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Nagarajan T, Binti Mohd Fekeri NH, Raju G, Shanmugan S, Jeppu G, Walvekar R, Rustagi S, Khalid M. Adsorption Parameters Optimization of Spent Coffee Ground Biochar for Methylene Blue Removal Using Response Surface Methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:143242. [PMID: 39233300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The disposal of spent coffee grounds (SCG) in landfills is a common practice. However, owing to their unique porous structure, SCGs can be transformed into biochar for use as a cost-effective adsorbent. Methylene blue (MB), a dye employed in textile and printing sectors, poses risks to both aquatic life and human health. To mitigate these effects, efficient treatment of MB prior to environmental release is essential. This research assesses the suitability of spent coffee ground biochar (SCGB) as an adsorbent for MB. The design of experiment (DOE) employed two approaches, classical and response surface optimization, considering adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, temperature, and MB removal percentage as factors. Notably, adsorbent dosage and temperature emerged as critical factors for MB removal, with a well-fitting linear model. The optimum conditions for MB removal by SCGB were 0.99 g adsorbent, 30 min contact time, 30°C, and pH 7. The predicted MB removal was 99.99%, with a desirability of 1.000. The 0.02% discrepancy between predicted and experimental values confirmed the accuracy of the experimental parameter prediction by DOE. SCGB demonstrated robust adsorption capacity, attributed to its carbonaceous and highly porous structure, leading to significantly enhanced MB removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachnatharen Nagarajan
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Subramani Shanmugan
- Nano Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Gautham Jeppu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh-174103 India
| | - Survesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Materials and Metallurgy Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401 India.
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Wu P, Luo Q, Zhang X, He J, Liu C, Jiang W. Universal Rapid Demulsification by Vacuum Suction Using Superamphiphilic and Underliquid Superamphiphobic Polyurethane/Diatomite Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24775-24786. [PMID: 35588149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A process for universal rapid demulsification by vacuum suction using an as-prepared superamphiphilic and underliquid superamphiphobic polyurethane (PU)/diatomite composite has been developed and is used to demulsify kerosene-in-water and water-in-kerosene emulsions with and without a surfactant. The results show that the demulsification rate of all the emulsions exceeds 98.5% in long-term operation, with a stable demulsification speed exceeding 0.303 L/m2 min. When a superhydrophobic channel for separation is added, the oil/water separation efficiency exceeds 99.0%, and the final products are qualified oil and water. This attractive universal demulsification capability of PU/diatomite originates from its underliquid superamphiphobicity, which attracts a continuous phase to form a stable liquid film and thus repels dispersed phase droplets, which have a similar interaction with the surface but are much less abundant. The vacuum forces emulsion droplets into the microstructure of the PU/diatomite cake, where they are compressed, coalesce, and finally demulsified. This observed mechanism suggests a promising strategy to avoid the negative effects of oil fouling in demulsification and achieve large-scale universal continuous rapid demulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Qiuxian Luo
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xingyang Zhang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jian He
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
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Mérai L, Deák Á, Dékány I, Janovák L. Fundamentals and utilization of solid/ liquid phase boundary interactions on functional surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102657. [PMID: 35364433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The affinity of macroscopic solid surfaces or dispersed nano- and bioparticles towards liquids plays a key role in many areas from fluid transport to interactions of the cells with phase boundaries. Forces between solid interfaces in water become especially important when the surface texture or particles are in the colloidal size range. Although, solid-liquid interactions are still prioritized subjects of materials science and therefore are extensively studied, the related literature still lacks in conclusive approaches, which involve as much information on fundamental aspects as on recent experimental findings related to influencing the wetting and other wetting-related properties and applications of different surfaces. The aim of this review is to fill this gap by shedding light on the mechanism-of-action and design principles of different, state-of-the-art functional macroscopic surfaces, ranging from self-cleaning, photoreactive or antimicrobial coatings to emulsion separation membranes, as these surfaces are gaining distinguished attention during the ongoing global environmental and epidemic crises. As there are increasing numbers of examples for stimulus-responsive surfaces and their interactions with liquids in the literature, as well, this overview also covers different external stimulus-responsive systems, regarding their mechanistic principles and application possibilities.
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