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Nagarajan T, Vilosamy K, Raju G, Shanmugan S, Walvekar R, Rustagi S, Khalid M. Investigating the adsorption potential of char derived from waste latex for methylene blue removal. Chemosphere 2024; 358:141936. [PMID: 38614393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye using latex char derived from pyrolysis of latex gloves. The adsorption process was investigated systematically using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD). The effects of four key variables, namely pH, time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage, were studied using a factorial design enriched with center points and axial points. Experimental data were analyzed using a second-order polynomial regression model to construct a response surface model, which elucidated the relationship between the variables and MB removal efficiency. The study found that the char obtained at 800 °C exhibited the highest adsorption capacity due to its increased carbonization, expanded surface area, and diverse pore structure. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed the significance of the quadratic model, with remarkable agreement between predicted and experimental outcomes. Diagnostic plots validated the model's reliability, while 3D contour graphs illustrated the combined effects of variables on MB removal efficiency. Optimization using DoE software identified optimal conditions resulting in a 99% removal efficiency, which closely matched experimental results. Additionally, adsorption isotherms revealed that the Freundlich model best described the adsorption behavior, indicating heterogeneous surface adsorption with multilayer adsorption. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the adsorption process of MB dye using latex char, with implications for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachnatharen Nagarajan
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khirthiga Vilosamy
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Subramani Shanmugan
- Nano Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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2
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Mao Y, Raju G, Zabidi MA. Association Between Occupational Stress and Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:931-947. [PMID: 38021213 PMCID: PMC10656850 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s431442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational stress and sleep quality are prevalent issues that can impact the physical and mental well-being of adults. An association between occupational stress and sleep quality has been found. However, this association is not entirely the same across different occupational groups. Additionally, variations are present in the research design and instruments employed.This systematic review aims to investigate the association between these two factors and identify gaps and limitations in current research. Articles published between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2022, were retrieved from the WOS, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Out of 1225 articles, 38 studies met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the review. In the study, research designs, samples, instruments, and associations between occupational stress and sleep quality were statistically analyzed.These studies encompassed a diverse range of occupations, including both blue-collar and white-collar workers. Cross-sectional study is the most common research method. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was the most frequently utilized tool for assessing sleep quality, while there was a wide variety of measurement tools employed to assess occupational stress. The association between occupational stress and sleep quality consistently demonstrated a negative association, although the specific dimensions varied among studies. Moreover, several other factors were identified to have direct or indirect effects on occupational stress and sleep quality. For future research in this field, we propose four recommendations: (1) Consider utilizing objective measures to assess occupational stress and sleep quality. (2) Employ controlled experiments to further validate the causal relationship between occupational stress and sleep quality. (3) Investigate occupational groups that have received less attention. (4) Take into account the potential influence of other factors on occupational stress and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Mao
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- School of Arts and Design, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azrul Zabidi
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia
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3
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Raju G, Shaban MM, Farag RK, Karunakaran T, Khalid M. Structure, morphology, thermal, and sorption characteristics of epoxidized natural rubber conjugated spent coffee via
one‐pot
synthesis. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud M. Shaban
- Department of Petroleum Applications Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Cairo Egypt
| | - Reem K. Farag
- Department of Petroleum Applications Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology Sunway University Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
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4
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Jamsheela O, Raju G. An improved frequent pattern tree: the child structured frequent pattern tree CSFP-tree. Pattern Anal Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10044-022-01111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Musthafa F, Ramanathan S, Nimisha A, Raju G. POS-040 COMPARISON OF CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOMES OF ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS BETWEEN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS – prospective single center study. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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6
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Michael FM, Khalid M, Chantara Thevy R, Raju G, Shahabuddin S, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM. Graphene/Nanohydroxyapatite hybrid reinforced polylactic acid nanocomposite for load-bearing applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Syed Shahabuddin
- Department of Science, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Knowledge Corridor Raisan Village, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
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7
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Wahid FF, Sugandhi K, Raju G. A Fusion Based Approach for Blood Vessel Segmentation from Fundus Images by Separating Brighter Optic Disc. Pattern Recognit Image Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s105466182104026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Anushya G, Mahesh R, Freeda TH, Ramachandran R, Raju G. Effect of Aegle marmelos on the growth of brushite crystals. Clin Phytosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The urinary stone formation is a very common health problem due to the prolonged medication. Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, CHPD and Brushite) is one of the major constituent of urinary stone crystals. The formation and deposition of brushite crystals is the central cause of recurrent kidney stone disease among the global population. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Aegle marmelos leaves on the growth of brushite crystals to explicate the inhibitory effect of urinary stones from a different point of view.
Methods
The CHPD crystals were grown by the Single Diffusion Gel growth technique. In order to inhibit the formation of urinary stones, CHPD crystals are grown in the laboratory in the pure form and by adding the prolonged medicine A. marmelos taken especially by diabetic patients. A comparative study of the pure and A. marmelos leaves added crystals has been carried out using the Growth factor, Powder X-ray diffraction, Microstructural parameters, FTIR and SEM-EDAX.
Results
Total mass of the grown crystals is found to decrease with increasing concentrations of leaf extract of the A. marmelos. On comparing with undoped, crystalline size of the A. marmelos doped samples is reduced. Disappearance of absorption band and peak shift in the FTIR shows the incorporation of functional groups of A. marmelos. The morphology changes of the treated crystals are assessed in SEM.
Conclusions
The result shows that herbal extracts prepared from A. marmelos have good inhibitory effect on the growth of the brushite urinary stone crystals considered.
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9
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Kamal R, Shaban MM, Raju G, Farag RK. High-Density Polyethylene Waste (HDPE)-Waste-Modified Lube Oil Nanocomposites as Pour Point Depressants. ACS Omega 2021; 6:31926-31934. [PMID: 34870015 PMCID: PMC8637951 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability metrics have been established that cover the economic, social, and environmental aspects of human activities. Reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) strategy targets solid waste management in the waste generation sectors. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using various plastic wastes containing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and high-density polyethylene nanoclay (PMON) as polymer additives to modify lubricating oil. The structure of these additives was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and the particle size of PMON was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The thermal stability of HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON) was studied, which showed higher thermal stability, and these additives completed degradation above 500 °C. The performance of HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON) in lubricating oil was evaluated as pour point depressants by standard ASTM methods. The results showed that the efficiency of these additives increases with the decrease in the dose of these additives and lubricating oil treated with HDPE at 0.25% dosage lowers PPT to -30 °C, while lubricating oil treated with nanoclay HDPE (PMON7) at 0.25% dosage reduces PPT to -36 °C. Photomicrographic analysis was conducted to study accumulations and modifications in the wax crystal morphology in lube oil without and with HDPE and nanoclay HDPE (PMON7). Photomicrographs revealed that wax morphology changes due to effective pour point depressants on crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha
S. Kamal
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Shaban
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- Chemistry
Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Reem K. Farag
- Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Khalid M, Ratnam CT, Wei SJ, Ketabchi MR, Raju G, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM. Effect of electron beam radiation on POLY(LACTIC acid) biocomposites reinforced with waste tea powder. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Michael FM, Khalid M, Raju G, Ratnam CT, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM. Viscoelastic Properties and Thermal Stability of Nanohydroxyapatite Reinforced Poly-Lactic Acid for Load Bearing Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195852. [PMID: 34641395 PMCID: PMC8510238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the reinforcing effects of treated and untreated nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) on poly-lactic acid (PLA). The NHA surface was treated with three different types of chemicals; 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylenimine (PEI). The nanocomposite samples were prepared using melt mixing techniques by blending 5 wt% untreated NHA and 5 wt% surface-treated NHA (mNHA). Based on the FESEM images, the interfacial adhesion between the mNHA filler and PLA matrix was improved upon surface treatment in the order of mNHA (APTES) > mNHA (SDS) > mNHA (PEI). As a result, the PLA-5wt%mNHA (APTES) nanocomposite showed increased viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, damping parameter, and creep permanent deformation compared to pure PLA. Similarly, PLA-5wt%mNHA (APTES) thermal properties improved, attaining higher Tc and Tm than pure PLA, reflecting the enhanced nucleating effect of the mNHA (APTES) filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feven Mattews Michael
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (G.R.); Tel.: +60-4-6533933 (M.K.); +60-3-7491-8622 (G.R.); Fax: +60-3-5635-8633 (M.K.)
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (G.R.); Tel.: +60-4-6533933 (M.K.); +60-3-7491-8622 (G.R.); Fax: +60-3-5635-8633 (M.K.)
| | - Chantara Thevy Ratnam
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia;
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia;
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12
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Raju G, Khalid M, Shaban MM, Azahari B. Preparation and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Spent Coffee/ENR50 Biocomposite in Comparison to Carbon Black. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162796. [PMID: 34451334 PMCID: PMC8400960 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of spent coffee biochar (Biochar) compared to carbon black (CB) as a partial replacement for carbon black in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Particle size and elemental analysis were used to characterize the biochar and CB. Cure characteristics, tensile, thermal, and morphological properties on the effect of biochar and CB as filler were studied. It was found that incorporating 10 phr of spent coffee biochar could improve the composites’ tensile properties and thermal performance compared to carbon black. However, the addition of biochar significantly affects the maximum torque compared to CB and delays the vulcanization time. SEM study shows that biochar has a strong effect on the morphology of composite films. The FTIR graph reveals no substantial difference between compounds with biochar and CB. According to the thermal calorimetric study, the thermal stability of ENR-Biochar is higher than that of ENR-CB. Additionally, these findings suggest that the utilization of spent coffee as a sustainable biochar could be further explored, but little has been done in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud M. Shaban
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo 11727, Egypt;
| | - Baharin Azahari
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;
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13
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Farag AA, Eid A, Shaban M, Mohamed EA, Raju G. Integrated modeling, surface, electrochemical, and biocidal investigations of novel benzothiazoles as corrosion inhibitors for shale formation well stimulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Nikesh P, Raju G. Automatic Skin Lesion Segmentation—A Novel Approach of Lesion Filling through Pixel Path. Pattern Recognit Image Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1054661820040215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Raju G, Mas Haris MRH, Azura AR, Ahmed Mohamed Eid AM. Chitosan Epoxidized Natural Rubber Biocomposites for Sorption and Biodegradability Studies. ACS Omega 2020; 5:28760-28766. [PMID: 33195929 PMCID: PMC7659141 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The slow-release mechanism of copper into soil followed by soil biodegradation was studied using the chitosan (CTS)/epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) biocomposite. The biocomposite was prepared by homogenizing CTS in ENR50 (ENR with about 50% epoxy content) latex in the presence of curing agents and acetic acid. It was found that the adsorption property of the biocomposite was very much influenced by chitosan loading, where 20phrCTS-t-ENR biocomposite can absorb 76.31% of Cu(II) ions. The desorption study indicates that the copper (II) ion can be released at a very slow and control phase as proven by the kinetic study using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer Peppas equations. The slow-release studies comply with the Higuchi square-root equation, indicating that the release process is diffusion-controlled. Results of desorption and biodegradation process suggest that this biocomposite has the potential use of being a slow-release matrix in the field of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasunderi Raju
- School
of Distance Education, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - A. R. Azura
- School
of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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16
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Vasudha MP, Raju G, Thangadurai N. Development of 90 GHz Microwave Radiometer Sensor in Snow/ice Studies Over the Himalaya as Input for Disaster Monitoring. CURR SCI INDIA 2019. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v116/i10/1715-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Prabhash N, Raju G. An Excemplary Online Single Window Clearance System – Paramount to Ease of Starting Business. International Journal of Management Studies 2019. [DOI: 10.18843/ijms/v6si2/04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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19
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Parasuraman S, Krishnamoorthy V, Chuen L, Sivayogi V, Kathiresan S, Bahari M, Raju G. Exploration of antioxidant capacity of extracts of Perna viridis, a marine bivalve. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_301_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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21
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Raju G, Nikesh P, Wahid FF, Sugandhi K. An overlap-based human gait cycle detection. IJBM 2019. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbm.2019.10020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Monowar T, Rahman MS, Bhore SJ, Raju G, Sathasivam KV. Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Endophytic Bacterium Pantoea ananatis are Promising Antimicrobial Agents against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2018; 23:E3220. [PMID: 30563220 PMCID: PMC6321088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important global problems currently confronting the world. Different biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have indicated them to be promising antimicrobial agents. In the present study, extracellular extract of an endophytic bacterium, Pantoea ananatis, was used for synthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV⁻Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Zeta potential. The antimicrobial potential of the AgNPs against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 11632), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and multidrug resistant (MDR) Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 700677), Enterococcus faecium (ATCC 700221) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33592) Escherichia coli (NCTC 13351) was investigated. The synthesized spherical-shaped AgNPs with a size range of 8.06 nm to 91.32 nm exhibited significant antimicrobial activity at 6 μg/disc concentration against Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) which were found to be resistant to conventional antibiotics. The synthesized AgNPs showed promising antibacterial efficiency at 10 µg/disc concentration against the MDR strains. The present study suggests that AgNPs synthesized by using the endophytic bacterium P. ananatis are promising antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Monowar
- Unit of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia.
| | - Md Sayedur Rahman
- Regional Director, Ministry of Information, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh.
| | - Subhash J Bhore
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia.
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Kathiresan V Sathasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia.
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23
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Ramesh Babu A, Raju G, Purna Chander C, Bhandi MM, Ananth Reddy M, Niladari Raju MV, Jayathirtha Rao V, Bhanuprakash K, Srinivas R. Differentiation of isomeric para- and meta-substituted 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives of anthracene by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:469-474. [PMID: 27957771 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ramesh Babu
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - G Raju
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - C Purna Chander
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Murali Mohan Bhandi
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - M Ananth Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division (II), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - M V Niladari Raju
- Organic Chemistry Division (II), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - V Jayathirtha Rao
- Organic Chemistry Division (II), CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - K Bhanuprakash
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - R Srinivas
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Ramesh Babu A, Raju G, Purna Chander C, Shoban Babu B, Srinivas R, Sharma GVM. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric study of protonated and alkali- cationized α/ε-hybrid peptides: differentiation of a pair of dipeptide positional isomers. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2016; 22:181-191. [PMID: 27882883 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new class of Boc-N-protected hybrid peptides derived from L- Ala and ε6-Caa (L-Ala = L-Alanine, Caa = C-linked carboamino acid derived from D-xylose) have been studied by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MSn spectra of protonated and alkali-cationized hybrid peptides produce characteristic fragmentation involving the peptide backbone, the tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group, and the side chain. The dipeptide positional isomers are differentiated by the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the protonated and alkali-cationized peptides. The CID of [M + H]+ ion of Boc-NH-L-Ala-ε-Caa- OCH3 (1) shows a prominent [M + H - C4H8]+ ion, which is totally absent for its positional isomer Boc-NH-ε-Caa-L-Ala-OCH3 (6), which instead shows significant loss of t-butanol. The formation of the [M + Cat - C4H8]+ ion is totally absent and [M + Cat - Boc + H]+ is prominent in the CID of the [M + Cat]+ ion of Boc-NH-L-Ala-ε-Caa- OCH3 (1), whereas the former is highly abundant and the latter is of low abundance for its positional isomer Boc-NH-ε-Caa-L-Ala-OCH3 (6). It is observed that 'b' ions are abundant when oxazolone structures are formed through a five-membered cyclic transition state in tetra-, penta-, and hexapeptides and the cyclization process for larger 'b' ions led to an insignificant abundance. However, the significant 'b' ion is formed in ε,α-dipeptide, which may have a seven-membered substituted 2-oxoazepanium ion structure. The MSn spectra of [M + Cat - Boc + H]+ ions of these peptides are found to be significantly different to those of [M + H - Boc + H]+ ions. The CID spectra of [M + Cat - Boc + H]+ ions of peptide acids containing L-Ala at the C-terminus show an abundant N-terminal rearrangement ion, [bn + 17 + Cat]+, which is absent for the peptide acids containing ε-Caa at the C-terminus. Thus, the results of these hybrid peptides provide sequencing information, the structure of the cyclic intermediate involved in the formation of the rearrangement ion, and distinguish a pair of dipeptide positional isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramesh Babu
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - G Raju
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - C Purna Chander
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - B Shoban Babu
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - R Srinivas
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - G V M Sharma
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Raju G. Odontogenic Keratocyst of Coronoid process presenting as an infratemporal mass. Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2015. [DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A pediatric patient presented with facial swelling. CT scans showed a left infratemporal mass with erosion of coronoid process and normal dentition. CT guided FNAB suggested the possibility of odontogenic keratocyst. The mass was excised by a transzygomatic approach. A four year followup has not shown any recurrence. The possibility of odontogenic keratocyst needs to be considered while evaluating infratemporal fossa swellings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v20i2.22028 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2014; 20(2): 106-108
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Raju G, Srinivas R, Reddy MD, Reddy CR, Nagesh N. Studies on non-covalent interaction of coumarin attached pyrimidine and 1-methyl indole 1,2,3 triazole analogues with intermolecular telomeric G-quadruplex DNA using ESI-MS and spectroscopy. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2015; 33:489-506. [PMID: 24972013 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.891742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and spectroscopy have been used to evaluate the non-covalent interaction, stoichiometry, and selectivity of two synthetic coumarin-attached nucleoside and non-nucleoside 1,2,3-triazoles, namely, (1-(5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-((2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)5-methyl pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (Tr1) and 4-((1-((-1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (Tr2) with two different human telomeric intermolecular G-quadruplex DNA structures formed by d(T2AG3) and d(T2AG3)2 sequences. ESI-MS studies indicate that Tr1 specifically interacts with four-stranded intermolecular parallel quadruplex complex, whereas Tr2 interacts with two hairpin as well as four-stranded intermolecular parallel quadruplex complexes. UV-Visible spectroscopic studies suggest that Tr1 and Tr2 interact with G-quadruplex structure and unwind them. Job plots show that stoichiometry of ligand:quadruplex DNA is 1:1. Circular dichroism (CD) studies of G-quadruplex DNA and Tr1/Tr2 ligands manifest that they unfold DNA on interaction. Fluorescence studies demonstrate that ligand molecules intercalate between the two stacks of quadruplex DNA and non-radiative energy transfer occurs between the excited ligand molecules (donor) and quadruplex DNA (acceptor), resulting in enhancement of fluorescence emission intensity. Thus, these studies suggest that nucleoside and non-nucleoside ligands efficiently interact with d(T2AG3) and d(T2AG3)2 G-quadruplex DNA but the interaction is not alike with all kinds of quadruplex DNA, this is probably due to the variation in the pharmacophores and structure of the ligand molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raju
- a National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
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Ramesh Babu A, Borkar RM, Raju G, Raju B, Srinivas R. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry study of nilutamide and its stress degradation products: in silico toxicity prediction of degradation products. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 28:788-93. [PMID: 24861745 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nilutamide, a nonsteroidal anti-androgen drug, widely used in the treatment of prostate cancer, was subjected to hydrolytic, photolytic, thermal and oxidative stress conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines Q1A (R2). Nilutamide showed significant degradation under basic hydrolysis and photolytic stress conditions, while it was stable to neutral, acidic and thermal stress conditions. Five degradation products were formed and the chromatographic separation of nilutamide and its degradation products was achieved on a Waters C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% of formic acid in an isocratic elution method. All these degradation products were characterized by LC/MS/MS in negative ion mode, combined with accurate mass measurements. To assign likely structures for the observed degradation products, the fragmentation patterns of the deprotonated drug and its degradation products were compared. The in silico toxicity of the drug and its degradation products was also assessed using TOPKAT software. The carcinogenicity probability of the degradation products, DP-I-IV, was greater than that of nilutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramesh Babu
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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Nagesh N, Raju G, Srinivas R, Ramesh P, Reddy MD, Reddy CR. A dihydroindolizino indole derivative selectively stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA and down-regulates c-MYC expression in human cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mas Haris MRH, Raju G. Preparation and characterization of biopolymers comprising chitosan-grafted-ENR via acid-induced reaction of ENR50 with chitosan. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Thomas B, Raju G. A novel unsupervised fuzzy clustering method for preprocessing of quantitative attributes in association rule mining. Inf Technol Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10799-013-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Raju G, Purna Chander C, Srinivas Reddy K, Srinivas R, Sharma GVM. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of protonated and alkali-cationized Boc-N-protected hybrid peptides containing repeats of D-Ala-APyC and APyC-D-Ala: formation of [b(n-1) + OCH3 + Na]+ and [b(n-1) + OH + Na]+ ions. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:2591-2600. [PMID: 23059875 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Differentiation and structural characterization of positional isomers of non-natural amino acid hybrid peptides by using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n) ) is desirable because of their fundamental importance from the view point of peptide mass spectrometry and also of their increasing importance in the area of research towards biomedical and material applications; hence, the present study is undertaken. METHODS Electrospray ionization ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was used to characterize and differentiate three pairs of positional isomers of Boc-N-protected hybrid peptides containing repeats of D-Ala-APyC and APyC-D-Ala (D-Ala = D-alanine and APyC = trans-3-aminopyran-2-carboxylic acid). RESULTS ESI-MS(n) spectra of protonated and alkali-cationized positional isomeric peptides display characteristic fragmentation involving the peptide backbone, the Boc group, and the side chain. It is observed that abundant rearrangement ions [b(n-1) + OCH(3) + Na](+) or [b(n-1) + OH + Na](+) are formed when D-Ala is present at C-terminus and the presence of APyC at the C-terminus inhibits the formation of rearrangement ions. In addition, abundant b(n-1)(+) ions are formed, presumably with stable oxazolone structures, when the C-terminus of b(n-1) (+) ions possessed D-Ala. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that ESI tandem mass spectrometry is very useful for differentiating positional isomers of hybrid peptides containing D-Ala and APyC amino acids. While the protonated peptides give rise to characteristic sequencing ions, the cationized peptides produce additional rearrangement ions ([b(n-1) + OCH(3) + Na](+) and [b(n-1) + OH + Na](+)) which helps distinguish between the presence of D-Ala and APyC amino acids at the C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raju
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Abstract
Objective: To establish a correlation between clinical picture and bacteriological findings in chronic tonsillitis and to study the efficacy of surface swabs in predicting tonsillar core bacteria.Design: A prospective study analyzing microbiological flora of 149 patients with chronic tonsillitis, 17 patients with acute tonsillitis, 34 control patients and 31 postoperative patients of tonsillectomy was conducted. Surface swabs and fine needle aspiration was done from the tonsils under anesthesia just prior to surgery. Excised tonsils were cultured. A postoperative surface swab was taken in thirty one randomly selected patients three weeks after surgery.Results: Core cultures of 102 out of 149 patients (68%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria. Core pathogenic flora was mono microbial in nature. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest cultured pathogen. When compared with tonsil core pathogens, surface swabs and fine needle aspiration showed 77% and 93% correlation respectively. After tonsillectomy, elimination of pathogenic bacteria from the oropharynx was seen in 97% of the patients.Conclusion: Tonsillectomy eradicated pathogenic microflora from the oropharynx in almost in all patients. Surface swabs have a high degree of reliability and are a useful adjuvant investigation to supplement the clinical diagnosis and can be useful for decision making. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11982 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 109-113
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Purna Chander C, Raju G, Mathai G, Srinivas R, Gaikwad HK, Bantu R, Nagarapu L. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of 3-phenyl-N-(3-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide derivatives: unusual fragmentation involving loss of 11 u. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:207-214. [PMID: 22173810 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Raju G, Ramesh Babu A, Chandramouli N, Sharma GVM, Srinivas R. Differentiation of Boc-N-protected α/β-hybrid peptides containing β-Caa-L-Ala-β-Caa-OMe and β-Caa-L-Ala-β-Caa-NHMe at the C-terminus by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011; 25:3369-3374. [PMID: 22006401 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Gunjal RP, Raju G, Babu AR, Mallikarjun N, Shastri N, Srinivas R. HPLC AND LC-MS STUDIES ON STRESS DEGRADATION BEHAVIOR OF LEVOCETIRIZINE AND DEVELOPMENT OF A VALIDATED SPECIFIC STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.564704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul P. Gunjal
- a National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, IDPL Centre, Balanagar , Hyderabad, India
| | - G. Raju
- b National Centre for Mass Spectrometry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Habsiguda , Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Ramesh Babu
- b National Centre for Mass Spectrometry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Habsiguda , Hyderabad, India
| | - N. Mallikarjun
- a National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, IDPL Centre, Balanagar , Hyderabad, India
| | - Nalini Shastri
- a National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, IDPL Centre, Balanagar , Hyderabad, India
| | - R. Srinivas
- a National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, IDPL Centre, Balanagar , Hyderabad, India
- b National Centre for Mass Spectrometry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Habsiguda , Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
Various methods are used to prevent bronchopleural fistula following anatomical lung resection, as bronchopleural fistula constitutes a life-threatening complication. Pleural flaps are less vascularized, whereas an intercostal muscle flap, although well vascularized, does not offer enough strength for repair. We describe here the use of pleural flaps to strengthen a bronchial closure and cover the defect. Subsequently, an intercostal muscle flap is buttressed over the bronchial stump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Thingnam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Post Graduation Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Ramesh Babu A, Sridhar Y, Raju G, Swamy NS, Srihari P, Ramesh V, Srinivas R. Diastereomeric differentiation of two pairs of glycal derivatives by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:2776-2780. [PMID: 20814985 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Raju G, Ramesh V, Srinivas R, Sharma GVM, Shoban Babu B. Differentiation of Boc-protected alpha,delta-/delta,alpha- and beta,delta-/delta,beta-hybrid peptide positional isomers by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2010; 45:651-663. [PMID: 20527034 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of Boc-N-alpha,delta-/delta,alpha- and beta,delta-/delta,beta-hybrid peptides containing repeats of L-Ala-delta(5)-Caa/delta(5)-Caa-L-Ala and beta(3)-Caa-delta(5)-Caa/delta(5)-Caa-beta(3)-Caa (L-Ala = L-alanine, Caa = C-linked carbo amino acid derived from D-xylose) have been differentiated by both positive and negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MS(n) spectra of protonated isomeric peptides produce characteristic fragmentation involving the peptide backbone, the Boc-group, and the side chain. The dipeptide positional isomers are differentiated by the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the protonated peptides. The loss of 2-methylprop-1-ene is more pronounced for Boc-NH-L-Ala-delta-Caa-OCH(3) (1), whereas it is totally absent for its positional isomer Boc-NH-delta-Caa-L-Ala-OCH(3) (7), instead it shows significant loss of t-butanol. On the other hand, second isomeric pair shows significant loss of t-butanol and loss of acetone for Boc-NH-delta-Caa-beta-Caa-OCH(3) (18), whereas these are insignificant for its positional isomer Boc-NH-beta-Caa-delta-Caa-OCH(3) (13). The tetra- and hexapeptide positional isomers also show significant differences in MS(2) and MS(3) CID spectra. It is observed that 'b' ions are abundant when oxazolone structures are formed through five-membered cyclic transition state and cyclization process for larger 'b' ions led to its insignificant abundance. However, b(1)(+) ion is formed in case of delta,alpha-dipeptide that may have a six-membered substituted piperidone ion structure. Furthermore, ESI negative ion MS/MS has also been found to be useful for differentiating these isomeric peptide acids. Thus, the results of MS/MS of pairs of di-, tetra-, and hexapeptide positional isomers provide peptide sequencing information and distinguish the positional isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raju
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Abstract
Unusual presentations of thyroid neoplasms have been reported from time to time. Four such cases of bizarre presentations of thyroid malignancies seen in the ENT Department of ESIC Hospital, K.K. Nagar, Chennai, India are presented. These cases highlight certain important issues concerning the diagnosis and management. A review of the literature on the subject is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raju
- Department of ENT, ESIC Hospital K. K. Nagar, Chennai, 600 078 India
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Raju G, Ratnam CT, Ibrahim NA, Rahman MZA, Yunus WMZW. Enhancement of PVC/ENR blend properties by poly(methyl acrylate) grafted oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Keays M, Guerra L, Mihill J, Raju G, Al-Asheeri N, Geier P, Gaboury I, Matzinger M, Pike J, Leonard M. Reliability Assessment of Society for Fetal Urology Ultrasound Grading System for Hydronephrosis. J Urol 2008; 180:1680-2; discussion1682-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Keays
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L.A. Guerra
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Mihill
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Raju
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - N. Al-Asheeri
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. Geier
- Division of Nephrology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - I. Gaboury
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Matzinger
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Pike
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M.P. Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Raju G, Reddy PS, Ashok J, Reddy BM, Venugopal A. Solvent-free aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene over supported Ni catalysts using molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1003-9953(08)60067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Keays M, Guerra L, Mihill J, Raju G, Al-Asheeri N, Geier P, Gaboury I, Matzinger M, Pike J, Leonard M. MP-02.02: Reliability and validity assessment of society for fetal urology ultrasound grading system for hydronephrosis. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Isolated native nonrheumatic tricuspid valve endocarditis rarely is described in the absence of intravenous drug use, intracardiac catheters, or cardiac anomalies. We diagnosed tricuspid valve endocarditis in two elderly nonaddicted patients with recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, anemia, and microscopic hematuria that occurred during several months and was caused by Gemella morbillorum and Candida glabrata, respectively. We have reviewed 27 other cases of nonaddicted patients with tricuspid valve endocarditis from the literature and discussed etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome. Mean age was 53.5 years (range, 22 to 74 years old), and 72% had underlying medical conditions. Staphylococcus oureus, Streptococcus bovis, and candida species were the causative organisms in 70% of the cases. Average duration of infection before diagnosis was 9.3 months. We conclude that isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis in nonaddicted patients occurs mainly in the middle-aged and older persons, mimicking chronic illness and community-acquired pneumonia. In the absence of a history of intravenous drug use, diagnostic delays are common. We suggest that right-sided endocarditis must be considered in any patient with the "Tricuspid Syndrome," consisting of recurrent pulmonary events, anemia, and microscopic hematuria. Careful evaluation of prior medical records and clinical course can be very helpful. Echocardiography and serial blood cultures provide the key to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nandakumar
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration New Jerssey Health Care System, Lyons 07939-9998, USA
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Ariyanayagam DC, Naraynsingh V, Busby D, Sieunarine K, Raju G, Jankey N. Thyroid surgery without drainage: 15 years of clinical experience. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1993; 38:69-70. [PMID: 8478835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Drainage in thyroid surgery has been a routine but empirical practice with no scientific evidence to support its benefit. The largest series to date of non-drainage in thyroid surgery is presented, comprising 260 patients over a 15-year period. No case selection for non-drainage was employed. Two hundred and fifty-nine cases were not drained and included toxic goitres, and bilateral and redo procedures. There was one thyroid storm and two cases of subcutaneous fluid collection, treated by needle aspiration. No cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, airway obstruction or death were recorded. This study strongly demonstrates the safety of non-drainage in routine thyroid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ariyanayagam
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, P.O.S., Trinidad, West Indies
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raju
- ENT Department, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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