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Nasiri-Tabrizi B, Basirun WJ, Walvekar R, Yeong CH, Phang SW. Exploring the potential of intermetallic alloys as implantable biomaterials: A comprehensive review. Biomater Adv 2024; 161:213854. [PMID: 38703541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the utilization of intermetallic alloys (IMAs) as advanced biomaterials for medical implants, scrutinizing their conceptual framework, fabrication challenges, and diverse manufacturing techniques such as casting, powder metallurgy, and additive manufacturing. Manufacturing techniques such as casting, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and injection molding are discussed, with specific emphasis on achieving optimal grain sizes, surface roughness, and mechanical properties. Post-treatment methods aimed at refining surface quality, dimensional precision, and mechanical properties of IMAs are explored, including the use of heat treatments to enhance biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The review presents an in-depth examination of IMAs-based implantable biomaterials, covering lab-scale developments and commercial-scale implants. Specific IMAs such as Nickel Titanium, Titanium Aluminides, Iron Aluminides, Magnesium-based IMAs, Zirconium-based IMAs, and High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are highlighted, with detailed discussions on their mechanical properties, including strength, elastic modulus, and corrosion resistance. Future directions are outlined, with an emphasis on the anticipated growth in the orthopedic devices market and the role of IMAs in meeting this demand. The potential of porous IMAs in orthopedics is explored, with emphasis on achieving optimal pore sizes and distributions for enhanced osseointegration. The review concludes by highlighting the ongoing need for research and development efforts in IMAs technologies, including advancements in design and fabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Jefrey Basirun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Siew Wei Phang
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nagarajan T, Vilosamy K, Raju G, Shanmugan S, Walvekar R, Rustagi S, Khalid M. Investigating the adsorption potential of char derived from waste latex for methylene blue removal. Chemosphere 2024; 358:141936. [PMID: 38614393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye using latex char derived from pyrolysis of latex gloves. The adsorption process was investigated systematically using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD). The effects of four key variables, namely pH, time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage, were studied using a factorial design enriched with center points and axial points. Experimental data were analyzed using a second-order polynomial regression model to construct a response surface model, which elucidated the relationship between the variables and MB removal efficiency. The study found that the char obtained at 800 °C exhibited the highest adsorption capacity due to its increased carbonization, expanded surface area, and diverse pore structure. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed the significance of the quadratic model, with remarkable agreement between predicted and experimental outcomes. Diagnostic plots validated the model's reliability, while 3D contour graphs illustrated the combined effects of variables on MB removal efficiency. Optimization using DoE software identified optimal conditions resulting in a 99% removal efficiency, which closely matched experimental results. Additionally, adsorption isotherms revealed that the Freundlich model best described the adsorption behavior, indicating heterogeneous surface adsorption with multilayer adsorption. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the adsorption process of MB dye using latex char, with implications for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachnatharen Nagarajan
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khirthiga Vilosamy
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Subramani Shanmugan
- Nano Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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3
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Mohd Abdah MAA, Mohammad Azlan FN, Wong WP, Mustafa MN, Walvekar R, Khalid M. Microwave-assisted upcycling of plastic waste to high-performance carbon anode for lithium-ion batteries. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140973. [PMID: 38122940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has emphasized the need for affordable and sustainable materials, prompting the exploration of waste upcycling to address global sustainability challenges. In this study, we efficiently converted polypropylene (PP) plastic waste from used centrifuge tubes into activated polypropylene carbon (APC) using microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The synthesis of APC was optimized using response surface methodology/central composite design (RSM/CCD). Based on the RSM results, the optimal conditions for PP plastic conversion into carbon were determined as follows: HNO3 concentration of 3.5 M, microwave temperature of 230 °C, and holding time of 25 min. Under these conditions, the obtained intensity ratio of Id/Ig in PP carbon was 0.681 ± 0.013, with an error of 6.81 ± 0.013 % between predicted and actual values. The physicochemical studies, including FESEM-EDX, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy, confirmed the successful synthesis of APC samples. The APC 800 material exhibited a well-organized three-dimensional structure characterized by large pores and mesopores, enabling fast ion transport in the electrode. As a result, the APC 800 electrode demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 381.0 mAh/g, an improved initial coulombic efficiency of 85.1%, and excellent cycling stability after 100 cycles. Notably, the APC 800 electrode displayed remarkable rate performance, showing a reversible capacity of 355.1 mAh/g when the current density was reset to 0.2 A/g, highlighting its high electrochemical reversibility. The outstanding characteristics of APC 800 as an anode electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries suggest a promising future for its application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amirul Aizat Mohd Abdah
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathihah Nabila Mohammad Azlan
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Weng Pin Wong
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Norhaffis Mustafa
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Liveable Urban Communities Impact Lab, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, Taylor's University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Nagarajan T, Sridewi N, Wong WP, Walvekar R, Khalid M. Enhanced tribological properties of diesel-based engine oil through synergistic MoS 2-graphene nanohybrid additive. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17424. [PMID: 37833323 PMCID: PMC10575967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research explores the potential of microwave-synthesized MoS2-graphene nanohybrid as additives to enhance the tribological properties of diesel-based engine oil. The synthesis method offers significant advantages, reducing both synthesis time and energy consumption by 90-98% compared to conventional approaches. The synthesized nanohybrids are characterized through FESEM, EDX, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy to understand their morphology and functional group interactions. These nanohybrids are incorporated into 20W40 engine oil following synthesis, and a comprehensive assessment of their properties is conducted. This evaluation covers critical parameters like viscosity index, stability, volatility, as well as tribological properties, oxidation resistance, and thermal conductivity of the oil-nanohybrid system. Results demonstrate that adding just 0.05 wt% of MoS2-graphene nanohybrid leads to a remarkable 58.82% reduction in friction coefficient and a significant 36.26% decrease in the average wear scar diameter. Additionally, oxidation resistance improves by 19.21%, while thermal conductivity increases notably by 19.83% (at 100 °C). The study demonstrates the synergistic effects of these nanohybrids in reducing friction and wear, enhancing oxidation resistance, and improving thermal conductivity. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of microwave-synthesized MoS2-graphene nanohybrid as promising tribological additives for diesel engine oils. Their successful integration could significantly enhance the performance and durability of critical mechanical components in diesel engines, representing a significant advancement in lubrication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachnatharen Nagarajan
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Sridewi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Weng Pin Wong
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Programme, Taylor's University Malaysia, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Liveable Urban Communities Impact Lab, Taylor's University Malaysia, No.1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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Nagarajan T, Sridewi N, Wong WP, Walvekar R, Khanna V, Khalid M. Synergistic performance evaluation of MoS 2-hBN hybrid nanoparticles as a tribological additive in diesel-based engine oil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12559. [PMID: 37532805 PMCID: PMC10397337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, MoS2-hBN hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using an advanced microwave platform for new nanolubricant formulations. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The hybrid nanoparticles were then introduced into a 20W40 diesel-based engine oil to produce a nanolubricant. The physical and chemical properties of the nanolubricant were investigated, including the viscosity index, stability, volatility, tribological properties, oxidation properties, and thermal conductivity. The results showed that the inclusion of 0.05 wt% MoS2-hBN hybrid nanoparticles in the oil significantly reduced the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter by 68.48% and 35.54%, respectively. Moreover, it exhibited substantial oxidation and thermal conductivity improvement of 38.76% and 28.30%, respectively, at 100 °C. These findings demonstrate the potential of MoS2-hBN hybrid nanoparticles as an effective additive to enhance the properties of nanolubricant significantly. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed enhancements. The promising outcomes of this investigation contribute to the advancement of nanotechnology-based lubricants, showcasing their potential for improving engine efficiency and prolonging the lifespan of machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachnatharen Nagarajan
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Sridewi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Weng Pin Wong
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Virat Khanna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MAIT, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, HP, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
- School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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6
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Sudarsono W, Ying Tan S, Yin Wong W, Saiha Omar F, Ramya K, Mehmood S, Numan A, Walvekar R, Khalid M. From Catalyst Structure Design to Electrode Fabrication of Platinum-free Electrocatalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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7
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Khosla A, Sonu, Awan HTA, Singh K, Gaurav, Walvekar R, Zhao Z, Kaushik A, Khalid M, Chaudhary V. Emergence of MXene and MXene-Polymer Hybrid Membranes as Future- Environmental Remediation Strategies. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203527. [PMID: 36316226 PMCID: PMC9798995 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deterioration of the environment due to extensive industrialization and urbanization has raised the requirement to devise high-performance environmental remediation technologies. Membrane technologies, primarily based on conventional polymers, are the most commercialized air, water, solid, and radiation-based environmental remediation strategies. Low stability at high temperatures, swelling in organic contaminants, and poor selectivity are the fundamental issues associated with polymeric membranes restricting their scalable viability. Polymer-metal-carbides and nitrides (MXenes) hybrid membranes possess remarkable physicochemical attributes, including strong mechanical endurance, high mechanical flexibility, superior adsorptive behavior, and selective permeability, due to multi-interactions between polymers and MXene's surface functionalities. This review articulates the state-of-the-art MXene-polymer hybrid membranes, emphasizing its fabrication routes, enhanced physicochemical properties, and improved adsorptive behavior. It comprehensively summarizes the utilization of MXene-polymer hybrid membranes for environmental remediation applications, including water purification, desalination, ion-separation, gas separation and detection, containment adsorption, and electromagnetic and nuclear radiation shielding. Furthermore, the review highlights the associated bottlenecks of MXene-Polymer hybrid-membranes and its possible alternate solutions to meet industrial requirements. Discussed are opportunities and prospects related to MXene-polymer membrane to devise intelligent and next-generation environmental remediation strategies with the integration of modern age technologies of internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, machine-learning, 5G-communication and cloud-computing are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Khosla
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126P. R. China
| | - Sonu
- School Advanced of Chemical SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesBajholSolanHP173212India
| | - Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG)School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
| | - Karambir Singh
- School of Physics and Material scienceShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesBajholSolanHP173212India
| | - Gaurav
- Department of BotanyRamjas CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab)University of DelhiNew Delhi110072India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSchool of New Energy and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University MalaysiaJalan Sunsuria, Bandar SunsuriaSepangSelangor43900Malaysia
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126P. R. China
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech LaboratoryHealth System EngineeringDepartment of Environmental EngineeringFlorida Polytechnic UniversityLakelandFL33805USA
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES)DehradunUttarakhand248007India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG)School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science and Engineering (SMS2E) Research ClusterSunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversitiBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of PhysicsBhagini Nivedita CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab)University of DelhiNew Delhi110072India
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Teh JL, Walvekar R, Nagarajan T, Said Z, Khalid M, Mubarak NM. A review on the properties and tribological performance of recent non-aqueous miscible lubricants. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Markandan K, Tiong YW, Sankaran R, Subramanian S, Markandan UD, Chaudhary V, Numan A, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Emergence of infectious diseases and role of advanced nanomaterials in point-of-care diagnostics: a review. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-89. [PMID: 36243900 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2127070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infectious outbreaks are the foremost global public health concern, challenging the current healthcare system, which claims millions of lives annually. The most crucial way to control an infectious outbreak is by early detection through point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. POC diagnostics are highly advantageous owing to the prompt diagnosis, which is economical, simple and highly efficient with remote access capabilities. In particular, utilization of nanomaterials to architect POC devices has enabled highly integrated and portable (compact) devices with enhanced efficiency. As such, this review will detail the factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases and methods for fast and accurate detection, thus elucidating the underlying factors of these infections. Furthermore, it comprehensively highlights the importance of different nanomaterials in POCs to detect nucleic acid, whole pathogens, proteins and antibody detection systems. Finally, we summarize findings reported on nanomaterials based on advanced POCs such as lab-on-chip, lab-on-disc-devices, point-of-action and hospital-on-chip. To this end, we discuss the challenges, potential solutions, prospects of integrating internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, 5G communications and data clouding to achieve intelligent POCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaimani Markandan
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Drive, Singapore
- Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wei Tiong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive, Singapore
| | - Revathy Sankaran
- Graduate School, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sakthinathan Subramanian
- Department of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT), Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nagarajan T, Khalid M, Sridewi N, Jagadish P, Walvekar R. Microwave Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles Using Response Surface Methodology for Tribological Application. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3369. [PMID: 36234497 PMCID: PMC9565904 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We used response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) model to optimize the synthesis time and temperature of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles using the flexiWAVE microwave. Furthermore, the synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles were used in SAE 20W50 diesel engine oil to study the tribological properties according to ASTM standards using a four-ball tribotester. The optimization result shows that the synthesis temperature and time for the MoS2 nanoparticles in the microwave were ~200 °C and ~15 min, respectively, with a coefficient of friction (COF) and average wear scar diameter (WSD) of 0.0849 and 320 μm. Furthermore, the difference between the experimental and predicted values was minimal (1.88% (COF) and 0.625% (WSD)), which was similar to the optimization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachnatharen Nagarajan
- Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Research Cluster, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nanthini Sridewi
- Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, National Defense University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Jagadish
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
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Said Z, Sohail MA, Walvekar R, Liu C. Impact of sonication durations on thermophysical properties, contact angle and surface tension of f-MWCNTs nanofluid for heat transfer. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Michael FM, Khalid M, Chantara Thevy R, Raju G, Shahabuddin S, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM. Graphene/Nanohydroxyapatite hybrid reinforced polylactic acid nanocomposite for load-bearing applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Gunasunderi Raju
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | - Syed Shahabuddin
- Department of Science, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Knowledge Corridor Raisan Village, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
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Sheth Y, Dharaskar S, Chaudhary V, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Prospects of titanium carbide-based MXene in heavy metal ion and radionuclide adsorption for wastewater remediation: A review. Chemosphere 2022; 293:133563. [PMID: 35007610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of water sources with various organic and inorganic non-biodegradable pollutants is becoming a growing concern due to industrialization, urbanization, and the inefficiency of traditional wastewater treatment processes. Transition Metal Carbides/Nitrides (MXenes) are emerging as advanced nanomaterials of choice for treating contaminated water owing to their excellent conductivity, mechanical flexibility, high specific surface area, scalable production, rich surface functionalities, and layered morphology. MXenes have demonstrated enhanced ability to adsorb various organic and inorganic contaminants depending upon their surface terminal groups (-OH, -F, and -O) and interlayer spacing. Titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) is most researched to date due to its ease of processing and stability. Ti3C2Tx has shown excellent performance in absorbing heavy metal ions and radioactive heavy metals. This review summarizes state-of-the-art Ti3C2Tx synthesis, including selective etching techniques, optimization of the desired adsorption features (controlling surface functional groups, intercalation, sonication, and functionalization), and regeneration and adsorption mechanism to remove contaminants. Furthermore, the review also compares the adsorption performance of Ti3C2Tx with other commercial adsorbents (including chitosan, cellulose, biomass, and zeolites). Ti3C2Tx has been found to have an adsorption efficiency of more than 90% in most studies due to its layered structure, which makes the functional groups easily accessible, unique and novel compared to other conventional nanomaterials and adsorbents. The challenges, potential solutions, and prospects associated with the commercial development of Ti3C2Tx as adsorbents are also discussed. The review establishes a framework for future wastewater treatment research using MXenes to address the global problem of water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashvi Sheth
- Nano-Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar Gujarat, India, 382426
| | - Swapnil Dharaskar
- Nano-Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Raisan, Gandhinagar Gujarat, India, 382426.
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of New Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sheth Y, Dharaskar S, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Investigating chromium Cr(VI) removal using imidazolium based ionic liquid-chitosan composite adsorptive film. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Xiong Chang X, Mujawar Mubarak N, Ali Mazari S, Sattar Jatoi A, Ahmad A, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah E, Karri RR, Siddiqui M, Nizamuddin S. A review on the properties and applications of chitosan, cellulose and deep eutectic solvent in green chemistry. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Khalid M, Ratnam CT, Wei SJ, Ketabchi MR, Raju G, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM. Effect of electron beam radiation on POLY(LACTIC acid) biocomposites reinforced with waste tea powder. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Walvekar R, Chen YY, Saputra R, Khalid M, Panchal H, Chandran D, Mubarak NM, Sadasivuni KK. Deep eutectic solvents-based CNT nanofluid – A potential alternative to conventional heat transfer fluids. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Mehmood A, Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Mazari SA, Jatoi AS, Khalid M, Tan YH, Karri RR, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Nizamuddin S. Carbon and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites for oil-spill remediation-a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:54477-54496. [PMID: 34424475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills are a major contributor to water contamination, which sets off a significant impact on the environment, biodiversity, and economy. Efficient removal of oil spills is needed for the protection of marine species as well as the environment. Conventional approaches are not efficient enough for oil-water separation; therefore, effective strategies and efficient removal techniques (and materials) must be developed to restore the contaminated marine to its normal ecology. Several research studies have shown that nanotechnology provides efficient features to clean up these oil spills from the water using magnetic nanomaterials, particularly carbon/polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites. Surface modification of these nanomaterials via different techniques render them with salient innovative features. The present review discusses the advantages and limitations of conventional and advanced techniques for the oil spills removal from wastewater. Furthermore, the synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites, their utilization in oil-water separation, and adsorption mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the advancement and future perspectives of magnetic nanocomposites (particularly of carbon and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites) in environmental remediation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Mehmood
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Shaukat Ali Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sattar Jatoi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yie Hua Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Michael FM, Khalid M, Raju G, Ratnam CT, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM. Viscoelastic Properties and Thermal Stability of Nanohydroxyapatite Reinforced Poly-Lactic Acid for Load Bearing Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195852. [PMID: 34641395 PMCID: PMC8510238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the reinforcing effects of treated and untreated nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) on poly-lactic acid (PLA). The NHA surface was treated with three different types of chemicals; 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylenimine (PEI). The nanocomposite samples were prepared using melt mixing techniques by blending 5 wt% untreated NHA and 5 wt% surface-treated NHA (mNHA). Based on the FESEM images, the interfacial adhesion between the mNHA filler and PLA matrix was improved upon surface treatment in the order of mNHA (APTES) > mNHA (SDS) > mNHA (PEI). As a result, the PLA-5wt%mNHA (APTES) nanocomposite showed increased viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, damping parameter, and creep permanent deformation compared to pure PLA. Similarly, PLA-5wt%mNHA (APTES) thermal properties improved, attaining higher Tc and Tm than pure PLA, reflecting the enhanced nucleating effect of the mNHA (APTES) filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feven Mattews Michael
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (G.R.); Tel.: +60-4-6533933 (M.K.); +60-3-7491-8622 (G.R.); Fax: +60-3-5635-8633 (M.K.)
| | - Gunasunderi Raju
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (G.R.); Tel.: +60-4-6533933 (M.K.); +60-3-7491-8622 (G.R.); Fax: +60-3-5635-8633 (M.K.)
| | - Chantara Thevy Ratnam
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia;
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri 98009, Malaysia;
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20
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Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Tan YH, Khalid M, Karri RR, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Nizamuddin S, Mazari SA. A comprehensive review on magnetic carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-based buckypaper for removal of heavy metals and dyes. J Hazard Mater 2021; 413:125375. [PMID: 33930951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial effluents contain several organic and inorganic contaminants. Among others, dyes and heavy metals introduce a serious threat to drinking waterbodies. These pollutants can be noxious or carcinogenic in nature, and harmful to humans and different aquatic species. Therefore, it is of high importance to remove heavy metals and dyes to reduce their environmental toxicity. This has led to an extensive research for the development of novel materials and techniques for the removal of heavy metals and dyes. One route to the removal of these pollutants is the utilization of magnetic carbon nanotubes (CNT) as adsorbents. Magnetic carbon nanotubes hold remarkable properties such as surface-volume ratio, higher surface area, convenient separation methods, etc. The suitable characteristics of magnetic carbon nanotubes have led them to an extensive search for their utilization in water purification. Along with magnetic carbon nanotubes, the buckypaper (BP) membranes are also favorable due to their unique strength, high porosity, and adsorption capability. However, BP membranes are mostly used for salt removal from the aqueous phase and limited literature shows their applications for removal of heavy metals and dyes. This study focuses on the existence of heavy metal ions and dyes in the aquatic environment, and methods for their removal. Various fabrication approaches for the development of magnetic-CNTs and CNT-based BP membranes are also discussed. With the remarkable separation performance and ultra-high-water flux, magnetic-CNTs, and CNT-based BP membranes have a great potential to be the leading technologies for water treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yie Hua Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shaukat Ali Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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21
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Vaka M, Walvekar R, Khalid M, Jagadish P, Low JH. Corrosion, rheology, and thermal ageing behaviour of the eutectic salt-based graphene hybrid nanofluid for high-temperature TES applications. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Chew KW, Khoo KS, Foo HT, Chia SR, Walvekar R, Lim SS. Algae utilization and its role in the development of green cities. Chemosphere 2021; 268:129322. [PMID: 33359993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid urbanisation happening around the world followed by the massive demand for clean energy resources, green cities play a pivotal role in building a sustainable future for the people. The continuing depletion of natural resources has led to the development of renewable energy with algae as the promising source. The high growth rate of microalgae and their strong bio-fixation ability to convert CO2 into O2 have been gaining attention globally and intensive research has been conducted regarding the microalgae benefits. The focus on potential of microalgae in contributing to the development of green cities is rising. The advantage of microalgae is their ability to gather energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide, followed by transforming the nutrients into biomass and oxygen. This leads to the creation of green cities through algae cultivation as waste and renewable materials can be put to good use. The challenges that arise when using algae and the future prospect in terms of SDGs and economy will also be covered in this review. The future of green cities can be enhanced with the adaptation of algae as the source of renewable plants to create a better outlook of an algae green city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Thung Foo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shir Reen Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Siew Shee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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23
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Mehmood A, Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Tan YH, Karri RR, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Nizamuddin S, Mazari SA. Magnetic nanocomposites for sustainable water purification-a comprehensive review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:19563-19588. [PMID: 33651297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous contaminants in huge amounts are discharged to the environment from various anthropogenic activities. Waterbodies are one of the major receivers of these contaminants. The contaminated water can pose serious threats to humans and animals, by distrubing the ecosystem. In treating the contaminated water, adsorption processes have attained significant maturity due to lower cost, easy operation and environmental friendliness. The adsorption process uses various adsorbent materials and some of emerging adsorbent materials include carbon- and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites. These hybrid magnetic nanocomposites have attained extensive applications in water treatment technologies due to their magnetic properties as well as combination of unique characteristics of organic and inorganic elements. Carbon- and polymer-related magnetic nanocomposites are more adapted materials for the removal of various kinds of contaminants from waterbodies. These nanocomposites can be produced via different approaches such as filling, pulse-laser irradiation, ball milling, and electro-spinning. This comprehensive review is compiled by reviewing published work of last the latest recent 3 years. The review article extensively focuses on different approaches for producing various carbon- and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites, their merits and demerits and applications for sustainable water purification. More specifically, use of carbon- and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites for removal of heavy metal ions and dyes is discussed in detail, critically analyzed and compared with other technologies. In addition, commercial viability in terms of regeneration of adsorbents is also reviewed. Furthermore, the future challenges and prospects in employing magnetic nanocomposites for contaminant removal from various water sources are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Mehmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yie Hua Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shaukat Ali Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Thou CZ, Khan FSA, Mubarak N, Ahmad A, Khalid M, Jagadish P, Walvekar R, Abdullah E, Khan S, Khan M, Hussain S, Ahmad I, Algarni TS. Surface charge on chitosan/cellulose nanowhiskers composite via functionalized and untreated carbon nanotube. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Saputra R, Walvekar R, Khalid M, Mubarak NM, Sillanpää M. Current progress in waste tire rubber devulcanization. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129033. [PMID: 33250228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vulcanized rubber, due to its superior mechanical properties, has long been used in various industries, especially automotive. The rubber industry has evolved and expanded over the years to meet the increasing global demands for tires. Today tires consist of about 19% natural rubber and 24% synthetic rubber, while plastic polymer and metal, filler and additives make up the rest. Over 1.6 billion new tires are produced annually and around 1 billion waste tires are generated. Tires are extensively designed with several complex processes to make them virtually indestructible. Since tire rubber does not decompose easily, their disposal at the end of service life creates a monumental environmental impact. However, waste tire rubber (WTR) consist of valuable rubber hydrocarbon, making its recovery or regeneration highly desirable. The conventional recovery method of WTR tends to produce undesirable products due to the destruction of the polymeric chain and exponentially degenerates the vulcanizates' physical properties. Since then, multiple devulcanization processes were introduced to effectively and selectively cleave vulcanizate's crosslinks while retaining the polymeric networks. Different devulcanization methods such as chemical, mechanical, irradiation, biological and their combinations that have been explored until now are reviewed here. Besides, an overview of the latest development of devulcanization by ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are also described. While such devulcanization technique provides new sustainability pathway(s) for WTR, the generated devulcanizate also possesses comparable physical properties to that of virgin products. This further opens the possibility of novel circular economic opportunities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Saputra
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, 43900, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
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26
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Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Ahmad A, Karri RR, Pakalapati H. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydroxyapatite nanorods reinforced with polypropylene for biomedical application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:843. [PMID: 33437011 PMCID: PMC7804326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and hydroxyapatite nanorods (n-HA) were reinforced into polypropylene (PP) with the support of a melt compounding approach. Varying composition of f-MWCNTs (0.1–0.3 wt.%) and nHA (15–20 wt.%) were reinforced into PP, to obtain biocomposites of different compositions. The morphology, thermal and mechanical characteristics of PP/n-HA/f-MWCNTs were observed. Tensile studies reflected that the addition of f-MWCNTs is advantageous in improving the tensile strength of PP/n-HA nanocomposites but decreases its Young’s modulus significantly. Based on the thermal study, the f-MWCNTs and n-HA were known to be adequate to enhance PP’s thermal and dimensional stability. Furthermore, MTT studies proved that PP/n-HA/f-MWCNTs are biocompatible. Consequently, f-MWCNTs and n-HA reinforced into PP may be a promising nanocomposite in orthopedics industry applications such as the human subchondral bone i.e. patella and cartilage and fabricating certain light-loaded implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N M Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E C Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Harshini Pakalapati
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Brogans, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Tan YH, Karri RR, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Mazari SA, Nizamuddin S. Magnetic nanoparticles incorporation into different substrates for dyes and heavy metals removal-A Review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:43526-43541. [PMID: 32909134 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial discharge of hazardous substances, especially dyes and heavy metal ions to the environment, has become a global concern due to many industries neglecting the environmental protocols in waste management. A massive discharge of contaminantsfrom different anthropogenic activities, can pose alarming threats to living species and adverse effect to the ecosystem stability. In the process of treating the polluted water, various methods and materials are used. Hybrid nanocomposites have attained numerous interest due to the combination of remarkable features of the organic and inorganic elements in a single material. In this regards, carbon and polymer based nanocomposites have gained particular interest because of their tremendous magnetic properties and stability. These nanocomposites can be fabricated using several approaches that include filling, template, hydrothermal, pulsed-laser irradiation, electro-spinning, detonation induced reaction, pyrolysis, ball milling, melt-blending, and many more. Moreover, carbon-based and polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites have been utilized for an extensive number of applications such as removal of heavy metal and dye adsorbents, magnetic resonance imaging, and drug delivery. This review emphasized mainly on the production of magnetic carbon and polymer nanocomposites employing various approaches and their applications in water and wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges in applying magnetic nanocomposites for heavy metal ion and dye removal from water and wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Yie Hua Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaukat Ali Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Mehmood A, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Jagadish P, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC. Graphene/PVA buckypaper for strain sensing application. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20106. [PMID: 33208815 PMCID: PMC7675985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain sensors in the form of buckypaper (BP) infiltrated with various polymers are considered a viable option for strain sensor applications such as structural health monitoring and human motion detection. Graphene has outstanding properties in terms of strength, heat and current conduction, optics, and many more. However, graphene in the form of BP has not been considered earlier for strain sensing applications. In this work, graphene-based BP infiltrated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was synthesized by vacuum filtration technique and polymer intercalation. First, Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared via treatment with sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Whereas, to obtain high-quality BP, GO was sonicated in ethanol for 20 min with sonication intensity of 60%. FTIR studies confirmed the oxygenated groups on the surface of GO while the dispersion characteristics were validated using zeta potential analysis. The nanocomposite was synthesized by varying BP and PVA concentrations. Mechanical and electrical properties were measured using a computerized tensile testing machine, two probe method, and hall effect, respectively. The electrical conducting properties of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing PVA content; likewise, electron mobility also decreased while electrical resistance increased. The optimization study reports the highest mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young’s Modulus, and elongation at break of 200.55 MPa, 6.59 GPa, and 6.79%, respectively. Finally, electrochemical testing in a strain range of ε ~ 4% also testifies superior strain sensing properties of 60 wt% graphene BP/PVA with a demonstration of repeatability, accuracy, and preciseness for five loading and unloading cycles with a gauge factor of 1.33. Thus, results prove the usefulness of the nanocomposite for commercial and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Mehmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N M Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Jagadish
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E C Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vaka M, Walvekar R, Rasheed AK, Khalid M. A review on Malaysia's solar energy pathway towards carbon-neutral Malaysia beyond Covid'19 pandemic. J Clean Prod 2020; 273:122834. [PMID: 32834565 PMCID: PMC7355333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
COVID'19 pandemic has devastated several industries and solar energy is no exception. In its economic relief package, Malaysia has announced approximately US$ 2.9 billion in expenditure for the installation of new grids, LED street lights and rooftop solar panels. The Government will also open the tender for a 1400 MW solar power project in the year 2020, which is expected to generate 5 billion ringgit (US$1.1 billion) in investments. As these measures are intended to sustain the existing growth of solar energy potential in the country, it is vital to assess its status quo. Hence, this paper aims to review the current status of renewable energy in Malaysia as well as the initiatives taken before the pandemic to promote solar photovoltaic (PV) technology to meet the energy demands through the low-carbon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Vaka
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Khaliq Rasheed
- New Energy Science and Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene Advanced Materials Research Group, Sunway University, 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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Chang YS, Au PI, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Jagadish P, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC. Adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from wastewater onto bentonite and bentonite/GO composite. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:33270-33296. [PMID: 32529626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two superior adsorbents, namely bentonite and graphene oxide (GO), were hybridised to study the removal of copper and nickel ions from synthetic and industrial wastewater. The as-synthesised GO, bentonite/GO and bentonite were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The factors influencing the adsorption behaviours including contact time, initial solution pH, ionic strength, initial concentration of metal ions, temperature and adsorbent dosage were systematically investigated by batch equilibrium method. The adsorption equilibrium for copper and nickel onto bentonite was attained in 90 min while equilibrium was reached in 60 min on bentonite/GO. The adsorption of copper and nickel was pH-dependent in the range from pH 2 to pH 7 and from pH 2 to pH 8. Pseudo-first-order kinetic model excellently described the adsorption of copper and nickel onto bentonite and bentonite/GO. The equilibrium adsorption data was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 248.9 mg/g, 558.4 mg/g, 215.8 mg/g and 402.5 mg/g for bentonite-copper, bentonite/GO-copper, bentonite-nickel and bentonite/GO-nickel adsorption systems, respectively. The bentonite/GO composite exhibited a higher adsorption capacity of both cations from synthetic wastewater than pure bentonite owning to the synergistic effect between bentonite and GO. In all adsorption studies, copper was more efficiently removed than nickel due to its higher tendency to form bond with adsorbent surfaces. The adsorption of copper and nickel on bentonite/GO was mainly due to cation exchange, intermolecular and electrostatic interactions and physisorption dominated the adsorption processes. The practical application of bentonite/GO on adsorption of copper was investigated using real wastewater and its removal efficiency was beyond 98%. The excellent adsorption performances of composites for the copper and nickel removal from wastewater demonstrated its significant potential for pollution mitigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yii Shiuan Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Pek Ing Au
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Jagadish
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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31
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Wong CY, Wong WY, Loh KS, Khalid M, Wan Daud WR, Lim KL, Walvekar R. Influences of crosslinked carboxylic acid monomers on the proton conduction characteristics of chitosan/SPVA composite membranes. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Mazari SA, Nizamuddin S, Karri RR. Magnetic nanoadsorbents' potential route for heavy metals removal-a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:24342-24356. [PMID: 32306264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid growth in the heavy metal-based industries, their effluent and local dumping have created significant environmental issues. In the past, typically, removal of heavy metals was handled by reverse osmosis and ion exchange techniques, but these methods have many disadvantages. Therefore, extensive work into the development of improved techniques has increased, especially for heavy metal removal. Many countries are currently researching new materials and techniques based on nanotechnology for various applications that involve extracting heavy metals from different water sources such as wastewater, groundwater, drinking water and surface water. Nanotechnology provides the possibility of enhancing existing techniques to tackle problems more efficiently. The development in nanotechnology has led to the discovery of many new materials such as magnetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrate excellent properties such as surface-volume ratio, higher surface area, low toxicity and easy separation. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles can be easily and efficiently recovered after adsorption compared with other typical adsorbents. This review mainly emphasises on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using magnetic nanoadsorbent from aqueous solution. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the synthesis, characterisation and modification approaches of magnetic nanoparticles is systematically presented. Furthermore, future opportunities and challenges of using magnetic particles as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaukat A Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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33
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Hoor YQ, Au PI, Mubarak N, Khalid M, Jagadish P, Walvekar R, Abdullah E. Surface force arising from Adsorbed graphene oxide in kaolinite suspensions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Chai JB, Au PI, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Ng WPQ, Jagadish P, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC. Adsorption of heavy metal from industrial wastewater onto low-cost Malaysian kaolin clay-based adsorbent. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:13949-13962. [PMID: 32036527 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption capacity and percentage removal efficiency of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were studied and compared between raw kaolinite and acid-activated kaolinite. Acid-activated kaolin was prepared by refluxing raw kaolinite with concentrated sulphuric acid followed by calcination to enhance its surface properties and adsorption ability. Both raw and acid-activated kaolinite samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, scanning electron micrograph and zeta potential analysis. Upon acid treatment, acid-activated kaolinite was discovered to have altered chemical composition and larger BET surface area as compared with raw kaolinite. The batch adsorption studies on aqueous solution were performed under different factors such as contact time, pH condition, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. The optimum condition was selected for each factor including a contact time of 60 min, pH of 7.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g, initial metal ion concentration of 100 mg/L and temperature of 25 °C. Then, the adsorption studies on wastewater samples were carried out at the selected optimum conditions. Acid-activated kaolinite always had better adsorption capacity and percentage removal efficiency than raw kaolinite due to the increasing amount of negative charges on the adsorbent surface and the number of metal ion binding sites upon acid treatment. The adsorption kinetic obtained was well described by the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the adsorption isotherms obtained were well described by either the Freundlich or the Langmuir adsorption model. The results showed that acid-activated kaolinite adsorbent is a better option as a favourable and feasible commercial low-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Boon Chai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Pek-Ing Au
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Pei-Qin Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Jagadish
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Engineering, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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35
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Hairuddin MN, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Abdullah EC, Walvekar R, Karri RR. Magnetic palm kernel biochar potential route for phenol removal from wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:35183-35197. [PMID: 31691169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of water resources due to the disposal of industrial wastes that have organic material like phenol is causing worldwide concern because of their toxicity towards aquatic life, human beings and the environment. Phenol causes nervous system damage, renal kidney disease, mental retardation, cancer and anaemia. In this study, magnetic palm kernel biochar is used for removal of phenol from wastewater. The effect of parameters such as pH, agitation speed, contact time and magnetic biochar dosage are validated using design of experiments. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (93.39%) of phenol are obtained at pH of 8, magnetic biochar dosage of 0.6 g, agitation speed at 180 rpm and time of 60 min with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacities of phenol were found to be 10.84 mg/g and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models match the experimental data very well and adsorption kinetic obeys a pseudo-second order. Hence, magnetic palm kernel can be a potential candidate for phenol removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazmi Hairuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra (Jalan Semarak), 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), School of Engineering, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Mukim Gadong A, Brunei Darussalam
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36
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ElKelawy M, Bastawissi HA, El‐Shenawy EA, Panchal H, Sadashivuni K, Ponnamma D, Al‐Hofy M, Thakar N, Walvekar R. Experimental investigations on spray flames and emissions analysis of diesel and diesel/biodiesel blends for combustion in oxy‐fuel burner. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Medhat ElKelawy
- Mechanical Power Engineering Departments, Faculty of EngineeringTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | | | | | - Hitesh Panchal
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringGovernment Engineering College Patan Patan India
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Al‐Hofy
- Mechanical Power Engineering Departments, Faculty of EngineeringTanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Nishant Thakar
- Mechanical Engineering Departmentshree satsangi Saketdham Ram ashram prerit Group of Institutions Satsangi, Mehsana India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentTaylors University Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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37
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Wong CY, Wong WY, Loh KS, Daud WRW, Lim KL, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Development of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Challenges in Fuel Cell Application: A Review. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1641514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yik Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yin Wong
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kee Shyuan Loh
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Kean Long Lim
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor’s University Lakeside, Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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38
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Magendran SS, Khan FSA, Mubarak N, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah E, Nizamuddin S, Karri RR. Synthesis of organic phase change materials by using carbon nanotubes as filler material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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39
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Yee MJ, Mubarak N, Abdullah E, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Karri RR, Nizamuddin S, Numan A. Carbon nanomaterials based films for strain sensing application—A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Chandran D, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Mubarak NM, Dharaskar S, Wong WY, Gupta TCSM. Deep eutectic solvents for extraction-desulphurization: A review. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Wong CY, Wong WY, Loh KS, Daud WRW, Lim KL, Loh KS, Walvekar R, Khalid M. Comparative Study On Water Uptake And Ionic Transport Properties Of Pre- And Post Sulfonated Chitosan/PVA polymer Exchange Membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/458/1/012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Singh A, Walvekar R, Mohammad Khalid, Wong WY, Gupta T. Thermophysical properties of glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) based DES. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Balaji AB, Ratnam CT, Khalid M, Walvekar R. E-beam sterilizable thermoplastics elastomers for healthcare devices: Mechanical, morphology, and in vivo studies. J Biomater Appl 2018; 32:1049-1062. [PMID: 29298552 DOI: 10.1177/0885328217750476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of electron beam radiation on ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer/polypropylene blends is studied as an attempt to develop radiation sterilizable polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer blends suitable for medical devices. The polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer blends with mixing ratios of 80/20, 50/50, 20/80 were prepared in an internal mixer at 165°C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm/min followed by compression molding. The blends and the individual components were radiated using 3.0 MeV electron beam accelerator at doses ranging from 0 to 100 kGy in air and room temperature. All the samples were tested for tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, impact strength, and morphological properties. After exposing to 25 and 100 kGy radiation doses, 50% PP blend was selected for in vivo studies. Results revealed that radiation-induced crosslinking is dominating in EPDM dominant blends, while radiation-induced degradation is prevailing in PP dominant blends. The 20% PP blend was found to be most compatible for 20-60 kGy radiation sterilization. The retention in impact strength with enhanced tensile strength of 20% PP blend at 20-60 kGy believed to be associated with increased compatibility between PP and EPDM along with the radiation-induced crosslinking. The scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces of the PP/EPDM blends showed evidences consistent with the above contentation. The in vivo studies provide an instinct that the radiated blends are safe to be used for healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananad Bellam Balaji
- 1 Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 69861 University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chantara Thevy Ratnam
- 2 Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- 3 School of Science & Technology, Research Centre for Nano-materials & Energy Technology, 65189 Sunway University , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- 4 Energy Research Division, 65214 Taylor's University , Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Balaji AB, Ratnam CT, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Effect of electron beam irradiation on thermal and crystallization behavior of PP/EPDM blend. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ketabchi MR, Ratnam CT, Khalid M, Walvekar R. Mechanical properties of polylactic acid/synthetic rubber blend reinforced with cellulose nanoparticles isolated from kenaf fibres. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Michael FM, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Ratnam CT, Ramarad S, Siddiqui H, Hoque ME. Effect of nanofillers on the physico-mechanical properties of load bearing bone implants. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 67:792-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khalid M, Walvekar R, Ketabchi MR, Siddiqui H, Hoque ME. Rubber/Nanoclay Composites: Towards Advanced Functional Materials. Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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48
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Walvekar R, Faris IA, Khalid M. Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluid-Experimental and theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/htj.20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Otitic hydrocephalus is characterized by increased intra-cranial pressure without focal signs of neurological dysfunction. It usually occurs secondary to lateral sinus thrombosis more commonly on the right side, but it can also occur without lateral sinus thrombosis. With the advent of new antibiotics there has been a spectacular decrease in the complications of otitis media. Otogenic intra-cranial hypertension, always an uncommon condition, is seen only very rarely nowadays. Tubercular otitis media still occurs in India, and due to delays in its diagnosis it usually presents with complications. We present three patients with otitic hydrocephalus of tubercular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Grewal
- Department of Otolaryngology, T.N. Medical College, B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Hathiram BT, Grewal DS, Walvekar R, Dwivedi A, Kumar L, Mohorikar A. The melkersson - rosenthal syndrome as a rare cause of facial nerve palsy - a case report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 52:375-6. [PMID: 23119729 PMCID: PMC3451380 DOI: 10.1007/bf02991483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Melkenson Rosenthal syndrome is the rarely encountered triad of intermittent facial paralysis, recurrent facial oedema and lingua plicata. The intervals between the recurrence of symptoms may vary in duration. The cause of this syndrome is yet unknown. This paper discuses the pathology, clinical features and management as well as reports a case of this unusual disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Hathiram
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, T.N.Medical College & B.Y.L.Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai Central, 400 008 Mumbai, ; 2nd Floor, Habib House,Opp. Alfred Cinema,Corner Grant Road, 400 007 Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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