1
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Gallagher P, Savoini A, Saady A, Maynard JRJ, Butler PWV, Tizzard GJ, Goldup SM. Facial Selectivity in Mechanical Bond Formation: Axially Chiral Enantiomers and Geometric Isomers from a Simple Prochiral Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9134-9141. [PMID: 38507717 PMCID: PMC10996000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In 1971, Schill recognized that a prochiral macrocycle encircling an oriented axle led to geometric isomerism in rotaxanes. More recently, we identified an overlooked chiral stereogenic unit in rotaxanes that arises when a prochiral macrocycle encircles a prochiral axle. Here, we show that both stereogenic units can be accessed using equivalent strategies, with a single weak stereodifferentiating interaction sufficient for moderate to excellent stereoselectivity. Using this understanding, we demonstrated the first direct enantioselective (70% ee) synthesis of a mechanically axially chiral rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
R. Gallagher
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrea Savoini
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Abed Saady
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - John R. J. Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Patrick W. V. Butler
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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2
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Falsafi SR, Topuz F, Bajer D, Mohebi Z, Shafieiuon M, Heydari H, Rawal S, Sathiyaseelan A, Wang MH, Khursheed R, Enayati MH, Rostamabadi H. Metal nanoparticles and carbohydrate polymers team up to improve biomedical outcomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115695. [PMID: 37839113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The convergence of carbohydrate polymers and metal nanoparticles (MNPs) holds great promise for biomedical applications. Researchers aim to exploit the capability of carbohydrate matrices to modulate the physicochemical properties of MNPs, promote their therapeutic efficiency, improve targeted drug delivery, and enhance their biocompatibility. Therefore, understanding various attributes of both carbohydrates and MNPs is the key to harnessing them for biomedical applications. The many distinct types of carbohydrate-MNP systems confer unique capabilities for drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, cancer treatment, and even food packaging. Here, we introduce distinct physicochemical/biological properties of carbohydrates and MNPs, and discuss their potentials and shortcomings (alone and in combination) for biomedical applications. We then offer an overview on carbohydrate-MNP systems and how they can be utilized to improve biomedical outcomes. Last but not least, future perspectives toward the application of such systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seid Reza Falsafi
- Safiabad Agricultural Research and Education and Natural Resources Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful P.O. Box 333, Iran
| | - Fuat Topuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Sariyer 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dagmara Bajer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Zahra Mohebi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Maryam Shafieiuon
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hajar Heydari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Shruti Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382210, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - M H Enayati
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hadis Rostamabadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran.
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3
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Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. The Diversity of Cucurbituril Molecular Switches and Shuttles. Chemistry 2023:e202302114. [PMID: 37725407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ring translocation switches and shuttles featuring a macrocycle (or a ring molecule) navigating between two or more stations continue to attract attention. While the vast majority of these systems are developed in organic solvents, the cucurbituril (CB) macrocycles are ideally suited to prepare such systems in water. Indeed, their stability and their relatively high affinity for relevant guest molecules are key attributes toward translating the progresses made in organic solvents, into water. This concept article summarizes the findings, key advances and multiple possibilities offered by CBs toward advanced molecular switches and shuttles in water.
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4
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Zhao X, Yu J, Liang X, Huang Z, Li J, Peng S. Crystallization behaviors regulations and mechanical performances enhancement approaches of polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable materials modified by organic nucleating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123581. [PMID: 36758767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted much attention because of its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. However, the slow crystallization rate of PLA during molding leads to its poor heat resistance, which limit its diffusion for many industrial applications. In this review, the relationship between PLA crystallization and its molecular structure and processing conditions is summarized. From the perspective of the regulation of PLA crystallization by organic nucleating agents, the research progress of organic micromolecule (e.g., esters, amides, and hydrazides), organic salt, supramolecular, and macromolecule nucleating agents on the crystallization behavior of PLA is mainly introduced. The nucleation mechanism of PLA is expounded by organic nucleating agents, and the effect of the interaction force between organic nucleating agents and PLA molecular chains on the crystallization behavior of PLA is analyzed. The effects of the crystallization behavior of PLA on its mechanical properties and heat resistance are discussed. It will provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of high-efficiency nucleating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China.
| | - Jiajie Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zepeng Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
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5
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Molecular Symmetry of Permethylated β-Cyclodextrins upon Complexation. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cn molecular symmetry implicated by the schemes with which cyclodextrins (CDs), the well-known cyclic oligosaccharides, are introduced in the literature, is not valid. Numerous studies have shown that CDs are rather flexible with their macrocycle adopting various conformations that enable the inclusion complexation of guest molecules of various shapes. In this work, the loss and gain of the C7 symmetry of the heptakis (2, 3, 6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD (TM-β-CD) is investigated by means of its conformation geometrical features in its hydrated form and upon complexation with molecules of different shapes. For this, the crystal structure of the inclusion complex of a bulky guest molecule (giberellic acid) in TM-β-CD is presented for the first time and compared with the previously determined crystal structures of monohydrated TM-β-CD and the inclusion complex of a linear monoterpenoid (geraniol) in TM-β-CD. The structural investigation was complemented by molecular dynamics simulations in an explicit solvent, based on the crystallographically determined models. The crucial role of the guest, in the symmetry gain of the host, reveals a pronounced induced-fit complexation mechanism for permethylated CDs.
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6
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Lopez-Leonardo C, Saura-Sanmartin A, Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Ring-to-Thread Chirality Transfer in [2]Rotaxanes for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209904. [PMID: 35916122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of chiral mechanically interlocked molecules has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years, with applications in different fields, such as asymmetric catalysis or sensing. Herein we describe the synthesis of orientational mechanostereoisomers, which include a benzylic amide macrocycle with a stereogenic center, and nonsymmetric N-(arylmethyl)fumaramides as the axis. The base-promoted cyclization of the initial fumaramide thread allows enantioenriched value-added compounds, such as lactams of different ring sizes and amino acids, to be obtained. The chiral information is effectively transmitted across the mechanical bond from the encircling ring to the interlocked lactam. High levels of enantioselectivity and full control of the regioselectivity of the final cyclic compounds are attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lopez-Leonardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Nakanishi Y, Kawashima T, Naganawa M, Mikami T, Maeshima M, Ishiguro S. Letter to the Editor: Speedy Plant Genotyping by SDS-Tolerant Cyclodextrin-PCR. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1025-1028. [PMID: 35771666 PMCID: PMC9381561 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Terumi Kawashima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mayuko Naganawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mikami
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Sumie Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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8
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Lopez-Leonardo C, Saura-Sanmartin A, Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Ring‐to‐Thread Chirality Transfer in [2]Rotaxanes for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Universidad de Murcia Química Orgánica Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia SPAIN
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Universidad de Murcia Química Orgánica Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia SPAIN
| | | | - Jose Berna
- Universidad de Murcia Quimica Organica Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia SPAIN
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9
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Krajnc M, Niemeyer J. BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:508-523. [PMID: 35601990 PMCID: PMC9086503 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview we present the use of the axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) unit as a stereogenic element in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). We describe the synthesis and properties of such BINOL-based chiral MIMs, together with their use in further diastereoselective modifications, their application in asymmetric catalysis, and their use in stereoselective chemosensing. Given the growing importance of mechanically interlocked molecules and the key advantages of the privileged chiral BINOL backbone, we believe that this research area will continue to grow and deliver many useful applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krajnc
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Centre of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
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10
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Papezhuk MV, Volynkin VA, Panyushkin VT. The structure and properties of functionalized cyclodextrins and complex compounds based on them. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Fritea L, Tertiș M, Cristea C, Sandulescu R. Exploring the research progress about the applications of cyclodextrins and nanomaterials in electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Cristea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Faculty of Pharmacy ROMANIA
| | - Robert Sandulescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Faculty of Pharmacy ROMANIA
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12
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Del Sole R, Mele G, Bloise E, Mergola L. Green Aspects in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers by Biomass Waste Utilization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2430. [PMID: 34372030 PMCID: PMC8348058 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular Imprinting Polymer (MIP) technology is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. In the last decades, MIP technology has gained much attention from the scientific world as summarized in several reviews with this topic. Furthermore, green synthesis in chemistry is nowadays one of the essential aspects to be taken into consideration in the development of novel products. In accordance with this feature, the MIP community more recently devoted considerable research and development efforts on eco-friendly processes. Among other materials, biomass waste, which is a big environmental problem because most of it is discarded, can represent a potential sustainable alternative source in green synthesis, which can be addressed to the production of high-value carbon-based materials with different applications. This review aims to focus and explore in detail the recent progress in the use of biomass waste for imprinted polymers preparation. Specifically, different types of biomass waste in MIP preparation will be exploited: chitosan, cellulose, activated carbon, carbon dots, cyclodextrins, and waste extracts, describing the approaches used in the synthesis of MIPs combined with biomass waste derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Del Sole
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via per Monteroni Km1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.M.); (E.B.); (L.M.)
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13
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Zhou H, Yamada T, Kimizuka N. Supramolecular Thermocells based on Thermo-Responsiveness of Host–Guest Chemistry. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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14
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Li K, Wang Y, Guo F, He L, Zhang L. Sliding dynamics of multi-rings on a semiflexible polymer in poly[ n]catenanes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2557-2567. [PMID: 33514985 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sliding dynamics of one- or multi-ring structures along a semiflexible cyclic polymer in radial poly[n]catenanes is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The fixed and fluctuating (non-fixed) semiflexible central cyclic polymers are considered, respectively. With increasing bending energy of the central cyclic polymer, for the fixed case, the diffusion coefficient increases monotonically due to the reduction of the tortuous sliding path, while for the fluctuating case, the diffusion coefficient decreases. This indicates that the contribution of the polymer fluctuation is suppressed by a further increase in the stiffness of the central cyclic chain. Compared with the one ring case, the mean-square displacement of the multiple rings exhibits a unique sub-diffusive behavior at intermediate time scales due to the repulsion between two neighboring rings. In addition, for the multi-ring system, the whole set of rings exhibit relatively slower diffusion, but faster local dynamics of threading rings and rotational diffusion of the central cyclic polymer arise. These results may help us to understand the diffusion motion of rings in radial poly[n]catenanes from a fundamental point of view and control the sliding dynamics in molecular designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
| | - Fuchen Guo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
| | - Linli He
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Linxi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
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15
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Main Applications of Cyclodextrins in the Food Industry as the Compounds of Choice to Form Host-Guest Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031339. [PMID: 33572788 PMCID: PMC7866268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers broadly used in food manufacturing as food additives for different purposes, e.g., to improve sensorial qualities, shelf life, and sequestration of components. In this review, the latest advancements of their applications along with the characteristics of the uses of the different CDs (α, β, γ and their derivatives) were reviewed. Their beneficial effects can be achieved by mixing small amounts of CDs with the target material to be stabilized. Essentially, they have the capacity to form stable inclusion complexes with sensitive lipophilic nutrients and constituents of flavor and taste. Their toxicity has been also studied, showing that CDs are innocuous in oral administration. A review of the current legislation was also carried out, showing a general trend towards a wider acceptance of CDs as food additives. Suitable and cost-effective procedures for the manufacture of CDs have progressed, and nowadays it is possible to obtain realistic prices and used them in foods. Therefore, CDs have a promising future due to consumer demand for healthy and functional products.
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16
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The 4R's Framework of Nutritional Strategies for Post-Exercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010103. [PMID: 33375691 PMCID: PMC7796021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-exercise recovery is a broad term that refers to the restoration of training capacity. After training or competition, there is fatigue accumulation and a reduction in sports performance. In the hours and days following training, the body recovers and performance is expected to return to normal or improve. ScienceDirect, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed to identify studies and position declarations examining the relationship between nutrition and sports recovery. As an evidence-based framework, a 4R’s approach to optimizing post-exercise recovery was identified: (i) Rehydration—a fundamental process that will depend on the athlete, environment and sports event; (ii) Refuel—the consumption of carbohydrates is not only important to replenish the glycogen reserves but also to contribute to the energy requirements for the immune system and tissue reparation. Several bioengineered carbohydrates were discussed but further research is needed; (iii) Repair—post-exercise ingestion of high-quality protein and creatine monohydrate benefit the tissue growth and repair; and (iv) Rest—pre-sleep nutrition has a restorative effect that facilitates the recovery of the musculoskeletal, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Nutritional consultancy based on the 4R’s is important for the wise stewardship of the hydration, feeding, and supplementation strategies to achieve a timely recovery.
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17
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Kowalewska A, Nowacka M. Supramolecular Interactions in Hybrid Polylactide Blends-The Structures, Mechanisms and Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E3351. [PMID: 32718056 PMCID: PMC7435468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformation of polylactide (PLA) chains can be adjusted by supramolecular interactions (the formation of hydrogen bonds or host-guest complexes) with appropriate organic molecules. The structures formed due to those intermolecular interactions may act as crystal nuclei in the PLA matrix ("soft templating"). In this review, the properties of several supramolecular nucleating systems based on synthetic organic nucleators (arylamides, hydrazides, and 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol) are compared to those achieved with biobased nucleating agents (orotic acid, humic acids, fulvic acids, nanocellulose, and cyclodextrins) that can also improve the mechanical properties of PLA. The PLA nanocomposites containing both types of nucleating agents/additives are discussed and evaluated in the context of their biomedical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland;
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