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Liu B, Ahnemann H, Arlotti D, Huyghebaert B, Cuperus F, Tebbe CC. Impact of diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies on soil microbial abundance and functional potentials for nitrogen cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172954. [PMID: 38723956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies were proposed to enhance the abundance and diversity of the soil microbiome, thereby stabilizing their beneficial services for maintaining soil fertility and supporting plant growth. Here, we assessed across three different long-term field experiments in Europe (Netherlands, Belgium, Northern Germany) whether diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies also affect their functional gene abundance. Soil DNA was analyzed by quantitative PCR for quantifying bacteria, archaea and fungi as well as functional genes related to nitrogen (N) transformations; including bacterial and archaeal nitrification (amoA-bac,arch), three steps of the denitrification process (nirK, nirS and nosZ-cladeI,II) and N2 assimilation (nifH), respectively. Crop diversification and fertilization strategies generally enhanced soil total carbon (C), N and microbial abundance, but with variation between sites. Overall effects of diversified cropping systems and fertilization strategies on functional genes were much stronger than on the abundance of bacteria, archaea and fungi. The legume-based cropping systems showed great potential not only in stimulating the growth of N-fixing microorganisms but also in boosting downstream functional potentials for N cycling. The sorghum-based intercropping system suppressed soil ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes. N fertilization reduced the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers except for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, while the application of the synthetic nitrification inhibitor DMPP combined with mineral N reduced growth of both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a strong impact of diversified agricultural practices on the soil microbiome and their functional potentials mediating N transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hauke Ahnemann
- Chamber of Agriculture, Lower Saxony, Vor dem Zoll 2, D-31582 Nienburg, Germany
| | - Donatienne Arlotti
- Walloon agricultural Research Centre; Soil, water and integrated production Unit, 4, rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bruno Huyghebaert
- Walloon agricultural Research Centre; Soil, water and integrated production Unit, 4, rue du Bordia, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fogelina Cuperus
- Wageningen University & Research, Edelhertweg 1, NL-8219 PH Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Christoph C Tebbe
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Zhang H, Wang L, Fu W, Xu C, Zhang H, Xu X, Ma H, Wang J, Zhang Y. Soil Acidification Can Be Improved under Different Long-Term Fertilization Regimes in a Sweetpotato-Wheat Rotation System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1740. [PMID: 38999580 PMCID: PMC11243739 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil acidification is a significant form of agricultural soil degradation, which is accelerated by irrational fertilizer application. Sweetpotato and wheat rotation has emerged as an important rotation system and an effective strategy to optimize nutrient cycling and enhance soil fertility in hilly areas, which is also a good option to improve soil acidification and raise soil quality. Studying the effects of different fertilization regimes on soil acidification provides crucial data for managing it effectively. An eight-year field experiment explored seven fertilizer treatments: without fertilization (CK), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization (PK), nitrogen (N) and K fertilization (NK), NP fertilization (NP), NP with K chloride fertilization (NPK1), NP with K sulfate fertilization (NPK2), and NPK combined with organic fertilization (NPKM). This study focused on the soil acidity, buffering capacity, and related indicators. After eight years of continuous fertilization in the sweetpotato-wheat rotation, all the treatments accelerated the soil acidification. Notably, N fertilization reduced the soil pH by 1.30-1.84, whereas N-deficient soil showed minimal change. Organic fertilizer addition resulted in the slowest pH reduction among the N treatments. Both N-deficient (PK) and organic fertilizer addition (NPKM) significantly increased the soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 8.83% and 6.55%, respectively, compared to CK. Similar trends were observed for the soil-buffering capacity (pHBC). NPK2 increased the soil K+ content more effectively than NPK1. NPKM reduced the sodium and magnesium content compared to CK, with the highest magnesium content among the treatments at 1.60 cmol·kg-1. Regression tree analysis identified the N input and soil magnesium and calcium content as the primary factors influencing the pHBC changes. Structural equation modeling showed that the soil pH is mainly influenced by the soil ammonium N content and pHBC, with coefficients of -0.28 and 0.29, respectively. Changes in the soil pH in the sweetpotato-wheat rotation were primarily associated with the pHBC and N input, where the CEC content emerged as the main factor, modulated by magnesium and calcium. Long-term organic fertilization enhances the soil pHBC and CEC, slowing the magnesium reduction and mitigating soil acidification in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cong Xu
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianju Xu
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongchun Zhang
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Gao C, Lan Y, Zhan Y, Li Y, Jiang J, Li Y, Zhang L, Fan X. Preparation of porous biochar from fusarium wilt-infected banana straw for remediation of cadmium pollution in water bodies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13821. [PMID: 38879683 PMCID: PMC11180127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The problem of cadmium pollution and its control is becoming increasingly severe issue in the world. Banana straw is an abundant bio raw material, but its burning or discarding in field not only causes pollution but also spreads fusarium wilt. The objective of this paper is to utilize biochar derived from the wilt-infected banana straw for remediation of Cd(II) pollution while to eliminate the pathogen. The activity of wilt pathogen in biochar was determined by PDA petri dish test. The Cd(II) adsorption of the biochar was determined by batch adsorption experiments. The effects of KOH concentration (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 M) on the physicochemical characteristics of the biochar were also observed by BET, SEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. Results showed that pristine banana straw biochar (PBBC) did not harbor any pathogen. The specific surface area (SSA) and Cd(II) adsorption capacity of 0.75 M KOH modified banana straw biochar (MBBC0.75M) were increased by 247.2% and 46.1% compared to that of PBBC, respectively. Cd(II) adsorption by MBBC0.75M was suitable to be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm. After Cd(II) adsorption, the CdCO3 were confirmed by XRD and observed through SEM. The weakness and shift of oxygen-containing functional groups in MBBC0.75M after Cd(II) adsorption implied that those groups were complexed with Cd(II). The results showed that pyrolysis could not only eliminate banana fusarium wilt, but also prepare porous biochar with the wilt-infected banana straw. The porous biochar possessed the potential to adsorb Cd(II) pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Gao
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
| | - Yi Lan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
| | - Yaowei Zhan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
| | - Yuechen Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
| | - Jiaquan Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
| | - Yuanqiong Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China.
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China.
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Low Carbon Agricultural Green Inputs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China.
- R&D Center of Environmental Friendly Fertilizer Science and Technology of Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, 510642, China.
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Wong CA, Lobell DB, Mauter MS. Multicriteria Suitability Index for Prioritizing Early-Stage Deployments of Wastewater-Derived Fertilizers in Sub-Saharan Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17588-17597. [PMID: 37909918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Recycling nutrients from wastewater could simultaneously decrease the carbon intensity of traditional ammonia supply chains and increase the accessibility of local fertilizer. Despite the theoretical potential, techno-economic viability of wastewater nutrient recovery in sub-Saharan Africa has been poorly characterized at subnational scales. This work proposes a multicriteria suitability index to describe techno-economic viability of wastewater-derived fertilizer technologies with district-scale resolution. This index, with a range from 0 to 1 (highest suitability), incorporates key drivers, including population density, soil conditions, sanitation levels, and fertilizer prices. We found that suitability varies widely within and across countries in sub-Saharan Africa and that the primary limiting factor is the absence of sanitation infrastructure. Regions with a minimum of 10% cropland area and a suitability index of at least 0.9 were identified as highly suitable target regions for initial deployment. While they comprise only 1% of the analyzed area, these regions are home to 39 million people and contain up to 3.7 million hectares of cropland. Wastewater-derived fertilizer technologies could deliver an average of 25 kg of nitrogen per hectare of cropland, generating additional food equivalent to the annual consumption of 6 million people. Screening for high suitability can inform selection of effective lighthouse demonstration sites that derisk technology deployment and promote the transition to a more circular nutrient economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corisa A Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David B Lobell
- Department of Earth System Science, Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Meagan S Mauter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Maneeboon T, Sangchote S, Hongprayoon R, Chuaysrinule C, Mahakarnchanakul W. Occurrence of Heat-Resistant Mold Ascospores in Pineapple and Sugarcane Field Soils in Thailand. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:8347560. [PMID: 37546548 PMCID: PMC10400301 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8347560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-resistant molds (HRMs) are important spoilage fungi of heat-processed fruit products worldwide. Ascospores of HRMs are widely distributed in the soil in which fruits are grown and are often found associated with raw fruit materials. To date, there is little available information on the distribution of HRMs in the soil and on their heat resistance. Thus, this study determined the presence and characterized the heat resistance of HRMs in soil samples from pineapple and sugarcane fields in Thailand. HRMs were detected in all soil samples, and the most dominant species was Aspergillus with 50-99.2% relative abundance. Other isolates, in descending order of frequency, were Penicillium, Talaromyces, Hamigera, and Paecilomyces. Then, 100 representative HRM isolates were identified based on a combination of morphological characteristics and ITS sequences. They were classified into 5 genera and 24 species. The heat resistance of ascospores aged 30 days produced by selected HRMs was qualitatively determined in a glucose-buffered solution. Based on their log reductions after heat shock at 75°C for 30 min, they were classified as less, moderately, or highly heat-resistant ascospores. HRMs belonging to A. chevalieri, A. denticulatus, A. siamensis, A. laciniosus, A. fennelliae, A. spinosus, Paec. niveus, H. pallida, and T. macrosporus produced high heat-resistant ascospores. In addition, soil physicochemical properties significantly influenced the prevalence of HRMs, depending on the fungal genus. The thermal resistance of ascospores was significantly and positively correlated to available phosphorus, whereas it was negatively correlated to soil pH. The results of this study confirmed the presence of HRMs in soils and potential HRM contamination, especially in fruits growing in acidic or high-nutrient soils, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapoom Maneeboon
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Scientific Equipment and Research Division, Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Somsiri Sangchote
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ratchanee Hongprayoon
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Chananya Chuaysrinule
- Scientific Equipment and Research Division, Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Warapa Mahakarnchanakul
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Wang Y, Niu G, Wang R, Rousk K, Li A, Hasi M, Wang C, Xue J, Yang G, Lü X, Jiang Y, Han X, Huang J. Enhanced foliar 15 N enrichment with increasing nitrogen addition rates: Role of plant species and nitrogen compounds. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1591-1605. [PMID: 36515451 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining the abundance of N isotope (δ15 N) in natural environments is a simple but powerful method for providing integrated information on the N cycling dynamics and status in an ecosystem under exogenous N inputs. However, whether the input of different N compounds could differently impact plant growth and their 15 N signatures remains unclear. Here, the response of 15 N signatures and growth of three dominant plants (Leymus chinensis, Carex duriuscula, and Thermopsis lanceolata) to the addition of three N compounds (NH4 HCO3 , urea, and NH4 NO3 ) at multiple N addition rates were assessed in a meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia. The three plants showed different initial foliar δ15 N values because of differences in their N acquisition strategies. Particularly, T. lanceolata (N2 -fixing species) showed significantly lower 15 N signatures than L. chinensis (associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF]) and C. duriuscula (associated with AMF). Moreover, the foliar δ15 N of all three species increased with increasing N addition rates, with a sharp increase above an N addition rate of ~10 g N m-2 year-1 . Foliar δ15 N values were significantly higher when NH4 HCO3 and urea were added than when NH4 NO3 was added, suggesting that adding weakly acidifying N compounds could result in a more open N cycle. Overall, our results imply that assessing the N transformation processes in the context of increasing global N deposition necessitates the consideration of N deposition rates, forms of the deposited N compounds, and N utilization strategies of the co-existing plant species in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guoxiang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muqier Hasi
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- Grassland College, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, China
| | - Jianguo Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojiao Yang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaotao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pavlů L, Poetsch EM, Pavlů VV, Titěra J, Hejcman M, Gaisler J, Hopkins A. The Admont Grassland Experiment: 70 years of fertilizer application and its effects on soil and vegetation properties in an alluvial meadow managed under a three-cut regime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152081. [PMID: 34863738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer application is a widely used management technique for increasing forage production from agricultural grassland. Fertilization is also a key driver of changes in soil nutrient status and plant species composition of grassland as shown in many short-term studies. Results from long-term experiments can further improve understanding of plant-soil relationships and help with management recommendations for agricultural and environmental outcomes. We collected data from a long-term experiment on alluvial meadow (Admont Grassland Experiment, Austria; established 1946) with 24 fertilization treatments managed under a three-cut regime. Soil sampling in autumn 2015 and vegetation sampling in spring 2016 were conducted in seven selected treatments. Combinations of N (nitrogen 80 kg ha-1), P (phosphorus 35 kg ha-1) and K (potassium 100 kg ha-1) were applied annually and compared with a non-fertilized control. Treatments were: Control, N, P, K, NP, NK, PK and NPK fertilization. Long-term different fertilization affected soil pH and nutrient concentrations in the soil and plant species composition, but no significant effects on species richness were found. Short species (<0.5 m height) prevailed in all treatments regardless of nutrient application, probably as a result of the three-cut defoliation. The dry matter biomass (DMB) yield in the Control was limited by N and P and synergisticly co-limited by N, P and K, and DMB yields of more than 5 t ha-1 per year were achieved under nutrient combinations containing P (NP, PK, NPK) without loss of species richness. Results from the Admont Grassland Experiment show that the tested nutrient combinations significantly increased DMB yield and changed the species composition, but without significant effects on species richness. Long-term biomass yields of more than 5 t ha-1 DMB per year can be achieved with any nutrient combination containing P without loss species richness in an alluvial meadow managed under a three-cut regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Pavlů
- Department of Weeds and Vegetation of Agroecosystems, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Crop Research Institute, Rolnická 6, CZ 460 01 Liberec, Czechia
| | - Erich M Poetsch
- Federal Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, 8952 Irdning, Austria
| | - Vilém V Pavlů
- Department of Weeds and Vegetation of Agroecosystems, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Crop Research Institute, Rolnická 6, CZ 460 01 Liberec, Czechia; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czechia.
| | - Jan Titěra
- Department of Weeds and Vegetation of Agroecosystems, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Crop Research Institute, Rolnická 6, CZ 460 01 Liberec, Czechia; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Michal Hejcman
- Department of Weeds and Vegetation of Agroecosystems, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Crop Research Institute, Rolnická 6, CZ 460 01 Liberec, Czechia; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, CZ 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Jan Gaisler
- Department of Weeds and Vegetation of Agroecosystems, Grassland Research Station Liberec, Crop Research Institute, Rolnická 6, CZ 460 01 Liberec, Czechia
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Kuzin A, Solovchenko A. Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122624. [PMID: 34961094 PMCID: PMC8706047 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
K (K) is of paramount importance for apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), not only for tree growth and development but also for the size and quality of fruit yield. The apple plant's demand for K varies, along with the progression of phenological phases, during the growing season. The K demand peaks during ripening of fruits featuring relatively high concentration of K comparable to that of the leaves. The mainstream method of apple tree K fertilization is through application of the fertilizer to the soils to improve K uptake by the roots. The bioavailability of K depends on assorted various factors, including pH, interaction with other nutrients in soil solution, temperature, and humidity. An important role in making the K from soil available for uptake by plants is played by plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), and the specific role of the PGPM is discussed. Advantages of fertigation (the combination of irrigation and fertilization) as an approach include allowing to balance application rate of K fertilizer against its variable demand by plants during the growing season. Excess K in the soil leads to competitive inhibition of calcium uptake by plants. The K-dependent deficiency of Ca leads to its predominant channeling to the leaves and hence to its decline in fruits. Consequently, the apple fruits affected by the K/Ca imbalance frequently develop physiological disorders in storage. This emphasizes the importance of the balanced K application, especially during the last months of the growing season, depending on the crop load and the actual K demand. The potential use of modern approaches to automated crop load estimation through machine vision for adjustment of K fertilization is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Kuzin
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774 Michurinsk, Russia;
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774 Michurinsk, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia
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Is soil management system really important? comparison of microbial community diversity and structure in soils managed under organic and conventional regimes with some view on soil properties. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256969. [PMID: 34499697 PMCID: PMC8428661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fertility and productive value of soil are closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil as well as its biological activity. This activity is related to the intensity of microbially catalysed processes of transformation of organic and mineral substances contained in the soil. These processes are closely correlated with the abundance and biodiversity of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria, and the activity of enzymes produced by them. In this article we have compared some physicochemical properties of soil derived from conventional and organic farms and microbial communities inhabiting these ecosystems. We aim to investigate whether the soil management regime affects the abundance and diversity of these environments in terms of bacteria. Some differences in microbial communities were observed, but the rhizosphere of plants from organic and conventional soils does not harbour separate microbiomes. Albeit, the method of fertilization influences the diversity of soil microorganisms. A greater diversity of bacteria was observed in soils from farms where organic fertilizers were applied. Soil pH and activity of some soil enzymes were also shown to differ between organic and conventional soil cropping systems.
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Effects of Supplement Irrigation and Nitrogen Application Levels on Soil Carbon–Nitrogen Content and Yield of One-Year Double Cropping Maize in Subtropical Region. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate irrigation conditions and nitrogen application can negatively affect soil carbon–nitrogen content and yield of maize, as well as can lead to underground water pollution and soil degradation. A two year (2018, 2019) field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of irrigation and N, alone and in combination on maize grain yield, grain nitrogen content, soil inorganic N and MBC of one-year double cropping maize (Zea mays L.) in a subtropical region. Split plot design was adopted, with main plots consisting of two water regimes: drip irrigation (drip irrigation to keep soil water content no less than 70% of maximum field capacity) and rainfed (no irrigation during growing period). Split-plot treatments consisted of five nitrogen application levels, including 0 (N0), 150 (N150), 200 (N200), 250 (N250), and 300 kg/ha (N300). The results of two-year field experiment showed that soil irrigation nitrogen interaction had a significant influence on the all measured parameters. In detail, soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N content, total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) and grain nitrogen contents under the combined treatment of N250 and supplementary irrigation were higher relative to other treatments. Compared with rainfed, maize yield, thousand grains weight (TGW) and harvest index increased by 22.0%, 7.7%, and 15.2% under supplemental irrigation. Yield and TGW N300 were 287 kg/ha and 3.1 g higher than those of N250, and yield and TGW of N250 were 59.4% and 23.1% higher than those of N0, respectively. The yield of spring maize was 24.0% significantly higher than that of autumn maize. Therefore, we suggested that 250 kg/ha nitrogen application fertilizer combined with supplementary irrigation can improve soil fertility and annual maize yield in subtropical one-year double cropping region.
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