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Bhupenchandra I, Chongtham SK, Gangarani Devi A, Dutta P, Lamalakshmi E, Mohanty S, Choudhary AK, Das A, Sarika K, Kumar S, Yumnam S, Sagolsem D, Rupert Anand Y, Bhutia DD, Victoria M, Vinodh S, Tania C, Dhanachandra Sharma A, Deb L, Sahoo MR, Seth CS, Swapnil P, Meena M. Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38436101 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- ICAR-Farm Science Centre Tamenglong, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Chongtham
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Ayam Gangarani Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Pranab Dutta
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Elangbam Lamalakshmi
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Sansuta Mohanty
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anil K Choudhary
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Lembucherra, Tripura, India
| | - Konsam Sarika
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Yumnam
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Diana Sagolsem
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Y Rupert Anand
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Dawa Dolma Bhutia
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - M Victoria
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - S Vinodh
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Bermiok, Sikkim, India
| | - Chongtham Tania
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Lipa Deb
- School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Prashant Swapnil
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Science, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Jagadeesan Y, Meenakshisundaram S, Pichaimuthu S, Balaiah A. A scientific version of understanding "Why did the chickens cross the road"? - A guided journey through Bacillus spp. towards sustainable agriculture, circular economy and biofortification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117907. [PMID: 38109965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The world, a famished planet with an overgrowing population, requires enormous food crops. This scenario compelled the farmers to use a high quantity of synthetic fertilizers for high food crop productivity. However, prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers results in severe adverse effects on soil and water quality. On the other hand, the growing population significantly consumes large quantities of poultry meats. Eventually, this produces a mammoth amount of poultry waste, chicken feathers. Owing to the protein value of the chicken feathers, these wastes are converted into protein hydrolysate and further extend their application as biostimulants for sustained agriculture. The protein profile of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) produced through Bacillus spp. was the maximum compared to physical and chemical protein extraction methods. Several studies proved that the application of CFPH and active Bacillus spp. culture to soil and plants results in enhanced plant growth, phytochemical constituents, crop yield, soil nutrients, fertility, microbiome and resistance against diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Overall, "CFPH - Jack of all trades" and "Bacillus spp. - an active camouflage to the surroundings where they applied showed profound and significant benefits to the plant growth under the most adverse conditions. In addition, Bacillus spp. coheres the biofortification process in plants through the breakdown of metals into metal ions that eventually increase the nutrient value of the food crops. However, detailed information on them is missing. This can be overcome by further real-world studies on rhizoengineering through a multi-omics approach and their interaction with plants. This review has explored the best possible and efficient strategy for managing chicken feather wastes into protein-rich CFPH through Bacillus spp. bioconversion and utilizing the CFPH and Bacillus spp. as biostimulants, biofertilizers, biopesticides and biofortificants. This paper is an excellent report on organic waste management, circular economy and sustainable agriculture research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Suthakaran Pichaimuthu
- Genprotic Biopharma Private Limited, SPIC Bioprocess Laboratory, Anna University, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600113, India.
| | - Anandaraj Balaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
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Kumar GA, Kumar S, Bhardwaj R, Swapnil P, Meena M, Seth CS, Yadav A. Recent advancements in multifaceted roles of flavonoids in plant-rhizomicrobiome interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1297706. [PMID: 38250451 PMCID: PMC10796613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1297706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The rhizosphere consists of a plethora of microbes, interacting with each other as well as with the plants present in proximity. The root exudates consist of a variety of secondary metabolites such as strigolactones and other phenolic compounds such as coumarin that helps in facilitating communication and forming associations with beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere. Among different secondary metabolites flavonoids (natural polyphenolic compounds) continuously increasing attention in scientific fields for showing several slews of biological activities. Flavonoids possess a benzo-γ-pyrone skeleton and several classes of flavonoids have been reported on the basis of their basic structure such as flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanins, etc. The mutualistic association between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plants have been reported to help the host plants in surviving various biotic and abiotic stresses such as low nitrogen and phosphorus, drought and salinity stress, pathogen attack, and herbivory. This review sheds light upon one such component of root exudate known as flavonoids, which is well known for nodulation in legume plants. Apart from the well-known role in inducing nodulation in legumes, this group of compounds has anti-microbial and antifungal properties helping in establishing defensive mechanisms and playing a major role in forming mycorrhizal associations for the enhanced acquisition of nutrients such as iron and phosphorus. Further, this review highlights the role of flavonoids in plants for recruiting non-mutualistic microbes under stress and other important aspects regarding recent findings on the functions of this secondary metabolite in guiding the plant-microbe interaction and how organic matter affects its functionality in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Anil Kumar
- School of Basic Science, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, India
| | - Rupesh Bhardwaj
- School of Basic Science, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- School of Basic Science, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ankush Yadav
- School of Basic Science, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
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Hlongwane MM, Dakora FD, Mohammed M, Mokgalaka-Fleischmann NS. Bioprospecting for Rhizobacteria with the Ability to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Lessertia frutescens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17585. [PMID: 38139414 PMCID: PMC10743902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa that is used for the management of cancer, stomach ulcers, wounds, etc. The use and demand for the raw materials from this plant have been increasing steadily over the years, putting strain on the dwindling wild populations. Although cultivation may provide relief to the strained supply, the persistent drought climate poses a threat to the plant's growth and productivity. This study explored three plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolates, TUTLFNC33, TUTLFNC37 and TUTLFWC74, obtained from the root nodules of Lessertia frutescens as potential bioinoculants that can improve yield, biological activities and the production of secondary metabolites in the host plant. Isolate TUTLFNC37 was identified as the most promising isolate for inoculation of Lessertia frutescens under drought conditions as it induced drought tolerance through enhanced root proliferation, osmolyte proline accumulation and stomatal closure. Superior biomass yield, phenolics, triterpenes and antioxidant activity were evident in the extracts of Lessertia frutescens inoculated with TUTLFNC37 and under different levels of drought. Furthermore, the metabolomics of the plant extracts demonstrated the ability of the isolate to withstand drastic changes in the composition of unique metabolites, sutherlandiosides A-D and sutherlandins A-D. Molecular families which were never reported in the plant (peptides and glycerolipids) were detected and annotated in the molecular networks. Although drought had deleterious effects on Lessertia frutescens, isolate TUTLFNC37 alleviated the impact of the stress. Isolate TUTLFNC37 is therefore the most promising, environmentally friendly alternative to harmful chemicals such as nitrate-based fertilizers. The isolate should be studied to establish its field performance, cross infectivity with other medicinal plants and competition with inherent soil microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi M. Hlongwane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.H.); (F.D.D.)
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.H.); (F.D.D.)
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1882, Ghana;
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka-Fleischmann
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.H.); (F.D.D.)
- Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Arora J, Kanthaliya B, Joshi A, Meena M, Meena S, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Devkota HP. Evaluation of Total Isoflavones in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Sprouts Germinated under Precursors ( p-Coumaric Acid and L-Phenylalanine) Supplementation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2823. [PMID: 37570977 PMCID: PMC10421377 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cicer arietinum L. (Bengal gram, chickpea) is one of the major pulse crops and an important part of traditional diets in Asia, Africa, and South America. The present study was conducted to determine the changes in total isoflavones during sprouting (0, 3, and 7 days) along with the effect of two precursor supplementations, p-coumaric acid (p-CA) and L-phenylalanine (Phe), in C. arietinum. It was observed that increasing sprouting time up to the seventh day resulted in ≈1282 mg 100 g-1 isoflavones, which is approximately eight times higher than chickpea seeds. The supplementation of Phe did not affect the total length of sprouts, whereas the supplementation of p-CA resulted in stunted sprouts. On the third day of supplementation with p-CA (250 mg L-1), the increase in the total phenolic content (TPC) (80%), daidzein (152%), and genistin (158%) contents were observed, and further extending the supplementation reduced the growth of sprouts. On the seventh day of supplementation with Phe (500 mg L-1), the increase in TPC by 43% and genistin content by 74% was observed compared with non-treated sprouts; however, the total isoflavones content was found to be 1212 mg 100 g-1. The increased TPC was positively correlated with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (r = 0.787) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) (r = 0.676) activity. This study suggests that chickpea sprouts enriched in TPC and antioxidants can be produced by the appropriate quantity of precursor supplementation on a particular day. The results indicated major changes in the phytochemical content, especially daidzein and genistin. It was also concluded that the consumption of 100 g of seventh-day sprouts provided eight times higher amounts of isoflavones in comparison to chickpea seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India (A.J.)
| | - Bhanupriya Kanthaliya
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India (A.J.)
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India (A.J.)
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Supriya Meena
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India (A.J.)
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
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Elsharkawy MM, Khedr AA, Mehiar F, El-Kady EM, Alwutayd KM, Behiry SI. Rhizobacterial Colonization and Management of Bacterial Speck Pathogen in Tomato by Pseudomonas spp. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1103. [PMID: 37317077 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and soil microorganisms interact at every stage of growth. Pseudomonas spp. are highly regarded for their ability to increase crop production and protection from diseases. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay and the activation of tomato resistance against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). The capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotaxis response of PGPRs (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The activities of defense enzymes and the expressions of PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were measured using real-time qPCR. Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids (the most important root exudates found in different plant species) at low concentrations varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates (63 species). Beneficial isolates including Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stutzeri N42, and P. putida T15 reacted well to different concentrations of root exudates. P. putida T15 demonstrated the most potent anti-Pst activity. At three and six days after inoculation, the greatest levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were reported in the A5 and T15 groups. In tomato, transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments. PGPR isolates alone or in combination with BABA (β-amino butyric acid) up-regulated the transcriptions of PR1, PR2, LOX, and PAL genes. Treatments with N42 and T15 resulted in the greatest improvements in tomato growth and yield traits. In conclusion, the results explain the mechanisms of rhizobacterial colonization for the improved management of Pst. Rhizobacterial isolates play a role in tomato's resistance to Pst via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amr A Khedr
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Farid Mehiar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M El-Kady
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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Zehra A, Meena M, Jadhav DM, Swapnil P, Harish. Regulatory Mechanisms for the Conservation of Endangered Plant Species, Chlorophytum tuberosum—Potential Medicinal Plant Species. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:6406. [DOI: 10.3390/su15086406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present review paper is an attempt to examine and provide an overview of the various conservation strategies and regulatory framework to protect endangered plants, including Chlorophytum tuberosum, popularly known as Safed Musli in the local language. C. tuberosum belongs to the family Liliaceae and is being used in the indigenous systems of medicine as a galactagogue, aphrodisiac, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, anti-ageing, antimicrobial, etc. This plant has great medicinal and commercial value and is part of the Biological Diversity Act, but due to a lack of effective conservation, it is on the verge of extinction because of natural and manmade reasons, such as loss of habitat, climate change, pollution, excessive harvesting, etc. The most valuable medicinal plants have great importance; hence, many conservation techniques are being employed to protect them. In furtherance to the conservation of such plant species, strategic efforts, in the form of laws and policies, are laid; however, existing legislative mechanisms and policy parameters are not sufficient to overcome the challenges of conservation of such plant species, including Safed Musli, hence, this plant has been considered as a critically endangered plant in India. It is pertinent to note that we do not have specific legislation enacted for the protection of plant species; however, efforts are being made to conserve it under various laws, such as the Forest Conservation Act, Biological Diversity Act 2002, and many other allied legislations. This basic legislation of the Biological Diversity Act also lacks focal attention on the conservation of endangered plant species. Moreover, decentralization of power and actual community participation in conservation practices are also missing. A cumulative effect of both scientific measures and legal mechanisms supported by community participation may produce better results in the conservation of plant species, including Safed Musli. The protection of rich sources and biological diversity is not being taken as seriously as it ought to be, hence, it is necessary to improve awareness and public participation in conservation techniques with effective legislation for the conservation of highly endangered plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Zehra
- Laboratory of Mycopathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhanaji M. Jadhav
- Symbiosis Law School, Symbiosis International University, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Science, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
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Rahnama S, Ghehsareh Ardestani E, Ebrahimi A, Nikookhah F. Seed priming with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) improves growth and water stress tolerance of Secale montanum. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15498. [PMID: 37151636 PMCID: PMC10161722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses are major global threats to food security in the 21st century. Application of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in rangeland plants is the only possible alternative that supports plant growth and development to combat environmental stress and successfully restoring rangelands. PGPBs were also found to be a potential substitute for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The challenge is to determine which biofertilizers can be used for Secale montanum in normal and under water stress conditions. We sought to determine the benefits of PGPB for S. montanum under water stress conditions in terms of seedling growth traits, growth indicators, and nutrient uptake in the research greenhouse. Therefore, a completely randomized factorial design was conducted with two treatments of PGPB inoculation, including the control (no PGPB inoculation), PGPBs Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Azospirillum lipoferm, and Azotobacter chroococcum, and water stress in the research greenhouse. Overall, the results of the current study showed that water stress greatly reduced the above-ground fresh weight of above-ground plant parts and the nitrogen and potassium content of S. montanum. The present study confirms the positive effects of PGPB on fresh and dry weights of above- and below-ground parts and seedling, vigor index, quality index, and nitrogen and potassium content of S. montanum, except for below-ground parts length, compared with the controls, which shows that PGPB usually improves some indicators of plant growth and development. We suggest that restoration of S. montanum seed inoculation with PGPB should be supported in degraded rangelands and marginal drylands in low rainfall years, which may cause water scarcity and consequently water stress in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Rahnama
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 8818634141, Iran
| | - Elham Ghehsareh Ardestani
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 8818634141, Iran
- Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Corresponding author. Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 8818634141, Iran.
| | - Ataollah Ebrahimi
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 8818634141, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nikookhah
- Department of Fishery Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 8818634141, Iran
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