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Briere J, Runtz M, Rodd K. Child and Adolescent Exposure to Sexual Harassment: Relationship to Gender, Contact Sexual Abuse, and Adult Psychological Symptoms. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2981-2996. [PMID: 38281113 PMCID: PMC11127504 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231225524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to adults, there is considerably less research on childhood or adolescent exposure to sexual harassment (CAESH), its lasting psychological correlates, and whether such experiences should be included in definitions of childhood sexual abuse. The current study examined the prevalence and symptomatic sequels of unwanted flirting, being "checked out" sexually, unwanted sexual attention, sexual comments, propositions, and related noncontact behaviors that occurred before age 18, as well as the multivariate relationship between CAESH and contact child sexual abuse (C-CSA) in a diverse online sample of 528 individuals. CAESH was very common, with over 95% of women and 64% of men reporting at least one experience of noncontact sexual harassment before age 18. When childhood sexual abuse was operationalized as the presence of either C-CSA or a total CAESH score of 18 or higher (corresponding to an average score of "3-5 times" prior to age 18), the prevalence was 67% for women and 26% for men, more than three times higher than C-CSA alone. This expanded definition was associated with significantly more anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress relative to C-CSA alone. These results suggest that CAESH is a significant source of symptoms in adults and support the emerging perspective that childhood sexual abuse may be best understood as including both contact and noncontact events.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Briere
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Liang T. Sexual Harassment at Work: Scoping Review of Reviews. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1635-1660. [PMID: 38645480 PMCID: PMC11032108 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s455753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This article presents a scoping review of reviews on the topic of Sexual Harassment (SH) in the workplace, a subject that has garnered significant global attention. The phenomenon of SH poses a critical challenge to equal opportunity and gender equity in the workplace. Aim The review aims to synthesize existing research, focusing on the antecedents, consequences, and interventions related to SH. Methods The inclusion and exclusion criteria were established based on the research question, which was adapted from the PICO strategy. A protocol was devised following the "DS-CPC" format, which encompasses considerations related to Documents, Studies, Construct, Participants, and Contexts. The search was carried utilizing several automated databases, specifically focusing on the fields of Psychology, Behavioral Sciences, and Health. Preliminary search yielded a total of 468 articles, and the review ultimately encompassed a total of 22 articles. Results This review critically examines the complexity of SH, including the role of bystanders, the perpetuation of myths and misconceptions, and the exploitation of power imbalances by harassers. It also explores the manifestation of SH in male-dominated workplaces and the varying levels of organizational awareness and response to such incidents. The review highlights the importance of fostering an organizational culture that not only acknowledges and protects victims but also implements effective measures to penalize perpetrators. Implications It aims to elucidate the intricacies of SH and advocate for a workplace environment characterized by respect and accountability. Through this comprehensive analysis, the article seeks to inform and guide future research, policy development, and organizational practices concerning SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, 201620, People’s Republic of China
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Fair N, Kirschberger D. Understanding the importance of Gender Action Planning in EC Horizon projects: a case study. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 3:159. [PMID: 37955021 PMCID: PMC10632589 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Against a backdrop of continued gender challenges within the European manufacturing and technology domains, and wider society in general, such as gender balance and inequality, the gender pay gap, the glass ceiling/sticky floor, the glass cliff, the invisible woman and the under-representation of women in STEM careers and senior positions, and framed within the latest European Commission guidelines and requirements on equality, diversity and inclusion, this paper will report on the actions and research undertaken by the voluntary Gender Action Planning (GAP) team within a large, multinational, complex Industry4.0 Horizon2020 research and innovation project to try to address gender inequalities and gender balance, as well as to provide safe spaces, supportive communities and raised awareness of gender issues over the four year lifespan of the project. It is hoped that the learning from the GAP team may provide a good exemplar for future Horizon programme proposal submissions where a Gender Plan is now a mandated requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fair
- IT Innovation, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK
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Guarderas P, Moreta-Herrera R, Larrea MDL, Reyes-Valenzuela C, Rodrigo, DV, Acosta D. Psychometric Properties of the Acoso Sexual en las Instituciones de Educación Superior Scale (ASIES) in an Ecuadorian Sample. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2023; 16:16-28. [PMID: 37547863 PMCID: PMC10402646 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual harassment has become increasingly common in Ecuador's higher education centers. However, due to the lack of instruments that evaluate sexual harassment, the magnitude of this phenomenon in Ecuador is unknown. This research aims to analyze the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of a sexual harassment measurement scale in higher education institutions (ASIES). The instrument analyzes 21 behaviors related to sexual harassment. The sample consisted of 4628 people. A descriptive analysis of the items, item-total correlation analysis, and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis are performed to test the internal structure of the scale. It was found that the 4-factor model and a second-order factor presented a better fit (CFI = .99, TLI = .99, SRMR = .075, and RMSEA = .018). The results confirm the four dimensions proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Guarderas
- Universidad Politécnica Salesiana de Ecuador, Quito-Ecuador.Universidad Politécnica Salesiana de EcuadorQuitoEcuador
- Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexual, Quito-Ecuador.Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexualQuitoEcuador
| | - Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ambato-Ecuador.Pontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorEcuador
- Universitat de Girona, Girona-España.Universitat de GironaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | - María de Lourdes Larrea
- Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, sede Ecuador, Quito-Ecuador.Universidad Andina Simón BolívarUniversidad Andina Simón BolívarQuitoEcuador
- Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexual, Quito-Ecuador.Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexualQuitoEcuador
| | - Carlos Reyes-Valenzuela
- Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, sede Ecuador, Quito-Ecuador.Universidad Andina Simón BolívarUniversidad Andina Simón BolívarQuitoEcuador
- Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexual, Quito-Ecuador.Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexualQuitoEcuador
| | - Diego Vaca Rodrigo,
- Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito-Ecuador.Universidad Tecnológica IndoamericaUniversidad Tecnológica IndoaméricaQuitoEcuador
| | - Daniela Acosta
- Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, sede Ecuador, Quito-Ecuador.Universidad Andina Simón BolívarUniversidad Andina Simón BolívarQuitoEcuador
- Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexual, Quito-Ecuador.Red Interuniversitaria de investigación feminista sobre el acoso sexualQuitoEcuador
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Jeong S, Chang HE. Workplace sexual harassment toward male nurses in South Korea: a cross-sectional online survey. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:303. [PMID: 36348419 PMCID: PMC9644567 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have focused on sexual harassment of female nurses perpetrated by patients and coworkers. However, as males in a female-dominated occupation, male nurses are also at risk of being exposed to sexual harassment. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment faced by male nurses in South Korea and to identify related factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey that recruited male nurses working in various general hospitals in South Korea. In total, 246 participants with at least 6 months of clinical experience enrolled in an online survey, and 155 male nurses were included in the final analysis. Data were collected from May 31, 2019 to July 26, 2020. Items on the questionnaire included sexual harassment experiences, nursing work environment, and general characteristics of the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants’ general characteristics and a negative binomial regression model was used to analyze predictors of workplace sexual harassment. Results The mean number of sexual harassment incidents was 3.2 ± 5.5. The majority (65.2%) of male nurses had experienced sexual harassment at least once at work. The negative binomial regression model in the study was found to be acceptable (likelihood ratio chi-square = 30.03, df = 18, p = .037). The perceived nursing work environment was the only significant predictor of sexual harassment towards male nurses (p = .001; incidence rate ratio = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.66). Conclusions Nursing administrators must recognize that men in female-dominated occupation may experience sexual harassment in the workplace. Specific and realistic managerial policies and educational programs should be implemented to prevent workplace sexual harassment and improve the nursing work environment for male nurses.
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Sakellari E, Berglund M, Santala E, Bacatum CMJ, Sousa JEXF, Aarnio H, Kubiliutė L, Prapas C, Lagiou A. The Perceptions of Sexual Harassment among Adolescents of Four European Countries. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101551. [PMID: 36291487 PMCID: PMC9600464 DOI: 10.3390/children9101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sexual harassment is a crucial public health issue among adolescents. In order to develop school health promotion programs, there is a need to involve adolescents themselves paying particular attention to their perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the adolescents' perceptions about sexual harassment as well as the ways it could be prevented. Four focus groups were conducted during an online "camp" in autumn 2021, facilitated by members of SHEHAP project research team. Participants were secondary school students from Finland, Greece, Lithuania and Portugal. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Concerning how participants perceive sexual harassment, the themes that emerged were: physically expressed sexual harassment; verbally expressed sexual harassment; virtually expressed sexual harassment; violation of self-determination. Virtual environment; school environment; public environment; familiar environment, were identified as the places where sexual harassment may occur. Finally, in regard to the participants' views on the prevention of sexual harassment, the following themes emerged: youth education; adult education aiming teachers and parents; professional, peer and family support; official consequences; health education methods. The findings of the current study can be used for the development of school-based programs aiming to prevent sexual harassment among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Sakellari
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Mari Berglund
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Santala
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Heli Aarnio
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kubiliutė
- Klaipeda City Public Health Bureau, LT-93200 Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Christos Prapas
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-20-10-245
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Nurbayani S, Dede M, Widiawaty MA. Utilizing library repository for sexual harassment study in Indonesia: A systematic literature review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10194. [PMID: 36042737 PMCID: PMC9420360 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual harassment is a social problem that needs urgent attention to reduce its frequent occurrence. This paper is a systematic literature review (SLR) that summarizes the previous studies of sexual harassment from Islamic state universities (UIN) in Indonesia. Data were collected from the final year bachelor's theses available in the online library repository of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, UIN Walisongo Semarang, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, UIN Ar-Raniry Aceh, UIN Alauddin Makassar and UIN Raden Fatah Palembang with open-access facilities. The SLR and Meta-analysis were used to investigate the background, perpetrator-victim involvement, and resolution of sexual harassment. This research used 20 eligible and relevant theses for the study of sexual harassment have been published from 2007 to 2022. The result showed that most cases occurred in urban areas, where the perpetrators are people known to the victim, such as family members, colleagues at work, neighbors, and playmates. Therefore, the role of non-governmental organizations and local governments is very helpful for victims to form coping strategies and report criminal cases. Sexual harassment needs to get more public attention by strengthening litigation and non-litigation needs, accompanied by the provision of sexuality education for parents, children, and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurbayani
- Faculty of Social Sciences Education (FPIPS), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jln. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung City, West Java, 40154, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Moh. Dede
- Doctoral Program on Environmental Science, Postgraduate School (SPs), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Dipatiukur No. 05, Bandung City, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
- Center for Environment and Sustainability Science (CESS), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Sekeloa Selatan No. 01, Bandung City, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Millary Agung Widiawaty
- National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jln. MH Thamrin No. 08, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
- Cakrabuana Institute for Geoinformation, Environment and Social Studies (CIGESS), Ciledug, Cirebon Regency, West Java, 45188, Indonesia
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Frequency, Types, and Manifestations of Partner Sexual Violence, Non-Partner Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment: A Population Study in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138108. [PMID: 35805764 PMCID: PMC9266195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study analyzes the frequency and sociodemographic characteristics associated with sexual violence by a partner/ex-partner (PSV), someone other than a partner or ex-partner (NPSV), or sexual harassment (SH). Methods: The study is based on the 2019 Macro-survey of Violence against Women conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Equality among a sample of 9568 women age 16 or more years. Odds Ratios were calculated and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Forty-four women had suffered some kind of sexual violence over their lifetime, 9.2% had experienced PSV, 6.5% NPSV and 40.4% SH. More than 7% of women had been raped by a partner and 2.2% by another man. In the three groups, violence was associated with lower age and having a certified disability. NPSV and SH were significantly associated with a higher education and internet use. In NPSV, 9.2% of cases were reported to the police and 3.9% were reported to the courts. In SH, 91.7% of women told a family member or a close friend and 4.2% reported it to the police or the courts. Conclusions: A greater emphasis needs to be placed on reporting sexual violence in its various forms. Rape within intimate partnerships ought to be investigated and studied in greater depth.
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Xu H, Zeng J, Tai Z, Hao H. Public Attention and Sentiment toward Intimate Partner Violence Based on Weibo in China: A Text Mining Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020198. [PMID: 35206813 PMCID: PMC8871728 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobile internet has resulted in intimate partner violence (IPV) events not being viewed as interpersonal and private issues. Such events become public events in the social network environment. IPV has become a public health issue of widespread concern. It is a challenge to obtain systematic and detailed data using questionnaires and interviews in traditional Chinese culture, because of face-saving and the victim’s shame factors. However, online comments about specific IPV events on social media provide rich data in understanding the public’s attitudes and emotions towards IPV. By applying text mining and sentiment analysis to the field of IPV, this study involved construction of a Chinese IPV sentiment dictionary and a complete research framework. We analyzed the trends of the Chinese public’s emotional evolution concerning IPV events from the perspectives of a time series as well as geographic space and social media. The results show that the anonymity of social networks and the guiding role of opinion leaders result in traditional cultural factors such as face-saving and family shame for IPV events being no longer applicable, leading to the spiral of an anti-silence effect. Meanwhile, in the process of public emotional communication, anger often overwhelms reason, and the spiral of silence remains in effect in social media. In addition, there are offensive words used in the IPV event texts that indicate misogyny in emotional, sexual, economic and psychological abuse. Fortunately, mainstream media, as crucial opinion leaders in the social network, can have a positive role in guiding public opinion, improving people’s ability to judge the validity of network information, and formulating people’s rational behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Zeng
- School of Management, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Zhaodan Tai
- School of Foreign Languages, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Huihui Hao
- Faculty of Agribusiness and Commerce, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;
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