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Canavero I, Storti B, Marinoni G, De Souza DA, Moro E, Gatti L, Sacco S, Lorenzano S, Sandset EC, Poggesi A, Carrozzini T, Pollaci G, Potenza A, Gorla G, Wardlaw JM, Zedde ML, Bersano A. COVID-19 and stroke in women: impact on clinical, psychosocial and research aspects. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0. [PMID: 39103735 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in gender medicine, the influence of sex and gender on human diseases, including stroke, continues to be underestimated and understudied. The COVID-19 pandemic has overall impacted not only the occurrence and management of stroke but has also exacerbated sex and gender disparities among both patients and healthcare providers. This paper aims to provide an updated overview on the influence of sex and gender in stroke pathophysiology and care during COVID-19 pandemic, through biological, clinical, psychosocial and research perspectives. Gender equity and awareness of the importance of sexual differences are sorely needed, especially in times of health crisis but have not yet been achieved to date. To this purpose, the sudden yet worldwide diffusion of COVID-19 represents a unique learning experience that highlights critical unmet needs also in gender medicine. The failures of this recent past should be kept as food for thought to inspire proper strategies reducing inequalities and to address women's health and wellbeing issues, particularly in case of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Canavero
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Benedetta Storti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giulia Marinoni
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Diana Aguiar De Souza
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Moro
- Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Gatti
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Else C Sandset
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Poggesi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pollaci
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Antonella Potenza
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Gemma Gorla
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Koştu N, İnci FH, Arslan S. Compassion fatigue and the meaning in life as predictors of secondary traumatic stress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13249. [PMID: 38404192 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the relationship among secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and meaning in life in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND Changes in working conditions during the pandemic also changed the needs of nurses. In addition to physical health, the COVID-19 pandemic led to many psychosocial health problems such as sleep disturbances, depression, and traumatic stress. This makes nurses vulnerable to psychological side effects of the pandemic. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted. METHODS This study was conducted with 166 nurses. Data were collected online at May-June 2021. A Personal Information Form, the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Compassion Fatigue Scale, and Meaning in Life Scale were used. The STROBE reporting checklist was followed. RESULTS As secondary traumatic stress levels increase, compassion fatigue increases, meaning in life decreases, and the search for meaning in life increases. CONCLUSION Predictors of secondary traumatic stress were shown to be compassion fatigue, change in sleep habits, meaning in life, marital status, and having a chronic illness. This suggested that working during the pandemic posed significant risks in terms of manifesting negative consequences on mental health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Koştu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fadime Hatice İnci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Arslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Lathabhavan R, Hosseini Marznaki Z, Kaggwa MM, Darvishi M, Haghighi A, Yıldırım M. Exploring the relationship between peritraumatic dissociative experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder, stigma, and fear: A three-wave study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 51:176-182. [PMID: 39034076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as a pervasive global challenge, giving rise to both significant public health concerns and a range of psychological experiences, such as fear, stigma, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Importantly, healthcare professionals have been subjected to immense mental health problems as they battle against this disease. This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of perceived stigma, self-stigma related to COVID-19, and fear of COVID-19 in the associations between peritraumatic dissociative experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder during a three-wave COVID-19 pandemic (4th [T1], no wave [T2], and 5th [T3]) in Iran. Data were collected from healthcare professionals using the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-6, Perceived Stigma Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Self-Stigma Scale-Short. The results of structural equation modelling demonstrated positive associations between peritraumatic dissociative experiences, perceived stigma, self-stigma related to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, and post-traumatic stress disorder across all survey waves. Moreover, the study revealed that perceived stigma, self-stigma related to COVID-19, and fear of COVID-19 acted as mediators in the association between peritraumatic dissociative experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder. The implications of these findings highlight the urgent need to address the mental health of healthcare professionals in the aftermath of a pandemic. Policy efforts should be directed towards providing adequate mental health resources and support to mitigate the psychological impact of pandemics on healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Lathabhavan
- OB and HRM Area, Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | | | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), School of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Haghighi
- Imam Reza Hospital at Amol City, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Turkey; Department of Social and Educational Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Negarandeh R, Shahmari M, Zare L. Stigmatization experiences of healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:823. [PMID: 39020333 PMCID: PMC11253434 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers face the stigmatization of those caring for COVID-19 patients, creating a significant social problem. Therefore, this study investigated the stigmatization of healthcare workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this scoping review study, searches were conducted from December 2019 to August 2023 in Persian and English using various databases and search engines including PubMed (Medline), Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and national databases. The study used English keywords such as Social Stigma, Health Personnel, Healthcare Worker, Medical Staff, Medical Personal, Physicians, doctors, Nurses, nursing staff, COVID-19, and coronavirus disease 2019, and their Persian equivalents, and their Persian equivalents to explore healthcare workers' experiences of COVID-19-related stigma. RESULTS From a total of 12,200 search results, 77 eligible studies were included in this study. stigmatization of healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients was evident from the literature because of fear, misinformation, and negative self-image. Manifestations were violence and deprivation of social rights, resulting in adverse biopsychosocial, occupational, and economic consequences. This condition can affect negatively health staff themselves, their families, and society as well. Anti-stigmatization measures include informing society about the realities faced by healthcare workers, presenting an accurate and empathetic image of health workers, providing psychosocial support to health workers, and encouraging them to turn to spirituality as a coping mechanism. There are notable research gaps in comprehending the phenomenon, exploring its variations across diverse healthcare roles and cultural contexts, examining its long-term effects, and monitoring shifts in stigma perceptions over time. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the stigmatization of healthcare workers, causing mistreatment and rights violations. This stigma persists even post-pandemic, posing a psychological dilemma for caregivers. Addressing this requires comprehensive strategies, including tailored stigma prevention programs and research to understand its psychological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Negarandeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Shahmari
- Department of Medical-Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leily Zare
- Department of Medical Surgical, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gunlu A. Examining the mediating role of e-health literacy in the relationship between COVID-19 awareness and dispositional hope and the experiences of those who survived the disease. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38995702 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of e-health literacy levels on the relationship between individuals' awareness of COVID-19 and dispositional hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted with a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected for the study online using Google Forms and qualitative data were collected online with an interview technique. In this framework, the qualitative data were obtained from a total of 15 people who had been diagnosed with COVID-19. These participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. A personal information form, e-Health Literacy Scale, Coronavirus Awareness Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, and semistructured interview form were utilized in the course of the research. As a result of, it was determined that there were significant relationships between coronavirus awareness and both e-health literacy and dispositional hope, as well as between e-health literacy and dispositional hope. The measurement model was found to have good fit values. Testing the structural equation model, it was determined that e-health literacy had a full mediating role between coronavirus awareness and dispositional hope. In addition, this study showed that people who had COVID-19 had increased awareness of COVID-19 after contracting the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gunlu
- Department of Child Care and Youth Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Singh BK, Pandey S, Humagain U, Bista PR, Pahari DP. Perceived social support and professional quality of life of health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085535. [PMID: 38803250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the perceived social support and professional quality of life (ProQOL) among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, encompassing both positive (compassion satisfaction) and negative (compassion fatigue) dimensions as well as the factors associated with them. DESIGN A cross-sectional web-based study. SETTING Nepal PARTICIPANTS: We carried out a convenience sampling technique to enrol 313 health professionals aged 18-60 years old. OUTCOME MEASURES We employed the ProQOL V.5 questionnaire (comparing 30 self-report items) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support with 12 items to assess the ProQOL and social support, respectively. A χ2 test was performed to determine associated factors of different dimensions of ProQOL. RESULTS The study included a total of 313 participants, mostly consisting of frontline health workers. More than one-third of the participants worked in places where precautionary measures were insufficient. However, the majority of them (73.8%) had high social support. Concerning the ProQOL, the percentage of health professionals that had moderate compassion satisfaction (CS), moderate Burnout (BO) and moderate secondary traumatic stress (STS) were 57.5%, 58.2% and 75.4%, respectively. Factors like sex, marital status, profession, work-shift, type of health institution and status of precautionary measures at the workplace were associated with the different dimensions of ProQOL at the significance level of 0.05. CONCLUSION This study findings revealed a considerable proportion of BO and STS among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Implementation of appropriate interventions and support systems are needed to enhance CS, alleviate BO and mitigate STS among health professionals to combat future health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Kumar Singh
- Department of Community Program, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samip Pandey
- Department of Community Program, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Urja Humagain
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pariwesh Raj Bista
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Durga Prasad Pahari
- Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Janoušková M, Pekara J, Kučera M, Kearns PB, Šeblová J, Wolfová K, Kuklová M, Šeblová D. Experiences of stigma, discrimination and violence and their impact on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10534. [PMID: 38720009 PMCID: PMC11078939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Health care workers have been exposed to COVID-19 more than people in other professions, which may have led to stigmatization, discrimination, and violence toward them, possibly impacting their mental health. We investigated (1) factors associated with stigma, discrimination, and violence, (2) the association of stigma, discrimination, and violence with mental health, (3) everyday experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence. We chose a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze data collected at three time points: in 2020, 2021 and 2022. A higher age was associated with lower odds of experiencing stigma, discrimination, and violence, whereas female gender was related to more negative experiences. The intensity of exposure to COVID-19 was associated with greater experience with stigmatization, discrimination, and violence across all three years (for example in 2022: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 1.18-2.55 for mild exposure; 2.82, 1.95-4.09 for moderate exposure; and 5.74, 3.55-9.26 for severe exposure, when compared to no exposure). Stigma, discrimination, and violence were most strongly associated with psychological distress in 2020 (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval 2.27-3.88) and with depressive symptoms in 2021 (odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval 2.12-3.64). Attention should be given to the destigmatization of contagious diseases and the prevention of discrimination, violence, and mental health problems, both within workplaces and among the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Janoušková
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Division of Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jaroslav Pekara
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
- Medical College, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Matěj Kučera
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pavla Brennan Kearns
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Katrin Wolfová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Kuklová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dominika Šeblová
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Ramos Salazar L, Weiss A, Yarbrough JW, Sell K. The effects of COVID-19 risk, gender, and self-compassion on the workplace cyberbullying and job satisfaction of university faculty. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38588672 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2339252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine workplace cyberbullying (WPCB) in higher education. Specifically, the study examines the relationship between WPCB and several important factors such as self-compassion, job satisfaction, and gender. The cross-sectional study administered a survey to a convenience sample of 179 faculty members. The regression model showed that self-compassion was positively related to job satisfaction, whereas WPCB was negatively related to job satisfaction after controlling for covariates. The path analysis model results showed that gender and COVID-19 risk of severe illness were related to WPCB. Additionally, self-compassion mediated the inverse relationship between WPCB and job satisfaction.
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SARAÇ E, CAN R, YILDIZ E. Stigma Perceptions of Public Employees Concerning Covid-19 Disease. İZMIR TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2024; 3:9-15. [DOI: 10.57221/izmirtip.1272601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused people to be exposed to negative attitudes and stigma. The aim of the study was to investigate the stigma perceptions of public employees concerning Covid-19 and to determine variables thought to be related.
Materials and Methods: Study adopted descriptive design was conducted between 4/11/2021 and 1/1/2022. 351 employees in two public workplaces responded to the research. The Stigmatization of Covid-19 Questionnaire was delivered to the employees through online platform. The participation rate was 63.8%. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 Package program.
Results: The majority of the participants (42.5%) fell within the age group of 36-45 years. 69.2% of them were male, and 61.8% were workers. While the mean score of self-stigma associated with Covid-19 was 50.61±9.73, stigma toward others was 78.68±13.01. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of age, gender, education, marital status, history of previous Covid, and stigma toward others.
Conclusion: Self-stigma perceptions of employees were low while the toward others were high. The factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, previous experience of Covid-19 affected employees’ perceptions of stigma associated with Covid-19. The findings of the study highlight the importance of intervening early to provide psychological or social support for employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif SARAÇ
- Milli Savunma Bakanlığı Yönetim Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Özel Bakım Merkezi/Bilkent/Ankara
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Heidaranlu E, Moayed MS, Parandeh A. Spiritual-Cultural Needs as the Main Causative Factor of Death Anxiety in Iranian COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:817-837. [PMID: 38160442 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients have been reported to more than likely experience a variety of difficult physical and psychological problems. This qualitative study aims to perceive psychological experiences in COVID-19 patients in Iran. The study method is qualitative, with a conventional content analysis approach adopted. Purposive sampling was applied to 20 COVID-19 patients admitted to medical wards at hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Additionally, data were collected using semi-structured interviews. All data were analyzed based on the method proposed by Lindgren et al. (Int J Nurs Stud 108:103632, 2020). Data analysis identified the main theme to be "death fear and anxiety" with five main categories. These categories included the feelings of death panic and apprehension, uncertainty and ambiguity, fear of abandonment, fear of an unknown future for the family, and fear of unmet spiritual-cultural needs. Accordingly, the patients' experiences of COVID-19 contraction were unique. Against this backdrop, understanding COVID-19 patients' complexities, experiences, beliefs, and attitudes about anxiety and death, can lead to an improved awareness and understanding of the psychological consequences of COVID-19 by executive decision-makers, healthcare personnel and mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail Heidaranlu
- Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Sadat Moayed
- Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Parandeh
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mbalinda SN, Lusota DA, Muddu M, Nyashanu M. Ageing with HIV: challenges and coping mechanisms of older adults 50 years and above living with HIV in Uganda. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:95. [PMID: 38267880 PMCID: PMC10809588 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, adults 50 years and older are an increasing proportion of persons living with HIV (PLHIV), accounting for 16% of the patient group globally. The long-term effects of antiretroviral use are still being discovered and have been associated with several comorbidities; Stigma presents challenges for those in need of services and health care and can significantly affect mental health and treatment adherence. Understanding the experiences and challenges of older PLHIV will inform the development of interventions to improve their care, health, and quality of life, which may help prevent the further spread of HIV. We explored the experiences and challenges of older PLHIV aged 50 years and above. METHODS We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with elderly PLHIV aged 50 years and above who had lived with HIV for more than ten years. We also explored the experiences and challenges of ageing with HIV in two hospitals. We analysed the data thematically. RESULTS The key themes that emerged included; late diagnosis of HIV, depression and fear at the time of diagnosis, acceptance of close family, stigma from community, polypharmacy, development of comorbidities, financial burden, resilience, and mastery of own care. CONCLUSION Older adults experience several challenges, and there is a need to develop special clinics providing appropriate care for the ageing and their social life. Prevention, Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HIV, and appropriate geriatric care are essential for the well-being of elderly PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scovia Nalugo Mbalinda
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda.
| | - Derrick Amooti Lusota
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, P.O Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Martin Muddu
- Makerere University Joint AIDS Program (MJAP), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathew Nyashanu
- Department of Health & Allied Professions School of Social Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Abdelwahab SF, Fathelrahman AI, Alazwari HF, Almalki OS. Stigma and inequality in the management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)- patients among healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia and associated beliefs: A cross sectional study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:109-118. [PMID: 37995556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma and discrimination (SAD) can greatly impact the management of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Studies examining SAD in managing COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia (SA) are limited. This study examined the discrimination and inequality in treating COVID-19 patients and the associated beliefs among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the pandemic. METHODS This was a cross sectional study using an online self-administrated questionnaire by 414 HCWs from September 2022 to January 2023. RESULTS Of the 414 participants, 53.4% aged 18-30 years, were males (53.4%), mostly Saudi (82.1%), and residents of western SA (90.8%). Almost one-third of the participants (32.1%) were physicians, and 23.7% were pharmacists. 53.1% of the HCWs had work experience < 5 years, 49.3% either had a current/previous COVID-19 infection and 10.1% (n = 42) reported treating ≥ 2000 COVID-19 patients. Most of the participants had not received training on avoiding discrimination against COVID-19 patients (n = 246; 59.4%) and denied receiving any incentives from their institution (n = 294; 71%) or community (n = 248; 59.9%) during the pandemic. Less than 20% of the HCWs had observed some sort of discrimination in providing care for COVID-19 patients. The responses significantly differed by nationality, educational level, specialty, workplace and COVID-19 infection status (P < 0.05). Approximately, 20% of the participants held negative beliefs about COVID-19 patients and these responses varied significantly by nationality, work experience, workplace, gender, and age (p < 0.05). Cross-tabulation and regression analyses showed some differences by gender, workplace, specialty and COVID-19 infection status. CONCLUSIONS There was a low prevalence of negative beliefs about COVID-19 patients and a low prevalence of discriminatory behaviors in providing care for these patients in SA. Training and governmental regulations could further lower the prevalence of SAD against COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Hamed F Alazwari
- Pharmacy student, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Maghsoodi E, Vanaki Z, Mohammadi E. Nurses' perception of work and life under COVID-19 pandemic conditions: a qualitative study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1292664. [PMID: 38164452 PMCID: PMC10758251 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although nurses work and live in special and stressful conditions due to the nature of their profession, in periods of crises and pandemics, when the work pressure on nurses and the public's need for professional services increases to extraordinary and incomparable levels compared to customary conditions, their work and life situation becomes entirely different. Therefore, what nurses experienced in the COVID-19 pandemic went beyond the typical challenges of their work environment. This study was conducted to discover nurses' perceptions of work and life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This qualitative study was conducted with a conventional content analysis approach on 16 nurses working in the inpatient wards during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Data were collected through unstructured, individual, and in-depth interviews between August 2020 and June 2023 and were analyzed using content analysis with the conventional (inductive) approach of Granheim and Lundman. Results Data analysis led to the extraction of 11 subcategories, namely, "feeling a lack of support and understanding from managers," "team cooperation and communication challenges in difficult work conditions," "shadow of burnout," "shortage inequity," "dissatisfaction with unfair wages and benefits," "not having their work and sacrifices appreciated," "suffering and fatigue of using personal protective equipment (PPE)," "deprivation of entertainment and rest," "fear of illness and imminent death," "low resilience," and "deteriorating life conditions" These 11 subcategories led to the following themes: "unsafe work environment" and "the shadow of suffering and death." Conclusion Nurses working in COVID-19 wards in Iran worked in an unsafe work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic and had to deal with suffering and fear of death. It is necessary to pay attention to the needs and problems of nurses, and healthcare organizations must provide the required support to maintain the physical and mental health of nurses during epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohreh Vanaki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Baez Caraballo P, Schriger S, Escober J, Acevedo A, García Alejandro A, Halpern M, Lowenthal E. Reaching "covidianidad": A qualitative study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceived mental health of health care workers in the Dominican Republic. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002652. [PMID: 38039282 PMCID: PMC10691706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Dominican Republic. We also aimed to identify the types of resources that HCWs felt were needed to support their mental health. We used purposive and convenience sampling in four health centers in the eastern Dominican Republic to recruit 28 HCWs (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and community health workers) between April 2021 and August 2021. Through semi-structured interviews, we elicited HCWs experiences during the pandemic and how they felt these experiences impacted their mental health. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive/deductive thematic approach. Main stressors experienced during the pandemic by HCWs and their sequelae included anxiety due to misinformation and uncertainty, fear of the disease, the robustness of pandemic-related changes they faced in their work and daily life, and COVID-19's economic impact. HCWs reflected on protective factors that transformed their acute sense of crisis felt at the beginning of the pandemic into what HCWs referred to as "covidianidad [everyday COVID]", a situation that became manageable through mechanisms including social support, professional motivation, positive work environment and resilience. Lastly, HCWs identified stigmatization of and limited access to mental health services as challenges to supporting their mental health. While Dominican HCWs were vulnerable to the challenges posed by COVID-19 in sustaining their mental health, for many, the situation became manageable through the evolution of "covidianidad." Further research and interventions are needed to reduce stigmatization of mental health services and foment a positive environment for HCWs' mental health, to promote resiliency to future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Schriger
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Escober
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Ana Acevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Mina Halpern
- Clínica de Familia La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Elizabeth Lowenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Global Health Center, The Children´s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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15
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Turki M, Ouali R, Ellouze S, Ben Ayed H, Charfi R, Feki H, Halouani N, Aloulou J. Perceived stigma among Tunisian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:582-588. [PMID: 36411122 PMCID: PMC9482834 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stigma was a major issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. It posed a serious threat to the lives of healthcare workers (HCWs) who were expected to experience higher levels of stigma and increased psychological distress. This is the first survey to investigate forms and correlates of perceived stigma in Tunisian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between October 8th and November 10th 2020, among 250 Tunisian HCWs. Data were collected using an online questionnaire using the Google Forms® platform. We used a self-reported instrument measuring COVID-19-related stigma, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure the perceived adequacy of social support from three sources: family, friends, and significant other. RESULTS The mean stigma score was 18.6±8. Participants sometimes to often experienced stigma in their relationships with friends (22%), neighbors (27.2%), parents (22,4%), and in social activities (30.8%). This stigma was perceived mainly through avoidance (68.4%), and rarely through verbal (6%) or physical aggression (1.2%). The mean MSPSS total score was 5.26±1.24. In multivariate analysis, depression history (P<0.001), long working experience (P<0.001), having presented ageusia/anosmia (P=0.007) and lower total social support scale (P<0.001) were significantly associated with higher perceived stigma score. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that HCWs perceived stigma in professional, societal and familial domains. Social support from family, friends and others seemed to protect against perceived stigma. Proper health education targeting the public appears to be an effective method to prevent social harassment of both HCWs and COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Turki
- Psychiatry "B" department, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - R Ouali
- Psychiatry "B" department, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Ellouze
- Psychiatry "B" department, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Ben Ayed
- Preventive medicine and hospital hygiene, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - R Charfi
- Psychiatry "B" department, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Feki
- Preventive medicine and hospital hygiene, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Halouani
- Psychiatry "B" department, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - J Aloulou
- Psychiatry "B" department, Hedi Chaker university hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Faculty of medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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16
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Garnett A, Hui L, Oleynikov C, Boamah S. Compassion fatigue in healthcare providers: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1336. [PMID: 38041097 PMCID: PMC10693134 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare providers' psychological health and well-being continue to affect their professional roles and activities, leading to compassion fatigue. The purpose of this review was to identify and summarize published literature on compassion fatigue among healthcare providers and its impact on patient care. Six databases were searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, for studies on compassion fatigue in healthcare providers, published in English from the peak of the pandemic in 2020 to 2023. To expand the search, reference lists of included studies were hand searched to locate additional relevant studies. The studies primarily focused on nurses, physicians, and other allied health professionals. This scoping review was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF), using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension to scoping review. From 11,715 search results, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Findings are presented using four themes: prevalence of compassion fatigue; antecedents of compassion fatigue; consequences of compassion fatigue; and interventions to address compassion fatigue. The potential antecedents of compassion fatigue are grouped under individual-, organization-, and systems-level factors. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers differ in risk for developing compassion fatigue in a country-dependent manner. Interventions such as increasing available personnel helped to minimize the occurrence of compassion fatigue. This scoping review offers important insight on the common causes and potential risks for compassion fatigue among healthcare providers and identifies potential strategies to support healthcare providers' psychological health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garnett
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Lucy Hui
- Medical Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Oleynikov
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila Boamah
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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17
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SeyedAlinaghi S, Afsahi AM, Shahidi R, Afzalian A, Mirzapour P, Eslami M, Ahmadi S, Matini P, Yarmohammadi S, Saeed Tamehri Zadeh S, Asili P, Paranjkhoo P, Ramezani M, Nooralioghli Parikhani S, Sanaati F, Amiri Fard I, Emamgholizade Baboli E, Mansouri S, Pashaei A, Mehraeen E, Hackett D. Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231208273. [PMID: 38020797 PMCID: PMC10640804 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231208273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stigmatization was reported throughout the COVID pandemic for COVID-19 patients and close contacts. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine the prevalence and impact of stigmatization during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods English articles were searched using online databases that included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to 24 August 2022. A two-step screening and selection process was followed utilizing an inclusion and exclusion criteria and then data was extracted from eligible articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was followed, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results Seventy-six studies were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-two studies reported the prevalence of social stigma due to COVID-19 infection with social isolation being the most commonly reported stigma. There were 20 studies that reported the majority of participants experienced stigma due to COVID-19 infection, which was as high as 100% of participants in two studies. Participants in 16 studies reported blaming from others as the second most common type of stigma, with various other types reported such as psychological pressure, verbal violence, avoidance, and labeling. The most common effect of the stigma was anxiety followed by depression, and then reduction of socialization. Conclusion Findings from the present review have identified that COVID-19-related stigma studies have generally focused on its prevalence, type, and outcome. Greater awareness of this topic may assist with improving public education during pandemics such as COVID-19 as well as access to support services for individuals impacted by stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ramin Shahidi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Arian Afzalian
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslami
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Matini
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Asili
- Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Paranjkhoo
- Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maryam Ramezani
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Foziye Sanaati
- School of Nursing and Allied Medical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Iman Amiri Fard
- Department of Community Health Nursing and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Emamgholizade Baboli
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Mansouri
- Department of Management, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ava Pashaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Kadiani A, Shah H, Thotam A. Negative and positive impacts on lives of resident doctors working in a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Mumbai: A mixed-methods study. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S213-S219. [PMID: 38370922 PMCID: PMC10871390 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_193_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in inducting trainee resident doctors (RDs) in the care of COVID-19 patients. Limited research has been conducted to understand the impact of domains other than physical and emotional health on their lives. The focus has been to understand the negative consequences of COVID-19 duties, disregarding the possibility of any positive impact that could have emerged. Aim This mixed-methods study (qualitative and quantitative) aims to explore the holistic and comprehensive impacts of COVID-19 duties on RD's lives. Materials and Methods This is a mixed-methods convergent design study conducted in a 1400-bed multispecialty teaching hospital in a metropolitan city in India. A phenomenological approach was used for the qualitative part of the study, and the data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs). For quantitative purposes, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was administered. Results Qualitative findings show themes of negative impact covering domains of physical, emotional, social, and professional life. Themes that reveal a positive impact have emerged in the social, professional, and personal domains of the RDs' lives. Quantitative and qualitative results were in agreement with all the questions covered in the WHOQOL-BREF scale; however, the qualitative data findings extend far beyond. Conclusion In the course of the COVID-19 duties, the RD has suffered in multiple domains, yet it has allowed them to self-reflect and change. As a consequence, they have grown as individuals in many areas of their lives. Working in COVID-19 wards has had a holistic impact on the RDs and has transformed them into better doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Kadiani
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC B Y L Nair Hospital, Dr A L Nair Road, Near Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Henal Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC B Y L Nair Hospital, Dr A L Nair Road, Near Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Thotam
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC B Y L Nair Hospital, Dr A L Nair Road, Near Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Khatooni M, Ghorbani A, Momeni M, Ghapanvari F. Resilience of first-line nurses during adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic: A grounded theory study. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2023; 20:e12548. [PMID: 37329161 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nurses are a vital resource in providing care to COVID-19 patients. During adaptation to the pandemic, the mental health of nurses was disturbed. The present study aimed to explain the resilience development process and adaptive strategies of first-line nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study was conducted based on the grounded theory qualitative approach. Twenty-two Iranian first-line nurses, who were employed in one teaching hospital in Qazvin city, were included via purposive and theoretical sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were analyzed based on the Corbin and Strauss approach 2015. RESULTS The resilience development process of nurses had three stages including initial confrontation with changes, managing conditions and reorganizing, developing resilience. Professional commitment was identified as a core category that affected all stages of resilience development. Negative emotions, nurses' characteristics, and caring challenges were identified as contextual factors which affected the adaptation of nurses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of resilience. CONCLUSION Regarding the importance of professional commitment in the nurses' resilience development and not leaving the profession in the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to emphasize the ethical values and principles of the nursing profession in practice and especially in the education of nursing students. It is necessary to monitor mental health and provide professional psychological counseling by the healthcare systems; also, nursing managers should follow a supportive leadership style and consider first-line nurses' worries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Khatooni
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Azam Ghorbani
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Momeni
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghapanvari
- Intensive Care Nursing, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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20
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Mediavilla R, Fernández-Jiménez E, Andreo J, Morán-Sánchez I, Muñoz-Sanjosé A, Moreno-Küstner B, Mascayano F, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Bravo-Ortiz MF, Martínez-Alés G. Association between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes among health workers during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:221-224. [PMID: 34153496 PMCID: PMC8253602 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the initial COVID-19 outbreak, health systems faced unprecedented organizational stress. Meanwhile, reports of episodes of discrimination and violence towards healthcare workers increased globally. This study explores the association between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes in a large sample of healthcare workers in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthcare workers from inpatient and outpatient facilities (N=2,053) filled an on-line questionnaire in May or June 2020. Mental health outcomes included depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12]) and death thoughts (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale [C-SSRS]). We also measured perceived discrimination and/or stigmatization due to being a healthcare worker since pandemic onset. Regression models adjusted for potential confounding sources (age, sex, history of a mental health diagnosis and type of job) were fitted. RESULTS Thirty percent of the respondents reported discrimination and/or stigmatization. Perceived discrimination was associated with higher depression (B=2.4, 95 percent CI: 1.8, 2.9) and psychological distress (B=1.1, 95 percent CI: 0.7, 1.4) scores, and with a 2-fold increase in risk of reporting death thoughts (OR=2.0, 95 percent CI: 1.4, 3.1). CONCLUSIONS Perceived discrimination is a modifiable driver of mental health problems among healthcare workers. Mass media, legislators, and healthcare institutions must put in place prevention and restoration strategies to limit discrimination towards healthcare workers and reduce its mental health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Andreo
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Morán-Sánchez
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Cartagena Mental Health Centre, Health Service of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ainoa Muñoz-Sanjosé
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Andalusian Group of Psychosocial Research (GAP), Andalusia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Fe Bravo-Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Sood L, Gurvich C, Lavale A, Thomas N, Kulkarni J, Thomas EH. Perceived Discrimination in Australia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Longitudinal Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01798-w. [PMID: 37768538 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There have been global reports of increased discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to the pre-pandemic era, though this has not been well explored within Australia. The aim of the study was to characterise discriminatory behaviour experienced by groups previously identified as most at risk of experiencing discrimination (i.e. those of Asian descent or healthcare workers) both from pre-pandemic to pandemic and during the pandemic era in Australia. METHODS From April 2020 to September 2021, 1479 Australian adults completed the everyday discrimination scale (EDS). Initially, participants were asked to retrospectively consider discrimination experienced pre-COVID-19 pandemic and then to consider experiences in the past month during the pandemic. Participants were invited to repeat the latter every 2 months. RESULTS Collectively, there was a reduction in EDS scores from pre-pandemic to pandemic. Within the pandemic era, mean trajectory graphs across time revealed that changes in EDS scores in the 'non-Asian healthcare workers' and 'Asian healthcare workers' subgroups tended to mirror onto fluctuations in Australian COVID-19 case numbers. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest social solidarity amongst the general Australian population during the pandemic, but still highlight a need to dedicate resources towards groups with heightened risk of experiencing discrimination during future public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lomash Sood
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Gurvich
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Lavale
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jayashri Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hx Thomas
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Deng Z, Bernot A, Davies SE. Perceived stigma of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai, China, in the third year of the pandemic: a cross-sectional social impact survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1709. [PMID: 37667221 PMCID: PMC10476326 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social stigma associated with Covid-19 infection has been reported around the world. This paper investigates the level of self-reported perceived stigma among people infected with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, in the third year of the pandemic to determine changes in perceived stigma and individual level variables associated with perceived stigma. METHODS We conducted a self-reported two-part online survey (n = 144 responses) by employing a convenience sampling method of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai. The first part of the survey collects sociodemographic information of the respondents and the second part outlines 24 items of the Social Impact Scale (SIS), which measures individual level factors associated with stigma, namely social rejection, financial insecurity, internalized shame, and social isolation. We ran Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression analysis to assess the levels of perceived stigma differences. RESULTS The study finds that the overall level of self-reported stigma during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Shanghai in 2022 was at a lower level than that compared to the self-reported perceived stigma study in Wuhan in 2020. In Shanghai, the severity of the disease and hospitalization length had most impact on financial insecurity and feelings of social isolation. These experiences were not gendered. Recovery measures, including economic considerations, need to pay particular attention to those who experienced severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Deng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ausma Bernot
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia.
| | - Sara E Davies
- School of Government and International Relations, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Iddrisu M, Poku CA, Mensah E, Attafuah PYA, Dzansi G, Adjorlolo S. Work-related psychosocial challenges and coping strategies among nursing workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:210. [PMID: 37337228 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and midwives have been stretched by the COVID-19 pandemic amidst the heroic roles they have played during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses stood tall among their peers in the healthcare industry saving lives. The pandemic has had a toll on nurses physically, psychologically, and socio-economically. The numerous deaths have traumatized nurses coupled with the fear of possible infection. Nurses have seen their colleagues and loved ones lose their lives to the pandemic, nevertheless, they still render care to patients no matter the circumstances. Due to that, it is imperative to ascertain the extent to which nurses who are much needed in healthcare delivery have been affected by this pandemic. This scoping review used Arksey and O'Malley's review methodology to investigate the nature of work-related psychosocial challenges nurses encountered during the peak of the pandemic, noting the major contributors to the challenges and the coping strategies used to address them. METHODS We performed a scoping review and searched for articles from five databases including PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Grey literature from December 2019 to December 2021. A total of 7,334 articles were retrieved for the study but 45 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Work-related psychosocial challenges identified included stress, burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, sleeplessness, and anxiety. Factors that accounted for the challenges were inadequate personal protective equipment (PPEs), discomfort using the PPEs, extreme workload, and fatigue. Nurses experienced job insecurity, business closure, and separation from family and loved ones, and these contributed to their challenges. Strategies used to deal with the challenges centred on emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS The study recommends regular counselling and support for all nurses working at the frontline to help them better cope with the devastating effects of the pandemic so that they could build resilience towards future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merri Iddrisu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Collins Atta Poku
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eva Mensah
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Gladys Dzansi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjorlolo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Wong NCW, Paat YF. Understanding the Link between COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS Stigmas. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE 2023; 17:272-290. [PMID: 38602905 PMCID: PMC10028685 DOI: 10.1177/19367244231159609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
While the HIV/AIDS epidemic has informed the responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lack of understanding of the empirical links between stigmas associated with COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS. Surveying 247 adults in the United States online, this study aims to examine the relationships between COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS stigmas in order to understand how they are similar and different from each other, taking into consideration the context relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Four scales of stigmas conveying different attitudes (i.e., rejection, despise, accusation, and caution) were used to examine the relationships between the stigmas of these two infectious diseases. Findings based on the mean comparisons from paired t tests showed the mean difference in scores between respondents who supported the exclusion of COVID-19-infected individuals versus HIV-infected individuals was statistically significant. In addition, the mean difference in scores between respondents who were wary of their need to protect their rights around COVID-19-infected persons versus HIV-infected persons was statistically significant. Controlling for the respondents' sociodemographics and factors that were relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple regression analyses showed that all four types of COVID-19 stigmas were positively associated with their corresponding types of HIV/AIDS stigmas. The preliminary findings between COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS stigmas suggested that HIV/AIDS stigma mitigation strategies may present a fruitful approach to inform stigma mitigation of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yok-Fong Paat
- The University of Texas at El Paso, El
Paso, TX, USA
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Toghroli R, Aghamolaei T, Hassani L, Ramezaninejad V, Yoosefi Lebni J, NeJhaddadgar N, Mehedi N, Ziapour A. Investigating the predictors of perceived social support to control COVID-19: A qualitative study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16878. [PMID: 37274709 PMCID: PMC10234343 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic, the present study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of perceived social support to prevent the further spread of the disease. Methods In the present qualitative study, a content analysis was done. To this aim, 37 Iranian subjects who had active accounts on Instagram were initially invited to participate in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face (n = 25) and telephone conversations (n = 12). A purposive sampling was used and the data collection continued until data saturation. Finally, 41 interviews were held which took 17-48 min. Results The data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, the barriers and facilitators of perceived social support, as well as 12 subcategories. Economic issues, familial factors, socio-cultural factors, personal and psychological factors, ineffective quarantine rules, and poor management were the main barriers to perceived social support. The facilitators were divided into six categories, including familial influences, personal factors, government support, and improved occupational, social, spiritual, and emotional condition. Conclusion The findings showed that a combination of environmental and social variables might influence the COVID-19 disease, either decreasing or increasing its spread. A sound knowledge of these variables, influenced by the social context and real-life experiences during the pandemic, allows to take the right measures and enrich training programs. The prevalence of the disease can be controlled by increasing environmental and social facilitators and decreasing the influence of barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Toghroli
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Teamour Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Laleh Hassani
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vahid Ramezaninejad
- Department of Political Science, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran
| | - Javad Yoosefi Lebni
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Nazila NeJhaddadgar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nafiul Mehedi
- Department of Social Work, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Imam-Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Pokharel A, Kiriya J, Shibanuma A, Silwal RC, Jimba M. Association of workload and practice of respectful maternity care among the healthcare providers, before and during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic in South Western Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:538. [PMID: 37226236 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respectful maternity care is an approach that involves respecting women's belief, choices, emotions, and dignity during the childbirth process. As the workload among maternity care workforce affects intrapartum quality care, respectful maternity care might have also been affected, particularly during the pandemic. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the association between workload among healthcare providers and their practice of respectful maternity care, before and during the early phase of pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in South Western Nepal. A total of 267 healthcare providers from 78 birthing centers were included. Data collection was done through telephone interviews. The exposure variable was workload among the healthcare providers, and the outcome variable was respectful maternity care practice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multilevel mixed-effect linear regression was used to examine the association. RESULTS The median client-provider ratio before and during the pandemic was 21.7 and 13.0, respectively. The mean score of respectful maternity care practice was 44.5 (SD 3.8) before the pandemic, which was decreased to 43.6 (SD 4.5) during the pandemic. Client-provider ratio was negatively associated with respectful maternity care practice for both times; before (Coef. -5.16; 95% CI -8.41 to -1.91) and during (Coef. -7.47; 95% CI -12.72 to -2.23) the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS While a higher client-provider was associated with a lower respectful maternity care practice score both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the coefficient was larger during the pandemic. Therefore, workload among the healthcare providers should be considered before the implementation of respectful maternity care, and more attention should be given during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junko Kiriya
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ram Chandra Silwal
- Green Tara Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Owusu AFS, Abdullah A, Pinto GH, Bentum H, Moo JTN, Ayim M, Mbamba CR, Cudjoe E. Where Do We Go After Surviving the Virus? Cross-Country Documentary Analysis of the Social Consequences Faced by COVID-19 Survivors. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2023; 43:329-338. [PMID: 34102924 PMCID: PMC9996079 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211022176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to move beyond the skewed discussions on stigma to unravel other social consequences that are experienced by persons who have recovered from COVID-19. We conducted a documentary review of published news reports from 14 highly ranked news portals in Ghana and Malaysia (published between 1st January 2020 and 30th August 2020) that contained personal accounts from the recovered patients about their lived experiences with the virus and social consequences encountered after recovery. Narratives from the recovered patients were extracted and analyzed following the narrative thematic analysis procedure. Common themes identified from the narratives included: 1) Stigma impacting mental health, 2) Assault and abuse 3) Experiences of treatment. The findings show the need for interprofessional collaboration between social and health care professionals such as social workers, community health workers, medical practitioners and psychologists to prevent and address issues of abuse and other social consequences experienced by COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred F S Owusu
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alhassan Abdullah
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, Hong Kong
| | - Godfred H Pinto
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hajara Bentum
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Janet Tein Ni Moo
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, the University of Hong Kong, HKU Centennial Campus, Hong Kong
| | - Mary Ayim
- Department of Social Work and Social Care, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Crispin R Mbamba
- School of Governance and International Affairs, Durham Global Security Institute, UK
| | - Ebenezer Cudjoe
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Hanna E, Martin G, Campbell A, Connolly P, Fearon K. The impacts and implications of the community face mask use during the Covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative narrative interview study. Health Expect 2023; 26:1349-1357. [PMID: 36945787 PMCID: PMC10154787 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A range of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions has been introduced in many countries following the rapid spread of Covid-19 since 2020, including recommendations or mandates for the use of face masks or coverings in the community. While the effectiveness of face masks in reducing Covid-19 transmission has been extensively discussed, scant attention has been paid to the lived experience of those wearing face masks. METHOD Drawing on 40 narrative interviews with a purposive sample of people in the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on marginalised and minoritized groups, our paper explores experiences of face mask use during the pandemic. RESULTS We find that face masks have a range of societal, health and safety impacts, and prompted positive and negative emotional responses for users. We map our findings onto Lorenc and Oliver's framework for intervention risks. We suggest that qualitative data offer particular insights into the experiences of public health interventions, allowing the potential downsides and risks of interventions to be more fully considered and informing public health policies that might avoid inadvertent harm, particularly towards marginalised groups. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The study primarily involved members of the public in the conduct of the research, namely through participation in interviews (email and telephone). The conception for the study involved extensive discussions on social media with a range of people, and we received input and ideas from presentations we delivered on the preliminary analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmée Hanna
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Graham Martin
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Campbell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance (NIHR HPRU AMR) in the Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paris Connolly
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Kristine Fearon
- Centre for Reproduction Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Kang J, Kim HS, Yi HJ, Lee Y, Lee SH, Song KH, Park HY, Oh HS, Yoon D, Choe PG, Lee EJ, Choi CH, Sim M, Yu ES, Paik JW, Park HY. Causing trouble and being transmissible: COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of stigma and discrimination in South Korea. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1103572. [PMID: 36998621 PMCID: PMC10043256 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe stigma associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is relatively neglected in policies for handling the disease. Stigmatization occurs only within specific social contexts in local societies.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of social stigma and discrimination in South Korea in the first 2 years of the pandemic.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted.ResultsOf 52 participants, 45 reported that they had to cope with stigma and discrimination in their intimate social relationships, workplaces, and children’s schools, ranging from subtle actions to job loss. Sexual minorities who were involved in mass disease transmission in the early part of the pandemic experienced a higher level of stigmatization. The stigmatization dealt with in this study was related to two themes: survivors’ sense of causing trouble and possibility of transmission.ConclusionBy intertwining this stigma with the experiences of public health measures through the voices of survivors, this study reveals the local context of East Asia in terms of culture-specific aspects of COVID-19-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kang
- Department of Anthropology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Soo Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Yi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesung Lee
- Department of Anthropology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- So Hee Lee,
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sang Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Doran Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Sim
- National Center for Disaster and Trauma, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seung Yu
- Department of Counseling Psychology, The Cyber University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hye Yoon Park,
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Stavropoulou A, Prasianaki M, Papageorgiou D, Kaba E, Misouridou E, Dafogianni C, Gerogianni G, Kelesi M. The Psychological and Professional Burden Experienced by Nurses Who Worked in COVID-19 Clinics during the Pandemic: A Content Analysis. Clin Pract 2023; 13:422-434. [PMID: 36961063 PMCID: PMC10037639 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of the pandemic, nurses have played a key role in providing care for COVID-19 patients. Infection risk and fear, use of personal protective equipment, and social isolation were related to high levels of stress and extreme psychological drain among front-line healthcare providers. AIM The aim of this study was to explore how front-line nurses experienced psychological and professional burdens during the coronavirus outbreak. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study used a qualitative research design. Semi-structured interviews were applied as the method of data collection. Ten nurses from COVID-19 wards and units of two general public hospitals participated in the study. A content analysis approach was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS Data analysis revealed two main categories, namely: (A) front-line experience "From fear to empowerment", and (B) caring and management "From powerlessness to adaptation". Eight sub-categories were developed and included within the corresponding main categories. The study's findings demonstrated that the pandemic caused significant psychological and professional strain on front-line nurses, with feelings of fear, anxiety, and uncertainty predominating. Nonetheless, the process of adaptation and adjustment brought about sentiments of self-actualization and empowerment. CONCLUSIONS A thorough understanding of the psychological and professional burden experienced by the front-line nurses is crucial to ensure that nurses receive appropriate support and that quality care is sustained under highly demanding healthcare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Stavropoulou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Prasianaki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Papageorgiou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Evridiki Kaba
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Evdokia Misouridou
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Dafogianni
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Gerogianni
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Kelesi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 122 43 Athens, Greece
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Park SY, Cheong HS, Kwon KT, Sohn KM, Heo ST, Lee S, Chung US, Lee SH. Guidelines for Infection Control and Burnout Prevention in Healthcare Workers Responding to COVID-19. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:150-165. [PMID: 37021430 PMCID: PMC10079438 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2022.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) suffered more distress from the possibility of contracting the virus, quarantine, social stigma, and prejudice against their families. Many studies have investigated the impact of the pandemic on HCWs; however, studies or guidelines presenting strategies to overcome these challenges are lacking. As part of a 2020 research project supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, titled "Health impact assessment of healthcare workers undertaking coronavirus disease 2019 treatment and management in Korea: Identifying problems and researching effective solutions" (HC20C0003), we created guidelines to respond to serious problems posed by infection control. and burnout among HCWs during COVID-19 response measures throughout the extended pandemic period. We formulated the guidelines by means of a systematic review and collated them with the latest literature. The guidelines will highlight the gravity and impact of infection control and burnout among HCWs responding to COVID-19 and include potential prevention strategies, and they can be used as a reference in the event of another emerging infectious disease outbreak in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yoon Park
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Centers for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hae Suk Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Kyung Mok Sohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Taek Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Shinwon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Un Sun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Nabavian M, Rahmani N, Seyed Nematollah Roshan F, Firouzbakht M. Nurses' experiences of the social stigma caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. J Res Nurs 2023; 28:104-115. [PMID: 37152193 PMCID: PMC10140769 DOI: 10.1177/17449871231159604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the psychological issues that health personnel face when treating COVID-19 patients is the societal stigma. This issue has not been addressed due to the disease's devastating impact on numerous sectors of society. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' experiences of social stigma caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with a qualitative approach. Methods Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to conduct this qualitative research. COVID ward nurses who had been subjected to social stigma were chosen as the study sample. Data were collected through semi-structured and individual interviews and were concurrently analysed using the conventional content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman. Results There are three categories and six sub-categories of social stigma experienced by nurses: (1) paradoxical emotions (psychological stress and positive attitude), (2) abandonment (all-round rejection and isolation) and (3) coping strategies (self-awareness over time and the influential role of the media). Conclusions The findings of this study can help healthcare managers to improve the quality of care by enhancing understanding of the psychological needs arising from social stigma. Based on these findings, designing psychosocial interventions related to stigma can promote the mental health of this group and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majedeh Nabavian
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Narges Rahmani
- Narges Rahmani, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, km 3 of Ghaemshahr road, University Complex of Islamic Azad University, Babol, 98111, Iran.
| | | | - Mojgan Firouzbakht
- Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
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Desmarais C, Roy M, Nguyen MT, Venkatesh V, Rousseau C. The unsanitary other and racism during the pandemic: analysis of purity discourses on social media in India, France and United States of America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anthropol Med 2023; 30:31-47. [PMID: 36861381 DOI: 10.1080/13648470.2023.2180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The global rise of populism and concomitant polarizations across disenfranchised and marginalized groups has been magnified by so-called echo chambers, and a major public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic has only served to fuel these intergroup tensions. Media institutions disseminating information on ways to prevent the propagation of the virus have reactivated a specific discursive phenomenon previously observed in many epidemics: the construction of a defiled 'Other'. With anthropological lenses, discourse on defilement is an interesting path to understand the continuous emergence of pseudo-scientific forms of racism. In this paper, the authors focus on 'borderline racism', that is the use of an institutionally 'impartial' discourse to reaffirm the inferiority of another race. The authors employed inductive thematic analysis of 1200 social media comments reacting to articles and videos published by six media in three different countries (France, United States and India). Results delineate four major themes structuring defilement discourses: food (and the relationship to animals), religion, nationalism and gender. Media articles and videos portrayed Western and Eastern countries through contrasting images and elicited a range of reaction in readers and viewers. The discussion reflects on how borderline racism can be an appropriate concept to understand the appearance of hygienic othering of specific subgroups on social media. Theoretical implications and recommendations on a more culturally sensitive approach of media coverage of epidemics and pandemics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minh Thi Nguyen
- Département de Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vivek Venkatesh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Art Education, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Joy GV, Alomari AMA, Singh K, Hassan N, Mannethodi K, Kunjavara J, Al Lenjawi B. Nurses' self-esteem, self-compassion and psychological resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Open 2023. [PMID: 36813749 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to identify self-esteem, self-compassion and psychological resilience among staff nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional survey design. METHODS The study was conducted on January 2022 (during the third wave in Qatar). Anonymous data were collected through an online survey using Microsoft forms from 300 nurses in 14 health facilities in Qatar. Socio-demographic information, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form were used to collect the data. Correlation, t-test and ANOVA analyses were conducted. RESULTS Participants expressed a high level of resilience, self-esteem and self-compassion. Resilience scores were positively and significantly correlated with self-esteem and self-compassion. The education level of nurses was a statistically significant contributing factor to self-esteem and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalpana Singh
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nesiya Hassan
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Jibin Kunjavara
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Badriya Al Lenjawi
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Arble E, Manning D, Arnetz BB, Arnetz JE. Increased Substance Use among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2674. [PMID: 36768040 PMCID: PMC9915151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on the nursing profession worldwide. Occupational strain has disrupted nurses' emotional wellbeing and may have led to negative coping behaviors, such as increased substance use, which could impair cognitive functioning. The aim of this study was to examine whether increased substance use in a sample of U.S. nurses during the pandemic was related to greater workplace cognitive failure. An online questionnaire was administered in May 2020 to Michigan nurses statewide via three nursing organizations (n = 695 respondents). A path model was used to test the direct effects of reported increased substance use on workplace cognitive failure and via parallel psychological mediators. The model had excellent fit to the observed data, with statistically significant, unique mediating effects of greater symptoms of anxiety (b = 0.236, z = 2.22, p = 0.027), posttraumatic stress disorder (b = 0.507, z = 4.62, p < 0.001) and secondary trauma (b = 1.10, z = 2.82, p = 0.005). Importantly, the direct effect of increased substance use on workplace cognitive failure was not statistically significant independent of the mediators (b = 0.133, z = 0.56, p = 0.576; 95% confidence interval: -0.33, 0.60). These results point to the importance of further delineating the mechanistic pathways linking adverse stress to workplace cognitive failure. As we emerge from the pandemic, healthcare systems should focus resources on supporting cognitive health by addressing the psychological and emotional welfare of nurses, many of whom may be struggling with residual trauma and increased substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Arble
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Dana Manning
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Bengt B. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Gaber DM, Ahmed MM, Sayed AM, Elkholy YS, Sarhan MD. Perception of COVID-19-related stigma and associated psychological challenges among healthcare workers at Cairo University hospitals. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605221148833. [PMID: 36650917 PMCID: PMC9869217 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221148833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study explores the level of perceived social stigma and associated psychological challenges among healthcare workers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 150 healthcare workers at Cairo University hospitals that were confirmed positive for COVID-19 infection. Participants were interviewed for assessment of perceived COVID-19-related stigma and associated psychological symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment for anxiety, and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for post-traumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS Two-thirds of participants perceived moderate-to-severe COVID-19-related stigma. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms were observed at varying levels in 58.0%, 38.0%, and 11.3% of participants, respectively. Female sex and occupation as a nurse were significantly associated with the total perceived COVID-19-related stigma score. COVID-19-related stigma perception significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. CONCLUSION Perceived social stigma prevails among healthcare workers and is associated with numerous psychological disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Mohamed Gaber
- Assistant Lecturer of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt,Dalia Mohamed Gaber, Assistant Lecturer of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Mount Cairo, 2/8, 3rd settlement, Middle Plateau, El Mokattam, 11571, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Amal Mohamed Sayed
- Professor of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Samy Elkholy
- Assistant Professor of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mai Diaa Sarhan
- Lecturer of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Yu CC, Tang B, Low JA, Mathew M, Straus S, Fahim C. A qualitative study on health stigma and discrimination in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learnt from a public health perspective. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1143640. [PMID: 36935669 PMCID: PMC10014793 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1143640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stigmatisation, misinformation and discrimination have been magnified globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The healthcare sector was not spared from this. We conducted a transnational study, using the Health Stigma and Discrimination framework (HSDF) to explore public perception and reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in a multicultural context. Findings from the Asian arm of the study, sited in Singapore, are reported in this paper. Methods This phenomenological research deployed semi-structured informant interviews using non-probability sampling approaches to recruit members of the public. Interviews were coded independently by two researchers and thematic analysis was used to analyse the responses. Results Twenty-nine members of the public (23-80 years old) were interviewed between Oct 2020 to Feb 2021. Five major themes were identified: (i) perception of stigma amongst respondents, (ii) experiences of stigma amongst respondents, (iii) views on what drove stigma and misinformation, (iv) facilitators in preventing and reducing stigma and misinformation, and (v) ageist attitudes towards older adults. Overall, construction workers living in dormitories, healthcare workers, and to some extent tourists from China, were perceived to have been stigmatised and shunned by the public. Place-based stigmatisation was common; participants responded by avoiding places that had confirmed cases of COVID-19. Perceived stigma was temporary and not enduring, driven at the outset by fear of being infected. This study also identified the role played by trust in reducing stigmatisation. The relative absence of politicising of issues and high-quality information readily disseminated to the public were reported as factors that could have reduced and prevented stigma and misinformation on the various groups. Ageist attitudes were observed in some participants with older adults being labelled as vulnerable, susceptible to misinformation and being less able to cope during the pandemic. Conclusion Through the lens of the HSDF, this study provided an exploratory account of the nature of stigma that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic in an Asian context. It also shed light on facilitators in preventing and reducing stigma during an outbreak especially the role of trust and communications during a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou Chuen Yu
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Chou Chuen Yu
| | - Bernard Tang
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Alvin Low
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mathews Mathew
- Institute of Policy Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Fahim
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Singh S, Koundinya K, Bobdey S, Teli P, Yadav AK, Kaushik SK. Social stigma and discrimination faced by COVID-19 patients in an industrial unit: Findings of survey from rural Maharashtra. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:43-47. [PMID: 37274591 PMCID: PMC10236673 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_65_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uncertain situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to fear, stigma, and discrimination across all strata of society in varying proportions. Stigmatization increases the suffering of people or those who are at risk of getting the disease and make it harder for public health authorities to control the disease. Material and Methods The present study is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey conducted over a period of four weeks in the month of July 2021 in a food industry in rural region of western Maharashtra among COVID-19 positive patients. A total of 152 participants were included in the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Descriptive statistics were used which included frequencies and percentages. Results 64.5% of the participants were males and 35.5% were females. Approx. 85% of the participants were in age group 15-58 years. 100% of them reported to have faced fear on being tested COVID-19 positive. However, only approx. 2-5% individuals hid their illness from family and friends and 7.9% of them were afraid of getting hospitalized. Conclusion It was found that fear was prevalent among all survivors but stigma was found to be minimal which is likely due to widespread awareness through media, IEC campaigns, and active involvement of administration in implementing policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kunal Koundinya
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Bobdey
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhakar Teli
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun K. Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Vitale E, Filetti V, Vella F, Senia P, Rapisarda L, Matera S, Lombardo C, Vinnikov D, Rapisarda V, Ledda C. Evaluation of Cardiovascular Activity and Emotional Experience in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Operating in COVID-19 Wards. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247372. [PMID: 36555988 PMCID: PMC9782677 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The new 2019 coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 has been the first biological agent to generate, in this millennium, such a global health emergency as to determine the adoption of public health measures. During this sanitary emergency, the emotional experience of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been hugely tested by several factors. In fact, HCWs have been exposed to greatly tiring physical, psychological and social conditions. The authors investigated the cardiocirculatory activity of a group of HCWs as well as how they perceived stress while working in COVID-19 wards. In particular, every HCW underwent a medical check, an electrocardiographic base exam, systolic and diastolic pressure measurement, and cardio frequency measurement. Furthermore, each HCW was provided with a cardiac Holter device (HoC) and a pressure Holter (Hop). Some psychological factors were considered in order to quantify the stress perceived by each HCW while at work through the administration of two questionnaires: the "Social Stigma towards Patients due to COVID Scale (SSPCS)" and the "Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)". The HoC and HoP analysis results for HCWs working in COVID-19 OU wards showed significant variations in cardiocirculatory activity. From the analysis of the SSPCS questionnaire answers, it is clear that all of them showed a sense of duty towards their patients. The analysis of the ProQOL questionnaire answers showed that the prevailing attitude is fear; however, HCWs did not absolutely discriminate against those who had COVID-19 nor did they refuse to help those in need. Continuous monitoring of these employees, also carried out through occupational medicine surveillance, allows for the detection of critical conditions and the implementation of actions aimed at preventing chronic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Vitale
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Filetti
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Vella
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Senia
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Lombardo
- Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Denis Vinnikov
- Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Occupational Health Risks Laboratory, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Ampon-Wireko S, Zhou L, Quansah PE, Larnyo E. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance: a survey of frontline healthcare workers. Ann Med 2022; 54:2039-2052. [PMID: 35972371 PMCID: PMC9382904 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2089910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of stigmatisation among health care providers has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and understanding the effect of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance has become increasingly important. The study explores the influence of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance among frontline health workers via the mediating role of anxiety. Furthermore, the moderating effect of resilience in the association between COVID-19 stigmatisation and anxiety is further examined. Participants were made up of 820 frontline health workers working in the epicentres of the Bono Ahafo, Western, Greater Accra, and Northern regions of Ghana. The hierarchical regression technique was employed in estimating the relationship between the variables. COVID-19 stigmatisation among frontline health workers directly affected anxiety and performance. In addition, the results showed that resilience moderated the relationship between COVID-19 stigmatisation and anxiety. The findings again demonstrated that anxiety partially mediated the association between concern for disclosure and public attitude and negative experience and job performance, whereas personalised stigma was insignificant. The study provides implications for establishing anti-stigma interventions and programs to enhance job performance among health workers.Key messagesMany healthcare workers are subject to stigmatisation during the COVID-19 pandemic.The study employs hierarchical regression methods to examine the impacts of COVID-19 stigmatisation on job performance among frontline health workers.The health management team should strengthen interventions to control the stigma experienced by health workers during COVID-19 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lulin Zhou
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Mohammadi F, Masoumi SZ, Oshvandi K, Borzou SR, Khodaveisi M, Bashirian S, Bijani M. Healthcare professionals' families' perception of life during COVID-19 in Iran: a qualitative study. Fam Pract 2022; 39:1087-1094. [PMID: 35380165 PMCID: PMC8992355 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The families of healthcare professionals are one of the most vulnerable groups whose lives have been severely damaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, the experiences and perceptions of these individuals have not been explored. The present study aims to investigate the experiences and perceptions of the family members of the healthcare professionals during COVID-19. METHODS The present study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological design. The participants were 25 family members of healthcare professionals which were selected from the medical centres in Iran via purposeful sampling from August 2021 to October 2021. The sampling was kept on until the data became saturated. To collect data, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted online. The Colaizzi approach was used to analyse the data collected. RESULTS The findings of the study emerged as two main themes: psychological tension with five categories (indescribable fear and worry, longing to see their loved ones, patient stone, bitter farewell, fear of the future) and dignity with four categories (acclamation, appreciation, feeling proud, spiritual growth). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, the family members of healthcare professionals have experienced dignity combined with the degrees of psychological tension which were beyond the experiences of the majority of people in the society, but similar to the psychological tension experienced by the families of COVID-19 victims. The families of healthcare workers are continuously anxious about the safety of their loved ones who are responsible to obtain the treatment of COVID-19 patients, which potentially jeopardizes their physical and psychological well-being. Therefore, the appreciation and support of people in the community of the family members of healthcare professionals have increased their tolerance. Healthcare providers can successfully promote the health of healthcare professionals' families by providing comprehensive assistance to healthcare personnel and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Borzou
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khodaveisi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Badrfam R, Qorbani M, Zandifar A. Status of stigma on the health care workers related to COVID-19 at the first wave of the pandemic in Iran: A qualitative study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1045683. [PMID: 36405907 PMCID: PMC9668852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1045683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma can be seen as a mark of disgrace that can lead to the separation of one person from another. In this qualitative study, we assess the status of stigma among in front-line health care workers (HCWs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Subjects and methods The participants were selected from frontline HCWs related to COVID-19 in Imam Ali and Imam Hossein referral hospitals in Alborz province, Iran. Study was conducted between May and June 2020. The 32-item checklist Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was used to report this qualitative study. Interview questions were prepared based on the grounded theory method. The thematic approach was used to analyze the data content. Data analysis was based on open and axial coding and after implementing the codes in MAXQDA software. Results The results of this study included 4 themes, 8 categories and 33 sub-categories. Themes included extrinsic and intrinsic elements of stigma, perplexity and stigma removal requirements. Extrinsic elements included "creating blame and shame" and "discrimination" categories. Intrinsic elements included "the desire to be avoidance," "feeling depressed and frustrated" and "feeling anxious and scared" categories. Perplexity included "feeling loss" category. Stigma removal requirements included "factors causing stigma" and "protective agents against stigma" categories. Conclusion Low public awareness on COVID-19 and inadequate public care, limited personal protective equipment and inadequate facilities for HCWs along with lack of appreciation for their efforts, lack of proper psychiatric/psychological counseling to identify and treat symptoms associated with mental health and the limitations of training to maintain mental health skills are considered to be factors in the formation of stigma among HCWs related to COVID-19. Health policymakers should implement coherent strategies related to increasing public awareness and providing personal protection needs and counseling care for HCWs in relation to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Badrfam
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zandifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Hospital, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Cross-cultural differences and similarities in nurses’ experiences during the early stages of COVID-19 in Korea and the United States: A qualitative descriptive study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2022; 4:100107. [PMID: 36406895 PMCID: PMC9652100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, governmental responses varied worldwide, which resulted in healthcare professionals and organizations having different experiences. As threats of global infectious disease and disasters increase, it is important to examine the collective experiences of nurses to leverage support across international settings and systems and to tailor specific policies to their local nursing workforce. Objective To compare and contrast nurses' experiences working in hospitals at the onset of COVID-19 in South Korea and the United States Method This was a qualitative descriptive study. Nurses in South Korea and the United States were recruited through social media using snowball sampling between April and May 2020. Semi-structured telephone interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated as needed. The transcripts were analyzed thematically, and each theme was compared and synthesized using NVivo 12. Results A total of 43 nurses from South Korea (n = 21) and the United States (n = 22) participated in the study. The majority of the participants were female and working as staff nurses in both countries. The work settings were similar between the participants from two countries. However, the participants in South Korea provided less direct care to patients with COVID-19 compared to the participants in the United States. Despite cultural and infrastructure differences, the nurses shared similar experiences. Conclusion The overlapping similarities of nurses’ experience highlight the need for national and global policies for a safe work environment and psychological well-being. The differences between the two countries also emphasize that specific policies and practice implications for the local contexts are needed in addition to global policies.
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Xiong NN, Fan TT, Leonhart R, Fritzsche K, Liu Q, Luo L, Stein B, Waller C, Huang M, Müller MM. Workplace factors can predict the stress levels of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: First interim results of a multicenter follow-up study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1002927. [PMID: 36388352 PMCID: PMC9663923 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research is lacking on the long-term influence of workplace factors on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We distributed two online surveys to health care workers between May and October 2020 (T1) and between February and April 2021 (T2). Perceived stress, coronavirus-related risks, and workplace factors were measured via self-report questionnaires at both time points. We conducted hierarchical linear regression to investigate the predictive factors for high stress. Results A total of 2,110 participants from seven countries and 4,240 participants from nine countries were enrolled at T1 and T2, respectively. Among them, 612 participated in both surveys. We called this cohort T1 + T2. High stress was reported in 53.8 and 61.6% of participants at T1 and T2, respectively. In cohort T1 + T2, compared with the baseline, the level of stress rose significantly (6.0 ± 2.9 vs. 6.4 ± 3.1), as did health/safety in the workplace (3.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.2 ± 0.7). Unfortunately, we did not detect any significant difference concerning support in the workplace. Among all factors at baseline, being older than 35 [β (95% CI) = -0.92 (-1.45, -0.40)], support [-0.80 (-1.29, -0.32)], and health/safety in the workplace [-0.33 (-0.65, -0.01)] were independent protective factors, while a positive history of mental disorders [0.81 (0.26, 1.37)] and rejection in private life [0.86 (0.48, 1.25)] were risk factors for high stress at T2. Conclusion To relieve the high stress of health care workers, organizational-level approaches should be implemented, especially measures designed to enhance support, health/safety in the workplace, and to reduce the rejection of the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-na Xiong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng-teng Fan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Teng-teng Fan
| | - Rainer Leonhart
- Department for Social Psychology and Methodology, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Fritzsche
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Barbara Stein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mingjin Huang
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Markus M. Müller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany,Social and Organizational Psychology, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
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45
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Hanna E, Martin G, Campbell A, Connolly P, Fearon K, Markham S. Experiences of face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2022; 44:1481-1499. [PMID: 36040759 PMCID: PMC9538649 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of face masks and coverings has been a central component of efforts to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and has been legally mandated in some countries. Most academic studies to date, however, have focussed primarily on its effectiveness in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, largely neglecting the social dimensions of mask mandates. In this narrative interview-based study, we consider experiences of face masks, with a particular focus on groups considered to be at a potential disadvantage from compulsory masking. Drawing on 40 telephone, video-call and e-mail interviews, we highlight the impact of inconsistent communication and the notion of mask wearing as an act of altruism on participants' experiences. In particular, we show how intolerance towards individuals who did not wear masks could result in stigma and exclusion, regardless of the legitimacy of their reasons. We suggest that more is needed to mitigate the 'dark side' of discourses of collective effort and altruism at a time of societal stress and fracture, and to account for the needs and interests of groups for whom compulsory masking may result in further marginalisation.
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46
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Wu H, Karabanow J, Hoddinott T. Building Emergency Response Capacity: Multi-Career-Stage Social Workers' Engagement with Homeless Sector during the First Two Waves of COVID-19 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12713. [PMID: 36232013 PMCID: PMC9566631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic increase of global extreme events (e.g., natural, technological, and willful hazards) propels social workers to be equipped with emergency response capacity, supporting affected individuals, families, and communities to prepare, respond, and recover from disasters. Although social workers have historically been engaged in emergency response, social work curriculum and professional training remain slow to adapt, jeopardizing their capacity to support the vulnerable and marginalized populations, who have always been disproportionately affected by extreme events. In response to this deficit, this article utilizes a critical reflection approach to examine three social workers' (a senior faculty, a junior faculty, and a social work student) interventions and challenges in their emergency response to persons experiencing homelessness (PEHs) during the first two waves of COVID-19 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (March 2020 to March 2021). The cross-career-stage reflections and analyses exhibit these three social workers' COVID-19-specific emergency response efforts: a top-down advocacy effort for social development and policy, a bottom-up cognitive effort to comprehend the community's dynamics, and a disaster-driven self-care effort. These three types of effort demonstrate a greater need for social work education and professional training, to develop more disaster-specific components to contribute to building the emergency response capacity of the next generation of social workers through in-classroom pedagogical enhancement and on-site field education training, better supporting PEHs and other vulnerable and marginalized groups living in the diverse context of extreme events in Canada and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1188
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47
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Almomani MH, Khater WA, Akhu-Zaheya LM, Alloubani A, AlAshram SA, Azab M, Al-malkawi AK. Nurses' Experiences of Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. SAGE OPEN 2022; 12:21582440221144982. [PMID: 36588664 PMCID: PMC9791001 DOI: 10.1177/21582440221144982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences, abilities, and willingness to care for patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A descriptive qualitative study was conducted among 12 nurses working with patients with COVID-19. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from two national hospitals in Jordan. Semi-structured interviews (45-90 minutes each) with open-ended questions were held via Zoom to collect data. Four major themes emerged from the data analysis. The first theme, uncertainty, consisted of two subthemes: new experience and lack of training. The second theme was related to social stigma by society and other staff members. The third theme of front-line fighters consisted of two subthemes: empowering the main health caregiver and community acknowledgment. The fourth theme was related to challenges and consisted of two subthemes: physical and psychological challenges. At the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19, the nurses had experienced a lack of certainty, physical and psychological challenges, and social stigmatization, which had negatively affected their willingness and ability to fight the outbreak. However, the nurses reported growing professionally and psychologically with time and becoming more knowledgeable, skillful, powerful, and confident care providers during the pandemic. Being able to fulfill their responsibilities and being acknowledged by others gave the nurses a sense of achievement. Early education and training about COVID-19, clear infection control protocols and guidelines, psychological counseling, and adequate social support are essential steps for enhancing nurses' mental well-being and willingness and ability to fight COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa H. Almomani
- Department of Adult Health Nursing,
Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wejdan A. Khater
- Department of Adult Health Nursing,
Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Laila M. Akhu-Zaheya
- Department of Adult Health Nursing,
Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Safa A. AlAshram
- Specialization Records Department,
Jordanian Nursing Council, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Azab
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences,
Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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48
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Li Y, Abbas Q, Manthar S, Hameed A, Asad Z. Fear of COVID-19 and secondary trauma: Moderating role of self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838451. [PMID: 36160588 PMCID: PMC9490413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people around the globe. People's mental health, especially those of nurses, has been primarily affected by the fear of this virus. More focus has been paid to vaccination and treatment of the virus, but less attestation has been given to addressing the mental health of people affected by the virus. Empirical studies show that different external factors are not easily manageable and controllable by the individual. This study preliminarily explores the connection between fear of COVID-19 and secondary traumatic stress in nurses. Further, it examines the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and secondary traumatic stress. Data for the study was collected from the nurses of six large hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The final analysis was performed on 243 samples. Studies on COVID-19 suggest that increased occupational self-efficacy decreases fear and its impact. This study offers insights for managers to develop stress management programs and provide proper training and counseling sessions to the nurses to motivate them emotionally. Theoretically, this study broadens the understanding of the theory of emotions by using the pandemic as a stressor. Future studies may explore different roles of occupational self-efficacy and study its influential role in managing different kinds of emotions explained by the theory of emotions. Managers at the workplace could design different self-efficacy training for nurses to increase their self-motivation to fight different types of stress they face at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahjehan Manthar
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Hameed
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Asad
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
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49
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Hung WL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of Police Officers' COVID-19 Fear, Resistance to Organizational Change Effect on Emotional Exhaustion and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10374. [PMID: 36012009 PMCID: PMC9408193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, COVID-19 has continued to spread around the world. The police have performed various epidemic prevention and routine duties. This study explores how police officers' COVID-19 fear, resistance to organizational change, intolerance of uncertainty, and secondary trauma affect emotional exhaustion and insomnia in the context of COVID-19. A total of 205 valid police samples were collected in this study, and the established hypotheses were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study confirmed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, secondary trauma of police officers positively affects emotional exhaustion and insomnia; intolerance of uncertainty positively affects emotional exhaustion; resistance to organizational change positively affects intolerance of uncertainty and emotional exhaustion; intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relationship between resistance to organizational change and emotional exhaustion; COVID-19 fear positively influences secondary trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Hung
- Department of Criminal Justice, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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50
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Aparicio Betancourt M, Duarte-Díaz A, Vall-Roqué H, Seils L, Orrego C, Perestelo-Pérez L, Barrio-Cortes J, Beca-Martínez MT, Molina Serrano A, Bermejo-Caja CJ, González-González AI. Global Healthcare Needs Related to COVID-19: An Evidence Map of the First Year of the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10332. [PMID: 36011970 PMCID: PMC9408445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed gaps and areas of need in health systems worldwide. This work aims to map the evidence on COVID-19-related healthcare needs of adult patients, their family members, and the professionals involved in their care during the first year of the pandemic. We searched the databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed full texts for eligibility. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Descriptive data were extracted and inductive qualitative content analysis was used to generate codes and derive overarching themes. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria, with the majority reporting needs from the perspective of professionals (35/36). Professionals' needs were grouped into three main clusters (basic, occupational, and psycho-socio-emotional needs); patients' needs into four (basic, healthcare, psycho-socio-emotional, and other support needs); and family members' needs into two (psycho-socio-emotional and communication needs). Transversal needs across subgroups were also identified and grouped into three main clusters (public safety, information and communication, and coordination and support needs). This evidence map provides valuable insight on COVID-19-related healthcare needs. More research is needed to assess first-person perspectives of patients and their families, examine whether needs differ by country or region, and evaluate how needs have evolved over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aparicio Betancourt
- Avedis Donabedian Research Institute (FAD), 08037 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Duarte-Díaz
- Canary Islands Health Research Institute Foundation (FIISC), 38109 El Rosario, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Vall-Roqué
- Avedis Donabedian Research Institute (FAD), 08037 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Seils
- Avedis Donabedian Research Institute (FAD), 08037 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carola Orrego
- Avedis Donabedian Research Institute (FAD), 08037 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lilisbeth Perestelo-Pérez
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Evaluation Unit (SESCS), Canary Islands Health Service (SCS), 38109 El Rosario, Spain
| | - Jaime Barrio-Cortes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria en Atención Primaria, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Jesús Bermejo-Caja
- Unidad de Apoyo Técnico Dirección Técnica de Sistemas de información, Gerencia Asistencial Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, 28035 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel González-González
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Innovación y Proyectos Internacionales, Dirección General de Investigación, Docencia y Documentación, Consejería de Sanidad, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
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