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Kumar GP, Thangavelu RB. Postural analysis and ergonomic intervention of unorganized workers in indian construction sectors. Work 2024:WOR220557. [PMID: 39269876 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India's fast-growing economy, the construction sector offers significant developments with huge employment opportunities but poses risks due to poor working environments and uncomfortable postures. Traditional methods, such as manual material handling, can lead to health hazards and musculoskeletal disorders such as overexertion, low back pain, etc. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the working postures of unorganized employees engaged in residential buildings using Ergofellow software and to recommend changes in their unsafe working postures. METHODS Participants' working positions were video recorded and the postures were analyzed using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS). Paired sample t-tests were used to analyze significant differences between the RULA and REBA scores after the ergonomic interventions were implemented. RESULTS From the analysis of RULA, REBA and OWAS, the working postures showed a high risk of potential injury and required an immediate change in employees' working postures. The RULA and REBA scores were subsequently lower after the ergonomic interventions, which were based on ergonomic and safety principles. The paired sample t-tests with p-values of less than 0.05 demonstrated decreased risks after ergonomic interventions. CONCLUSION Working postures of the construction workers exposed to musculoskeletal disorders were examined and the ergonomic interventions were implemented. According to the recommendations, working positions were changed, and employee well-being was enhanced by reduced operational risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru Prakash Kumar
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Babu Thangavelu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Aka A, Mollo LG, Salisu OI, Awuzie B. Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for mitigating fatigue among construction workers in Abuja, Nigeria: a quantitative analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:872-881. [PMID: 39158321 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2359228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the menaces that contribute to the rising number of construction-related accidents and fatalities in projects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify several strategies that can be adopted to mitigate fatigue in construction projects. This was achieved through a quantitative study. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection in the quantitative study. The study revealed that frustration/depression or work pressure is one of the significant causes of fatigue in construction projects. Fatigue risk management education and bonding among workers are some of the underlying strategies that can be used to mitigate the identified causes. Depending on the nature of the fatigue causative elements, the study further established that some mitigation strategies are more effective than others. Therefore, further studies should be conducted by prospective researchers on a range of attributes that may influence the success of fatigue mitigation strategies in construction projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adefemi Aka
- Department of Building, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria
| | - Lesiba George Mollo
- Department of Built Environment, Central University of Technology, South Africa
| | - Olusegun Idris Salisu
- Department of Building Technology Education, Federal College of Technology (Technical), Nigeria
| | - Bankole Awuzie
- Department of Built Environment, Central University of Technology, South Africa
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, KO Mbadiwe University, Nigeria
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Upadhyay R, Kumar A, Bhattacherjee A, Patra AK, Chau N. Reducing musculoskeletal disorders in iron ore mine operators: A fuzzy-based intervention approach. Work 2024; 78:131-152. [PMID: 38517835 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on evaluating the exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and association of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) with various risk factors among dumper operators in the mining industry. Despite the issue's significance, prior research has been limited. OBJECTIVE The study introduces a novel fuzzy-based approach for identifying, selecting, and prioritizing safety measures to mitigate MSD risks. METHODS Data collection comprised face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scoring for posture assessment, and the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire for assessment of MSD prevalence. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the contributing risk factors to MSDs and WBV exposure. These risk factors formed the basis for a practical approach to select appropriate safety measures based on fuzzy based aggregation method of expert's judgment aimed at mitigating the risk of MSDs. RESULTS The results revealed that the risk factors such as poor work posture, WBV exposure and poor seat design were significantly associated with neck (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 4.81), upper limb and shoulder (aOR = 3.28), upper back (aOR = 5.09), and lower back pain (aOR = 3.67) at p < 0.05. Using these factors to formulate safety measures to reduce MSD risk, the minimization of sharp turns and abrupt changes in elevation in designing the haul roads, scheduled maintenance practices, and ergonomic seat design were found as important safety measures in this study. CONCLUSION Our unique methodological approach in occupational health research could be highly beneficial for tailoring safety measures at the unit level with minimal effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhyay
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ashis Bhattacherjee
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Patra
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Nearkasen Chau
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Paris, France
- University Paris-Sud and University Paris Descartes, UMR, Paris, France
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Soares D, Abbady K, Kasap S, Shabanliyski D. Simulation analysis of low back forces in Snatch and Clean & Jerk movements via digital human modelling. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:697-706. [PMID: 38160337 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-230181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weightlifting is an Olympic sport for dynamic strength and power, and requires the execution of different lifting techniques It is important to analyze the forces subjected to the lower back during weightlifting movements to prevent injuries. Digital Human Modeling (DHM) is a powerful tool that can be used to analyze and optimize the performance of humans while doing their work or activities. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to present a simulation analysis of the lower back forces during the execution of two weightlifting techniques: Snatch (SN) and Clean & Jerk (CJ), with different loads and for both genders. METHODS Digital Human modelling through JACK simulation package was used analyze the forces exerted on the lumbosacral area (L5-S1) of the lower back in order to determine the risk for low back injuries. The level of compression and shear forces recommended by the literature have been set as thresholds. The simulaitons were performed in male and female models, with loads from 20-100 kg. RESULTS The results show that any weight higher than 60 kg in both movements poses risk for the weightlifters in terms of compression and shear forces. It has been observed that weightlifters can lift greater loads in the CJ technique compared to the SN technique. Furthermore, females are able to lift higher loads with lower risk of injuries. CONCLUSION Weightlifting is a high-risk activity due to the high levels of shear and compression forces that the body is exposed to during the lifting techniques. Digital Human Modeling holds significant value due to their ability to facilitate the exploration of diverse conditions within a safe environment, devoid of any potential harm to human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Soares
- Liberal Arts Department, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Karim Abbady
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Suat Kasap
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
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Hailu Tesfaye A, Desye B, Engdaw GT. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070746. [PMID: 37474194 PMCID: PMC10360433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses in Northwestern Ethiopia. DESIGN A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022. The data were collected using a validated and standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using Stata V.14. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the significance of associations at p<0.05 and the adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI. SETTING The study was conducted in small-scale businesses in the North Gondar Zone. PARTICIPANTS A total of 618 cashiers participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of the study is the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which was measured using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. RESULTS The response rate was 97.5% (N=618). The majority (373; 60.4%) of the study participants were female. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 30 (±8.3) years. The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders during the last 12 months was found to be 75.4% (n=466) (95% CI 71.8%, 78.8%). Marital status (married) (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.26, 3.56), lack of physical exercise (AOR=2.07; 95% CI 1.32, 3.23), alcohol consumption (AOR=3.55; 95% CI 2.18, 5.78) and awkward work posture (AOR=2.40; 95% CI 1.43, 4.0) were significant factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sampled cashiers. CONCLUSION This study concluded that the overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was high among cashiers in small-scale businesses. Being married, a lack of physical exercise, alcohol consumption and awkward work posture were significant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders, it is recommended taking part in physical activity, avoiding alcohol consumption and avoiding awkward work posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Desye
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Garedew Tadege Engdaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lee YC, Hong X, Man SS. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Symptoms among Construction Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in South China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4653. [PMID: 36901662 PMCID: PMC10002187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Statistics showed that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the leading cause of productivity loss in the construction industry. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and associated factors among construction workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 construction workers in Guangdong Province, China. A demographic, work-related survey and the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire were used to collect the workers' data. Descriptive statists and logistic regression were used for the data analysis. The results showed that the overall prevalence of WMSDs symptoms among the participants in any body region during the last 12 months was 57.9%. Neck (24.7%), shoulder (22.1%), upper back (13.4%), and lower back (12.6%) showed the highest prevalence of WMSDs. Age, exercise, work experience, work position, and level of fatigue after work were significantly associated with the prevalence of WMSDs symptoms in different body regions. The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of WMSDs symptoms among construction workers in south China is still high and is associated with different body areas compared to previous studies. The prevalence of WMSDs and risk-associated factors vary by country and region. This indicates that further local investigations are needed to propose specific solutions to improve the occupational health of construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Lee
- College of Management and Design, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
| | - Xinye Hong
- School of Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siu Shing Man
- School of Design, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Gattamelata D, Fargnoli M. Development of a New Procedure for Evaluating Working Postures: An Application in a Manufacturing Company. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15423. [PMID: 36430142 PMCID: PMC9696528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases represent a constant phenomenon in occupational health and safety (OHS) despite the large effort at governmental and technical levels. In the industrial context, numerous studies have dealt with the evaluation of the physical demand of workers. Moreover, numerous studies have investigated the problem, providing tools for ergonomics analysis. However, practical approaches aimed at integrating ergonomics issues in risk assessment activities are still scarce. To reduce such a gap, the current study proposes a procedure for the evaluation of the static working postures of workers to be included in the risk assessment activities. Such an approach is based on the ISO 11226 standard, providing a practical checklist that can be used both at the workstation's design stage and during risk assessment activities. Its effectiveness was verified through a case study at a manufacturing company. The results achieved showed that as well as the non-conformity of the workstations' design, the lack of training of the operators on how to maintain a neutral posture while working can also lead to awkward postures of the trunk and head. Additionally, the proposed methodology allowed us to verify the correctness of each workstation based on the physical characteristics of the workers, providing a useful guideline for the company managers on how to properly assign working tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gattamelata
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fargnoli
- Engineering Department, Universitas Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei 10, 00186 Rome, Italy
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Ojukwu CP, Okpoko CG, Ikele IT, Ilo IJ, Ede SS, Anekwu NE, Okemuo AJ, Anekwu EM, Ugwu SU, Ikele CN. Neck Muscles' Responses to Cradle, Cross-cradle and Football Breastfeeding Hold Positions in Nursing Mothers: A Preliminary Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:563-568. [PMID: 35593596 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_630_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Breastfeeding-related Neck Pain (BFNP) is prevalent in nursing mothers and cuts across the utilization of different breastfeeding (BF) hold positions. Biomechanical considerations to highlight ergonomically safe BF positions for the prevention of BFNP have not been previously studied. Aim This study was designed to compare the electrical activities of selected neck muscles across three breastfeeding hold positions [cradle (C1), cross-cradle (C2), and football (FB)]. Materials and Method Surface electromyographic analyses of four neck muscles (right and left components of each trapezius and sternocleidomastoid) were performed respectively during three BF trials with different BF hold positions (C1, C2, and FB) in 22 nursing mothers. For all the trials, the mothers nursed from the left breast. Results Across the three BF trials, the electrical activities of each of the neck muscles did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the left muscular components showed predominantly higher activities, as compared to their right components. Conclusion The breastfeeding hold position adopted during BF tasks may not be a determinant of BFNP in nursing mothers. Further studies to ascertain the biomechanical implications of the utilized BF holds are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ojukwu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - C G Okpoko
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - I T Ikele
- Department of Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - I J Ilo
- Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - S S Ede
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - N E Anekwu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - A J Okemuo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - E M Anekwu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - S U Ugwu
- Department of Medical Physiology in College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - C N Ikele
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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Muşat EC, Borz SA. Learning from Acceleration Data to Differentiate the Posture, Dynamic and Static Work of the Back: An Experimental Setup. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050916. [PMID: 35628053 PMCID: PMC9140631 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on body posture, postural change, and dynamic and static work is essential in understanding biomechanical exposure and has many applications in ergonomics and healthcare. This study aimed at evaluating the possibility of using triaxial acceleration data to classify postures and to differentiate between dynamic and static work of the back in an experimental setup, based on a machine learning (ML) approach. A movement protocol was designed to cover the essential degrees of freedom of the back, and a subject wearing a triaxial accelerometer implemented this protocol. Impulses and oscillations from the signals were removed by median filtering, then the filtered dataset was fed into two ML algorithms, namely a multilayer perceptron with back propagation (MLPBNN) and a random forest (RF), with the aim of inferring the most suitable algorithm and architecture for detecting dynamic and static work, as well as for correctly classifying the postures of the back. Then, training and testing subsets were delimitated and used to evaluate the learning and generalization ability of the ML algorithms for the same classification problems. The results indicate that ML has a lot of potential in differentiating between dynamic and static work, depending on the type of algorithm and its architecture, and the data quantity and quality. In particular, MLPBNN can be used to better differentiate between dynamic and static work when tuned properly. In addition, static work and the associated postures were better learned and generalized by the MLPBNN, a fact that could provide the basis for cheap real-world offline applications with the aim of getting time-scaled postural profiling data by accounting for the static postures. Although it wasn’t the case in this study, on bigger datasets, the use of MLPBPNN may come at the expense of high computational costs in the training phase. The study also discusses the factors that may improve the classification performance in the testing phase and sets new directions of research.
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Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Aluminum Form Workers’ Musculoskeletal Disorder at Construction Workstations Using Simulation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes an existing scenario of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) associated with the ergonomic hazard of the aluminum formwork workstation and its workers. Aluminum form-workers have increasing evidence of MSDs from repetitive tasks such as the adjustment, alignment of pins, pulling, pushing, and installation of panels, because of the cumulative exposure to ergonomic risks. Existing research indicates that this is due to insufficient expertise, form-worker awareness, and a complex construction plan. Using the Tecnomatix process simulate, this study aims to identify awkward postures during the process of lifting, assembling, and installing formwork to quantify MSDs and assess the ergonomic risk of aluminum form-workers and provide simple solutions. This simulation method makes use of input data from a random sample of 92 participants retrieved from four construction sites. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS) scores, and Energy Expenditure Rate (EER) for three identified awkward cases were determined to be unsatisfactory, unsafe, and acceptable with suggested alternatives. The ergonomic scores correspond to various bodily stresses, allowing workers to better understand which body parts experience major stress when performing manual jobs. The suggested integrated preventive ergonomics system reduces MSDs and improves how people interact with their surroundings.
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Technology and Management for Sustainable Buildings and Infrastructures. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to a report published in 2019 by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the building sector accounts for 38% of all energy-related CO2 emissions when adding building construction industry emissions. [...]
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Stefana E, Marciano F, Rossi D, Cocca P, Tomasoni G. Wearable Devices for Ergonomics: A Systematic Literature Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:777. [PMID: 33498904 PMCID: PMC7865302 DOI: 10.3390/s21030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wearable devices are pervasive solutions for increasing work efficiency, improving workers' well-being, and creating interactions between users and the environment anytime and anywhere. Although several studies on their use in various fields have been performed, there are no systematic reviews on their utilisation in ergonomics. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to identify wearable devices proposed in the scientific literature for ergonomic purposes and analyse how they can support the improvement of ergonomic conditions. Twenty-eight papers were retrieved and analysed thanks to eleven comparison dimensions related to ergonomic factors, purposes, and criteria, populations, application and validation. The majority of the available devices are sensor systems composed of different types and numbers of sensors located in diverse body parts. These solutions also represent the technology most frequently employed for monitoring and reducing the risk of awkward postures. In addition, smartwatches, body-mounted smartphones, insole pressure systems, and vibrotactile feedback interfaces have been developed for evaluating and/or controlling physical loads or postures. The main results and the defined framework of analysis provide an overview of the state of the art of smart wearables in ergonomics, support the selection of the most suitable ones in industrial and non-industrial settings, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stefana
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (P.C.); (G.T.)
| | | | - Diana Rossi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.M.); (P.C.); (G.T.)
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