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Jürimäe J, Purge P, Remmel L, Ereline J, Kums T, Kamandulis S, Brazaitis M, Venckunas T, Pääsuke M. Changes in irisin, inflammatory cytokines and aerobic capacity in response to three weeks of supervised sprint interval training in older men. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:162-169. [PMID: 35686866 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of supervised short-term sprint interval training (SIT) on circulating irisin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations, and aerobic capacity and body composition values in healthy older men. METHODS Eleven older men (63±8 years; 178.0±5.5 cm; 82.7±8.6 kg; 22.7±3.7% body fat) underwent SIT (6 repetitions of 30 s all-out cycling bouts with 4 min active recovery after each bout) three days a week for three consecutive weeks. Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, aerobic capacity assessed by direct peak oxygen consumption (VO<inf>2peak</inf>) test and morning fasting blood samples were obtained before and after a 3-week SIT intervention. RESULTS Nine supervised SIT sessions moderately (effect size [ES] =0.65; P<0.05) increased irisin concentrations (from 135.40±28.73 to 154.20±47.09 ng.mL-1) together with moderate decreases (P<0.05) in IL-6 (ES=0.89; from 1.26±0.44 to 0.87±0.44 pg.mL-1) and TNF-α (ES=0.64; from 5.10±1.23 to 4.31±1.20 pg.mL-1) levels in older men. In addition, increase in VO<inf>2peak</inf> was significant but small (ES=0.25; P<0.05; from 36.0±7.1 to 37.8±6.7 mL.min.-1kg-1), while no changes (P>0.05) in body composition variables were observed after a short-term SIT period. CONCLUSIONS A 3-week SIT intervention with only nine training sessions increased circulating irisin concentrations, improved inflammatory profile and aerobic capacity without changes in body composition in healthy older men. Accordingly, a short-term SIT programme is a time efficient alternative for traditional aerobic training to improve metabolic health and aerobic capacity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia -
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Ereline
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Kums
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mati Pääsuke
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Zar A, Ahmadi E, Amani D, Ramsbottom R. Acute effect of two exercise intensity programs on interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor-α in female futsalists. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Duration, intensity, and type of exercise can affect serum cytokine levels and change inflammatory indices. The present study aimed to examine the acute effect of two different exercise intensity programs on levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in athletes. Eleven female futsal players aged 20.6±1.2 years completed this cross-over study. Participants performed, either a MI (moderate intensity: 60-65%) or a HI (high intensity: 75-80% heart rate reserve) exercise program. The study was performed on different days separated by a 1-week washout period. Each session consisted of 30 min running, either MI or HI. Blood samples were taken before (Pre) and immediately after (Post) each exercise session from an antecubital vein by venous puncture in a seated position. A Student’s t-test (P<0.05) was used to examine any difference between Pre and Post values. The results showed that IL-6 (P=0.22), IL-1β (P=0.90) and TNF-α (P=0.63) serum concentrations were not significantly different after moderate-intensity exercise. Similarly, high-intensity exercise did not significantly change serum concentrations of TNF-α (P=0.63), and IL-1β (P=0.18). However, HI caused a significant increase in IL-6 (P=0.04). A significant correlation was observed only between IL-1β and IL-6 (r=-0.761, P=0.01) after MI exercise. Based on the findings of the present study, the intensity of exercise can affect some cytokines, such as IL-6 in female futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zar
- Department of Sport Science, School of Literature and Humanities, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr 7516913817, Iran
| | - E. Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Amani
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - R. Ramsbottom
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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Beigpoor A, McKinlay BJ, Kurgan N, Plyley MJ, O'Leary D, Falk B, Klentrou P. Cytokine concentrations in saliva vs. plasma at rest and in response to intense exercise in adolescent athletes. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:389-392. [PMID: 34514917 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1980105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary measures are advantageous in conducting large paediatric studies involving repeated measures. However, research measuring salivary cytokines in youth is limited. AIM Compare salivary with plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines at rest and following exercise in adolescent swimmers (21 male, 22 female). METHODS Following collection of resting saliva and blood samples, participants performed a bout of high-intensity interval swimming, with samples taken again ∼15 min post-swimming and analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS Resting IL-10 was significantly lower, while IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in saliva compared with plasma. IL-10 increased from pre- to post-swimming in plasma, but less so in saliva (51% vs. 29%; p = 0.02). TNF-α decreased post-swimming in saliva, but not in plasma (-27% vs -1%; p = 0.01). IL-6 decreased post-swimming in saliva compared with plasma (-21% vs. -3%; p = 0.06). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed no association between salivary and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α, while IL-10 showed a weak correlation only at rest (ICC = 0.39; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Differences in concentrations and exercise responses, along with weak correlations, suggest that salivary cytokine levels are not an accurate representation of blood cytokine levels, and should not be used as a surrogate measure in paediatric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrisham Beigpoor
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Brandon J McKinlay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Michael J Plyley
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Deborah O'Leary
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.,Brock-Niagara Centre for Health and Well-Being, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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Kornel A, Den Hartogh DJ, Klentrou P, Tsiani E. Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9136. [PMID: 34502045 PMCID: PMC8430535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that is constantly adapting to micro-changes to facilitate movement. When the balance between bone building and resorption shifts more towards bone resorption, the result is reduced bone density and mineralization, as seen in osteoporosis or osteopenia. Current treatment strategies aimed to improve bone homeostasis and turnover are lacking in efficacy, resulting in the search for new preventative and nutraceutical treatment options. The myokine irisin, since its discovery in 2012, has been shown to play an important role in many tissues including muscle, adipose, and bone. Evidence indicate that irisin is associated with increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, leading to reduced risk of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. In addition, low serum irisin levels have been found in individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Irisin targets key signaling proteins, promoting osteoblastogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis. The present review summarizes the existing evidence regarding the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kornel
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
| | - Danja J. Den Hartogh
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
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Jürimäe J, Vaiksaar S, Purge P, Tillmann V. Irisin, Fibroplast Growth Factor-21, and Follistatin Responses to Endurance Rowing Training Session in Female Rowers. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689696. [PMID: 34149463 PMCID: PMC8212044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined selected myokine responses to an endurance rowing training session, and whether metabolic demands of the acute aerobic rowing exercise together with training volume, aerobic capacity, and body composition variables affect potential exercise-induced changes in the myokine levels in female rowers. Methods: Fifteen national level female rowers [18.3 ± 1.6 years; 172.0 ± 5.0 cm, 67.5 ± 8.8 kg; maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 47.2 ± 7.9 ml.min.-1 kg-1] performed a 1-h rowing ergometer exercise at the intensity of 70% of VO2max [distance: 12.1 ± 1.1 km; energy expenditure (EE): 639 ± 69 kcal; heart rate (HR): 151 ± 7 beats.min-1] followed by a 30-min recovery period. Venous blood samples were collected before and after exercise, and analyzed for irisin, fibroplast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), and follistatin conentrations. Results: Plasma irisin and FGF-21 concentrations were increased (by 8%; p = 0.013 and by 13%; p < 0.0001, respectively) immediately after the aerobic rowing exercise. Follistatin was significantly increased (by 11%; p = 0.001) only after the first 30 min of recovery. Exercise metabolic demand variables such as distance covered and total EE were correlated with the pre-to-post-exercise increases in FGF-21 concentrations (r = 0.52; p = 0.047 and r = 0.68; p = 0.005, respectively). Exercise-induced increases in irisin levels were related to aerobic capacity as measured by VO2max (r = 0.53; p = 0.041) and training stress as measured by weekly training volume (r = 0.54; p = 0.039) in female rowers. Conclusion: Acute negative energy balance induced by a single endurance rowing training session elicited significant increases in irisin, FGF-21, and follistatin levels in national level female rowers. While exercise-induced increases in FGF-21 levels were associated with exercise metabolic demand measures, exercise-induced increases in irisin concentrations were related to aerobic capacity and training stress measures in female rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sille Vaiksaar
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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