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Sharma E, Lal P, Kumar A, Prasad K, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R. Colourful staples on your table: Unus ex genere suo. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114715. [PMID: 39059963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The positive health benefits of colored staples have led to a significant increase in interest in them as healthy food ingredients. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that colored cereals are rich in antioxidants, carotenoids, and xanthophylls, which are widely used as natural additives in the food industry. Additionally, shifts in consumer preferences have led to a preference for nutritionally balanced diets over traditional high-energy ones. Thus, colored cereals offer additional nutritional value that has been previously untapped. Besides providing essential nutrients, these natural pigments also have the potential to replace synthetic colors and food additives. This review aims to provide insights into the nutritional value of various colored staples compared to conventional starchy staples and their associated health benefits. Colored staples can be incorporated into daily diets, offering a nutritious and healthful addition to the table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar GT Road (NH1), Phagwara, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Killi Prasad
- Department of Horticulture, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India; ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Barratt LJ, Franco Ortega S, Harper AL. Identification of candidate regulators of the response to early heat stress in climate-adapted wheat landraces via transcriptomic and co-expression network analyses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1252885. [PMID: 38235195 PMCID: PMC10791870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1252885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Climate change is likely to lead to not only increased global temperatures but also a more variable climate where unseasonal periods of heat stress are more prevalent. This has been evidenced by the observation of spring-time temperatures approaching 40°C in some of the main spring-wheat producing countries, such as the USA, in recent years. With an optimum growth temperature of around 20°C, wheat is particularly prone to damage by heat stress. A warming climate with increasingly common fluctuations in temperature therefore threatens wheat crops and subsequently the lives and livelihoods of billions of people who depend on the crop for food. To futureproof wheat against a variable climate, a better understanding of the response to early heat stress is required. Methods Here, we utilised DESeq2 to identify 7,827 genes which were differentially expressed in wheat landraces after early heat stress exposure. Candidate hub genes, which may regulate the transcriptional response to early heat stress, were identified via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and validated by qRT-PCR. Results Two of the most promising candidate hub genes (TraesCS3B02G409300 and TraesCS1B02G384900) may downregulate the expression of genes involved in the drought, salinity, and cold responses-genes which are unlikely to be required under heat stress-as well as photosynthesis genes and stress hormone signalling repressors, respectively. We also suggest a role for a poorly characterised sHSP hub gene (TraesCS4D02G212300), as an activator of the heat stress response, potentially inducing the expression of a vast suite of heat shock proteins and transcription factors known to play key roles in the heat stress response. Discussion The present work represents an exploratory examination of the heat-induced transcriptional change in wheat landrace seedlings and identifies several candidate hub genes which may act as regulators of this response and, thus, may be targets for breeders in the production of thermotolerant wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea L. Harper
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Al-Ashkar I, Sallam M, Ibrahim A, Ghazy A, Al-Suhaibani N, Ben Romdhane W, Al-Doss A. Identification of Wheat Ideotype under Multiple Abiotic Stresses and Complex Environmental Interplays by Multivariate Analysis Techniques. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3540. [PMID: 37896004 PMCID: PMC10610392 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple abiotic stresses negatively impact wheat production all over the world. We need to increase productivity by 60% to provide food security to the world population of 9.6 billion by 2050; it is surely time to develop stress-tolerant genotypes with a thorough comprehension of the genetic basis and the plant's capacity to tolerate these stresses and complex environmental reactions. To approach these goals, we used multivariate analysis techniques, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model for prediction, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to enhance the reliability of the classification, multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) to detect the ideotype, and the weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB) index to recognize genotypes with stability that are highly productive. Six tolerance multi-indices were used to test twenty wheat genotypes grown under multiple abiotic stresses. The AMMI model showed varying differences with performance indices, which disagreed with the trait and genotype differences used. The G01, G12, G16, and G02 were selected as the appropriate and stable genotypes using the MGIDI with the six tolerance multi-indices. The biplot features the genotypes (G01, G03, G11, G16, G17, G18, and G20) that were most stable and had high tolerance across the environments. The pooled analyses (LDA, MGIDI, and WAASB) showed genotype G01 as the most stable candidate. The genotype (G01) is considered a novel genetic resource for improving productivity and stabilizing wheat programs under multiple abiotic stresses. Hence, these techniques, if used in an integrated manner, strongly support the plant breeders in multi-environment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (N.A.-S.); (W.B.R.); (A.A.-D.)
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Sehar Z, Fatma M, Khan S, Mir IR, Abdi G, Khan NA. Melatonin influences methyl jasmonate-induced protection of photosynthetic activity in wheat plants against heat stress by regulating ethylene-synthesis genes and antioxidant metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7468. [PMID: 37156928 PMCID: PMC10167371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play important roles in the adaptation of plants to different stress factors by modulating stress tolerance mechanisms. The present study reports the involvement of MT (100 µM) in MeJA (10 µM)-induced photosynthetic performance and heat stress acclimation through regulation of the antioxidant metabolism and ethylene production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Plants exposed to 40 °C for 6 h per day for 15 days and allowed to retrieve at 28 °C showed enhanced oxidative stress and antioxidant metabolism, increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) activity and ethylene production, and decreased photosynthetic performance. In contrast, the exogenously applied MT and MeJA reduced oxidative stress through improved S-assimilation (+ 73.6% S content), antioxidant defense system (+ 70.9% SOD, + 115.8% APX and + 104.2% GR, and + 49.5% GSH), optimized ethylene level to 58.4% resulting in improved photosynthesis by 75%. The use of p-chlorophenyl alanine, a MT biosynthesis inhibitor along with MeJA in the presence of heat stress reduced the photosynthetic performance, ATP-S activity and GSH content, substantiated the requirement of MT in the MeJA-induced photosynthetic response of plants under heat stress. These findings suggest that MeJA evoked the plant's ability to withstand heat stress by regulating the S-assimilation, antioxidant defense system, and ethylene production, and improving photosynthetic performance was dependent on MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Sehar Z, Mir IR, Khan S, Masood A, Khan NA. Nitric Oxide and Proline Modulate Redox Homeostasis and Photosynthetic Metabolism in Wheat Plants under High Temperature Stress Acclimation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1256. [PMID: 36986944 PMCID: PMC10053195 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exogenously-sourced NO (nitric oxide, as 100 µM SNP) and proline (50 mM) in the protection of the photosynthetic performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants against heat stress were investigated. The study focused on the mechanisms of proline accumulation, activity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, and NO generation. Plants were exposed to a temperature of 40 °C for 6 h per day over 15 days, then allowed to recover at 28 °C. Heat-stressed plants showed increased oxidative stress, with higher levels of H2O2 and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and increased proline accumulation, ACS activity, ethylene evolution, and NO generation, which in turn leads to increased accumulation of antioxidant enzymes and reduced photosynthetic attributes. In the tested wheat cultivar, the exogenous application of SNP and proline under heat stress improved the photosynthesis and reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Potentially, the promoter AOX (alternative oxidase) played a role in maintaining redox homeostasis by lowering H2O2 and TBARS levels. The genes for GR antioxidant and photosystem II core protein encoding psbA and psbB were highly up-regulated in nitric oxide and proline treated heat-stressed plants, indicating that ethylene positively impacted photosynthesis under high temperature stress. Moreover, nitric oxide supplementation under high temperature stress optimized ethylene levels to regulate the assimilation and metabolism of proline and the antioxidant system, lowering the adverse effects. The study showed that nitric oxide and proline increased high temperature stress tolerance in wheat by increasing the osmolytes accumulation and the antioxidant system, resulting in enhanced photosynthesis.
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Sharma N, Banerjee BP, Hayden M, Kant S. An Open-Source Package for Thermal and Multispectral Image Analysis for Plants in Glasshouse. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:317. [PMID: 36679030 PMCID: PMC9866171 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced plant phenotyping techniques to measure biophysical traits of crops are helping to deliver improved crop varieties faster. Phenotyping of plants using different sensors for image acquisition and its analysis with novel computational algorithms are increasingly being adapted to measure plant traits. Thermal and multispectral imagery provides novel opportunities to reliably phenotype crop genotypes tested for biotic and abiotic stresses under glasshouse conditions. However, optimization for image acquisition, pre-processing, and analysis is required to correct for optical distortion, image co-registration, radiometric rescaling, and illumination correction. This study provides a computational pipeline that optimizes these issues and synchronizes image acquisition from thermal and multispectral sensors. The image processing pipeline provides a processed stacked image comprising RGB, green, red, NIR, red edge, and thermal, containing only the pixels present in the object of interest, e.g., plant canopy. These multimodal outputs in thermal and multispectral imageries of the plants can be compared and analysed mutually to provide complementary insights and develop vegetative indices effectively. This study offers digital platform and analytics to monitor early symptoms of biotic and abiotic stresses and to screen a large number of genotypes for improved growth and productivity. The pipeline is packaged as open source and is hosted online so that it can be utilized by researchers working with similar sensors for crop phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Sharma
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Rd, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Bikram Pratap Banerjee
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Rd, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, 5 Ring Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Rd, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, 5 Ring Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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Khalid A, Hameed A, Tahir MF. Wheat quality: A review on chemical composition, nutritional attributes, grain anatomy, types, classification, and function of seed storage proteins in bread making quality. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1053196. [PMID: 36908903 PMCID: PMC9998918 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1053196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to one of the most diverse and substantial families, Poaceae, is the principal cereal crop for the majority of the world's population. This cereal is polyploidy in nature and domestically grown worldwide. Wheat is the source of approximately half of the food calories consumed worldwide and is rich in proteins (gluten), minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, P, and Fe), vitamins (B-group and E), riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, and dietary fiber. Wheat seed-storage proteins represent an important source of food and energy and play a major role in the determination of bread-making quality. The two groups of wheat grain proteins, i.e., gliadins and glutenins, have been widely studied using SDS-PAGE and other techniques. Sustainable production with little input of chemicals along with high nutritional quality for its precise ultimate uses in the human diet are major focus areas for wheat improvement. An expansion in the hereditary base of wheat varieties must be considered in the wheat breeding program. It may be accomplished in several ways, such as the use of plant genetic resources, comprising wild relatives and landraces, germplasm-assisted breeding through advanced genomic tools, and the application of modern methods, such as genome editing. In this review, we critically focus on phytochemical composition, reproduction growth, types, quality, seed storage protein, and recent challenges in wheat breeding and discuss possible ways forward to combat those issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Chaudhary S, Jha UC, Paul PJ, Prasad PVV, Sharma KD, Kumar S, Gupta DS, Sharma P, Singh S, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Assessing the heat sensitivity of Urdbean ( Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes involving physiological, reproductive and yield traits under field and controlled environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042999. [PMID: 36507460 PMCID: PMC9733429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rising temperatures are seriously impacting the food crops, including urdbean; hence efforts are needed to identify the sources of heat tolerance in such crops to ensure global food security. In the present study, urdbean genotypes were evaluated for heat tolerance under natural outdoor for two consecutive years (2018, 2019) and subsequently in the controlled environment of the growth chamber to identify high temperature tolerant lines. The genotypes were assessed involving few physiological traits (membrane damage, chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, lipid peroxidation), reproductive traits (pollen germination % and pollen viability %) and yield related traits (total number of pods plant-1, total seeds plant-1, single seed weight and seed yield plant-1). Based upon these tested traits, PantU31, Mash114, UTTARA and IPU18-04 genotypes were identified as promising genotypes for both years under heat stress condition. Further confirming heat tolerance, all these four tolerant and four sensitive genotypes were tested under controlled environment under growth chamber condition. All these four genotypes PantU31, Mash114, UTTARA and IPU18-04 showed high chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, leaf area, pods plant-1, total seeds plant-1 and low reduction in pollen germination % and pollen viability under stress heat stress condition. Moreover, yield and yield related traits viz., pods plant-1, seeds plant-1, single seed weight and seed yield plant-1 showed very strong positive correlation with pollen germination and pollen viability except electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. Thus, these genotypes could be potentially used as donors for transferring heat tolerance trait to the elite yet heat-sensitive urdbean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Pronob J. Paul
- International Rice Research Institute, South-Asia Hub, Hyderabad, India
| | - P. V. Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kamal Dev Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Choudhary Sarwan Kumar (CSK) Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, India
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sarvjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The University of Western Australia (UWA) Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Yaghoubi Khanghahi M, AbdElgawad H, Verbruggen E, Korany SM, Alsherif EA, Beemster GTS, Crecchio C. Biofertilisation with a consortium of growth-promoting bacterial strains improves the nutritional status of wheat grain under control, drought, and salinity stress conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13800. [PMID: 36250979 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of plant growth-promoting bacterial strains (PGPB) as biofertilisers on the grain metabolic composition of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). To this aim, we conducted a greenhouse experiment where we grew durum wheat plants supplied with a biofertiliser consortium of four PGPB and/or chemical fertiliser (containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc), under non-stress, drought (at 40% field capacity), or salinity (150 mM NaCl) conditions. Nutrient accumulations in the grain were increased in plants treated with the biofertiliser consortium, alone or with a half dose of chemical fertilisers, compared to those in no fertilisation treatment. A clear benefit of biofertiliser application in the improvement of protein, soluble sugar, starch, and lipid contents in the grains was observed in comparison with untreated controls, especially under stress conditions. The most striking observation was the absence of significant differences between biofertiliser and chemical fertiliser treatments for most parameters. Moreover, the overall response to the biofertiliser consortium was accompanied by greater changes in amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, PGPB improved the metabolic and nutrient status of durum wheat grains to a similar extent as chemical fertilisers, particularly under stress conditions, demonstrating the value of PGPB as a sustainable fertilisation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Plants and Ecosystems Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1C, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A Alsherif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carmine Crecchio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Azmat A, Tanveer Y, Yasmin H, Hassan MN, Shahzad A, Reddy M, Ahmad A. Coactive role of zinc oxide nanoparticles and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for mitigation of synchronized effects of heat and drought stress in wheat plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:133982. [PMID: 35181419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the potential of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) (fruit extract of Papaya) against heat and drought stress in wheat. The characterization of green-synthesized ZnO-NPs was done through UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Individual and combination of PGPR (Pseudomonas sp.) and ZnO-NPs (10 ppm) amendments were tested in a pot experiment to upregulate wheat defence system under three stress groups (drought, heat and combined heat and drought stress). Drought and heat stress synergistically caused higher damage to wheat plants than individual heat and drought stress. This observation was confirmed with remarkable higher MDA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Treated plants exposed to all stress groups showed an improved wheat growth and stress resistance through better biomass, photosynthetic pigments, nutrients, soluble sugars, protein and indole acetic acid content. Combination of ZnO-NPs and Pseudomonas sp. Protects the plants from all stress groups by producing higher proline, antioxidant enzymes i. e superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase, and abscisic acid. Moreover, higher stress alleviation by this treatment was manifested by marked reduced electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2. The findings of current study confirmed that the synergistic actions of PGPR and ZnO-NPs can rescue plants from both single and combined heat and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Azmat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yashfa Tanveer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Asim Shahzad
- Department of Botany, Mohi- Ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, 12080, AJ&K, Pakistan
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yousaf MI, Riaz MW, Jiang Y, Yasir M, Aslam MZ, Hussain S, Sajid Shah SA, Shehzad A, Riasat G, Manzoor MA, Akhtar I. Concurrent Effects of Drought and Heat Stresses on Physio-Chemical Attributes, Antioxidant Status and Kernel Quality Traits in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Hybrids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898823. [PMID: 35646037 PMCID: PMC9131034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize is one of the most important field crops considering its utilization as food, feed, fodder, and biofuel. However, the sustainability of its production is under serious threat of heat and drought stresses, as these stresses could hamper crop growth, causing a significant loss to kernel yield. The research study was carried out at Maize and Millets Research Institute, Yusafwala-Sahiwal for two consecutive spring seasons (2019-20 and 2020-21) under a split-split plot design. The current study explained the individual and combined effects of drought and heat stresses on morphology, phenology, physiology, reactive oxygen species (stocktickerROS), antioxidant status, and kernel quality traits in four indigenous (YH-5482, YH-5427, YH-5404, and YH-1898) and one multinational maize hybrid (P-1543). Stress treatments, i.e., drought, heat, and drought+heat, were applied ten days before tasseling and lasted for 21 days. The results revealed the incidence of oxidative stress due to overproduction of Hydrogen peroxide; H2O2 (control: 1.9, heat+drought: 5.8), and Malondialdehyde; stocktickerMDA (control: 116.5, heat+drought: 193), leading to reduced photosynthetic ability (control: 31.8, heat:16.5), alterations in plant morphology, decrease in kernel yield (control: 10865 kg ha-1, heat+drought: 5564 kg ha-1), and quality-related traits. Although all the stress treatments induced the accumulation of stress-responsive osmolytes and enzymatic antioxidants to cope with the negative impact of osmotic stress, the effect of combined drought + heat stress was much higher. The overall performance of indigenous maize hybrid YH-5427 was much more promising than the other hybrids, attributed to its better tolerance of drought and heat stresses. Such stress tolerance was attributed to maintaining photosynthetic activity, a potent antioxidant and osmolyte-based defense mechanisms, and minimum reductions in yield-related traits, which assured the maximum kernel yield under all stress treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Yousaf
- Cotton Research Station (CRS), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI), Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Jiang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Aamar Shehzad
- Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulfam Riasat
- Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Akhtar
- Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Rasool F, Khan MR, Schneider M, Uzair M, Aqeel M, Ajmal W, Léon J, Naz AA. Transcriptome unveiled the gene expression patterns of root architecture in drought-tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:20-30. [PMID: 35247694 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a big challenge for agricultural production. Root attributes are the important target traits for breeding high-yielding sustainable wheat varieties against ever changing climatic conditions. However, the transcriptomic of wheat concerning root architecture remained obscure. Here, we explored RNA-Seq based transcriptome to dissect putative genes involved in root system variations in naturally occurring six genotypes (drought-tolerant and sensitive) of wheat. Global RNA-Seq based root transcriptome analysis revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variations and differentially expressed genes. Putative 56 SNPs were identified related to 15 genes involved in root architecture. Enrichment of these genes using GO terms demonstrated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are divided into sub-categories implicated in molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes. The KEGG analysis of DEGs in each comparison of genotype include metabolic, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments and biosynthesis of antibiotics. A deeper insight into DEGs unveiled various pathways involved in drought response and positive gravitropism. These genes belong to various transcription factor families such as DOF, C3H, MYB, and NAC involved in root developmental and stress-related pathways. Local White and UZ-11-CWA-8, which are drought-tolerant genotypes, harbor over-representation of most of DEGs or transcription factors. Notably, a microtubule-associated protein MAPRE1 belonging to RP/EB family recruited in positive gravitropism was enriched. Real-time PCR analysis revealed expression of MAPRE1 and PAL genes is consistent with RNA-seq data. The presented data and genetic resources seem valuable for providing genes involved in the root system architecture of drought-tolerant and susceptible genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Rasool
- Genome Editing & Sequencing Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ramzan Khan
- Genome Editing & Sequencing Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.
| | - Michael Schneider
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Department of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Wajya Ajmal
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Jens Léon
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Department of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali Ahmed Naz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Department of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Germany.
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Fan Y, Lv Z, Ge T, Li Y, Yang W, Zhang W, Ma S, Dai T, Huang Z. Night-Warming Priming at the Vegetative Stage Alleviates Damage to the Flag Leaf Caused by Post-anthesis Warming in Winter Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:706567. [PMID: 34691092 PMCID: PMC8526553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.706567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric warming in diurnal and seasonal temperature patterns plays an important role in crop distribution and productivity. Asymmetric warming during the early growth periods of winter wheat profoundly affects its vegetative growth and post-anthesis grain productivity. Field experiments were conducted on winter wheat to explore the impact of night warming treatment in winter (Winter warming treatment, WT) or spring (Spring warming treatment, ST) on the senescence of flag leaves and yield of wheat plants later treated with night warming during grain filling (Warming treatment during grain filling, FT). The results showed that FT decreased wheat yield by reducing the number of grains per panicle and per 1,000-grain weight and that the yield of wheat plants treated with FT declined to a greater extent than that of wheat plants treated with WT + FT or ST + FT. The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the flag leaves of wheat plants treated with WT + FT or ST + FT were higher than those under the control treatment from 0 to 7 days after anthesis (DAA) but were lower than those under the control treatment and higher than those of wheat plants treated with FT alone from 14 to 28 DAA. The soluble protein and Rubisco contents in the flag leaves of wheat plants treated with WT + FT or ST + FT were high in the early grain-filling period and then gradually decreased to below those of the control treatment. These contents were greater in wheat plants treated with WT + FT than in wheat plants treated with ST + FT from 0 to 14 DAA, whereas the opposite was true from 21 to 28 DAA. Furthermore, WT + FT and ST + FT inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation by increasing superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and lowering phospholipase D (PLD), phosphatidic acid (PA), lipoxygenase (LOX), and free fatty acid levels in the early grain-filling period, but their inhibitory effects on membrane lipid peroxidation gradually weakened during the late grain-filling period. Night-warming priming alleviated the adverse effect of post-anthesis warming on yield by delaying the post-anthesis senescence of flag leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Fan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoyan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ge
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
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