review of intelligent packaging for fruits and vegetables: Target responders, classification, applications, and future challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:842-881. [PMID: 36588319 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-harvest fruits and vegetables are extremely susceptible to dramatic and accelerated quality deterioration deriving from their metabolism and adverse environmental influences. Given their vigorous physiological metabolism, monitoring means are lacking due to the extent that unnecessary waste and damage are caused. Numerous intelligent packaging studies have been hitherto carried out to investigate their potential for fruit and vegetable quality monitoring. This state-of-the-art overview begins with recent advances in target metabolites for intelligent packaging of fruits and vegetables. Subsequently, the mechanisms of action between metabolites and packaging materials are presented. In particular, the exact categorization and function of intelligent packaging of fruits and vegetables, are all extensively and comprehensively described. In addition, for the sake of further research in this field, the obstacles that impede the scaling up and commercialization of intelligent packaging for fruits and vegetables are also explored, to present valuable references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Pu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Abedi-Firoozjah R, Salim SA, Hasanvand S, Assadpour E, Azizi-Lalabadi M, Prieto MA, Jafari SM. Application of smart packaging for seafood: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1438-1461. [PMID: 36717376 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the changes in lifestyle and great interest of consumers in a healthy life, people have started increasing their seafood consumption. But due to their short shelf life, experts are looking for a new packaging called smart packaging (SMP) for seafood. There are different indicators/sensors in SMP; one of the effective indices is time-temperature, which can show consumers the best time of using seafood based on their shelf life and experienced temperature. Another one is radio-frequency identification (RFID) that is a transmission device that represents a separate form of the electronic information-based SMP systems. RFID does not belong to any of the categories of markers or sensors; it is an auto recognition system that applies cordless sensors to indicate segments and collect real-time information without manual interposition. This review covers the use of SMP in all marine foods, including fish, due to its high consumption and high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), which are the considerable factors of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abedi-Firoozjah
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shamimeh Azimi Salim
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sara Hasanvand
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran
- Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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12
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Multifunctional Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites with MoS2 for food packaging applications. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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13
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Fernandez CM, Alves J, Gaspar PD, Lima TM, Silva PD. Innovative processes in smart packaging. A systematic review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:986-1003. [PMID: 35279845 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Smart packaging provides one possible solution that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In comparison with traditional packaging, which aims to extend the product's useful life and to facilitate transport and marketing, smart packaging allows increased efficiency, for example by ensuring authenticity and traceability from the product's origin, preventing fraud and theft, and improving security. Consequently, it may help to reduce pollution, food losses, and waste associated with the food supply chain. However, some questions must be answered to fully understand the advantages and limitations of its use. What are the most suitable smart packaging technologies for use in agro-industrial subsectors such as meat, dairy, fruits, and vegetables, bakery, and pastry? What are the opportunities from a perspective of life extension, process optimization, traceability, product quality, and safety? What are the future challenges? An up-to-date, systematic review was conducted of literature relevant to the application of indicator technologies, sensors, and data carriers in smart packaging, to answer these questions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Fernandez
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joel Alves
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Dinis Gaspar
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
- C-MAST - Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia M Lima
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
- C-MAST - Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro D Silva
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
- C-MAST - Center for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, Rua Marquês de D'Ávila e Bolama, Covilhã, Portugal
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14
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Microfluidics in smart packaging of foods. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Baran C, Sharma S, Tripathi A, Awasthi A, Jaiswal A, Tandon P, Singh R, Uttam KN. Non-Destructive Monitoring of Ripening Process of the Underutilized Fruit Kadam Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Confocal Micro Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2137523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Baran
- Centre for Environmental Science, IIDS, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Sweta Sharma
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, India
| | - Aradhana Tripathi
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Aishwary Awasthi
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Aarti Jaiswal
- Centre for Material Sciences, IIDS, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | | | - Renu Singh
- School of Humanities and Sciences, Malla Reddy University, Hyderabad, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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16
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Mukhiddinov M, Muminov A, Cho J. Improved Classification Approach for Fruits and Vegetables Freshness Based on Deep Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8192. [PMID: 36365888 PMCID: PMC9653939 DOI: 10.3390/s22218192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Classification of fruit and vegetable freshness plays an essential role in the food industry. Freshness is a fundamental measure of fruit and vegetable quality that directly affects the physical health and purchasing motivation of consumers. In addition, it is a significant determinant of market price; thus, it is imperative to study the freshness of fruits and vegetables. Owing to similarities in color, texture, and external environmental changes, such as shadows, lighting, and complex backgrounds, the automatic recognition and classification of fruits and vegetables using machine vision is challenging. This study presents a deep-learning system for multiclass fruit and vegetable categorization based on an improved YOLOv4 model that first recognizes the object type in an image before classifying it into one of two categories: fresh or rotten. The proposed system involves the development of an optimized YOLOv4 model, creating an image dataset of fruits and vegetables, data argumentation, and performance evaluation. Furthermore, the backbone of the proposed model was enhanced using the Mish activation function for more precise and rapid detection. Compared with the previous YOLO series, a complete experimental evaluation of the proposed method can obtain a higher average precision than the original YOLOv4 and YOLOv3 with 50.4%, 49.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. The proposed system has outstanding prospects for the construction of an autonomous and real-time fruit and vegetable classification system for the food industry and marketplaces and can also help visually impaired people to choose fresh food and avoid food poisoning.
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17
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Lamberty A, Kreyenschmidt J. Ambient Parameter Monitoring in Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Supply Chains Using Internet of Things-Enabled Sensor and Communication Technology. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121777. [PMID: 35741974 PMCID: PMC9222862 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to half of the global fruit and vegetable production is wasted or lost along the supply chain, causing wastage of resources and economic losses. Ambient parameters strongly influence quality and shelf life of fresh fruit and vegetables. Monitoring these parameters by using Internet of things (IoT)-enabled sensor and communication technology in supply chains can help to optimize product qualities and hence reduce product rejections and losses. Various corresponding technical solutions are available, but the diverse characteristics of fresh plant-based produce impede establishing valuable applications. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview of IoT-enabled sensor and communication technology in relation to the specific quality and spoilage characteristics of fresh fruit and vegetables. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), O2, CO2 and vibration/shock are ambient parameters that provide most added value regarding product quality optimization, and can be monitored by current IoT-enabled sensor technology. Several wireless communication technologies are available for real-time data exchange and subsequent data processing and usage. Although many studies investigate the general possibility of monitoring systems using IoT-enabled technology, large-scale implementation in fresh fruit and vegetable supply chains is still hindered by unsolved challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lamberty
- Department of Fresh Produce Logistics, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
- Projects and Innovation Department, Euro Pool System International (Deutschland) GmbH, 53332 Bornheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Judith Kreyenschmidt
- Department of Fresh Produce Logistics, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
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18
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Abstract
Packaging is an integral part of the food industry associated with food quality and safety including food shelf life, and communications from the marketing perspective. Traditional food packaging provides the protection of food from damage and storage of food products until being consumed. Packaging also presents branding and nutritional information and promotes marketing. Over the past decades, plastic films were employed as a barrier to keep food stuffs safe from heat, moisture, microorganisms, dust, and dirt particles. Recent advancements have incorporated additional functionalities in barrier films to enhance the shelf life of food, such as active packaging and intelligent packaging. In addition, consumer perception has influences on packaging materials and designs. The current trend of consumers pursuing environmental-friendly packaging is increased. With the progress of applied technologies in the food sector, sustainable packaging has been emerging in response to consumer preferences and environmental obligations. This paper reviews the importance of food packaging in relation to food quality and safety; the development and applications of advanced smart, active, and intelligent packaging systems, and the properties of an oxygen barrier. The advantages and disadvantages of these packaging are discussed. Consumer perceptions regarding environmental-friendly packaging that could be applied in the food industry are also discussed.
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19
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Luo X, Zaitoon A, Lim LT. A review on colorimetric indicators for monitoring product freshness in intelligent food packaging: Indicator dyes, preparation methods, and applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2489-2519. [PMID: 35365965 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent food packaging system exhibits enhanced communication function by providing dynamic product information to various stakeholders (e.g., consumers, retailers, distributors) in the supply chain. One example of intelligent packaging involves the use of colorimetric indicators, which when subjected to external stimuli (e.g., moisture, gas/vapor, electromagnetic radiation, temperature), display discernable color changes that can be correlated with real-time changes in product quality. This type of interactive packaging system allows continuous monitoring of product freshness during transportation, distribution, storage, and marketing phases. This review summarizes the colorimetric indicator technologies for intelligent packaging systems, emphasizing on the types of indicator dyes, preparation methods, applications in different food products, and future considerations. Both food and nonfood indicator materials integrated into various carriers (e.g., paper-based substrates, polymer films, electrospun fibers, and nanoparticles) with material properties optimized for specific applications are discussed, targeting perishable products, such as fresh meat and fishery products. Colorimetric indicators can supplement the traditional "Best Before" date label by providing real-time product quality information to the consumers and retailers, thereby not only ensuring product safety, but also promising in reducing food waste. Successful scale-up of these intelligent packaging technologies to the industrial level must consider issues related to regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and product compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Amr Zaitoon
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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20
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Abstract
The food packaging sector generates large volumes of plastic waste due to the high demand for packaged products with a short shelf-life. Biopolymers such as starch-based materials are a promising alternative to non-renewable resins, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly food packaging alternative for single-use products. This article provides a chronology of the development of starch-based materials for food packaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the challenges faced in processing these materials using conventional processing techniques for thermoplastics and other emerging techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. The improvement of the performance of starch-based materials by blending with other biopolymers, use of micro- and nano-sized reinforcements, and chemical modification of starch is discussed. Finally, an overview of recent developments of these materials in smart food packaging is given.
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21
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Siddiqui J, Jamal Deen M. Biodegradable asparagine–graphene oxide free chlorine sensors fabricated using solution-based processing. Analyst 2022; 147:3643-3651. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A free chlorine-sensing biodegradable ink was made by functionalizing asparagine onto graphene oxide then deposited on an electrode. The sensor showed a sensitivity of 0.30 μA ppm−1, selectivity amid interfering ions, and low temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Siddiqui
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - M. Jamal Deen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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22
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DWI ANGGONO A, REBEZOV M, MIRONOV S, THANGAVELU L, ARAVINDHAN S, ALJEBOREE AM, AL-JANABI S, ABD ALRAZZAK N, ALKAIM AF, KAMAL ABDELBASSET W. Fruit preservation packaging technology based on air adjustment packaging method. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.29221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey MIRONOV
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia
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23
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Mavani NR, Ali JM, Othman S, Hussain MA, Hashim H, Rahman NA. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Food Industry—a Guideline. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8350558 DOI: 10.1007/s12393-021-09290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has embodied the recent technology in the food industry over the past few decades due to the rising of food demands in line with the increasing of the world population. The capability of the said intelligent systems in various tasks such as food quality determination, control tools, classification of food, and prediction purposes has intensified their demand in the food industry. Therefore, this paper reviews those diverse applications in comparing their advantages, limitations, and formulations as a guideline for selecting the most appropriate methods in enhancing future AI- and food industry–related developments. Furthermore, the integration of this system with other devices such as electronic nose, electronic tongue, computer vision system, and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is also emphasized, all of which will benefit both the industry players and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rajesh Mavani
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jarinah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. A. Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haslaniza Hashim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
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24
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Chen YJ, Liou YC, Ho WH, Tsai JT, Liu CC, Hwang KS. Non-destructive acoustic screening of pineapple ripeness by unsupervised machine learning and Wavelet Kernel methods. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504221110856. [PMID: 35818893 PMCID: PMC10496471 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In a pineapple exporting factory, manual lines are usually built to screen fruits of non-ripen hitting sounds from millions of undecided fruits for long-haul transportation. However, human workers cannot concentratedly listen and make consistent judgments over long hours. Pineapple screening becomes arbitrary after approximately an hour. We developed a non-destructive screening device aside from the conveyor sorter to classify pineapples automatically. The device makes intelligent judgments by tapping a sound source to the skin of pineapples and analyzing the penetrated sounds by wavelet kernel decomposition and unsupervised machine learning (ML). The sound tapping relies on the well-touch of the skin. We also design several acoustic couplers to adapt the vibrator to the skin and pick high-quality penetrated sounds. A Taguchi experiment design was used to determine the most suitable coupler. We found that our unsupervised ML method achieves 98.56% accuracy and 0.93 F1-score by using a specially designed thorn-board for assisting tapping sound to fruit skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenming J. Chen
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science
and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Cheng Liou
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Ho
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science
and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Tsong Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science, National Pingtung University,
Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chuan Liu
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science
and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Shing Hwang
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen
University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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25
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Bio-Based Sensors for Smart Food Packaging-Current Applications and Future Trends. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062148. [PMID: 33803914 PMCID: PMC8003241 DOI: 10.3390/s21062148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent food packaging is emerging as a novel technology, capable of monitoring the quality and safety of food during its shelf-life time. This technology makes use of indicators and sensors that are applied in the packaging and that detect changes in physiological variations of the foodstuffs (due to microbial and chemical degradation). These indicators usually provide information, e.g., on the degree of freshness of the product packed, through a color change, which is easily identified, either by the food distributor and the consumer. However, most of the indicators that are currently used are non-renewable and non-biodegradable synthetic materials. Because there is an imperative need to improve food packaging sustainability, choice of sensors should also reflect this requirement. Therefore, this work aims to revise the latest information on bio-based sensors, based on compounds obtained from natural extracts, that can, in association with biopolymers, act as intelligent or smart food packaging. Its application into several perishable foods is summarized. It is clear that bioactive extracts, e.g., anthocyanins, obtained from a variety of sources, including by-products of the food industry, present a substantial potential to act as bio-sensors. Yet, there are still some limitations that need to be surpassed before this technology reaches a mature commercial stage.
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