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Deyaert S, Poppe J, Dai Vu L, Baudot A, Bubeck S, Bayne T, Krishnan K, Giusto M, Moltz S, Van den Abbeele P. Functional Muffins Exert Bifidogenic Effects along with Highly Product-Specific Effects on the Human Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo. Metabolites 2024; 14:497. [PMID: 39330504 PMCID: PMC11433953 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
GoodBiome™ Foods are functional foods containing a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis HU58™) and prebiotics (mainly inulin). Their effects on the human gut microbiota were assessed using ex vivo SIFR® technology, which has been validated to provide clinically predictive insights. GoodBiome™ Foods (BBM/LCM/OSM) were subjected to oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion/absorption, after which their impact on the gut microbiome of four adults was assessed (n = 3). All GoodBiome™ Foods boosted health-related SCFA acetate (+13.1/14.1/13.8 mM for BBM/LCM/OSM), propionate (particularly OSM; +7.4/7.5/8.9 mM for BBM/LCM/OSM) and butyrate (particularly BBM; +2.6/2.1/1.4 mM for BBM/LCM/OSM). This is related to the increase in Bifidobacterium species (B. catenulatum, B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum), Coprococcus catus and Bacteroidetes members (Bacteroides caccae, Phocaeicola dorei, P. massiliensis), likely mediated via inulin. Further, the potent propionogenic potential of OSM related to increased Bacteroidetes members known to ferment oats (s key ingredient of OSM), while the butyrogenic potential of BBM related to a specific increase in Anaerobutyricum hallii, a butyrate producer specialized in the fermentation of erythritol (key ingredient of BBM). In addition, OSM/BBM suppressed the pathogen Clostridioides difficile, potentially due to inclusion of HU58™ in GoodBiome™ Foods. Finally, all products enhanced a spectrum of metabolites well beyond SCFA, including vitamins (B3/B6), essential amino acids, and health-related metabolites such as indole-3-propionic acid. Overall, the addition of specific ingredients to complex foods was shown to specifically modulate the gut microbiome, potentially contributing to health benefits. Noticeably, our findings contradict a recent in vitro study, underscoring the critical role of employing a physiologically relevant digestion/absorption procedure for a more accurate evaluation of the microbiome-modulating potential of complex foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Jonas Poppe
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Bubeck
- Bubeck Scientific Communications, 194 Rainbow Drive #9418, Livingston, TX 77399, USA
| | - Thomas Bayne
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Kiran Krishnan
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Morgan Giusto
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Samuel Moltz
- Novonesis, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Malik M, Tanzman JV, Dash SK, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. An In Vitro Small Intestine Model Incorporating a Food Matrix and Bacterial Mock Community for Intestinal Function Testing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1419. [PMID: 37374921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumed food travels through the gastrointestinal tract to reach the small intestine, where it interacts with the microbiota, forming a complex relationship with the dietary components. Here we present a complex in vitro cell culture model of the small intestine that includes human cells, digestion, a simulated meal, and a microbiota represented by a bacterial community consisting of E. coli, L. rhamnosus, S. salivarius, B. bifidum, and E. faecalis. This model was used to determine the effects of food-grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), a common food additive, on epithelial permeability, intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, and nutrient transport across the epithelium. Physiologically relevant concentrations of TiO2 had no effect on intestinal permeability but caused an increase in triglyceride transport as part of the food model, which was reversed in the presence of bacteria. Individual bacterial species had no effect on glucose transport, but the bacterial community increased glucose transport, suggesting a change in bacterial behavior when in a community. Bacterial entrapment within the mucus layer was reduced with TiO2 exposure, which may be due to decreased mucus layer thickness. The combination of human cells, a synthetic meal, and a bacterial mock community provides an opportunity to understand the implications of nutritional changes on small intestinal function, including the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Jacob V Tanzman
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Jing Y, Mu C, Wang H, Shen J, Zoetendal EG, Zhu W. Amino acid utilization allows intestinal dominance of Lactobacillus amylovorus. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2491-2502. [PMID: 35896730 PMCID: PMC9561148 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors heterogeneous distribution of microbes among which specific taxa (e.g. Lactobacillus) dominate across mammals. Deterministic factors such as nutrient availability and utilization may affect microbial distributions. Due to physiological complexity, mechanisms linking nutrient utilization and the dominance of key taxa remain unclear. Lactobacillus amylovorus is a predominant species in the small intestine of pigs. Employing a pig model, we found that the small intestine was dominated by Lactobacillus and particularly L. amylovorus, and enriched with peptide-bound amino acids (PBAAs), all of which were further boosted after a peptide-rich diet. To investigate the bacterial growth dominance mechanism, a representative strain L. amylovorus S1 was isolated from the small intestine and anaerobically cultured in media with free amino acids or peptides as sole nitrogen sources. L. amylovorus S1 grew preferentially with peptide-rich rather than amino acid-rich substrates, as reflected by enhanced growth and PBAA utilization, and peptide transporter upregulations. Utilization of free amino acids (e.g. methionine, valine, lysine) and expressions of transporters and metabolic enzymes were enhanced simultaneously in peptide-rich substrate. Additionally, lactate was elevated in peptide-rich substrates while acetate in amino acid-rich substrates, indicating distinct metabolic patterns depending on substrate forms. These results suggest that an increased capability of utilizing PBAAs contributes to the dominance of L. amylovorus, indicating amino acid utilization as a deterministic factor affecting intestinal microbial distribution. These findings may provide new insights into the microbe-gut nutrition interplay and guidelines for dietary manipulations toward gut health especially small intestine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Jing
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huisong Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhua Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Dhyani R, Jain S, Bhatt A, Kumar P, Navani NK. Genetic regulatory element based whole-cell biosensors for the detection of metabolic disorders. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 199:113869. [PMID: 34915213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians require simple, and cost-effective diagnostic tools for the quantitative determination of amino acids in physiological fluids for the detection of metabolic disorder diseases. Besides, amino acids also act as biological markers for different types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we applied an in-silico based approach to identify potential amino acid-responsive genetic regulatory elements for the detection of metabolic disorders in humans. Identified sequences were further transcriptionally fused with GFP, thus generating an optical readout in response to their cognate targets. Screening of genetic regulatory elements led us to discover two promoter elements (pmetE::GFP and ptrpL::GFP) that showed a significant change in the fluorescence response to homocysteine and tryptophan, respectively. The developed biosensors respond specifically and sensitively with a limit of detection of 3.8 μM and 3 μM for homocysteine and tryptophan, respectively. Furthermore, the clinical utility of this assay was demonstrated by employing it to identify homocystinuria and tryptophanuria diseases through the quantification of homocysteine and tryptophan in plasma and urine samples within 5 h. The precision and accuracy of the biosensors for disease diagnosis were well within an acceptable range. The general strategy used in this system can be expanded to screen different genetic regulatory elements present in other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria for the detection of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Dhyani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shubham Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Ankita Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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5
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Munir T, Mahmood A, Shafiq F, Fakhar-e-Alam M, Atif M, Raza A, Ahmad S, Saleem Alimgeer K, Abbas N. Experimental and theoretical analyses of nano-silver for antibacterial activity based on differential crystal growth temperatures. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7561-7566. [PMID: 34867060 PMCID: PMC8626323 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials can be achieved through various physical and chemical processes, which ultimately affect subsequent properties. In this study, the antibacterial potential of nano-silver was investigated at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/L, and its differential temperature synthesis was achieved at 20, 50, and 70 °C using the solvent evaporation method. Nano-silver particles exhibited FCC (octahedral) crystalline structure with crystallite sizes ranging between 28 and 39 nm calculated using XRD analysis. Moreover, irregular and non-uniform surface morphology was evident from SEM micrographs. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of nano-silver exhibited wave maxima at 433 nm, while the FTIR analysis depicted different modes of vibration indicating the CH, OH, C≡C, C-Cl, and CH2 functional groups attached to the surface. Lastly, nano-silver caused prominent inhibition (12.5 mm) in the Escherichia coli growth, particularly at 70 °C synthesis temperature and 3.0 g/L dose. It is concluded that both the nano-silver crystal growth temperature and dose contributed substantially to bacterial growth inhibition linked with subsequent size, shape-dependent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Munir
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Mahmood
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Saleem Alimgeer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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6
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Enhanced metabolic bioavailability of tetrahydrocurcumin after oral supplementation of a γ-cyclodextrin curcumin complex. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Malik M, Subedi S, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. Bacteria Remediate the Effects of Food Additives on Intestinal Function in an in vitro Model of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Nutr 2020; 7:131. [PMID: 32903413 PMCID: PMC7434930 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the site of nutrient absorption, the small intestine is continuously exposed to preservatives and additives present in consumed food. While the effects of diet on the lower gastrointestinal tract are widely studied, the effects of food additives on the small intestinal epithelium and microbiota are less clearly understood. The goal of this work was to develop and establish a physiologically relevant model of the upper gastrointestinal tract to study the complex interactions between food additives, individual bacterial species, and intestinal function. To achieve this, an in vitro model incorporating simulated digestion, human intestinal epithelial cells, and the commensal, Gram-positive Lactobacillus rhamnosus, or the opportunistic, Gram-negative Escherichia coli was developed. This model was used to assess intestinal permeability and alkaline phosphatase activity following exposure to high glucose (HG), salt, emulsifier (TWEEN 20), food (milk chocolate candies) or chemical grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP), and food (whole wheat bread) or chemical grade gluten. It was found that HG increased intestinal permeability, the presence of bacteria remediated the negative effects of HG on intestinal permeability, and a decrease in permeability and IAP activity was observed with increasing concentration of TWEEN 20 both in the presence and absence of bacteria. While L. rhamnosus influenced the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and tight junction protein distribution, E. coli produced indole to reinstate intestinal permeability. The source of TiO2 and gluten led to altered impacts on permeability and IAP activity. The growth of E. coli and L. rhamnosus was found to depend on the type of food additive used. Overall, the presence of bacteria in the in vitro model influenced the effects of food additives on intestinal function, suggesting a complex association between diet and upper GI microbiota. This model provides a method to study small intestinal function and host-microbe interactions in vitro in both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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8
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Saleski TE, Kerner AR, Chung MT, Jackman CM, Khasbaatar A, Kurabayashi K, Lin XN. Syntrophic co-culture amplification of production phenotype for high-throughput screening of microbial strain libraries. Metab Eng 2019; 54:232-243. [PMID: 31034921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbes can be engineered to synthesize a wide array of bioproducts, yet production phenotype evaluation remains a frequent bottleneck in the design-build-test cycle where strain development requires iterative rounds of library construction and testing. Here, we present Syntrophic Co-culture Amplification of Production phenotype (SnoCAP). Through a metabolic cross-feeding circuit, the production level of a target molecule is translated into highly distinguishable co-culture growth characteristics, which amplifies differences in production into highly distinguishable growth phenotypes. We demonstrate SnoCAP with the screening of Escherichia coli strains for production of two target molecules: 2-ketoisovalerate, a precursor of the drop-in biofuel isobutanol, and L-tryptophan. The dynamic range of the screening can be tuned by employing an inhibitory analog of the target molecule. Screening based on this framework requires compartmentalization of individual producers with the sensor strain. We explore three formats of implementation with increasing throughput capability: confinement in microtiter plates (102-104 assays/experiment), spatial separation on agar plates (104-105 assays/experiment), and encapsulation in microdroplets (105-107 assays/experiment). Using SnoCAP, we identified an efficient isobutanol production strain from a random mutagenesis library, reaching a final titer that is 5-fold higher than that of the parent strain. The framework can also be extended to screening for secondary metabolite production using a push-pull strategy. We expect that SnoCAP can be readily adapted to the screening of various microbial species, to improve production of a wide range of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana E Saleski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alissa R Kerner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meng Ting Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Corine M Jackman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Azzaya Khasbaatar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Nina Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Luján-Rhenals D, Morawicki R, Shi Z, Ricke SC. Quantification of nitrogen in the liquid fraction and in vitro assessment of lysine bioavailability in the solid fraction of soybean meal hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:12-17. [PMID: 29035636 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1369326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is a product generated from the manufacture of soybean oil and has the potential for use as a source of fermentable sugars for ethanol production or as a protein source for animal feeds. Knowing the levels of nitrogen available from ammonium is a necessary element of the ethanolic fermentation process while identifying the levels of essential amino acids such as lysine is important in determining usage as a feed source. As such the purpose of this study was to quantify total nitrogen and ammonium in the liquid fraction of hydrolyzed SBM and to evaluate total and bioavailable lysine in the solid fraction of the hydrolyzed SBM. The effects of acid concentration, cellulase and β-glucosidase on total and ammonium nitrogen were studied with analysis indicating that higher acid concentrations increased nitrogen compounds with ammonium concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 1.24 g L-1 while enzymatic treatments did not significantly increase nitrogen levels. Total and bioavailable lysine was quantified by use of an auxotrophic gfpmut3 E.coli whole-cell bioassay organism incapable of lysine biosynthesis. Acid and enzymatic treatments were applied with lysine bioavailability increasing from a base of 82% for untreated SBM to up to 97%. Our results demonstrated that SBM has the potential to serve in ethanolic fermentation and as an optimal source essential amino acid lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luján-Rhenals
- a Food Science Department , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
- b Programa de Ingeniería de Alimentos , Universidad de Córdoba , Montería , Colombia , USA
| | - R Morawicki
- a Food Science Department , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Z Shi
- a Food Science Department , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
- c Center for Food Safety , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - S C Ricke
- a Food Science Department , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
- c Center for Food Safety , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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10
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Translation-dependent bioassay for amino acid quantification using auxotrophic microbes as biocatalysts of protein synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2523-2531. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Bulut D, Gröger H, Hummel W. Development of a growth-dependent selection system for identification of l-threonine aldolases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5875-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Ricke SC. Anaerobic Microbiology Laboratory Training and Writing Comprehension for Food Safety Education. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800245-2.00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Babakhanian A, Momeneh T, Aberoomand-azar P, Kaki S, Torki M, Hossein Kiaie S, Sadeghi E, Dabirian F. A fabricated electro-spun sensor based on Lake Red C pigments doped into PAN (polyacrylonitrile) nano-fibers for electrochemical detection of Aflatoxin B1 in poultry feed and serum samples. Analyst 2015; 140:7761-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to fabricate a novel nano-fiber modified electrode, involving Lake Red C (LRC) pigments doped into electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibrous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Babakhanian
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Kermanshah Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Kermanshah
| | - Tahereh Momeneh
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Kermanshah Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Kermanshah
| | | | - Samineh Kaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mehran Torki
- Department of Animal Science
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Razi University
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Kermanshah Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Kermanshah
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Farzad Dabirian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Engineering Faculty
- Razi University
- Kermanshah
- Iran
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15
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Sharma H, Agarwal M, Goswami M, Sharma A, Roy SK, Rai R, Murugan M. Biosensors: tool for food borne pathogen detection. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.968-973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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16
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Bertels F, Merker H, Kost C. Design and characterization of auxotrophy-based amino acid biosensors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41349. [PMID: 22829942 PMCID: PMC3400592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and inexpensive methods are required for the high-throughput quantification of amino acids in physiological fluids or microbial cell cultures. Here we develop an array of Escherichia coli biosensors to sensitively quantify eleven different amino acids. By using online databases, genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis were identified that - upon deletion - should render the corresponding mutant auxotrophic for one particular amino acid. This rational design strategy suggested genes involved in the biosynthesis of arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, and tyrosine as potential genetic targets. A detailed phenotypic characterization of the corresponding single-gene deletion mutants indeed confirmed that these strains could neither grow on a minimal medium lacking amino acids nor transform any other proteinogenic amino acid into the focal one. Site-specific integration of the egfp gene into the chromosome of each biosensor decreased the detection limit of the GFP-labeled cells by 30% relative to turbidometric measurements. Finally, using the biosensors to determine the amino acid concentration in the supernatants of two amino acid overproducing E. coli strains (i.e. ΔhisL and ΔtdcC) both turbidometrically and via GFP fluorescence emission and comparing the results to conventional HPLC measurements confirmed the utility of the developed biosensor system. Taken together, our study provides not only a genotypically and phenotypically well-characterized set of publicly available amino acid biosensors, but also demonstrates the feasibility of the rational design strategy used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bertels
- Research Group Experimental Ecology and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Merker
- Research Group Experimental Ecology and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kost
- Research Group Experimental Ecology and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Xu LP, Liu Y, Zhang X. Interfacial self-assembly of amino acids and peptides: scanning tunneling microscopy investigation. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4901-4915. [PMID: 22057641 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play important roles in human daily life. To take advantage of the lessons learned from nature, it is essential to investigate the self-assembly of subunits of proteins, i.e., amino acids and polypeptides. Due to its high resolution and versatility of working environment, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has become a powerful tool for studying interfacial molecular assembly structures. This review is intended to reflect the progress in studying interfacial self-assembly of amino acids and peptides by STM. In particular, we focus on environment-induced polymorphism, chiral recognition, and coadsorption behavior with molecular templates. These studies would be highly beneficial to research endeavors exploring the mechanism and nanoscale-controlling molecular assemblies of amino acids and polypeptides on surfaces, understanding the origin of life, unravelling the essence of disease at the molecular level and deeming what is necessary for the "bottom-up" nanofabrication of molecular devices and biosensors being constructed with useful properties and desired performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Chalova VI, Froelich CA, Ricke SC. Potential for development of an Escherichia coli-based biosensor for assessing bioavailable methionine: a review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:3562-84. [PMID: 22319312 PMCID: PMC3274233 DOI: 10.3390/s100403562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals and is typically considered one of the first limiting amino acids in animal feed formulations. Methionine deficiency or excess in animal diets can lead to sub-optimal animal performance and increased environmental pollution, which necessitates its accurate quantification and proper dosage in animal rations. Animal bioassays are the current industry standard to quantify methionine bioavailability. However, animal-based assays are not only time consuming, but expensive and are becoming more scrutinized by governmental regulations. In addition, a variety of artifacts can hinder the variability and time efficacy of these assays. Microbiological assays, which are based on a microbial response to external supplementation of a particular nutrient such as methionine, appear to be attractive potential alternatives to the already established standards. They are rapid and inexpensive in vitro assays which are characterized with relatively accurate and consistent estimation of digestible methionine in feeds and feed ingredients. The current review discusses the potential to develop Escherichia coli-based microbial biosensors for methionine bioavailability quantification. Methionine biosynthesis and regulation pathways are overviewed in relation to genetic manipulation required for the generation of a respective methionine auxotroph that could be practical for a routine bioassay. A prospective utilization of Escherichia coli methionine biosensor would allow for inexpensive and rapid methionine quantification and ultimately enable timely assessment of nutritional profiles of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela I. Chalova
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Clifford A. Froelich
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
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